Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 1 of 9 PageID# 10598
`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 1 of 9 Page|D# 10598
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`EXHIBIT G
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`EXHIBIT G
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`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 2 of 9 PageID# 10599
`Case 3:14-CV-00757-REP-DJN Document SMIIIIIMMMMWIITHIIIHIMMHIMIM “WMITOSQQ
`
`USOO7073054B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Kim et a].
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 7,073,054 B2
`Jul. 4, 2006
`
`(54) COMPUTER SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR
`ROOTING UP THE SAME
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors:
`
`Inasoo Kim. Seoul (KR): Kyung-young
`Kim. Suwon (KR)
`
`(73) Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co... Ltd..
`Suwon-Si (KR)
`
`(it v
`
`Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer. the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 373 days.
`
`(2]) App]. No.: 10/219,276
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Aug. 16, 2002
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2003/0126427 A]
`Jul. 3. 2003
`
`6.304.405 Bl “
`6.539.456 131*
`6.721.885 Bl “
`6.795.915 Bl "
`6.892.297 Bl “
`20040003223 A1
`200410064647 Al
`
`............ 360173.03
`10-2001 Asano et al.
`3.2003 Stewart
`................... 7 l l
`1 l3
`4-2004 Freeman et al.
`'
`
`.
`9.2004 Wang ................
`5-2005 Aguilar et al. ................. 7132
`[2004 Fonin et a1.
`4-2004 DeWhitt et a].
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`KR
`KR
`KR
`
`6-314177
`07-044325
`8-137622
`9-297659
`09-297659
`2000-173152
`0174711
`1999-4507779
`2001-53904
`
`|l=l994
`2:1995
`5-1996
`11:1997
`11:1997
`6-2000
`111998
`7: 1999
`7:2001
`
`0T1 IER PUBLICATIONS
`
`(30)
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`Copy ofan oflice action issued by the Japanese Patent Office
`on April 5. 2005 for a corresponding application.
`
`Jan. 3. 2002
`
`(KR)
`
`................................... 2002-273
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`G06F 15/177
`(52) U.S. (.‘l.
`.............................. 713/2: 713/12 713/100:
`713/191: 711/113
`(58) Field of Classification Search .................... 713/1.
`713/2. 100. 191: 711/113
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U .S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`.......... 713.-'l
`431994 Feigenbaum et a].
`5.307.497 A "‘
`710,58
`12.1996 Nakamumet a1.
`5.581.785 A
`5.860.083 A "‘ H999 Sukegawa ................... 7111103
`5.907.713 A
`51999 Chen et a1.
`6.073.232 A
`62000 Kroeker et :1].
`6195.217 B1
`22001 Park
`6.226.740 B1
`5200]
`Iga
`
`Primary Examineri'l'homas Lee
`Assistant EramineriVincent Tran
`
`(74) Attorney: Agent, or Firm Staas & Halsey LLP
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A computer system with a main memory is equipped with an
`HDD that has a disk and a driving motor driving the disk. 3
`non-volatile storage unit provided in the HDD storing
`therein a booting program of an operating system. and a
`control unit reading out the booting program stored in the
`non-volatile storage unit and loading the booting program
`onto the main memory before the driving motor reaches a
`normal speed as power is supplied to the computer system.
`With this configuration. there is provided a computer system
`capable of reducing the booting time of the HDD.
`
`19 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`TIE” To 11E SYSTDI
`
`

`

`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 3 of 9 PageID# 10600
`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 3 of 9 Page|D# 10600
`
`US. Patent
`
`Jul. 4. 2006
`
`Sheet 1 of3
`
`US 7,073,054 B2
`
`FIG.
`
`1
`
`

`

`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 4 of 9 PageID# 10601
`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 4 of 9 Page|D# 10601
`
`FIG. 2
`
`4:0
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`48
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`5‘
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`
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`49
`
`‘25
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`53
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`V——
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`47
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`_
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`52
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`SPINDLE MOTOR
`DRIVING UNIT
`
`MICRO
`COMPUTER
`
`44
`
`50 n; FLASH MEMORY
`
`45
`
`
`
`mama'S'fl
`
`
`
`9002‘17'lnf
`
`S.10Zmus
`
`
`
`Zfl17903101Sf]
`
`

