Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 1 of 16
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`Exhibit 3
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`

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`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 2 of 16
`case 621-0r0N10.-A08 DocumeLTAac
`
`US008174360B2
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`(10) Patent No.:
`a2) United States Patent
`Finkenzeller
`(45) Date of Patent:
`May8, 2012
`
`
`(54) COMMUNICATION APPARATUS FOR
`SETTING UP A DATA CONNECTION
`BETWEEN INTELLIGENT DEVICES
`
`(75)
`
`Inventor: Klaus Finkenzeller, Unterféhring (DE)
`:
`.
`:
`:
`:
`(73) Assignee: Giesecke & Devrient GmbH, Munich
`(DE)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 1131 days.
`
`10/565,732
`,
`Jul. 29, 2004
`,
`"
`PCT/EP2004/008537
`
`Appl. No.:
`21)
`Appl.
`No
`(21)
`PCT Filed:
`22)
`ue
`(22)
`(86) PCT No.:
`$371 ©)(1)
`Jun. 30, 2006
`(2), (4) Date:
`(87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2005/013506
`PCTPub. Date: Feb. 10, 2005
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2006/0244630 Al
`Nov. 2, 2006
`
`(65)
`
`(30)
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`(DE) once eee eeeeteetecneceenee 103 34 765
`Jul. 30, 2003
`In.
`cl
`51)
`3006.01
`OD) hod 593
`(
`01)
`Q
`(52) U.S.Cone. 340/10.1; 340/539.23; 340/686.6;
`.
`.
`.
`340/658; 340/13.2
`(58) Field of Classification Search........ 340/10.1-10.6,
`340/539.23, 686.6, 658, 13.2, 101; 455/41.1,
`455/106
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5,287,112 A *
`2/1994 Schuermann ow... 342/42
`.. 702/199
`5,319,569 A *
`6/1994 Nicholsetal. ......
`
`2/1996 Orthmann etal.
`......... 340/10.32
`5,489,908 A *
`2/1996 Flaxl woe 375/344
`SA91,715 A *
`
`455/343.
`5.790.946 A *
`8/1998 Rotzoll
`..
`
`6,317,027 BL* 11/2001 Watkins .........cccce 340/10.1
`3/2002 Lanzl etal. ou... 342/118
`6,353,406 B1*
`(Continued)
`
`DE
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`34 12 610
`10/1985
`(Continued)
`Primary Examiner — Daniel Wu
`Assistant Examiner — Nay Tun
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Bacon & Thomas, PLLC
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`The invention relates to a communication apparatus for auto-
`matically setting up a data connection betweentwointelligent
`devices (10, 20, 30). The apparatus comprises a coil (13, 23,
`33) for carrying outa contactless data exchange which is part
`of a transmission oscillator (50), a communication element
`(12, 22) which is connected to the coil (13, 23, 33) and the
`data processing component(11, 21) of an intelligent device
`(10, 20, 30) and emits search signals via the coil (13, 23, 33)
`to receive a response from another intelligent device (10, 20,
`30), a measuring device (14, 24) for monitoring a property of
`the transmission oscillator (50), which outputs a control sig-
`nalwhenascertaining achangeinthemonitoredproperty, and
`a switching apparatus (15, 25) which is connected to the
`measuring device (14, 24) and the communication element
`(12, 22) and which switches on the communication element
`(12, 22) whenit has received a control signal from the mea-
`suring device (14, 24).
`
`17 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 3 of 16
`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 3 of 16
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`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`6,476,708 B1* 11/2002 Johnson ...........c. 340/10.34
`6,593,845 B1*
`7/2003 Friedman etal.
`. 340/10.33
`
`5/2005 Heideetal. ......
`ae 331/74
`6,894,572 B2*
`6/2005 Charrat oo. 235/492
`6,905,074 B2*
`eet
`7,209,014 B2*
`4/2007 Finkenzeller et al.
`.. 331/117 FE
`2002/0149376 Al* 10/2002 Haffneretal. o..0.0.. 324/635
`2005/0156752 Al
`7/2005 Finkenzelleretal.
`
`DE
`DE
`EP
`EP
`wo
`
`198 55 207
`102 06 676
`0 696 O11
`1024 451
`WO 03052672 Al *
`
`5/2000
`8/2003
`2/1996
`8/2000
`6/2003
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 4 of 16
`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 4 of 16
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`U.S. Patent
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`SUIYOIMS|i|goofooitif'ia
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`to:|i||iri|i|sngeredde
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`
`
`May8,2012
`
`Sheet 1 of 6
`
`1“Sl
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 5 of 16
`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 5 of 16
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May8,2012
`
`Sheet 2 of 6
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`€?“EL!
