Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 1 of 22
`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 1 of 22
`
`EXHIBIT 6
`EXHIBIT 6
`
`

`

`9358
`
`well
`
`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 2 of 22
`
`B 5 ?20 Aa
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000188
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000188
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 3 of 22
`
`R 디D
`HANDBOOK
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000189
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 4 of 22
`
`rCi lU
`HANDBOOK
`ßa깨io섀쯔requeoむy Identificatioo
`Fondamentals and Applications
`
`KLAUS FINMEIMZELLER
`够&谿窸鑿蠡k發 & D^wlent GmbH, Mumah, Germany
`
`JOHN WILEY & SON, LTD
`Chichester ® New York ® Welohelm 翁 Brisbane 疇 Singapore ^TorontQ
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000190
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 5 of 22
`
`Copyright ©1999 John WHey & Sons Ltd
`West Sussex, PO19 lUD> Engimd
`樓心舞以
`01243 779777
`International (+遽4) 1243 779777
`
`All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced^ stored in a 琦独疚5&祉 system^ or tmnsmitted^
`in any fbmi or by Msy memis, electronic, mechanical^ photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise^ except
`under Üjs terms of Uie Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 19SS or under tlie temxs of a licence issued by 館餾
`Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIF 9HH, UK« without the permission in
`writing of the Publisher.
`
`oec^ioned to any person or property thros^gh using the material^ instoctions：, meüiods or ideas contaii^ed herein,
`or acting or refraining Bom acting as 携 result of such 蘇s卷.The authör(s) and Fiiblisfeer expressly disclaim all
`implied waii'anties^ including merehantability or ßtness 致綫 any particular pijrposc.
`Deisignations used by companies to distmguish their product are often claimed ^ trademarks. In all instances
`where Jqto Wiley & Som is aware of 経 成鈿舞 the product nawe^ appear in initial capital or all capital letters>
`Readers, however^, should contact the appropriate companies 母f more comple£e inß>nnaüon regarding
`fぎ‘a셌0觸找rk$ and regktation,
`
`Oth&r Wiley Bdit^riai Office&
`John Wiley & S◎寫乱 Inc,^ 603 Third Ave負u%
`NY 10153-0012, OSA
`New
`Wemheim * Brisbane * Singapore » Toronto
`
`[RFID Handbuchc English]
`.
`RTTO handbook : s^adio^fcqumscy identification fehdamentals asid
`applications / Klmxs Finkenzellsr : trsmslated by Rachel Waddington
`
`Inventory control一Automatioj^. 2, Radio fequency
`I,
`identillcMion systems, L I'itle,
`TSi60.F5513
`99-16221
`658,7一dc21
`CIP
`
`A catalogisc record 肉ず this b€X>k is available from the Brhish Libraiy
`ISBN 0 471 98851 〇
`PfodiÂced from PostScs'ipt files ssippHed by die Iraxislator
`Printed arsd bound in Great Britain fey Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippessham
`This book is printed on aci盛“粉ee paper responsibly manidamsred from susui^mbk forestry
`m which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000191
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 6 of 22
`
`HKeK
`
`X
`
`1 2 2 3 새 4: 사 애 5 5 6 6 7
`
`Contents
`
`PREFACE
`
`1 INTRODUCTION
`U Automatic Idesitineation Systems
`1,1,1 Barcode systems
`kl ,2 Optical character recognition
`1.1.3 Bionieti'ic procedure
`l.'L3.1 Voice identification
`1，1.3.2 Finger printing procedures (dactyloscopy)
`1.1.4 Smart cards
`
`1.1.4/2 Microprocessor cards
`1.1,5 RFID systems
`
`2 DlFFERENTIATiOW FEATURES OF RFID SYSTEMS
`2.1 Fuodameiital Differeiitiation Features
`2.2 Trasispoxider Censtruetion Formats
`2,2.1 Disks and coins
`2-2.2 Glass housmg
`2,2 3 Plastic housing