`

`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 5 of 9 PageID# 10602
`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 5 of 9 Page|D# 10602
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 4, 2006
`
`Sheet 3 of 3
`
`US 7,073,054 82
`
`FIG. 3
`
`START
`
`1o,
`
`STORES AN OPERATING
`SYSTEM IN A DISK
`
`20
`
`30
`
`40
`
`STORES THE BOOTING
`PROGRAM IN A FLASH MEMORY
`
`POWER IS ON
`
`HOD IS INITIALIZED
`
`
`TRANSMITS THE BOOTING
`
`
`LOADS ONTO A MAIN MEMORY
`
`
`
`
`PROGRAM STORED IN THE FLASH
`MEMORY TO THE SYSTEM
`AND
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`
`
`
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`ASCERTAINS
`
`
`
`WHETHER THE SPINDLE
`
`
`
`MOTOR HAS REACHED ITS
`
`NOMAL SPEED
`
`
`
`YES
`
`READ PROGRAMS FROM
`
`70 ’V
`
`A DISK AND TRANSMIT
`
`THEM TO THE SYSTEM
`
`

`

`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 6 of 9 PageID# 10603
`Case 3:14-cv-OO757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 6 of 9 Page|D# 10603
`
`
`
`US 7,073,054 B2
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`
`
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`1
`COMPUTER SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR
`
`
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`BOOTING UP THE SAME
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`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`
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`APPLICATIONS
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`This application claims the benefit of Korean Application
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`No. 2002-273 filed Jan. 3, 2002, in the Korean Intellectual
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`Property Office,
`the disclosure of which is incorporated
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`herein by reference.
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`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
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`1. Field of the Invention
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`to computer
`The present
`invention relates in general
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`systems, and more particularly,
`to a computer system
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`installed with an HDD and a method for booting up the
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`same.
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`2. Description of the Related Art
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`Generally, to boot up a computer system, it takes time
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`from when power is supplied to the computer system to
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`when the computer system reaches an initial operating
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`environment for a user.
`In another words,
`if power is
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`supplied to a computer system, a central processing unit
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`(CPU) starts to perform a POST (power on self test) routine
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`by use of a BIOS (basic input output system). Thereafter,
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`peripheral units of the computer system are activated for
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`initialization and tests on the peripheral units are conducted.
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`Subsequently, a booting program stored in a booting block
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`of a hard disk drive (HDD) is loaded into a main memory.
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`The CPU brings and reads the loaded booting program in the
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`main memory, to thereby boot the computer system. There
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`is a tendency that the booting time of a computer system is
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`increased as an operating system of the computer system is
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`converted into a Windows system.
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`The booting time is increased in a conventional computer
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`system because it takes a long time to wake up the HDD. If
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`power is supplied to a computer system by a user, the POST
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`routine is performed to reset the HDD. At this time, the
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`firmware installed within the HDD conducts a self test and
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`then activates a spindle motor, which is a disk-driving motor
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`of the HDD. Once the revolution per minute (RPM) of the
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`spindle motor is at or beyond a proper predetermined
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`number, the booting block in the HDD through the BIOS is
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`read and loaded onto the main memory.
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`However, as time for the spindle motor to reach the proper
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`number of RPMs after reset of the HDD increases, time for
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`reading the booting block of the HDD through the BIOS
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`correspondingly increases, thereby resulting in extending
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`the booting time of the computer system.
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`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
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`An object of the present invention is to provide a com-
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`puter system in which booting time of an HDD is reduced.
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`Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be
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`set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part,
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`will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by
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`practice of the invention.
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`The present invention may be achieved by providing a
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`computer system comprising a main memory and an HDD,
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`the HDD comprising a disk and a driving motor driving the
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`disk, a non-volatile storage unit provided in the HDD and
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`storing therein a booting program of an operating system,
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`and a control unit reading the booting program stored in the
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`non-volatile storage unit and loading the booting program