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`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 6 of 16
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`U.S. Patent
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`May8, 2012
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`Sheet 3 of 6
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`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`Fig. 3
`
`Intelligent device ON
`
`100
`
`Connect 52; bandwidth high
`
`102
`
`108H
`
`Connect 51; fresonance low
`
`C. element ON
`
`Set up data connection
`
`104
`
`106
`
`, B
`
`No
`
`Data exchangefinished?
`Yes
`
`C. element OFF
`
`ridge 52; Q high
`
`1
`
`116
`
`120
`
`Communication
`
`110
`
`Disconnect 51; fResonance high
`
`Measuring unit ON
`
`122
`
`124
`
`Monitoring of property
`
`130
`
`Change in property?
`
`No
`
`Yes
`
`132
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 7 of 16
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May8, 2012
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`Sheet 4 of 6
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`US 8,174,360 B2
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`Fig. 4
`
`Intelligent device ON
`
`C. element ON
`
`100
`
`202
`
`Other c. element present?
`
`No
`
`|
`
`C. element OFF
`
`206
`
`Measuring unit ON
`
`210
`
`Store measurement/measuring value
`
`312
`
`Determine measuring value average
`
`214
`
`Measuring value = average?
`Yes
`
`216
`
`Z°
`
`
`
`
`
`Measuring unit OFF Other device present|226218
`
`Measuring unit OFF|228
`Timing loop - Wait
`220
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Intelligent device OFF? C. element ON|230
`Z3
`
`Yes
`
`222
`
`ty 6: 2
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 8 of 16
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`Sheet 5 of 6
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`May8, 2012
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`US 8,174,360 B2
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Fig. 6
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 9 of 16
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`U.S. Patent
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`May8, 2012
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`Sheet 6 of 6
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`US 8,174,360 B2
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`
`
`pass
`filter
`
` Low-
`
`
`

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`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 10 of 16
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`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`1
`COMMUNICATION APPARATUS FOR
`SETTING UP A DATA CONNECTION
`BETWEEN INTELLIGENT DEVICES
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`This invention relates to the use of communication ele-
`
`ments automatically setting up a data connection in intelli-
`gent devices designed for carrying out a data transmission,
`the data connection set-up being triggered by the approach of
`two intelligent devices. A concept for automatically setting
`up a data connection between intelligent devices is known
`from the specification ECMA/TC32/TG19/2003/12 under
`the name of “Near Field Communication” (NFC). The pur-
`poseof the concept is to makethe set-up ofa data connection
`between intelligent devices as simple as possible. The con-
`cept provides for two intelligent devices both designed for
`carrying out an NFC protocol automatically setting up a data
`connection when they cometogetherat a distance oftypically
`less than 0.2 meters. In a search mode oneofthe intelligent
`devices, the initiator, sends a search query which is answered
`by the secondintelligent device, the target. In an immediately
`following data exchange the twointelligent devices agree on
`a data transmission mode according to which a data exchange
`is then effected between the data processing components of
`the intelligent devices involved.
`Detection of whether another intelligent device is located
`within the response range of the NFC protocolis done in the
`search mode by cyclically emitting search queries. The
`parameters provided for the search queries are a transmitting
`frequency of 13.56 MHz and a magnetic field strength of at
`least 1.5 A/m up to a maximum of 7.5 A/m. The provided
`minimum field strength causes a relatively high constant
`power consumption in intelligent devices ready to carry out
`an NFC protocol. For devices with limited energy resources,
`especially for battery-operated devices, this results in a reduc-
`tion of the possible service life. To reduce this undesirable
`effect, it can be provided to equip the intelligent devices with
`a switching deviceto be actuated by theuser for activating the
`search mode of an NFC unit. However,this possibility at least
`partly cancels out the goal of particular ease of operation
`aimed at by the NFC concept, since at least the switching
`function must be actuated separately.
`The standards
`ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 15693
`
`describe a method in which a reading device tries to produce
`a data connection with another intelligent device (contactless
`chip card/RFID transponder). For this purpose, the reading
`device emits a search signal—REQUEST—periodically with
`high field strength (e.g. 1.5-7.5 A/m according to ISO/IEC
`14443) until an intelligent device comes into the response
`range of the reading device.
