`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`United States Patent and Trademark Office
`Address: COMMISSIONER FOR PATENTS
`P.O. Box 1450
`313-1450
`Alexandria, Virginia 22.
`www.uspto.gov
`
`APPLICATION NO.
`
`
`
`
` FILING DATE
`
`FIRST NAMED INVENTOR
`
`ATTORNEY DOCKET NO.
`
`
`
`
`CONFIRMATIONNO.
`
`11/889,685
`
`08/15/2007
`
`Nalini J. Prakash
`
`2222.540REIO
`
`5524
`
`26111
`
`7590
`
`11/06/2013
`
`STERNE, KESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & FOX P.L.L.C.
`1100 NEW YORK AVENUE,N.W.
`WASHINGTON,DC 20005
`
`EXAMINER
`
`NGUYEN,LE V
`
`ART UNIT
`
`2174
`
`MAIL DATE
`
`11/06/2013
`
`PAPER NUMBER
`
`DELIVERY MODE
`
`PAPER
`
`Please find below and/or attached an Office communication concerning this application or proceeding.
`
`The time period for reply, if any, is set in the attached communication.
`
`PTOL-90A (Rev. 04/07)
`
`

`

` Attachment(s)
`
`Status
`1)X] Responsive to communication(s)filed on12March2013.
`LJ A declaration(s)/affidavit(s) under 37 CFR 1.130(b) was/werefiledon__
`2a)X] This action is FINAL.
`2b)L] This action is non-final.
`3)L] Anelection was made bythe applicant in responsetoarestriction requirementset forth during the interview on
`
`
`; the restriction requirement and election have been incorporatedinto this action.
`4)[] Since this application is in condition for allowance exceptfor formal matters, prosecution as to the merits is
`closed in accordance with the practice under Ex parte Quayle, 1935 C.D. 11, 453 O.G. 213.
`
`Disposition of Claims
`5) Claim(s) 1-6,8-12, 14-30,32-41,43-47,49-65 and 67-70 is/are pending in the application.
`
`5a) Of the above claim(s)
`is/are withdrawn from consideration.
`6)L] Claim(s)____is/are allowed.
`
`7) Claim(s) 1-6,8-12, 14-30,32-41,43-47,49-65 and 67-70is/are rejected.
`8)L] Claim(s)____is/are objectedto.
`
`9)L] Claim(s)
`are subject to restriction and/or election requirement.
`* If any claims have been determined allowable, you may be eligible to benefit from the Patent Prosecution Highway program at a
`participating intellectual property office for the corresponding application. For more information, please see
`or send an inquiry to PPHieedback@uspto.qoy.
`
`Application Papers
`10)L] The specification is objected to by the Examiner.
`
`11)L] The drawing(s)filed on
`is/are: a)L_] accepted or b)L_] objected to by the Examiner.
`Applicant may not request that any objection to the drawing(s) be held in abeyance. See 37 CFR 1.85(a).
`Replacement drawing sheet(s) including the correction is required if the drawing(s) is objected to. See 37 CFR 1.121(d).
`
`Priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119
`12)[] Acknowledgment is made of a claim for foreign priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a)-(d) or (f).
`Certified copies:
`a)L] All
`b)[-] Some * c)L] None ofthe:
`1..] Certified copies of the priority documents have been received.
`2.L] Certified copies of the priority documents have been received in Application No.
`3.L] Copies of the certified copies of the priority documents have been receivedin this National Stage
`application from the International Bureau (PCT Rule 17.2(a)).
`“ See the attached detailed Office action for a list of the certified copies not received.
`
`
`Application No.
`Applicant(s)
`
` 11/889,685 PRAKASH, NALINI J.
`Examiner
`Art Unit
`AIA (First Inventorto File)
`Office Action Summary
`
`2174LE NGUYEN Na
`
`-- The MAILING DATEof this communication appears on the cover sheet with the correspondence address --
`Period for Reply
`
`A SHORTENED STATUTORY PERIOD FOR REPLYIS SET TO EXPIRE 3 MONTH(S) OR THIRTY(30) DAYS,
`WHICHEVER IS LONGER, FROM THE MAILING DATE OF THIS COMMUNICATION.
`Extensions of time may be available under the provisions of 37 CFR 1.136(a).
`In no event, however, may a reply be timely filed
`after SIX (6) MONTHS from the mailing date of this communication.
`If NO period for reply is specified above, the maximum statutory period will apply and will expire SIX (6) MONTHS from the mailing date of this communication.
`-
`- Failure to reply within the set or extended period for reply will, by statute, cause the application to become ABANDONED (35 U.S.C. § 133).
`Anyreply received by the Office later than three months after the mailing date of this communication, even if timely filed, may reduce any
`earned patent term adjustment. See 37 CFR 1.704(b).
`
`3) CT] Interview Summary (PTO-413)
`1) X Notice of References Cited (PTO-892)
`Paper No(s)/Mail Date. __
`2) [J information
`Disclosure
`Statement(s)
`(PTO/SB/08
`)
`4 O Other:
`)
`nformation Disclosure
`Statement(s) (
`Paper No(s)/Mail Date
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
`PTOL-326 (Rev. 05-13)
`
`Part of Paper No./Mail Date 20130710
`
`Office Action Summary
`
`