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`10
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`15
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`20
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`25
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`30
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`35
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`40
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`45
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`60
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`65
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`2
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`into the main memory before the driving motor reaches its
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`normal speed as power is supplied to the computer system.
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`According to an aspect of the invention, the control unit
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`allows the booting program to be stored in the non-volatile
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`storage unit from the disk when installing the operating
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`system.
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`According to an aspect of the invention, the non-volatile
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`storage unit is a flash memory.
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`According to another embodiment, the present invention
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`may also be achieved by providing a method of booting up
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`a computer system comprising a main memory and an HDD,
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`the HDD comprising a disk and a driving motor driving the
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`disk, and a process of reading a booting program of an
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`operating system from the disk and storing the booting
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`program in a predetermined storage unit provided in the
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`HDD when installing the operating system on the disk of the
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`HDD; reading the stored booting program and loading the
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`booting program into the main memory before the driving
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`motor reaches its normal speed as power is supplied to the
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`computer system; and booting up the computer system with
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`the booting program loaded into the main memory.
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`According to an aspect of the invention, the storage unit
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`is a non-volatile storage unit provided in the HDD.
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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`These and other objects and advantages of the invention
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`will be more fully appreciated from the following descrip-
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`tion of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with
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`the accompanying drawings, in which:
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`FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a computer system
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`according to an embodiment of the present invention;
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`FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an HDD of the
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`computer system shown in FIG. 1; and
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`FIG. 3 is a flow chart explaining an operation of the
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`computer system shown in FIG. 1.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
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`PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
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`Reference will now be made in detail to the present
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`preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples
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`of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings,
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`wherein like reference numerals refer to the like elements
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`throughout. The embodiments are described below in order
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`to explain the present invention by referring to the figures.
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`Referring to FIG. 1, which is a block diagram showing a
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`computer system 15 according to an embodiment of the
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`present
`invention,
`the computer system 15 comprises a
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`central processing unit (CPU) 10 controlling the system, a
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`ROM BIOS 20 storing a BIOS therein, a main memory 30
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`which is a main storage unit, and an HDD 40, which is used
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`as an auxiliary storage unit. The CPU 10, the ROM BIOS 20,
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`and the main memory 30 are examples of other system
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`components 16 of the computer system 15 and are in
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`communication with the HDD 40 via a system bus 25. All
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`software, including an operating system for the computer
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`system, can be executed only after the software are loaded
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`into the main memory 30 and read by the CPU 10. However,
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`size of the main memory 30 is generally limited, and thus,
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`most application programs and data are stored in the auxil-
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`iary storage unit, that is, the HDD 40. The programs and data
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`stored in the HDD 40 are loaded onto the main memory 30
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`and then executed.
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`Referring to FIG. 2, which is a block diagram of the HDD
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`40 according to the present
`invention,
`the HDD 40 is
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`equipped with a head 41, a disk 42, a spindle motor 43, a
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`