`2.2.4 Tool and gas bottle identification
`2.2.5 Keys and key fobs
`2.2.6 Clocks
`2.2.7 ID-1 format, coiitactless smart cards
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000192
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 7 of 22
`
`The RFID Handbook
`
`2,2.8 Odier formats
`23 F駐發¢話!從宏y워 Mange 裝理¢| Coupling
`고3 コ Close coupling
`2.3.2 Remote coupling
`233 .Long range
`23A System perfbrma.nce
`
`''
`
`'
`
`3 FüHDäMEIMTAL operating principles
`3*1 1 Bit Transponder
`3。1*1 Radio frequency
`3.1.2 Microwaves
`3.L3 Frequency divide%:
`33 .4 Electroniagiietic types
`3*2 Foil and Half 寰賈tipl念鷲 Procedure
`3。2，1 Inductive coupling
`3.2.1.1 Power supply to passive transponders
`&코. 1,2 IZ＞發t유 tä'ansfer transponder q reader
`302.2 El修。馈em秘gn飲、i© backscatter coupling
`3“2二ni Power supply to the aanspoiider
`3„2.2,2 Data tniiismission t reader
`3.23 Close coiipliiig
`3-23.1 Power supply to the transponder
`3.23.2 Data transfer transponder t 3'eader
`気효4 Data transfer reader f transponder
`33 Sequential Procedures
`3.3.1 Inductive coupling
`33d,l Power supply to the transposider
`3„3,k2 A comparison between EDX/HDX and SEQ systems
`3.3,13 D領:快 transnussion transponder
`reader
`3.3.2 Surface acoustic wave transponder
`4 险薑8羅"爲賣卷훊 “f 貞& 费 〇 〇?| s 〇 1 蠶;電쒀 虞% 蠶:
`襪 wyw*す繚赛做 礎
`r^o T olwÄL» 广辭部 WIL富q=あ wn rlF^iw 〇¥〇| iXIWiö
`4。1 Magnetic Field
`시rLl Magnetic field strength H
`4.1 /LI Path of field st夏©ngEh H(x) in。◎むdue£◎ず loops
`. 4,1,1.2 Optimal antenna 세imjuet史圍
`4.1,2 Magiictic flux and magnetic flux density
`4.1.3 Inductance L
`4,1.4 Mutual inductance M
`4.1.5 Coupling coefficient k
`4.1.6 Faraday'5^ law
`4.1,7 Resonance
`
`초 1
`21
`21
`22
`22
`23
`
`25
`26
`26
`29
`31
`32
`34
`35
`35
`37
`41
`41
`41
`4즈
`43
`44
`44
`45
`45
`45
`45
`47
`48
`
`爲 ■嘔
`
`S3
`53
`55
`57
`58
`59
`60
`62
`64
`66
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000193
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 8 of 22
`
`Table of Contents
`
`4,1,8 Practical operation of £れe tr故筋spond¢囂’
`4.1.8,1 Power suppE* to the transponder
`쇄 " . 8 ；2 Voltage regulatioxi
`4.1.9 Interrogation field strength .尹ん勇
`4 J .9.1 '^Energy wan忍e" of transponder syste-ms
`4.1.10 Total t驚aむ&p。整녔er —reader system
`4.1,1(). 1 Transformed transponder impedance Zf
`샘。1.10,2 Influencing variables of
`4.1,10,3 Load m€adulation
`,
`4.1.11 Measuring the coupling coefficient k
`4, L12 Magnetic materials
`、
`4d.l2.1 Properties of magnetic materials ほれ엔 ferrite
`4 J . 12,2 Ferrite antennas in LF £ran입p⑴저dおすs
`„ 12,3 Ferrite shielding in a m己t袞IK。environment
`4.1
`
`4+2,1 The creation of electromagnetic waves
`4.2.2 Reflection of electromagnetic waves
`4.2.3 Radar cross section of an antenna
`4.2.4 Modulated radar cross section
`4.2.5 Effective length
`4.2.6 Antenna constmction fonnats for microwave transponders
`4.2.6.1 Slot antennas
`4.2.6.2 Planar a^item後a히
`4,2；6,3, Overview - antenna, parameters
`
`ni
`
`5 FREQUENCY RANGES ARD RADIO LICENSING
`REGyLATIONS
`5»1 Frequeney Manges Used
`5 J . 1 Fr辭이ue凄过y range 9 — 135 kHz
`5.1 »2 F*e이駁己range 6.78 MHz
`5.1/3 Frequency range 13,56 MHz
`5\ 1.4 Frequency range 27»125 MHz
`잇！必nc淳 range 40,680 MHz
`5.1.5
`5.1.6 F薑群잎u¢流!£y range 433„920 MHz
`5〇 1.7 Ff0Muenuy range 869.0 MHz
`1改©요u楔range 9151) MHz
`5.1.8
`5-L9 잇駐€;tiey wa設ge 2。45 ◎是』2
`5^1.10 Frequency range 5.8 GHz
`5. L11 Frequency range 24.125 GHz
`5.1.12 Selection of a suitable frequency for inductively coupled RFID systems
`5,2 liiternatiosial I^ieensing 聽鹽g離壹魏教◎!签
`5.2.1 CEPTZERC 70-03
`5.2.2 BN 300330; 양 kHz — 25 MHz
`
`vii
`
`71
`71
`71
`74
`76
`' 78
`80
`83
`90
`98
`9이
`99
`1 얘：1
`101
`102
`102
`105
`106
`10양
`109
`110
`110
`110
`110
`
`111
`111.