`German patent application DE 102 06 676 discloses a
`switching apparatus to be actuated with a transponder, which
`can be operated almost non-dissipatively as long as no
`switching process is triggered. The device to be switched has
`for this purpose a coil whichis part of an oscillating circuit
`whichis operated as a substantially unloaded pureoscillating
`circuit in the detection mode. The resonant frequency tunedin
`the oscillating circuit is monitored by a frequency observer.
`Whena transponder with a transpondercoil is brought close
`to the detection coil, the resonant frequencyof the oscillating
`circuit changes. This is detected by the frequency observer,
`which thereupon produces a switching signal which switches
`on the device to be switched. The proposed solution focuses
`on the direct change from detection mode to data transmis-
`sion mode, i.e. on the direct, single-stage switch-on of an
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`55
`
`2
`intelligent device by means of a coil support which serves
`primarily as a switching component.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`The problem ofthe invention is to specify a communica-
`tion apparatus for intelligent devices designed for automatic
`data connection set-up, which has minimal energy consump-
`tion withoutrestricting the ease of use.
`This problem is solved by an apparatus having the features
`as discussed herein. The inventive communication apparatus
`has a communication element with a coil for emitting search
`signals, whereby the search signal mode is only commenced
`when a property change in a transmission oscillator set up by
`means of the same coil has been detected by means of a
`measuring device. Since transmission oscillator and measur-
`ing device can be operated almost non-dissipatively, the out-
`put of search signals for detecting the presence of correspond-
`ing intelligent devices must only be effected when a further
`intelligent device is possibly located within the response
`range of the coil. The energy requirementof the communica-
`tion apparatus can thus be considerably reduced. The inven-
`tive solution is therefore in particular also suitable for intel-
`ligent devices with limited energy resources, e.g. for battery-
`operated devices.
`It
`is particularly advantageous that an
`intelligent device equipped with an inventive communication
`apparatus can be handled just the sameas if the device per-
`manently emitted search queries. No special actions by a user
`are required. Advantageously, the use of an inventive com-
`munication apparatus also does not require any intervention
`in the execution of the data connection set-up after detection
`of a further intelligent device present.
`In an advantageous development, it is provided that for
`carrying out a data transmission after the communication
`elementis switched on an ohmic resistor is switched to the
`oscillating circuit to thereby increase the bandwidth of the
`transmission oscillator while reducing the quality factor.
`In a further advantageous developmentof the communica-
`tion apparatus, it is provided to influence the oscillating cir-
`cuit in such a waythat the resonant frequency changes by
`connecting suitable components after the communicationele-
`ment is switched on. This additionally ensures that other
`intelligent devices designed for automatic data connection
`set-up in the same wayare not disturbed by a search mode.
`In a further advantageous embodiment of the inventive
`communication apparatus, it is provided that the measuring
`deviceis put into operation only periodically. This permits the
`energy consumption of the communication apparatus to be
`reducedfurther. For realizing the periodic putting into opera-
`tion, the communication apparatus expediently has a time
`controller, and a measurementresult is evaluated by compari-
`son with an average value obtained from preceding measure-
`ments.
`
`The measuring device preferably has twooscillator devices
`for producing oscillation signals, one such oscillator device
`being coupled with the coil. Further, the measuring device can
`have circuit components for producing the control signal for
`the switching apparatus on the basis of a phase relation
`betweensaid oscillation signals or signals derived therefrom.
`This permits very precise monitoring of the transmission
`oscillator to be obtained with comparatively little effort, and
`the presence of a further device within the response range of
`the coil to be reliably ascertained in this way.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`An embodiment of the invention will hereinafter be
`explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in
`which:
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 11 of 16
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`US 8,174,360 B2
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`3
`FIG. 1 showsthe structure and arrangementofintelligent
`devices designed for automatic data connection set-up,
`FIG. 2 showsa simplified equivalent circuit diagram of a
`communication apparatus,
`FIG. 3 showsa flow chart of the operation of a communi-
`cation apparatus,
`FIG.4 showsa flow chart of the operation of a communi-
`cation apparatus provided with a time controller,
`FIG. 5 showsa first embodimentof a circuit implementa-
`tion of the measuring unit by means of a PLL circuit,
`FIG.6 showsa plurality of signal patterns within the mea-
`suring unit upon the approach of another device,
`FIG. 7 shows a second embodimentof a circuit implemen-
`tation of the measuring unit by means of a PLL circuit, and
`FIG. 8 shows a circuit implementation of the functional
`blocks, voltage differentiator and threshold switch, from FIG.