`

`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 7 of 9 PageID# 10604
`Case 3:14-cv-OO757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 7 of 9 Page|D# 10604
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`US 7,073,054 B2
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`3
`microcomputer 44 controlling the HDD 40, a non-volatile
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`storage unit/memory, such as flash memory 45, and a ROM
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`50.
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`The head 41 is installed on an arm 46 extended from an
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`arm assembly 53 of a voice coil motor (not shown). The
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`head 41 is located above a surface of the disk 42, recording
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`and reproducing data.
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`The disk 42 is installed on a driving shaft of the spindle
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`motor 43 which is a driving motor driving the disk 42, and
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`each surface of the disk 42 corresponds with the head 41.
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`Accordingly, if a control signal
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`motor driving unit 52 from the microcomputer 44 provided
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`in the HDD 40, the spindle motor driving unit 52 activates
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`the spindle motor 43 in response to the control signal from
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`the microcomputer 44. Conventionally, the disk 42 is com-
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`trically, and a booting block formed on the tracks store a
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`booting program of an operating system. Also, the disk 42
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`includes a parking zone in which the head resides when the
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`HDD 40 is not in use.
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`A preamplifier (Pre-Amp) 47 is, as shown in FIG. 2,
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`provided adjacent to the head 41 so as to reduce distortion
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`of a signal due to noise. In case of reading data from the disk
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`42,
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`picked up by the head 41 and supplies the amplified signal
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`to a read/write channel circuit 48. Also, in case of writing
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`data to the disk, the preamplifier 47 transmits to the head 41
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`encoded write data supplied from the read/write channel
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`circuit 48 and records the encoded write data on the disk 42.
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`When reading from the disk 42, the read/write channel
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`circuit 48 decodes the read signal supplied from the pream-
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`plifier 47 to thereby generate the read data and then transmits
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`the read data to a disk data controller 49 (hereinafter referred
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`to as “DDC”). When writing to the disk 42, the read/write
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`channel circuit 48 encodes data supplied from the DDC 49
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`and supplies the encoded data to the preamplifier 47. The
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`DDC 49 interfaces communications between the other sys-
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`tem components 16 of the computer system 15 and the
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`microcomputer 44 of the HDD 40 through the system bus
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`25.
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`The DDC 49 records the data received from the other
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`system components 16 of the computer system 15 on the
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`disk 42 through the read/write channel circuit 48 and the
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`preamplifier 47, or transmits the data reproduced from the
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`disk 42 to the other system components 16.
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`The microcomputer 44 controls the HDD 40. The micro-
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`computer 44 controls the DDC 49 in response to a command
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`of reading and writing the data received from the other
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`system components 16 hosting the microcomputer 44, and
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`controls track search and track trace of the disk 42. There-
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`fore, the microcomputer 44 controls the DDC 49 to store the
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`booting program in the booting block of the disk 42 when
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`the operating system is installed, and then store the booting
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`program in the flash memory 45. The microcomputer 44 can
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`determine whether the spindle motor 43 has reached its
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`normal speed when the system is booted up. In a case where
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`the microcomputer 44 determines that the spindle motor 43
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`has not reached its normal speed, the booting program stored
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`in the flash memory 45 is transmitted to the other system
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`components 16 through the system bus 25 and then loaded
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`onto the main memory 30. Here, a control program for the
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`microcomputer 44 is stored in the ROM 50.
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`A buffer RAM 51 connected to the DDC 49 can tempo-
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`rarily store therein the data transmitted between the disk 42
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`and the other system components 16 under control of the
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`DDC 49 to thereby increase transmission efliciency.
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`10
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`25
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`60