`114
`114
`114
`115
`115
`115
`116
`116
`116
`116
`116
`119
`119
`119
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000194
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 9 of 22
`
`Si
`
`The RFID Handbook
`
`5.2.2.1 CaxTier power -- limit values for class 1 trarismitters
`5.2.2.2 Camer p◎印辭芸—limit
`for class 2 transmitters
`5.2.2.3 Modulation bftndwidth
`5.2.2.4 Spurious emissions
`5,23 EN 300220-1, EN 300220-2
`5.2.4 EN 300440
`S3 National Licencing Regulations — Ü.S^Â
`
`CODING A獭D MODÜLATIOH
`6.1Coding in the Baseband
`6.2 Digital Modulation Procedures
`6.2.1 Amplitude shift keyixig (ASK)
`6.2.2 2 FS.K
`6.23 2 PSK
`6,2,4 Modulation procedures with subcanier
`
`DATA INTEGRITY
`7^1 The Checksum Proc^sdure
`7.U Parity checking
`7.h2 LRC procedure
`7.13 CRC procedure
`7,2 yloticolMsian
`7<2.1 How collision arises
`7£.2 Anticollision procedures
`1.2.2/1 Spatial domain antic<:)Uisioii procedure$
`1.2,2:2 Frequency domain anticollision prooe메m:es
`7,223 ^Time domain anticoUision procedures
`7.23 Application example- ™ binary search algorithm
`
`DATA SECyRITY
`SJ Moto^I Symmetrical, AoOwnticadon
`経.쪘 AothenticatioM Using »erived Keys
`S3 Eocrypted Data Transfer
`8.3.1 Stream cipher
`
`STANDARDISATION
`9.1 Animal Wexstifieation
`9J,1 ISO 11784 ™ Co<te structure
`9.1.2 ISO 11785 — Technical concept
`
`120
`120
`122
`122
`122
`123
`
`125
`126
`128
`技영
`132
`技3
`1.34
`
`137
`137
`137
`138
`09
`141
`141
`142
`142
`143
`143
`1 가4
`
`151
`ISI
`153
`154
`155
`
`159
`159
`159
`16Q
`
`■
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000195
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 10 of 22
`
`Table of Contents ix
`
`9.1.2、 1 Re 니置 1 ず會 fnRnts
`9.1.2.2 FullZhalf duplex system
`9/1.2> 3 S©이uentia?. system
`9.2 Contactless Smart Cards
`9v2J. ISO 10536 一 Close coupling smart cards
`유Part 1 •… Physical characteristics
`9.2.1.2 Part 2 一 Dimensions and locations of coiipling areas
`9.2. L3 Part 3 ― Electronic signals and reset prcce<inres
`9.2»! ,4 Part 4 - Answer to reset and transmission protocols
`9,2,2. ISO 14443 — Proximity e<;>apling siiiait cards
`얗、2.3 ISO 15693 一 Vicinitj^ coupling smart cards
`9.3 ISO 69873 — Data Carriers for Tools and Ciampiog Devices
`9.4 ISO 10374 ™ Container Identlficatlao
`9.5 vol 4470 — Ânti-tSseft Systems for Good愚
`9,5 J Pa.rt 1 一 Detection gates 一 inspection guide..lines for customers
`9,5.IJ. Ascertaining the false alanTi rate
`잤.& 1.2 .A.scertairnng t.he dekx^tion rat:e
`양"S よ ほ Forms in VDI 4470
`.Fart 2 …Deactivation devices, .inspection guideli.nes for customers
`9.5.2
`
`10 THE ARCHITECTURE OF ELEC후RO餐IC DATA
`CARRIERS
`10x1 Transpoisder with Memory Bimction
`10.1<1 HF interface
`10«1.2 Address and security logic
`10.1.2.1 State machine
`10.1.3 Memor>'' architecture
`10.1.3.1 Read-only transponder
`10.L3.2 Writeable transponder
`10,1.3.3 Transponder with cr^^ptological function
`10,L3,4 Segmented menxoxy
`1 양 ゝ13 < 5 MIFARE® application directory
`10.2 Microprocessors
`10,2.1 Dual interface card
`10;2.1J. M'lFARE® plus dual interface card
`1(歸3 Memory Technology
`10/34 RAM
`*
`K.),3.2 B.BPROM
`103.3 FRAM
`103.4 .Ferfornianee comparison .FRAM — EEPROM