`5 or 7.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`FIG. 1 showsintelligent devices 10, 20, 30 in different
`embodiments. All are designed to conduct a data exchange
`with one of the other intelligent devices 10, 20, 30 via a coil
`13, 23, 33. All intelligent devices 10, 20, 30 referred herein-
`after simply as devices have fundamentally the same kind of
`structure and consist of a data processing component11, 21,
`31 and a communication apparatus 1, 2, 3.
`The data processing component 11, 21, 31 substantially
`brings about the intelligence of the devices 10, 20, 30 and
`comprises a central processor unit for executing data process-
`ing operations. The data processing component 11, 21, 31
`moreover substantially determines the outer form of the
`devices 10, 20, 30. As indicated in FIG. 1, the device 10, 20,
`30 can have e.g. the form of a portable computer 11 or a
`mobile telephone 21 or be realized in an RFID transponder
`with a chip 31, formed e.g. in a contactless chip card 30. The
`enumeration of possible forms of design is not final here.
`Besides those shown, the device 10, 20, 30 can likewise be
`realized e.g. in an article ofdaily use, such as a wrist watch, or
`a garment, such as a jacket, provided with electronic compo-
`nents, but also constitute a firmly installed reading device in
`a ticketing or access system.
`The communication apparatus 1, 2, 3 comprises in each
`case a communication element 12, 22, a coil 13, 23, 33 con-
`nected to the communication element 12, 22, a measuring
`device 14, 24, connectedto the coil 13, 23, 33, anda switching
`apparatus 15, 25 connectedto the data processing component
`11, 21, the communication element 12, 22 and the measuring
`device 14, 24. In practical implementation, the communica-
`tion apparatus1, 2, 3 is formed as a rule as onestructural unit
`with the data processing component11, 21 andis thus located
`e.g. in the housing of a portable computer 11, a mobile tele-
`phone 21 or is integrated in the chip 31 of a chip card 30.
`The function of the communication element 12, 22 is to
`ascertain the presence of another device 10, 20, 30 within the
`response range of the coil 13, 23, 33. The communication
`element 12, 22 has means for executing software program
`routines and can be formed as an independent assembly.
`Whenanother device 10, 20, 30 has been detected, the com-
`munication element 12, 22 further automatically sets up a
`data connection thereto and produces the data transmission
`mode for a subsequent data exchange betweenthe particular
`data-processing components 11, 21, 31. In a particularly
`expedient embodiment, the communication element 12, 22 is
`designed to execute an NFC protocol as described in the
`stated publication ECMA/TC32-TG19/2003/1 2, or acontact-
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`4
`less transmission protocol as described e.g. in the standards
`ISO/IEC 14443, ISO/IEC 15699 and ISO/IEC 18000-3.
`The coil 13, 23, 33 is of the usual design and serves in the
`way known intheart to carry out a contactless data exchange
`with a corresponding device 10, 20, 30. As a rule, it is an
`integrated part of the device 10, 20, 30, as indicated in the
`execution as a chip card 30. Within the communication appa-
`ratus 1, 2, 3 the coil 13, 23, 33 is part of a transmission
`oscillator 50 with a defined, characteristic resonant frequency
`which can depend on the operating state of the device 10, 20,
`30.
`
`The measuring device 14, 24 is connected to the coil 13, 23,
`33 and detects a property of the transmission oscillator 50
`formed with the coil 13, 23, 33. It can in particular be of the
`type as described in the stated Germanpatent application DE
`102 06 676.
`
`The switching apparatus 15, 25 serves to switch on and off
`the communication element 12, 22 and the measuring device
`14, 24. The switching on andoff of one or both components
`12, 22 or 14, 24 can be doneindirectly via the data processing
`component 11, 21. The switching apparatus 15, 25 serves
`further to connect and disconnect single elements of the mea-
`suring device 14, 24. Furthermore, the switching apparatus
`15, 25 can be used to switch other components (not shown) of
`a device 10, 20, 30.