`

`Application/Control Number: 11/889,685
`
`Art Unit: 2174
`
`Page 2
`
`DETAILED ACTION
`
`1,
`
`2.
`
`This communication is responsive to an amendmentfiled 03/12/2013.
`
`Claims 1-6, 8-12, 14-30, 32-41, 43-47, 49-65 and 67-70 are pending in this application;
`
`and, claims 1, 14, 18, 22, 32, 36, 49, 53, 57 and 67 are independent claims. Claims 7, 13, 31, 42,
`
`48 and 66 have been cancelled; and, claims 1, 14, 18, 22, 32, 36, 49, 53, 57 and 67 have been
`
`amended. This action is made Final.
`
`Oath/Declaration
`
`3.
`
`In accordance with 37 CFR 1.175(b)(1), a supplemental reissue oath/declaration under 37
`
`CFR 1.175(b)(1) must be received before this reissue application can be allowed.
`
`Claims 1-6, 8-12, 14-30, 32-41, 47, 49-65 and 67-70 are rejected as being based upon a
`
`defective reissue declaration under 35 USC 251. See 37 CFR 1.175. The nature of the defect is
`
`set forth above. Receipt of an appropriate supplemental oath/declaration under 37 CFR
`
`1.175(b)(1) will overcomethis rejection under 35 USC 251. An example of acceptable language
`
`to be used in the supplemental oath/declaration is as follows:
`
`“Every error in the patent which wascorrected in the present reissue application, and is not
`
`covered by a prior oath/declaration submitted in this application, arose without any deceptive
`
`intention on the part of the applicant.”
`
`

`

`Application/Control Number: 11/889,685
`
`Art Unit: 2174
`
`Page 3
`
`Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 101
`
`4,
`
`35 U.S.C. 101 reads as follows:
`
`Whoeverinvents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or
`any new and useful improvementthereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and
`requirementsofthistitle.
`
`Claims 18-21 and 53-56 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 101 because the claimed invention
`
`is directed to non-statutory subject matter. It is the current position of the Office that a
`
`computer-readable medium as claimedis considered non-statutory, especially given that the
`
`specification is completely silent as to the particular details of what the medium comprises. Such
`
`claims must be rejected under 101 for encompassing non-statutory subject matter such as signals
`
`and transmission medium. Article of manufacture claims are treated for purposes of 101 like
`
`article or apparatus claims.
`
`5.
`
`Applicant is remindedthat s/he needs to fully comply with 37 CFR 1.173(c), whichstates:
`
`Reissue Applications
`
`(c) Status of claims and support for claim changes. Wheneverthere is an amendmentto
`the claims pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section, there must also be supplied, on
`pages separate from the pages containing the changes, the status (/.e., pending or
`canceled), as of the date of the amendment,of all patent claims and of all added claims,
`and an explanation of the support in the disclosure of the patent for the changes made
`to the claims.
`
`