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`4
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`The flash memory 45 stores therein the booting program.
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`Flash memory 45 size may vary depending upon size of the
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`booting program of the operating system. The flash memory
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`45 can be a non-volatile memory, for which the booting
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`program can be stored in a safe manner even if power of the
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`computer system 15 is abruptly turned off.
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`Referring to FIG. 3, an operation of the computer system
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`15 equipped with the HDD 40 along with the configuration
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`as described so far will be described. At operation 10, if an
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`operating system is installed as power is applied to the
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`computer system 15, the microcomputer 44 stores the oper-
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`ating system program in a specified block on the disk 42
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`according to a control signal from the other system compo-
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`nents 16. Of the stored/installed operating system program,
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`any portion relevant to booting of the computer system 15 is
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`stored in a booting block on the disk 42. The microcomputer
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`44 determines whether the booting program is stored in the
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`flash memory 45. Because the microcomputer 44 is capable
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`of locating the booting block of the disk 42, in a case where
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`the booting program is not stored in the flash memory 45, at
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`operation 20,
`the microcomputer 44 stores the booting
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`program, stored in the disk 42 during the installation of the
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`operating system,
`in the flash memory 45. The booting
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`program stored in the flash memory 45 is not changed as
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`long as the booting program of the operating system is not
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`changed. If the booting program of the operating system is
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`changed,
`the microcomputer 44 can update the booting
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`program stored in the flash memory 45.
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`At operation 30, when power is supplied to the computer
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`system 15 after the booting program is stored in the flash
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`memory 45, at operation 40 the HDD 40 is first initialized
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`by the ROM BIOS 20. Accordingly, the microcomputer 44
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`reads the booting program stored in the flash memory 45 and
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`transmits the read booting program to the other system
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`components 16 through the system bus 25, and then at
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`operation 50 the booting program is loaded into the main
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`memory 30.
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`In a conventional computer system, when a conventional
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`HDD is initialized after power is applied to the computer
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`system, a spindle motor (not shown) inherently installed in
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`the conventional HDD is driven. After the spindle motor
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`reaches its normal speed, a microcomputer (not shown)
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`reads the booting program from a disk (not shown) and
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`transmits the booting program to the computer system,
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`thereby booting up the computer system. However, in the
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`computer system 15 according to the present invention,
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`since the booting program to be read from the disk 42 has
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`been stored in a flash memory 45 provided inside the HDD
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`40, the user does not need to wait until the spindle motor 43
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`of the HDD 40 reaches its normal speed, thereby shortening
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`the booting time of the computer system 15. More particu-
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`larly, because in case of Windows operating systems booting
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`times tend to be long and HDD wake up times further
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`increase the booting times, bypassing HDD wake up times
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`advantageously helps shorten the booting times in case of
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`Windows operating systems. More particularly, at operation
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`60, the microcomputer 44 determines whether the spindle
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`motor 43 has reached its normal speed. At operation 60,
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`when the spindle motor 43 reaches its normal speed, at
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`operation 70 the microcomputer 44 reads any other neces-
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`sary programs and data from the disk 42 and transmits them
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`to the other system components 16 of the computer system
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`15.
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`With this configuration, the computer system 15 accord-
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`ing to the present invention enables the time consumed in
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`reading the booting program after power is supplied to the
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`computer system to be innovatively reduced. More particu-
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`

