`
`IN THE
`UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
`FOR THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT
`
`
`
`
`Plaintiffs-Appellants,
`
`
`
`
`No. 20-1074
`
`
`Amgen Inc., Amgen Manufacturing,
`Limited, Amgen USA, Inc.,
`
`
` v.
`
`
`Sanofi, Aventisub LLC, fka Aventis
`Pharmaceuticals Inc., Regeneron
`Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sanofi-Aventis
`U.S. LLC,
`
`
`Defendants-Appellees.
`
`
`
`PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS’ OPPOSITION TO THE
`MOTION OF STANLEY D. LIANG TO SUBMIT A
`BRIEF AS AMICUS CURIAE IN SUPPPORT OF APPELLEES
`Plaintiffs-appellants Amgen Inc., Amgen Manufacturing, Limited, and Am-
`
`gen USA, Inc. (collectively, “Amgen”) hereby oppose the motion of Stanley D.
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`Liang—a lawyer who has long represented defendant-appellee Regeneron Pharma-
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`ceuticals in other matters—for leave to file an amicus curiae brief in support of his
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`client in this case. Amgen regrets that the issue has come to motions practice. It is
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`not the practice of undersigned counsel to oppose amicus participation. Amgen
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`consented to the other amicus briefs filed in this case. And Amgen repeatedly of-
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`fered to consent to Mr. Liang’s amicus brief if he disclosed the matters on which
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`he represents appellee Regeneron.
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 2 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`Although Mr. Liang initially agreed and stated that he had Regeneron’s con-
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`sent to disclose those matters, he then attempted to file an amicus brief without the
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`disclosures, without consent, and without a motion for leave. And despite his ear-
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`lier agreement, Mr. Liang now says that “[t]hose matters are confidential and can-
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`not be disclosed.” Mr. Liang’s proposed amicus brief, moreover, closely resem-
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`bles a non-public filing by appellees in foreign proceedings involving an Amgen
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`patent, escalating concerns about his independence. Raising factual arguments that
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`are typically the domain of experts, Mr. Liang’s proposed brief, in substance,
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`amounts to a 6,183-word, post-trial effort to present unsworn testimony that Am-
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`gen has had no opportunity to conduct discovery on, cross-examine, or fairly re-
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`spond to. The assertions were not presented to the jury, which rendered a verdict
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`upholding the validity of the claims at issue in this appeal. Nor were they pre-
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`sented to the district court, and thus formed no part of its JMOL decision. Mr.
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`Liang should not be permitted to file what is, in effect, a second brief for appellees
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`that adds new factual assertions, non-expert opinions, and scientific theories. The
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`motion should be denied.
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`BACKGROUND
`
`This appeal arises from a district-court decision overturning a jury verdict
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`following a week-long trial. At trial, Sanofi-Regeneron had urged that the selected
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`claims of Amgen’s patents—U.S. Patent Nos. 8,829,165 and 8,859,741—were not
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`2
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 3 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`enabled. The jury rejected that contention. The district court overturned that ver-
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`dict and granted judgment as a matter of law.
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`1.
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`Shortly before appellees Sanofi and Regeneron filed their response
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`brief in this appeal, attorney Stanley Liang emailed Amgen’s counsel, asking if
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`Amgen would consent to his filing “an amicus brief supporting Regeneron and Sa-
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`nofi” in this case. Ex. A at 4. When Amgen asked if Mr. Liang would be filing on
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`behalf of a client, or whether he was the amicus himself, Mr. Liang responded that
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`the brief would be on his own behalf, as “a patent attorney with a technical back-
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`ground in this area.” Id. (emphasis added).
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`Because the request seemed unusual, Amgen asked whether Mr. Liang rep-
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`resented one of the parties. Ex. A at 3. Mr. Liang stated that “Regeneron has been
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`a client for the past 5 or 6 years.” Id. Amgen told Mr. Liang that it “will consent
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`to the filing of [his] amicus brief” nonetheless “on the condition that [Mr. Liang]
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`disclose that Regeneron has been [his] client for the past 5-6 years, and that [he]
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`disclose the matters on which [he] represented Regeneron.” Id. Mr. Liang later re-
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`plied that “Regeneron has consented to [his] disclosing such information.” Id. at
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`2 (emphasis added). Mr. Liang confirmed that he “[u]nderstood” Amgen was con-
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`ditioning consent, and confirmed that Amgen wanted the disclosures made in the
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`brief itself. Id.