`FIG. 2 showsa simplified equivalent circuit diagram of a
`device 10, 20, 30. The data processing component11, 21, and
`therefore the external appearance of the device 10, 20, is
`represented therein by an on/off switch 40 operable by a user
`for switching on and off the main energy supply 41 of the
`device 10, 20. The main energy supply 41 can be in particular
`a battery or an accumulator. Particularly a firmly installed
`reading device can also use a mains voltage as the main
`energy supply 41. The presence of the switch 40 depends on
`the form of the device; in certain embodiments, e.g. upon
`execution as a chip card 30, the switch 40 can be omitted. The
`device 30 is then either constantly on or is switched on by an
`equally acting mechanism adaptedto the design.
`The switching apparatus 15, 25 comprises two switches 42,
`44 which are drivable by meansofan actuator 43, as well as
`optionally a time controller 45. Actuator 43 and time control-
`ler 45 are connected to the main energy supply 41. Thefirst
`switch 42 is placed between the main energy supply 41 and
`the communication element 12, 22, the second switch 44
`between main energy supply 41 and measuring device 14, 25.
`The second switch 44 is actuated via the time controller 45
`which is connected for this purpose to the actuator 43 and
`receives a switching signal therefrom. Thefirst switch 42 can
`be used to switch on and off not only the communication
`element 12, 22 but also further components (not shown) ofthe
`particular device 10, 20,30, as indicated by the connection
`146. All components of the switching apparatus 15, 25 can be
`realized discretely, as circuits or also in the form of software
`programs. Actuator 43 and time controller 45 moreover expe-
`diently have a certain intelligence and are designedto execute
`software program routines.
`The essential element of the measuring device 14, 24 is a
`measuring unit 46 which is switchable on and offby means of
`the switch 44 of the switching apparatus 15, 25. The measur-
`ing unit 46 is further connected to the actuator 43 of the
`switching apparatus 15, 25 as well as via a switch 47 to the
`coil 13, 23. The switch 47 is actuated by the actuator 43. It
`thereby connects the coil 13, 23 either to the measuring unit
`46 or to the communication element 12, 22. The coil 13, 23 is
`furthermore connected to the communication element 12, 22.
`Like the switching apparatus 15, 25, the components of the
`measuring device 14, 24 can be realized discretely, as circuits
`
`

`

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`5
`or in the form of software programs. The measuring unit 46 is
`expediently likewise equipped with a certain intelligence and
`designed to execute software program routines. In embodi-
`ments ofthe device that are particularly restricted with regard
`to energy resources, e.g. upon execution in the form of a chip
`card 30, the measuring device can be omitted. The device 30
`can then be detected by other devices 10, 20 but not detect
`other devices 10, 20, 30 itself.
`Disposed in parallel with the coil 13, 23 is a capacitor 48
`which forms together with the coil 13, 23 a transmission
`oscillator 50. The transmission oscillator 50 is connectable
`via the switch 47 to the communication element 12 or the
`
`measuring unit 46. In parallel with the transmission oscillator
`50 but behind the switch 47 with respect to the transmission
`oscillator 50, a further capacitor 51 as well as a resistor 52 can
`be disposed. Both elements 51, 52 can be switched to the
`transmission oscillator 50 via the switch 47. The capacitor 51
`causes a changein the resonant frequencyof the transmission
`oscillator 50, the resistor 52 an increase in the bandwidth
`while simultaneously reducing the oscillating circuit quality
`factor. The mentioned passive components 47, 49, 51, 52 can
`be executed as discrete components but also in the form of
`assemblies with a corresponding external effect.
`In an advantageousvariantparticularly suitable for devices
`10, 20 with sufficient energy resources, the measuring unit 46
`is formed as a frequency sweeper which sweeps the measur-
`ing frequency continuously over a predetermined frequency
`domain. The predetermined frequency domain comprises at
`least one frequency to which another device 10, 20, 30 is
`tuned.
`
`FIG.3 illustratesa first possible operating mode of a device
`10, 20, 30. In accordance with the equivalent circuit diagram
`rendered in FIG.2, it optionally has a capacitor 51 as well as
`a resistor 52 to influence the transmission oscillator 50.
`Operation starts by the device 10, 20, 30 being switched on,
`step 100, e.g. by means ofa switch 40 which actuates the main
`energy supply 41. Said switching-on also switches on the
`actuator 43. The latter then sets the switch 47 sothat the coil
`13, 23, 33 is connected to the communication element 12, 22
`via the switch 47. At the sametime,the setting of the switch
`47 causes the resistor 52, step 102, and the capacitor 51, if
`present, to be switchedto the transmission oscillator 50, step
`104.