`
`160
`162
`162
`163
`163
`163
`164
`164
`165
`165
`166
`1.67
`1.67
`168
`168
`169
`169
`169
`170
`
`171
`172
`172
`173
`174
`.175
`175
`177
`177
`97았
`181
`185
`187
`£용았
`190
`190
`191
`1.92
`194
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000196
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 11 of 22
`
`Th。RF>ID 11andbook
`
`4 4 5
`w 9 양
`
`7 ゝ 9 9 앗 1 5 6
`
`〇 0 0 0 1 1 1
`
`2 2 2 2 2 2 2
`
`10.4 Measurbig Physical Variabtes
`10.4/1 Transponder with sensor functions
`10,4<2 Measurements using microwave transponders
`
`1 협 READERS
`J.1,1 Dat^ Flow in an Application
`졌. 11효 Components of 経 Reader
`11,2/1 HF"ioterface
`1 れ2, 14 Inductively cciupled system, FDX/ilDX
`IL2.1.2 Microwave systems half ¢iup.k?x.
`11,2J. ,3 Sfö이卷玲整ti泌 systems — SEQ
`11«2,2 Control unit
`
`11,4 C〇5inection nf A類"츠對野霧投
`11 /4,1 Antennas for inductive systems
`1 L4>1.I Connection using current matehing
`11,4.'L2 Supply via coaxial cable
`11,4„1.3 The. Influence of the Q Factor
`
`ILS Reader Designs
`
`12 THE MÄ£얪导FACTURE OF TRANSPONDERS AND
`CONTACTLESS SMART CARDS
`12.1 McHiiile Manufacture
`
`12A C^ootactle^s Smart Cards
`
`13 EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS
`13/1 Cootactless Sosart eards
`13.2 Fisfolic Transport
`13.2A The starting point
`13.2.2 Reqiiiremeiits
`13„2.2.1 Transaction time
`13,2.2.2 Resistance to degradation, lifetime, convenience
`13.2.3 .Benefits of RI-n.D systems
`'13。急*4 Fare systems using electronic payment
`13,2,5 Market potential
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000197
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 12 of 22
`
`la.ble of Contents
`
`13.Mm Example projects
`13.2.6.1 Korea —• Seoul
`13.2.6.2 Germarey -- r>üneburgj Oldenburg
`
`iVIARKET OVERVIEW
`14.1 Selection Criteria
`14,1J Operatiiig frequency
`14.1.2 Range
`14 J, 3 Security requirements
`14.1 <4 Memory size
`혈4*2 System. Overview
`14.3 Contact Add籃發；龄卷务 Technical Periodicals
`14.34 Industrial associations
`143,2 Technical journals and 5席淀麗띦
`14.33 RFID on the Internet
`
`234
`234
`236
`
`242
`242
`244
`245
`245
`251
`253
`253
`256
`257
`257
`257
`259
`
`263
`263
`266
`269
`270
`271
`
`275
`275
`275
`276
`277
`278
`278
`287
`287
`2있 〇
`292
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSICOOO00198
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 13 of 22
`
`xii The R.F'ID Ha^^dbook
`
`
`
`
`쪄 5 APPENDICES
`IS.1 Relevant Standards asad Regolattom
`15-U SOlli安め욚 of supply for standards 雖!쎴 ix영數iMtk他s
`1&2 References
`
`16 IIMDEX
`
`293
`293
`294
`294
`
`299
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000199
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 14 of 22
`
`Preiace
`
`This book is aimed at an extremely wide range of readers. First and foremost it is intended
`for students and engineers who find themselves confronted w社h RFID technology for the
`first time. A few basic chapters are provided for this audience describing the functionality
`of RFID technology and the physical an세 IT»related principles 皿加this field. The
`book is also intended for practitioners who, as users, wish to or need to obtain a안