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`
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`3
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 4 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`2.
`
`On June 5, Mr. Liang filed his amicus brief “in support of Regeneron
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`Pharmaceuticals.” Doc. 81. In the Rule 29 Statement, Mr. Liang stated that,
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`“while I am counsel for Party Regeneron on other matters, I am not counsel in the
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`present matter.” Id. at 1. Mr. Liang did not disclose the matters on which he had
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`represented Regeneron, despite his email exchanges with Amgen. As this Court
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`noted in its Notice of Non-Compliance, the brief neither “state[d] that all parties
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`have consented to its filing” nor included a motion for “leave of court.” Doc. 86 at
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`1 (citing Fed. R. App. P. 29(a) and Fed. Cir. R. 29(c)).
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`After this Court issued the Notice of Non-Compliance, Amgen again
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`reached out to Mr. Liang. Amgen reiterated that it would consent to the filing so
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`long as Mr. Liang (1) disclosed in the brief that Regeneron had been his client for
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`the last 5-6 years, and (2) identified the matters in which he represents or has rep-
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`resented Regeneron. Ex. A at 1. Despite having just represented that “Regeneron
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`has consented to [his] disclosing such information,” id. at 2, this time Mr. Liang
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`changed tact, urging that “[t]hose matters are confidential and cannot be dis-
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`closed,” id. at 1.
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`Mr. Liang’s motion for leave likewise represents that the matters “are confi-
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`dential.” Doc. 95-2 at 1. It does not mention Mr. Liang’s prior representation that
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`Regeneron had consented to his disclosure of those matters. It does not mention
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`that Mr. Liang seeks to be an amicus based on his status as “a patent attorney with
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`4
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 5 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`a technical background.” Ex. A at 4. Instead, it states that his “estimate of the
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`number of species in the claimed genus would be helpful to the Court.” Doc. 95-2
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`at 2. Consistent with that, Mr. Liang’s proposed brief purports to provide an esti-
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`mate “using three methods.” Doc. 95-3 at 5.1 Mr. Liang, however, cites no place
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`where those arguments, or the evidence necessary to support those arguments,
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`were presented to the jury below. He thus does not explain how his views relate to
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`whether “any reasonable juror was required to find that Sanofi-Regeneron estab-
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`lished non-enablement by clear-and-convincing evidence” at trial. Amgen Br. 4.
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`ARGUMENT
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`“There is no right of nonparties generally to submit an amicus brief.” 16AA
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`Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure §3975
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`(4th ed.). Rather, “[w]hether to permit a nonparty to submit a brief, as amicus
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`curiae, is . . . a matter of judicial grace.” Nat’l Org. for Women, Inc. v. Scheidler,
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`223 F.3d 615, 616 (7th Cir. 2000) (collecting cases). Amgen nonetheless would
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`oppose the filing of such a brief—and would urge the Court to deny leave—only in
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`highly unusual circumstances. Those circumstances are present here.
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`1. Mr. Liang’s motion for leave raises significant concerns about his in-
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`dependence from appellees. “The term ‘amicus curiae’ means friend of the court,
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`1 These purported methods are “The Formation Method,” “The Substitution Meth-
`od,” and “The Functional Method.” Doc. 95-3 at 18-19.
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`
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`5
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 6 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`not friend of a party.” Ryan v. CFTC, 125 F.3d 1062, 1063 (7th Cir. 1997)
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`(Posner, J., in chambers). While courts obviously do not require amici to be whol-
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`ly “‘impartial,’” amicus briefs should not “serv[e] as a mere conduit for the views
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`of one of the parties.” Wright & Miller, supra, §3975.