`
`Connection ofthe resistor 52 results in a worsening of the
`quality factor Q of the transmission oscillator 50, but at the
`sametime causes an increase in the bandwidth B available for
`a data transmission in the transmission oscillator 50, sinceit
`applies to the relation between quality factor Q and band-
`width B that B=1/Q.
`Connection of the capacitor 51 reduces the resonantfre-
`quencyof the transmission oscillator 50 andsets it to a trans-
`mission frequencysuitable for a data transmission, e.g. 13.56
`MHz. The change makes the subsequent data transmission
`and the operation of the communication apparatus 1, 2, 3
`insensitive to interference by magnetic fields of devices 10,
`20, 30 of the same kindlocatedin the vicinity and working in
`the detection mode, i.e. at a higher resonant frequency.
`Furthermore, the actuator 43 switches on the communica-
`tion element 12, 22, step 106. The communication element
`12, 22 thereby goes into the search mode and cyclically emits
`a search signal via the coil 13, 23, 33 to receive a response
`from another device 10, 20, 30 possibly located within the
`response range of the coil 13, 23, 33.
`If another device 10, 20, 30 is located within the response
`range of the coil 13, 23, 33 it reacts to the search signal by
`returning a response, whereupon the communication element
`12, 22 puts the communication apparatus 1, 2, 3 in the data
`
`25
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`30
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`40
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`45
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`50
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`6
`transmission mode.Forthis purpose, it sets up a data connec-
`tion with the data processing component 11, 21, 31 of the
`answering device 10, 20, 30 using a suitable protocol, e.g. the
`above-mentioned protocols (NFC, 14443, ...), step 108.
`After the data connection is set up, the data processing
`component 11, 21, 31 conducts a data exchangevia the coil
`13, 23, 33 in the known way with the corresponding data
`processing component 11, 21, 31 of the device 10, 20, 30
`present, step 110.
`The actuator 43 waits until the data exchange between the
`data processing components 11, 21, 31 of the devices 10, 20,
`30 involved is completed, step 114. Detection that the data
`exchangeis finished can be effected by reception of a corre-
`sponding signal from the data processing component 11 or
`the communication element 12 or also by cyclical execution
`of a check step in the actuator 43 itself. The communication
`element 12, 22 can be connected to the time controller 45 and
`the actuator 43 independently of the switch 42.
`Whenthe data exchangeis finished, the actuator 42 puts the
`communication device 1, 2, 3 in the detection mode.
`For this purpose, the actuator 43 separates the communi-
`cation element 12, 22 from the main energy supply 41 by
`shifting the switch 42, step 116.
`Further, the actuator 43 actuates the switch 47 and connects
`the measuring unit 46 to the transmission oscillator 50. The
`switch actuation further causes the resistor 52 and optionally
`the capacitor 51 to be switched outof the transmission oscil-
`lator 50 again, step 120, 122. Removal of the resistor 52
`brings about in the transmission oscillator 50 an unloaded
`quality factor Q, which is determinedin the ideal case only by
`the inductance of the coil 13, 23, 33, the oscillating circuit
`capacitor 48 andthe input resistance of the coil 13, 23, 33. In
`accordance with the improved quality factor Q, the detection
`range increases in which other devices 10, 20, 30 present are
`detected in the detection mode.
`
`The possible switching off of a capacitor 51 permits the
`frequencyofthe oscillating circuit 50 and thus the measuring
`frequency ofthe measuring unit 46 to be optionally increased
`and set e.g. in the range of 13.56 to 17 MHz. This has the
`consequence that the measuring unit 46 is not, or not as
`strongly, influenced by otherintelligent devices located in the
`close vicinity and in the communication mode(i.e. transmit
`mode). Since signals ofother reading devices could otherwise
`be misunderstoodas the approach of an intelligent device, the
`obtained reduction ofthe detection of signals of other reading
`devices is advantageous. Likewise, any other devices 10, 20,
`30 located in the vicinity which are in the data transmission
`modeare thus not disturbed during operation in the detection
`mode.
`
`Further, the actuator 43 switches on the measuring unit 46
`by actuating the switch 44 for producing the detection mode,
`step 124.
