Case 6:22-cv-01162-ADA Document 72-4 Filed 10/31/23 Page 1 of 7
`Case 6:22-cv-01162-ADA Document 72-4 Filed 10/31/23 Page 1 of 7
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`EXHIBIT D
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`EXHIBIT D
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`Case 6:22-cv-01162-ADA Document 72-4 Filed 10/31/23 Page 2 of 7
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`COMPREHENSIVE
`
`DICTIONARY
`
`
`
`
`
`FLECTRICA
`
`A CRC Handbook Publishedin Cooperation with IEEE Press Realtek-PV_0003705
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`
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`ey CRCPRESS is} Settog & 3 iS
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`

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`Case 6:22-cv-01162-ADA Document 72-4 Filed 10/31/23 Page 3 of 7
`Case 6:22-cv-01162-ADA Document 72-4 Filed 10/31/23 Page 3 of 7
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`COMPREHENSIVE
`DICTIONARY
`
`ELECTRICAL
`ENGINEERING
`
`EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
`
`Phillip A Laplante
`
`CRC Press
`Taylor& Francis Group
`Boca Raton London New York
`
`
`CRCPress is an imprint of the
`Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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`Realtek-PV_0003706
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`Case 6:22-cv-01162-ADA Document 72-4 Filed 10/31/23 Page 4 of 7
`Case 6:22-cv-01162-ADA Document 72-4 Filed 10/31/23 Page 4 of 7
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`CRC Press
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`Case 6:22-cv-01162-ADA Document 72-4 Filed 10/31/23 Page 5 of 7
`Case 6:22-cv-01162-ADA Document 72-4 Filed 10/31/23 Page 5 of 7
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`a form of addressing
`implied addressing
`wherethe register or memory addressis not spec-
`ified within the instruction but is assumed.
`
`an implementation of the
`imprecise interrupt
`interrupt mechanism in which instructions that
`have started may not have completed before the
`interrupt takes place, and insufficient informa-
`tion is stored to allow the processor to restart
`after the interrupt in exactly the same state. This
`can cause problems, especially if the source of
`the interrupt is an arithmetic exception. See also
`precise interrupt.
`
`a sense of vagueness where the
`imprecision
`actual value of a parameter can assumethe spec-
`ified value to within a finite tolerance limit.
`
`4 current generated from
`impressed current
`an independent source. Often used to represent
`antennas.
`
`in open waveguides the
`improper modes
`eigenfunctions relative to the continuous spec-
`trum, which are defined over an infinite interval,
`are often referred to as improper modes.
`
`impulse
`sient.
`
`aunit pulse. See also implusive tran-
`
`a test of electrical insu-
`impulse breakdown
`lation in which lightning or switching impulses
`are applied.
`
`(1) an electronic device
`impulse generator
`delivering single pulses of various shapes, prefer-
`ably square.
`(2) a high-voltage trigger generator.
`
`incandescent lamp
`
`time duration. The system can be entirely char-
`acterized by the impulse response.
`In the case of a continuous time system with
`input f(t), the impulse signal 5(t) is defined as
`@) 5() =0, ¢40
`(ii) / d(t)dt =1,
`forany € > 0,
`and the impulse responseis the zero state system
`response to an input f (f) = §(¢). Inthe case ofa
`discrete time system with input f [x], the impulse
`signal is defined as
`@) 6{k]) =1,k=0
`(ii) 6[k] = 0,k AO,
`and the impulse responseis the zero state system
`response to input f[k] = d[k].
`
`a rapid frequency varia-
`impulsive transient
`tion of voltage or current during steady-state op-
`eration in which the polarity is mostly unidirec-
`tional.
`
`a device that re-
`in-circuit emulator (ICE)
`places the processor and provides the functions
`of the processor plustesting and debugging func-
`tions.
`
`a CRT electron gun structure that
`in-line gun
`hasthe red, green, and blue electron gun compo-
`nents aligned in a horizontal plane. The in-line
`gun structure requires color registration (color
`convergence) correction in the vertical CRT face
`plate axis only.