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`In this case, Mr. Liang is an attorney who has represented appellee Regener-
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`on “for the past 5 or 6 years.” Ex. A at 3. He does not seek to file an amicus brief
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`for another client who also happens to support Regeneron. Mr. Liang purports to
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`file the amicus brief on his own behalf as “a patent attorney.” Id. at 4. While Mr.
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`Liang’s brief asserts that he is “keenly interested in this Court’s decisions on patent
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`validity requirements,” Doc. 95-3 at 2, his brief does not address validity require-
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`ments or this Court’s precedents. Instead, his brief offers a series of mathematical
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`calculations that purport to estimate the number of species in the claimed genus in
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`this case. See id. at 17-31.
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`Mr. Liang’s proposed submission thus is not an amicus brief in any normal
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`sense. It is highly unusual that a party’s lawyer present himself as “amicus curiae”
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`to advocate the party’s arguments on the merits.2 Amgen nonetheless offered to
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`consent to Mr. Liang’s amicus brief so long as he disclosed his representation of
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`Regeneron for 5-6 years and identified the matters in which he represented Regen-
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`2 Indeed, while Mr. Liang’s corrected brief purports to be filed “in support of Ap-
`pellees,” Doc. 95-3, the brief he originally filed was only “in support of Regeneron
`Pharmaceuticals,” Doc. 81—his longstanding client.
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`
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`6
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 7 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`eron. Ex. A at 1, 3. That would have allowed the Court to assess the full extent of
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`Mr. Liang’s relationship with Regeneron and his credibility as an amicus curiae.
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`And it would have allowed Amgen to examine, for example, whether Mr. Liang’s
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`submission reflected views that Regeneron had compensated him to develop. De-
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`spite representing to Amgen that “Regeneron has consented to [his] disclosing
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`such information,” id. at 2 (emphasis added), Mr. Liang has rejected Amgen’s of-
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`fer of consent and refused the requested disclosures because, he now says, “[t]hose
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`matters are confidential and cannot be disclosed,” id. at 1 (emphasis added).
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`Perhaps worse still, Mr. Liang’s brief parrots, almost verbatim, opinion and
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`mathematical calculations about a particular antibody (12H11) submitted by appel-
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`lees in another (foreign) lawsuit between the parties.3 The pleadings and evidence
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`from the foreign case are not available from a public docket, which suggests that
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`Mr. Liang was not in any sense independent in the preparation of his amicus brief.
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`It strains credulity to think that Mr. Liang would have chosen—through chance—
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`to undertake the same analysis of the very same 12H11 antibody as appellees did
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`in the foreign proceeding, out of dozens of concrete antibodies Amgen disclosed in
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`3 In the foreign proceeding related to Amgen’s European patent, EP 2,215,124,
`which contains claims that differ materially from those at issue here, Sanofi-
`Regeneron purported to calculate the “possible permutations” using “the heavy
`chain of [the antibody] 12H11 as an example.” Ex. B at 32, ¶140. Mr. Liang’s
`purported amicus brief makes precisely the same argument and reaches precisely
`the same result. Doc. 95-3 at 23-25.
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`
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`7
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 8 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`its patents. Worse yet, no such calculation was offered by appellees in this case,
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`and the antibody 12H11, which was added to Amgen’s patents after the priority
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`date, was not discussed by either party at trial. Instead, Mr. Liang appears to be re-
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`peating appellees’ positions from other cases, “in effect merely extending the
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`length of the [appellees’] brief.” Ryan, 125 F.3d at 1063.
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`2.