`

`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 8 of 9 PageID# 10605
`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 8 of 9 Page|D# 10605
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`US 7,073,054 B2
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`5
`larly, as described above, to boot up the computer system 15
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`quicker than the conventional computer system, a booting
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`program is stored in the flash memory 45 and the booting
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`program stored in the flash memory 45 is transmitted to the
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`other system components 16 of the computer system 15
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`through the system bus 25 before the spindle motor 43
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`reaches its normal speed, thereby allowing the booting time
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`to be shortened. As described above, according to the
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`present invention a computer system capable of reducing the
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`booting time of the HDD is provided.
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`In an embodiment with regard to the computer system
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`according to the present invention, the flash memory has
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`been described to be a non-volatile storage unit as a way of
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`example. However, the present invention can be applied to
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`a storage unit as long as it can retain the contents stored
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`therein although power is abruptly off.
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`In an embodiment with regard to the computer system
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`according to the present invention, the spindle motor has
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`been described to be a driving motor of the disk as a way of
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`example. However, the present invention can also be applied
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`to a different motor installed with a disk.
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`Although the preferred embodiment of the present inven-
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`those
`tion has been disclosed for illustrative purposes,
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`skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications,
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`additions and substitutions are possible, without departing
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`from the scope and spirit of the invention, the scope which
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`is defined in the claims and their equivalents.
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`What is claimed is:
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`1. A computer system, comprising:
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`a main memory; and
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`a disk drive in communication with the main memory and
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`comprising:
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`a driving motor driving a disk of the disk drive;
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`a non-volatile storage unit storing a booting program of
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`an operating system; and
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`a control unit reading the booting program stored in the
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`non-volatile storage unit and loading the booting
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`program onto the main memory before the driving
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`motor reaches a normal speed as power is supplied to
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`the computer system.
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`2. The computer system according to claim 1, wherein the
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`control unit stores the booting program in the non-volatile
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`storage unit from the disk when installing the operating
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`system.
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`3. The computer system according to claim 1, wherein the
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`non-volatile storage unit is a flash memory.
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`4. A method of booting up a computer system, compris-
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`ing:
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`reading a booting program of an operating system from a
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`disk of the disk drive;
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`storing the booting program in a predetermined storage
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`unit in the disk drive when installing an operating
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`system on the disk of the disk drive;
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`reading the stored booting program and loading the boot-
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`ing program onto a main memory of the computer
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`system before a driving motor of the disk drive reaches
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`a normal speed as power is supplied to the computer
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`system; and
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`booting up the computer system with the booting program
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`loaded onto the main memory.
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`5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the storage
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`unit is a non-volatile storage unit.
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`6. A computer system, comprising:
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`a main memory; and
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`a disk drive in communication with the main memory and
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`comprising:
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`6
`a driving motor driving a disk of the disk drive;
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`a storage unit storing a booting program of the com-
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`puter system; and
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`a control unit loading the booting program stored in the
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`storage unit into the main memory before the driving
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`motor reaches abnormal speed when power is sup-
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`plied to the computer system.
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`7. The computer system of claim 6, wherein the storage
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`unit is non-volatile.
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`8. The computer system of claim 7, wherein the non-
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`volatile storage unit is flash memory.
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`9. The computer system of claim 6, wherein the control
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`unit updates the booting program stored in the storage unit.
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`10. The computer system of claim 6, wherein the control
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`unit stores the booting program in the storage unit during
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`installation of an operating system for the computer system.
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`11. A computer hard disk drive having a disk, comprising:
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`a driving motor driving the disk;
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`a storage unit storing a booting program of a computer
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`system controlling the disk drive;
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`a controller in communication with the computer system
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`and transmitting the booting program to the computer
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`system before the driving motor reaches a normal speed
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`when power is supplied to the computer system.
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`12. The computer hard disk drive of claim 11, wherein the
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`storage unit is nonvolatile.
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`13. The computer hard disk drive of claim 12, wherein the
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`non-volatile storage unit is flash memory.
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`14. The computer hard disk drive of claim 12, wherein the
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`controller updates the booting program stored in the storage
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`unit.
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`15. The computer hard disk drive of claim 14, wherein the
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`controller stores the booting program on the disk and the
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`controller updates the booting program in the storage unit
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`responsive to changes in the booting program stored on the
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`disk.
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`16. The computer hard disk drive of claim 12, wherein the
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`controller stores the booting program in the storage unit
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`during installation of an operating system for the computer
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`system on the disk of the disk drive.
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`17. The computer hard disk drive of claim 16, wherein the
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`controller installs the operating system on the disk of the
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`disk drive responsive to commands from the computer
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`system.
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`18. A controller controlling a computer-system hard disk
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`drive having a disk and in communication with other com-
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`ponents of the computer system, the controller storing a
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`process of:
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`storing a booting program in a memory in the hard disk
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`drive; and
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`loading the booting program into a main memory of the
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`computer system before a driving motor driving the
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`disk of the hard disk drive reaches a normal speed as
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`power is supplied to the computer system.
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`19. The controller of claim 18, wherein the process further
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`comprises:
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`storing the booting program of the computer system on
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`the disk of the hard disk drive responsive to commands
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`from the other components of the computer system; and
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`updating the booting program in the memory from the
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`disk.
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`10
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`15
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`20
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`25
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`30
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`35
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`40
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`45
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`50
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`55
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`60
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`65
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`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Page 9 of 9 PageID# 10606
`Case 3:14-cv-00757-REP-DJN Document 81-7 Filed 04/10/15 Pae 9 of 9 Pa e|D# 10606
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION
`
`PATENT NO.
`APPLICATION NO.
`
`: 7,073,054 B2
`: 10/219276
`
`DATED
`INVENTOR(S)
`
`: July 4, 2006
`: ln-soo Kim et :1].
`
`Page 1 of 1
`
`It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent is
`hereby corrected as shown below:
`
`Column 6, Line 6, change “abnormal" to —-a normal-—.
`
`Column 6, Line 27, change “nonvolatile." to --non-volatile--.
`
`Signed and Sealed this
`
`Sixteenth Day of January, 2007
`
`w W)»
`
`JON W. DUDAS
`Director offhe United States Patent and Trademark Office
`
`