`

`Application/Control Number: 11/889,685
`
`Art Unit: 2174
`
`Page 4
`
`Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103
`
`6.
`
`The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103(a) which formsthe basisfor all
`
`obviousnessrejections set forth in this Office action:
`
`(a) A patent may not be obtained thoughthe inventionis not identically disclosed or described as set forth in
`section 102 ofthistitle, if the differences between the subject matter sought to be patented andthe prior art are
`such that the subject matter as a whole would have been obvious at the time the invention was made to a person
`having ordinary skill in the art to which said subject matter pertains. Patentability shall not be negatived by the
`manner in which the invention was made.
`
`7.
`
`1-6, 8, 14, 15, 18, 19, 22-26, 32, 33, 36-41, 43, 49, 50, 53, 54, 57-61, 67 and 68 are
`
`rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103(a) as being unpatentable over Takahashi etal. “Takahashi”, US
`
`6,424,429 B1), Gourdolet al. (“Gourdol”, US 6,031,532) and Smallet al. “Small”, US 5898434
`
`A).
`
`Asper claim 1, Takahashi teaches a method for graphically representing secured items
`
`comprising determining a security level of each of the secured items and for graphically
`
`displaying the secured items, placing for each secured item a security icon corresponding to the
`
`security level of that item in place of a default icon wherein the default icon represents a
`
`corresponding non-secured item from whichthe respective secured item was derived(fig. 38;
`
`col. 31 line 22 — col. 32, line 67; determining a security level of each of the secured items and
`
`graphically displaying the secured times, e.g. element 71). Takahashi further teaches that the
`
`security icon is superimposed on the same portion of the default icon regardless of the
`
`corresponding security level (fig. 38; icons “security” and “coding” are shown on the same
`
`center positions of the default icons (71, 72)). Takahashi does not explicitly disclose
`
`superimposing a security icon over a default icon representing a corresponding non-secured item
`
`of a samefile type as the respective secured item for graphically displaying a corresponding
`
`

`

`Application/Control Number: 11/889,685
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`Art Unit: 2174
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`Page 5
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`security level of secured items. Gourdol teaches superimposing a security icon over a default
`
`icon representing a corresponding non-secured item of a samefile type as the respective secured
`
`item for graphically displaying a corresponding security level of secured items, i.e. a default icon
`
`and superimposing a secured item over the default icon (figs. 1-6b; col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4, line
`
`59 — col. 5, line 7; in the exemplary environmentof fig. 1, a foreground icon with a lock security
`
`level will be superimposed on the backgroundicon in a manner which obstructs any image
`
`behind the maskedareas of the foreground icon wherein most of the area of the image, except for
`
`the masked portions of the icons, are transparent to the user and, moreover, even during a theme
`
`change, only the base folder icon needs to be switched, and the same badge can be applied to
`
`either a two dimensional folder image or a three-dimensional folder image; however,ifall
`
`folders were switched to a three-dimensional view, a custom icon might look out of place and,
`
`thereby, user's designated icon badge is allowed to always be displayed on the folder icon when
`
`displayed, regardless of the image of the folder wherein the custom badge specifies only that
`
`portion of the image whichis different, i.e. the foreground image, and the base folder icon 36
`
`remains the same so that if a system theme were changedto alterall of the system icons, the
`
`altered icon wouldstill have, as its badge, the designated representation stored in the file
`
`"Icon/n."; col. 1, line 51 — col. 2, line 4; col. 6, lines 7-53). In view of KSR, 127 S. Ct. 1727at 1742,
`
`82 USPG2d at 1397 (2007), it would have been obviousto an artisan at the time of the invention to
`
`incorporate Gourdol’s teaching with the teachings of Takahashi given that such techniques of
`
`placing an image over something else are often used so that both things appear simultaneously.
`
`Takahashi and Gourdoldo not explicitly disclose a security level selected from a set of a
`
`plurality of security levels that uniquely represents that security level. Small teaches a security
`
`