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`The substance of Mr. Liang’s brief independently justifies denial of
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`his motion for leave. This Court must decide whether “any reasonable juror was
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`required to find that Sanofi-Regeneron established non-enablement by clear-and-
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`convincing evidence” at the trial. Amgen Br. 4. The questions he purports to ad-
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`dress are matters for expert opinion—“(i) the theoretical size of the claim[ed] ge-
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`nus; (ii) the members of the claimed genus that, according to the ’165 Patent, a per-
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`son of ordinary skill in the art would be likely to consider; and (iii) the number of
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`classes of antibodies that must be tested to determine actual members of the
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`claimed genus.” Doc. 95-3 at 17-18. Mr. Liang purports to provide hard numbers
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`of “potential genus members” for each calculation method he employs. Id. at 18-
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`19. But the experts Sanofi-Regeneron brought to trial, including Dr. Boyd, did not
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`present any of the theories Mr. Liang purports to apply, or any of the numbers he
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`offers.4 Mr. Liang’s brief is entirely devoid of citation to their testimony or the
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`4 Mr. Liang’s arguments under his purported “Substitution Method” differ
`dramatically from the far more limited arguments Sanofi-Regeneron’s Dr. Boyd
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`8
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 9 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`trial record. His views have never been subjected to the usual safeguards for
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`admissibility or tested through cross-examination. This Court should not grant
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`leave for Mr. Liang to file what is, in effect, supplemental appellate testimony
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`offering pseudo-scientific argument of a non-expert attorney without foundation in
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`the record of this case.
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`“Such amicus briefs should not be allowed. They are an abuse.” Ryan, 125
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`F.3d at 1063; see also United States v. Ackerman, 831 F.3d 1292, 1299 (10th Cir.
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`2016) (purposes of amicus curiae briefs “don’t include . . . unilaterally expanding
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`the word limits established by rule for a favored party”); Sciotto v. Marple
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`Newtown Sch. Dist., 70 F. Supp. 2d 553, 556 (E.D. Pa. 1999) (denying amicus
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`participation where “the petitioner is better characterized as ‘amicus reus,’ or
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`friend of the defendant, than amicus curiae”); Liberty Lincoln Mercury, Inc. v.
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`Ford Mktg. Corp., 149 F.R.D. 65, 82 (D.N.J. 1993) (“When the party seeking to
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`appear as amicus curiae is perceived to be an interested party or to be an advocate
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`of one of the parties to the litigation, leave to appear amicus curiae should be
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`denied.”).
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`3.
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`Rule 29 requires amici to show “why an amicus brief is desirable and
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`why the matters asserted are relevant to the disposition of the case.” Fed. R. App.
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`presented at trial concerning “conservative substitutions.” Compare Doc. 95-3 at
`23-29, with Amgen Br. 42-49 (discussing and citing Dr. Boyd’s testimony).
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`9
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 10 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`P. 29(a)(3)(B). Mr. Liang’s calculations are legally irrelevant and, instead, are an
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`improper attempt to supplement the record on appeal with evidence that the jury
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`never heard; that the trial court has not examined for admissibility under traditional
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`standards; that is without evidentiary foundation; and that has never been subjected
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`to the crucible of cross-examination. Mr. Liang’s brief is thus not the argument of
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`an amicus curiae. It is 6,183 words of “‘unsworn’” post-trial “‘testimony’”
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`without any of the safeguards applicable to such matters. New York v. Microsoft
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`Corp., No. Civ.A. 98-1233 CKK, 2002 WL 31628215, at *1 (D.D.C. Nov. 14,
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`2002). The Court should not allow Mr. Liang to supplement the trial record while
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`avoiding the evidentiary safeguards provided by a trial court.
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`10
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 11 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`
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`June 19, 2020
`
`
`Stuart L. Watt
`Wendy A. Whiteford
`Erica S. Olson
`Steven D. Tang
`Emily C. Johnson
`AMGEN, INC.
`One Amgen Center Drive
`Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
`(805) 447-1000 (telephone)
`(805) 447-1090 (fax)
`swatt@amgen.com
`
`Keith R. Hummel
`CRAVATH, SWAINE & MOORE
` LLP
`Worldwide Plaza
`825 Eighth Avenue
`New York, NY 10019-7475
`(212) 474-1000 (telephone)
`(212) 474-3700 (fax)
`khummel@cravath.com
`
`William G. Gaede, III
`MCDERMOTT WILL & EMERY LLP
`275 Middlefield Road, Suite 100
`Menlo Park, CA 94025
`(650) 815-7400 (telephone)
`(650) 815-7401 (fax)
`wgaede@mwe.com
`
`
`
`
`
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`Respectfully submitted,
`
`
`
`/s/ Jeffrey A. Lamken
`Jeffrey A. Lamken
` Counsel of Record
`Michael G. Pattillo, Jr.