`The measuring unit 46 then monitors a property of the
`transmission oscillator 50. For example, it monitors the fre-
`quencytunedin the transmission oscillator 50 while the latter
`is operated in resonance. If in this state the coil 13, 23, 33 of
`another device 10, 20, 30 is brought into the detection range
`of the coil 13, 23, 33, this causes a change of resonantfre-
`quencyin the transmission oscillator 50, which is detected by
`the measuring unit 46, step 132. Alternatively, it is also pos-
`sible to evaluate/measure the impedance ofthe transmitting
`oscillator 50 operated in resonance.
`When the measuring unit 46 has detected a change in the
`observed oscillating circuit property,
`it transmits a corre-
`sponding control signal to the actuator 43, whereupon the
`actuator 43 executes the steps 102 ff. again andinitiates the
`search or data transmission mode.
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 13 of 16
`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 72-3 Filed 11/09/22 Page 13 of 16
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`US 8,174,360 B2
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`10
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`15
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`20
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`25
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`30
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`unit 46 then transmits a corresponding control signal to the
`If the measuring device 46 allows sweeping of the oscil-
`actuator 43, whereuponthe actuator 43 puts the communica-
`lating circuit frequency, monitoring ofthe oscillating circuit
`tion apparatus 1, 2, 3 in the search mode. Forthis purpose, it
`property is effected over the total frequency domain swept.
`switches offthe measuring unit 46 by actuating the switch 44,
`The frequency domain swept contains at least the resonant
`step 228, and switches on the communication element 12, 22
`frequency of one kind of device with which a data connection
`by actuating the switch 42, step 230.
`can beset up. If the resonant frequency of such a device 30 is
`The communication element 12, 22 then produces the data
`e.g. 13.56 MHz, the sweep range can be for example between
`transmission mode, as described, in which the data exchange
`13 and 18 MHz.Ifa changeintheoscillating circuit property
`is then effected between the data processing components 11,
`occurs at any frequency within the frequency domain swept,
`21 of the devices involved, step 208.
`the measuring unit 46 transmits a control signal to the actuator
`FIG. 5 showsa first embodimentof a circuit implementa-
`43 for executing the steps 102 ff.
`tion of the measuring unit 46 by means of a PLL circuit. PLL
`FIG. 4 shows a variant for operating a communication
`stands for “phase locked loop” and meansthat a signal witha
`apparatus built up according to FIG. 2. The operating variant
`frequencyisset relative to a signal with a reference frequency
`can be designed as an alternative or also in addition to the
`so exactly that the phaserelation between the signals is per-
`operating modeillustrated in FIG. 3. The operating variant
`manently maintained. Thefirst embodimentof the measuring
`shown in FIG.4 presupposesthat the device 10, 20, 30 has a
`time controller 45 as indicated in FIG. 2.
`unit 46 hasafirst oscillator 60 which producesa signal with
`Operation again starts by the device 10, 20 being switched
`a frequency fl and feeds it to a first frequency divider 61,
`on,step 100, e.g. by switching on the main energy supply 41
`which can be formed as an integer or binary divider and
`by means of a switch 40.
`performs a frequency division with a division factor N.It is
`The communication apparatus 1, 2, 3 thereuponfirst goes
`indicated by dashedlines that the coil 13, 23 is connected to
`the first oscillator 60. The connection can be effected in the
`into the search mode. For this purpose,
`the actuator 43
`switches on the communication element 12, 22, step 202,
`way shown in FIG.2 via the switch 47 anda common ground.
`which subsequently checks by cyclically outputting search
`The exact execution depends on the circuit design of the
`signals whether another device 10, 20, 30 is located within the
`oscillator circuit used, as well as the circuit design of the
`response range of the coil 13, 23, 33, step 204.
`communication element 12, 22 (transmitterfinal stage). Thus,
`Ifthe outputting ofthe search signal in step 204 is followed
`oscillator circuits are known, e.g. Colpitts, in which a con-
`by a response from another device 10, 20, 30 present, the
`nection of the coil 13, 23 can be grounded(on the alternating
`communication apparatus 1, 2, 3 changes to the data trans-
`voltage side). In this case, the switch 47 can be executed so
`mission modeafterset-up of a data connection with the other
`that only one connection of the coil must be switched overto
`device 10, 20, 30, and conducts a data exchange with the
`the measuring unit 46, as shown in FIG.2 for example.
`In another embodiment of the oscillator circuit 60, it can
`detected device 10, 20, 30, step 208.
`If the search signal is not f