`

`Application/Control Number: 11/889,685
`
`Art Unit: 2174
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`Page 6
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`level selected from a set of a plurality of security levels that uniquely represents that security
`
`level (figs. 3 and 15(e-f); col. 8, line 12 — col. 9, line 34; col. 18, line 24- col. 20, line 3; e.g.
`
`Rush element 44 could be singularly used to mark a computer generated documentas a rush
`
`document, or it could be combined with another element, such as To Do element 40, to indicate
`
`that something that is to be done, is to be done immediately, Confidential element 48 could be
`
`used to restrict access to documents so that when a document was marked with the confidential
`
`element, only users who entered a password would be able to read the document, documents
`
`marked with the Internal Report element 54 could be restricted to distribution only within a
`
`companyor an office, or Administration element 36, which could be used to mark items which
`
`are to be distributed to only a limited group of administrative people on a computer network). In
`
`view of KSR, 127 S. Ct. 1727 at 1742, 82 USPG2dat 1397 (2007), it would have been obvious to an
`
`artisan at the time of the invention to incorporate Small’s teaching with the teachings of
`
`Takahashi and Gourdolto provide a numberof additional and different types of elements in
`
`terms of its appearance and function.
`
`Asper claim 2, the modified Takahashi teaches the method of claim | and further teaches
`
`intercepting items when the itemsare retrieved from a storage device and determining whether
`
`any of the intercepted items are secured (Takahashi: fig. 38; col. 31 line 22 — col. 32, line 67;
`
`Gourdol: col. 6, line 10 — col. 7, line 40; e.g. when switching themes).
`
`Asper claim 3, the modified Takahashi teaches the method of claim 2 and further teaches
`
`said determining a security level comprises activating a client module in response to a
`
`determination that at least one of the items is secured (Takahashi: fig. 38; col. 31 line 22 — col.
`
`32, line 67; Gourdol: col. 7, lines 6-14; client application).
`
`

`

`Application/Control Number: 11/889,685
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`Art Unit: 2174
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`Page 7
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`Asper claim 4, the modified Takahashi teaches the method of claim 3 and further teaches
`
`the client module is configured to operate in an operating system supporting the program
`
`(Takahashi: fig. 38; col. 31 line 22 — col. 32, line 67; Gourdol: fig. 1; col. 7, lines 6-14;
`
`windowing environment).
`
`Asper claim 5, the modified Takahashi teaches the method of claim 4 and further teaches
`
`that the operating system comprises a graphic windowsoperating system and the program
`
`comprisesa utility configured to display contents of the storage device (Takahashi: fig. 38; col.
`
`31 line 22 — col. 32, line 67; Gourdol: fig. 1; col. 7, lines 6-14; windowing environment
`
`supporting display of graphics and, moreover, contents of the storage device).
`
`Asper claim 6, the modified Takahashi teaches the method of claim 3 and further teaches
`
`determining security information associated with the at least one secured item wherein the
`
`security information includes information regarding the security level of the at least one secured
`
`item (Takahashi: fig. 38; col. 31 line 22 — col. 32, line 67; Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 4, lines 7-29;
`
`col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line 7; plurality of icons comprising a composite icon with a background
`
`icon and foregroundicon having a particular status such as being on a network or locked).
`
`Asper claim 8, the modified Takahashi teaches the method of claim | and further teaches
`
`that the default icon is associated with an executable program (Takahashi: fig. 38; col. 31 line 22
`
`— col. 32, line 67; Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line 7; plurality
`
`of icons comprising a composite icon with a background icon and foreground icon having a
`
`particular status such as locked; Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 4, lines 7-29; icons representing
`
`application program, document, stationary pad, query document,etc.).
`
`