`
`the situation in which instruc-
`im-order issue
`tions are sent to be executed in the order that the
`
`instructions appear in the program.
`
`in quadrature modulation,
`in-phase signal
`the signal component that multiplies cos 27f,t,
`where f, is the carrier frequency.
`
`non-overlapping transient dis-
`impulse noise
`turbance having abrupt change and short dura-
`tion.
`INA=See inverse Nyquist array.
`
`the output of a linear time-
`impulse response
`invariant system whenthe inputis a pulse of short
`
`a lamp madeby heating a
`incandescent lamp
`metal filament in vacuum; not a burning candle.
`
`323
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`Case 6:22-cv-01162-ADA Document 72-4 Filed 10/31/23 Page 6 of 7
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`quadrature
`
`all possible uncertainties. The suitable matrix P
`may be found, for example, by solving a respec-
`tive game type Riccati equation or parametrically
`scaled linear matrix inequalities.
`
`a condition where there is a 90
`quadrature
`degree separation between items. That is, they
`are at right angles to one another.
`
`quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)
`a modulation technique in which the incoming
`symbols are split into two substreams, which are
`modulated in quadrature. In the conventional im-
`plementation,the “in-phase” symbols are modu-
`lated by cos 27ft, and the “quadrature” symbols
`are modulated by sin 2xf,t, so that the transmit-
`ted phases associated with the two substreams
`differ by 1/2.
`
`an axis placed 90
`quadrature axis (q axis)
`degrees ahead ofthe direct axis of a synchronous
`machine. See direct axis.
`
`quadrature axis magnetizing armature reac-
`tamce
`a reactance that represents all the in-
`ductive effects of the q-axis stator current of a
`synchronous machine, except for that due to the
`stator winding leakage reactance.
`In Park’s q-
`axis equivalent circuit of the synchronous ma-
`chine, this reactance is the only element through
`which both the stator and rotor currents flow. Its
`
`value may be determined by subtracting the sta-
`tor winding leakage reactance from the steady-
`state value of the q-axis operational impedance
`or from the geometric and material data of the
`machine, using expressions described in.
`
`See
`quadrature axis magnetizing reactance
`quadrature axis magnetizing armature reactance.
`
`quadrature axis subtransient open circuit
`time constant
`a constant that characterizes the
`
`initial decay of transients in the q-axis variables
`of the synchronous machinewith the stator wind-
`ings open-circuited. The interval characterized
`
`520
`
`is that immediately following a disturbance dur-
`ing whichthe effects of all amortisseur windings
`are considered. A detailed (derived) closed-form
`expression for the subtransient open-circuit time
`constant of a machine with two q-axis amortis-
`seur windings is obtained by taking the recip-
`rocal of the smallest root of the denominator of
`
`the q-axis operational impedance. An approxi-
`mate (standard) value is often used, in which it
`is assumed one amortisseur winding resistance is
`very small relative to the other and the detailed
`expression simplified. Expressions for the q-axis
`subtransient open-circuit time constant of a ma-
`chine with two q-axis amortisseur windings are
`derived in.
`
`the
`quadrature axis subtransient reactance
`high-frequency asymptote of the q-axis opera-
`tional impedance of a synchronous machine. The
`reactance characterizes the equivalent reactance
`of the q-axis windings of the machine during
`the initial time following a system disturbance.
`In models in which the rotor windings are rep-
`resented as lumped parameter circuits, the q-
`axis subtransient reactance is expressed in closed
`form as the sum of the stator winding leakage
`reactance, and the parallel combination ofthe q-
`axis magnetizing reactance and the q-axis rotor
`amortisseur leakage reactances.
`
`the
`quadrature axis synchronous reactance
`sum ofthe stator winding leakage reactance and
`the q-axis magnetizing (armature) reactanceof a
`synchronous machine. This reactance represents
`the balanced steady-state value ofthe q-axis oper-
`ational impedanceof the synchronous machine.