`Sarah J. Newman
`MOLOLAMKEN LLP
`The Watergate, Suite 500
`600 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W.
`Washington, D.C. 20037
`(202) 556-2000 (telephone)
`(202) 556-2001 (fax)
`jlamken@mololamken.com
`
`Sara Margolis
`MOLOLAMKEN LLP
`430 Park Avenue, Floor 6
`New York, NY 10022
`(212) 607-8160 (telephone)
`(212) 607-8161 (fax)
`smargolis@mololamken.com
`
`Lauren Martin
`QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART &
` SULLIVAN, LLP
`111 Huntington Ave., Suite 520
`Boston, MA 02199
`(617) 712-7100 (telephone)
`(617) 712-7200 (fax)
`laurenmartin@quinnemanuel.com
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 12 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`Christopher B. Mead
`SCHERTLER ONORATO MEAD &
` SEARS LLP
`901 New York Avenue, NW
`Suite 500 West
`Washington, DC 20001
`(202) 628-4199 (telephone)
`(202) 628-4177 (fax)
`cmead@schertlerlaw.com
`
`Sarah C. Columbia
`MCDERMOTT WILL & EMERY LLP
`200 Clarendon Street, Floor 58
`Boston, MA 02116
`(617) 535-4074 (telephone)
`(617) 535-3800 (fax)
`scolumbia@mwe.com
`
`Melanie K. Sharp
`James L. Higgins
`YOUNG CONAWAY STARGATT &
` TAYLOR, LLP
`1000 North King Street
`Wilmington, DE 19801
`(302) 571-6600 (telephone)
`(302) 576-3333 (fax)
`msharp@ycst.com
`
`
`
`Counsel for Amgen Inc., Amgen Manufacturing, Limited,
`and Amgen USA Inc.
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 13 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`FORM 9. Certificate of Interest
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` Form 9
` Rev. 10/17
`UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT
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`Amgen Inc., et al.
`Sanofi, et al.
`
`
` v.
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`20-1074
`Case No.
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`CERTIFICATE OF INTEREST
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`Counsel for the:
`(cid:133) (petitioner) (cid:133) (appellant) (cid:133) (respondent) (cid:133) (appellee) (cid:133) (amicus) (cid:133) (name of party)
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`certifies the following (use “None” if applicable; use extra sheets if necessary):
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`2. Name of Real Party in interest
`(Please only include any real party
`in interest NOT identified in
`Question 3) represented by me is:
`None
`None
`None
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`3. Parent corporations and
`publicly held companies
` that own 10% or more of
`stock in the party
`None
`Amgen Inc.
`Amgen Inc.
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`Amgen Inc.
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`Amgen Manufacturing, Limited
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`Amgen USA, Inc.
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`4. The names of all law firms and the partners or associates that appeared for the party or amicus now
`represented by me in the trial court or agency or are expected to appear in this court (and who have not
`or will not enter an appearance in this case) are:
`Please see attached.
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`1. Full Name of Party
`Represented by me
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 14 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`FORM 9. Certificate of Interest
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` Form 9
` Rev. 10/17
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`5. The title and number of any case known to counsel to be pending in this or any other court or agency
`that will directly affect or be directly affected by this court’s decision in the pending appeal. See Fed. Cir.
`R. 47. 4(a)(5) and 47.5(b). (The parties should attach continuation pages as necessary).
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`None.
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`6/19/2020
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` Date
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`Please Note: All questions must be answered
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`All counsel by ECF
`cc:
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`/s/ Jeffrey A. Lamken
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`Signature of counsel
`Jeffrey A. Lamken
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`Printed name of counsel
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`Reset Fields
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 15 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`CERTIFICATE OF INTEREST
`Appellants Amgen Inc., Amgen Manufacturing, Limited, and Amgen USA,
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`Inc. (collectively “Amgen”) state that the following partners or associates have
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`appeared on their behalf before the district court or are expected to appear in this
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`Court:
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`From Young Conaway Stargatt & Taylor LLP: Melanie K. Sharp, James
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`L. Higgins, and Michelle M. Ovanesian.1
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`From McDermott Will & Emery LLP: William G. Gaede, III, Sarah C.