`

`Application/Control Number: 11/889,685
`
`Art Unit: 2174
`
`Page 8
`
`Asper claim 22, Takahashi teaches a tangible computer readable medium having
`
`instructions stored thereon comprising instructions to determine a security level of each of the
`
`secured items and for graphically displaying the secured items, placing for each secured item a
`
`security icon corresponding to the security level of that item in place of a default icon wherein
`
`the default icon represents a corresponding non-secured item from which the respective secured
`
`item was derived(fig. 38; col. 31 line 22 — col. 32, line 67; determining a security level of each
`
`of the secured items and graphically displaying the secured times, e.g. element 71). Takahashi
`
`further teaches fig. 4b; col. 7, lines 43-49; numeric level indicator overlaid on the respective
`
`icons(fig. 38; icons “security” and “coding” are shown on the same center positions of the
`
`default icons (71, 72)). Takahashi does not explicitly disclose placing or superimposing a
`
`security icon over a default icon. Gourdol teaches superimposing for each secured item a security
`
`icon corresponding to the security level of that item over a default icon (figs. 1-6b; col. 4, lines
`
`7-29; col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line 7; in the exemplary environmentoffig. 1, a foreground icon
`
`with a lock security level will be superimposed on the backgroundicon in a manner which
`
`obstructs any image behind the masked areas of the foreground icon wherein most of the area of
`
`the image, except for the masked portions of the icons, are transparent to the user and, moreover,
`
`even during a theme change,only the base folder icon needs to be switched, and the same badge
`
`can be applied to either a two dimensional folder image or a three-dimensional folder image;
`
`however,if all folders were switched to a three-dimensional view, a custom icon might look out
`
`of place and, thereby, user's designated icon badge is allowed to always be displayed on the
`
`folder icon when displayed, regardless of the image of the folder wherein the custom badge
`
`specifies only that portion of the image whichis different, i.e. the foreground image, and the base
`
`

`

`Application/Control Number: 11/889,685
`
`Art Unit: 2174
`
`Page 9
`
`folder icon 36 remains the sameso that if a system theme were changedto alter all of the system
`
`icons, the altered icon wouldstill have, as its badge, the designated representation stored in the
`
`file "Icon/n."; col. 1, line 51 — col. 2, line 4; col. 6, lines 7-53). In view of KSR, 127 S. Ct. 1727 at
`
`1742, 82 USPG2d at 1397 (2007), it would have been obviousto an artisan at the time of the invention
`
`to incorporate Gourdol’s teaching with the teachings of Takahashi given that such techniques of
`
`placing an image over something else are often used so that both things appear simultaneously.
`
`Takahashi and Gourdoldo not explicitly disclose a security level selected from a set of a
`
`plurality of security levels. Small teaches a security level selected from a set of a plurality of
`
`security levels (figs. 3 and 15(e-f); col. 8, line 12 — col. 9, line 34; col. 18, line 24- col. 20, line 3;
`
`e.g. Rush element 44 could be singularly used to mark a computer generated document as a rush
`
`document, or it could be combined with another element, such as To Do element 40, to indicate
`
`that something that is to be done, is to be done immediately, Confidential element 48 could be
`
`used to restrict access to documents so that when a document was marked with the confidential
`
`element, only users who entered a password would be able to read the document, documents
`
`marked with the Internal Report element 54 could be restricted to distribution only within a
`
`companyor an office, or Administration element 36, which could be used to mark items which
`
`are to be distributed to only a limited group of administrative people on a computer network). In
`
`view of KSR, 127 S. Ct. 1727 at 1742, 82 USPG2dat 1397 (2007), it would have been obvious to an
`
`artisan at the time of the invention to incorporate Small’s teaching with the teachings of
`
`Takahashi and Gourdolto provide a numberof additional and different types of elements in
`
`terms of its appearance and function.
`
`