`
`a value
`quadrature axis transient reactance
`that characterizes the equivalent reactance of the
`q-axis windings of the synchronous machine be-
`tween the initial time following a system distur-
`bance (subtransient interval) and the steady state.
`This reactance cannot be directly mathemati-
`cally related to the q-axis operational impedance.
`However, in models in which the q-axis contains
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`quadrature-axis transient short-circuit time constant
`
`two amortisseur windings and the rotor windings
`are represented as lumped parametercircuits, the
`q-axis transient reactance is expressed in closed
`form as the sum of the stator winding leakage
`reactance, and the parallel combination of the
`q-axis magnetizing reactance and the primary q-
`axis amortisseur winding leakage reactances.
`
`quadrature detector mixer in a FM receiver
`wherethe output voltage is a function of the orig-
`inal modulation of two carrier inputs that are 90
`degrees apart in phase.
`
`interference in signal
`quadrature distortion
`transmission caused by phaseerror in the refer-
`ence carrier.
`
`FM demodu-
`quadrature FM demodulater
`lation of two carrier inputs that are 90 degrees
`apart in phase.
`
`a directional coupler that
`quadrature hybrid
`accepts an input signal and delivers two equal
`poweroutputs that are 90 degrees out of phase.
`
`amodulation scheme
`quadrature modulation
`that involves the modulation of two sinusoidal
`carriers with a 90-degree phase difference by
`two independent message signals. The two car-
`riers are typically represented as A cos(@,t) (the
`in-phase carrier) and Asin(w-t) (the quadra-
`ture carrier), where w, is the carrier frequency.
`The modulated signal
`is written as s(t) =
`Am,(t) cos(@ct + 6) + Am;(t)sin(w-t + ¢),
`where m,(t) and m,(t) are the in-phase and
`quadrature modulating signals and ¢ is a random
`phase.
`
`two independent
`quadrature phased signals
`signals that have identical frequencies and have
`a fixed 90-degree phase difference.
`
`in quadrature modulation,
`quadrature signal
`the signal component that multiplies sin 27ft,
`where f, is the carrier frequency.
`
`a device that takes an
`quadrature spreader
`information signal and two independent PN se-
`quences (two spreading codes) to produce two
`baseband direct sequence spread spectrum sig-
`nals. These signals constitute the modulation
`signals for a quadrature modulation scheme.
`
`quadrature-axis subtransient short-circuit
`time constant
`a constant that characterizes the
`
`initial decay of transients in the g-axis variables
`of the synchronous machinewith the stator wind-
`ings short-circuited. The interval characterized
`is that immediately following a disturbance, dur-
`ing whichthe effects of all amortisseur windings
`are considered. A detailed (derived) closed-form
`expression for the subtransient short-circuit time
`constant of a machine with two q-axis amortis-
`seur windingsis obtained by taking the reciprocal
`of the largest root of the numeratorof the g-axis
`operational impedance. An approximate (stan-
`dard) value is often used, in which it is assumed
`one amortisseur winding resistance is smallrela-
`tive to the other and the detailed expression sim-
`plified.
`
`quadrature-axis transient open-circuit time
`constant
`a constant that charaterizes the de-
`
`cay of transients in the q-axis variables of the
`synchronous machine with the stator windings
`open-circuited. The interval characterizedis that
`following the subtransient interval, but prior to
`steady-state, during which the fastest q-axis rotor
`circuit dynamics have subsided. A detailed (de-
`rived) closed-form expression for the transient
`short-circuit time constant of a machine with two
`g-axis amortisseur windings is obtained by tak-
`ing the reciprocal of the smallest root of the de-
`nominator of the q-axis operational impedance.
`An approximate (standard) value is often used,
`in which it is assumed one amortisseur winding
`resistance is infinite and the detailed expression
`simplified.
`
`quadrature-axis transient short-circuit time
`constant
`a constant that characterizes the de-
`
`521
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