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`Columbia, K. Nicole Clouse, Mandy H. Kim, Bhanu K. Sadasivan, David L.
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`Larson, Rebecca Harker Duttry, Eric W. Hagen, Terry W. Ahearn, Shane G.
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`Smith, Michael V. O’Shaughnessy, Esther E. Lin, and Evan Boetticher.2
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`From Schertler & Onorato, LLP: Christopher B. Mead.
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`From Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP: Keith R. Hummel, David N.
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`Greenwald, Lauren A. Moskowitz, Andrei Harasymiak, Geoffrey G. Hu,
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`Sharonmoyee Goswami, and Amal El bakhar.
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`1 Michelle M. Ovanesian no longer practices with Young Conaway Stargatt &
`Taylor LLP and is not expected to enter an appearance on behalf of Amgen in this
`appeal.
`2 Eric W. Hagen, Terry W. Ahearn, Shane G. Smith, Michael V. O’Shaughnessy,
`Esther E. Lin, and Evan Boetticher no longer practice with McDermott Will &
`Emery LLP and are not expected to enter appearances on behalf of Amgen in this
`appeal.
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 16 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`From Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP: Lauren N. Martin and
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`Megan Y. Yung.3
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`From King & Spalding LLP: Daryl L. Joseffer and Adam M. Conrad.4
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`From Amgen, Inc.: Stuart L. Watt, Wendy A. Whiteford, Erica S. Olson,
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`Steven D. Tang, Emily C. Johnson, Dennis J. Smith, and Joshua Mack.5
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`From MoloLamken LLP: Jeffrey A. Lamken, Michael G. Pattillo, Jr.,
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`Sarah J. Newman, and Sara E. Margolis.6
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`3 Megan Y. Yung no longer practices at Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP,
`and is not expected to enter an appearance on behalf of Amgen in this appeal.
`4 Daryl L. Joseffer and Adam M. Conrad no longer practice with King & Spalding
`LLP and are not expected to enter appearances on behalf of Amgen in this appeal.
`5 Joshua Mack is no longer employed by Amgen, Inc., and is not expected to enter
`an appearance on behalf of Amgen in this appeal.
`6 In the prior appeal in this case (No. 17-1480), Christopher R. Healy, Merritt E.
`McAlister, and Joshua N. Mitchell from King & Spalding LLP appeared before
`this Court on behalf of Amgen. Those attorneys are not expected to enter
`appearances on behalf of Amgen in this appeal.
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 17 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
`I hereby certify that, on the 19th day of June 2020, I electronically filed the
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`foregoing Plaintiffs-Appellants’ Opposition to the Motion of Stanley D. Liang To
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`Submit a Brief as Amicus Curiae in Support of Appellees by using the CM/ECF
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`system, which sent a notice of electronic filing to all ECF registered participants.
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`/s/ Jeffrey A. Lamken
`Jeffrey A. Lamken
`MOLOLAMKEN LLP
`The Watergate, Suite 500
`600 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W.
`Washington, D.C. 20037
`(202) 556-2000 (telephone)
`(202) 556-2001 (fax)
`jlamken@mololamken.com
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`Counsel for Amgen Inc., Amgen
`Manufacturing, Limited, and
`Amgen USA, Inc.
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`Case: 20-1074 Document: 99-1 Page: 18 Filed: 06/19/2020
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`1.
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`2.
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`CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
`This opposition complies with the type-volume limitation of Fed. R. App. P.
`27(d)(2)(A) because this opposition contains 2,213 words, excluding the
`parts of the opposition exempted by Fed. R. App. P. 27(d)(2) and Fed. R.
`App. P. 27(a)(2)(B).
`This opposition complies with the typeface requirements of Fed. R . A p p .
`P . 32(a)(5) and the type-style requirements of Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(6)
`because this opposition has been prepared in a proportionally spaced typeface
`using Microsoft Word in Times New Roman 14-point font.
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`June 19, 2020
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`/s/ Jeffrey A. Lamken
`Jeffrey A. Lamken
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