`

`Application/Control Number: 11/889,685
`
`Art Unit: 2174
`
`Page 10
`
`Asper claim 23, the modified Takahashi teaches the tangible computer readable medium
`
`of claim 22 and further teaches intercepting items whenthe itemsare retrieved from a storage
`
`device and determining whether any of the intercepted items are secured (Takahashi: fig. 38; col.
`
`31 line 22 — col. 32, line 67; Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 1, line 51 — col. 2,line 4; col. 6, lines 7-53;
`
`col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line7).
`
`Asper claim 24, the modified Takahashi teaches the tangible computer readable medium
`
`of claim 23 and further teaches the client module is configured to operate in an operating system
`
`supporting the program (Takahashi: fig. 38; col. 26, lines 1-2; col. 31 line 22 — col. 32, line 67;
`
`OS of display 44; Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 1, line 51 — col. 2, line 4; col. 6, lines 7-53; col. 4,
`
`lines 7-29; col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line 7).
`
`Asper claim 25, the modified Takahashi teaches the tangible computer readable medium
`
`of claim 24 and further teaches determining security information associated with the at least one
`
`secured item wherein the security information includes information regarding the security level
`
`of the at least one secured item (Takahashi: fig. 38; col. 31 line 22 — col. 32, line 67; Gourdol:
`
`figs. 1-6b; col. 1, line 51 — col. 2, line 4; col. 6, lines 7-53; col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4, line 59 — col.
`
`5, line 7).
`
`Asper claim 26, the modified Takahashi teaches the tangible computer readable medium
`
`of claim 22 and further teaches that the default icon is associated with an executable program
`
`(Takahashi: fig. 38; col. 31 line 22 — col. 32, line 67; Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 1, line 51 — col. 2,
`
`line 4; col. 6, lines 7-53; col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line 7).
`
`Claims 14, 32 and 67 are individually similar in scope to claim 22 and are therefore
`
`rejected under similar rationale except for the feature of determining a security level comprises
`
`

`

`Application/Control Number: 11/889,685
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`Art Unit: 2174
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`Page 11
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`activating a client module in response to a determination that at least one of the items is secured,
`
`which the modified Takahashi also teaches (Takahashi: fig. 38; col. 31 lines 22-46; output
`
`provided by Web IMS16).
`
`Asper claim 15, the modified Takahashi teaches a method for graphically indicating
`
`secured items in a program for displaying contents in a selected place wherein there is an
`
`appropriate icon for the at least one of the secured items whentheat least one of the secured
`
`items is not secured and wherein said generating a superimposed icon comprises choosing an
`
`appropriate icon for the at least one of the secured items and superimposing the appropriate icon
`
`over the default icon associated with without losing original indications of the default icon
`
`(Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 1, line 51 —col. 2, line 4; col. 6, lines 7-53; col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4,
`
`line 59 — col. 5, line 7. Motivation to combine Gourdol is the same as that mentioned for claim
`
`1).
`
`Claims 18 and 19 in combinationis similar in scope to claim 22 and are therefore rejected
`
`under similar rationale.
`
`Asper claims 33 and 68, the modified Takahashi teaches the tangible computer medium
`
`of claim 32 and 67 respectively and further teaches an appropriate icon for the at least one of the
`
`secured items whenthe at least one of the secured items is not secured and wherein said
`
`generating a superimposed icon comprises choosing an appropriate icon for the at least one of
`
`the secured items and superimposing the appropriate icon over the default icon associated with
`
`without losing original indications of the default icon (Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 1, line 51 — col.
`
`2, line 4; col. 6, lines 7-53; col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line 7. Motivation to
`
`combine Gourdol is the same as that mentioned for claim 1).
`
`

`

`Application/Control Number: 11/889,685
`
`Art Unit: 2174
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`Page 12
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`Claim 36 is similar in scope to claim 22 andis therefore rejected under similar rationale.
`
`Claim 37 is similar in scope to claim 23 andis therefore rejected under similar rationale.
`
`Claim 38 is similar in scope to claim 24 andis therefore rejected under similar rationale.
`
`Asper claim 39, the modified Takahashi teaches the method of claim 38 and further
`
`teaches the client module is configured to operate in an operating system supporting the program
`
`(Takahashi: fig. 38; col. 26, lines 1-2; col. 31 line 22 — col. 32, line 67; OS of display 44;
`
`Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 1, line 51 — col. 2, line 4; col. 6, lines 7-53; col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4,line
`
`59 —col. 5, line 7).
`
`Asper claim 40, the modified Takahashi teaches the tangible computer readable medium
`
`of claim 39 and further teaches that the operating system comprises a graphic windowsoperating
`
`system and the program comprisesa utility configured to display contents of the storage device
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`(Takahashi: fig. 38; col. 26, lines 1-2; col. 30, lines 41-50; col. 31 line 22 — col. 32, line 67; OS
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`of display 44 capable of displaying document data in a window; Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 1, line
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`51 —col. 2, line 4; col. 6, lines 7-53; col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line 7).
`
`Claim 41 is similar in scope to claim 25 andis therefore rejected under similar rationale.
`
`Claim 43 is similar in scope to claim 26 andis therefore rejected under similar rationale.
`
`Claims 49 and 50 in combinationis similar in scope to claim 22 and are therefore rejected
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`under similar rationale except for the feature of determining a security level comprises activating
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`a client module in response to a determination that at least one of the items is secured, which the
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`modified Takahashi also teaches (Takahashi: fig. 38; col. 31 lines 22-46; output provided by
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`Web IMS16). The modified Takahashi does not explicitly disclose images that include a default
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`icon represents a corresponding non-secured item of a samefile type as a respective secured
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`item; however, such images are well knownin the art as taught by Gourdol(see figs. 1-6b in
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`conjunction with col. 4, lines 7-29 and col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line 7 of Gourdolet al.,
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`6,031,532).
`
`Claims 53 and 54 in combinationis similar in scope to claim 22 and are therefore rejected
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`under similar rationale.
`
`Claim 57 is similar in scope to claim | andis therefore rejected under similar rationale.
`
`Claim 58 is similar in scope to claim 2 andis therefore rejected under similar rationale.
`
`Claim 59 is similar in scope to claim 3 andis therefore rejected under similar rationale.
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`Claim 60is similar in scope to claim 6 andis therefore rejected under similar rationale.
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`Claim 61 is similar in scope to claim 8 andis therefore rejected under similar rationale.
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`8.
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`Claims 9-12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 27-30, 34, 35, 44-47, 51, 52, 55, 56, 62-65, 69 and 70 are
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`rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103(a) as being unpatentable over Takahashiet al. (“Takahashi’”, US
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`6,424,429 B1), Gourdolet al. (“Gourdol”, US 6,031,532), Small et al. “Small”, US 5898434 A)
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`and Goughetal. (’Gough”, US 5,638,501).
`
`Asper claim 9, the modified Takahashi teaches the method of claim 1. The modified
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`Takahashi does not explicitly disclose an icon that includes a visual object and a transparent
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`background. Goughteaches an icon that includes a visual object and a clear/transparent
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`background(fig. 4; col. 6, lines 50-56; claims 1, 9 and 14). In view of KSR, 127 S. Ct. 1727at 1742,
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`82 USPG2d at 1397 (2007), it would have been obviousto an artisan at the time of the invention to
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`incorporate Gough’s teaching with the teaching of the modified Takahashi so that users can see
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`more of a visual object and portions of a base image directly beneath the visual object given that
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`one may obscure the other.
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`Asper claim 10, the modified Takahashi teaches the methodof claim 9 and further
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`teaches said superimposing an appropriate icon corresponding to the security level over the
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`default icon comprises overlaying the visual object onto the default icon of the default icon such
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`that at least a portion of the default icon is visible (Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4,
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`line 59 — col. 5, line 7. Motivation to combine Gourdol is the same as that mentioned for claim
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`9).
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`Asper claim 11, the modified Takahashi teaches the method of claim 9 and further
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`teaches said superimposing comprises generating a superimposed icon including the default icon
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`with the visual object superimposed thereon suchthat at least a portion of the default icon is
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`visible (Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line 7. Motivation to
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`combine Gourdol is the same as that mentioned for claim 9),
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`Asper claim 12, the modified Takahashi teaches the method of claim 10 and further
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`teaches the default icon is associated with an executable program (Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 4,
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`lines 7-29; icons representing application program, document, stationary pad, query document,
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`etc. Motivation to combine Gourdolis the same as that mentioned for claim 9).
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`Asper claim 16, although the modified Takahashi teaches a methodfor graphically
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`indicating secured items in a program for displaying contents in a selected place wherein the
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`appropriate icon includesa visual object (Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 1, line 51 — col. 2, line 4; col.
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`6, lines 7-53; col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line 7. Motivation to combine Gourdolis
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`the same as that mentioned for claim 9), the modified Takahashi does not explicitly disclose an
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`icon that includes a visual object and a transparent background. Gough teaches an icon that
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`includes a visual object and a clear/transparent background(fig. 4; col. 6, lines 50-56; claims 1, 9
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`and 14). In view of KSR, 127 S. Ct. 1727 at 1742, 82 USPG2d at 1397 (2007), it would have been obvious
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`to an artisan at the time of the invention to incorporate Gough’s teaching with the teaching ofthe
`
`modified Takahashi so that users can see more of a visual object and portions of a base image
`
`directly beneath the visual object given that one may obscure the other.
`
`Asper claim 17, the modified Takahashi teaches a method for graphically indicating
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`secured items in a program for displaying contents in a selected place wherein said
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`superimposing the appropriate icon over the default icon comprises overlaying the visual object
`
`onto the default icon without obscuring the rest of the default icon (Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 1,
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`line 51 — col. 2, line 4; col. 6, lines 7-53; col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line 7;
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`superimposing comprising key overlaid on a default icon without obscuring the rest of the
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`default icon. Motivation to combine Gourdolis the same as that mentioned for claim 9),
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`Asper claims 20 and 55, although the modified Takahashi teachesanarticle of
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`manufacture and tangible computer readable medium for graphically indicating secured item(s)
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`in a program for displaying contents in a selected place wherein the appropriate icon includes a
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`visual object (Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 1, line 51 — col. 2, line 4; col. 6, lines 7-53; col. 4, lines 7-
`
`29; col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line 7. Motivation to combine Gourdol is the same as that mentioned
`
`for claim 9), the modified Takahashi does not explicitly disclose an icon that includes a visual
`
`object and a transparent background. Goughteachesan icon that includes a visual object and a
`
`clear/transparent background(fig. 4; col. 6, lines 50-56; claims 1, 9 and 14). In view of KSR, 127
`
`S. Ct. 1727 at 1742, 82 USPG2dat 1397 (2007), it would have been obviousto an artisan at the time of
`
`the invention to incorporate Gough’s teaching with the teaching of the modified Takahashi so
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`that users can see more of a visual object and portions of a base image directly beneath the visual
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`object given that one may obscure the other.
`
`Asper claims 21 and 56, the modified Takahashi teaches an article of manufacture and
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`tangible computer readable medium for graphically indicating secured item(s) in a program for
`
`displaying contents in a selected place wherein said superimposing an appropriate icon
`
`corresponding to the security level over the default icon comprises overlaying the visual object
`
`onto the default icon without obscuring the rest of the default icon (Gourdol: figs. 1-6b; col. 1,
`
`line 51 — col. 2, line 4; col. 6, lines 7-53; col. 4, lines 7-29; col. 4, line 59 — col. 5, line 7;
`
`superimposing comprising key overlaid on a default icon without obscuring the rest of the
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`default icon. Motivation to combine Gourdoli