`comprehensive and detailed an öwmvieR of the various technologies, the legal framework
`or thむ p。s닪ib把 applications of RFID 踐8 posE>ibIe,
`Although a wide range of 烈?dいidu인! articles are now a\密HabEe on 야ns sul"yecL the task
`of gathering all 핪bs sca?:tewe셔 ii^fonxiation together when it s놉 needed is a tiresome and time­
`consuming one 一 as researching this book has p寳貝'¢d. This book therefore alms to fill a gap
`in the range of literature on the subject of RFID,
`This book uses numerous pict我冀嵌 and diagrams to attempt to give a graphic
`representation of R1*ID technology in the twest s创i딚e of the word. Particular emphasis i않
`placed on practical considerations. For this reason 밨直© chapter entitled "호Mampie
`Applications^' is particularly comprehensive.
`Technological developments in the field of RFID technology are proceeding at such a
`pace tliat although a book like this can explain the general scientifie principles it is not
`dynamic enough to be able to exp tore the latest trends regarding the most recent products
`on the market. I aiij therefore grateful for any suggestions and advice — particularly from the
`field of £駐엲發stry. The basic concepts and underlying physical principles remain, however,
`and provide a good background for understanding the latest de\ほlopme球$.
`At this point I would also like to express my thanks to those companies who were kin솂
`enough to contribute to the success of this project by providing numerous technical 샌龍a
`sheets, lecture manuscripts and photographs〇
`
`Munich, January 1998
`
`Klaus Finkenzeller
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSICOOO00200
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 15 of 22
`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 15 of 22
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSICOOO00201
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000201
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 16 of 22
`
`List of Abbreviations
`
`gp
`gs
`
`ABS
`AFC
`AM
`ASIC
`ASCII
`ASK
`
`Microproces s or
`Microsecond (10 * seconds)
`
`Acrylnitrilbutadienstyrol
`Automatic Fare Collection
`Amplitude Me겚祯latiowi
`Application Specific Integrated Circuit
`American Sta^xl邳d Code for Inforrnation Interchange
`Amplitude Shift Keying
`
`Bundesamt fur Post und Teiekommmiikation
`Baud, transmission speed in bit/s
`Bundesministerium f(ir Bildung und Forschung (Ministry' for Education
`and Research, was BMFT)
`Bandpass filter
`
`Capacitance (of a capacitor)
`Comité Europeen de Nonnalisation
`Conférence Européene des Postes et Telecommunications
`Close Coupling Integrated Circuit Chip Card
`Clock (timing signal)
`Cyclic Redundancy Checksum
`Comite Consultatif International lelegraphique et Téléphonique
`
`Logarithmic measure of power, related to 1 mW HF-power (0 dBm =
`1 mW, 30 dBm = IW)
`Differential Bi~Phase encoding
`Deutsche Industrienorm (German industrial standard)
`
`European Article Number (もaseo계彩 on groceries and goods)
`Electronic Article Surveillance
`Ex过01hE이联 e or electronic cash
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSICOOO00202
`
`BÂPT
`
`以B
`
`MBF
`
`BP
`
`C
`CEN
`CEPT
`cicc
`CLK
`CRC
`CCITT
`
`dBm
`
`DBP
`DIN
`
`EAN
`EAS
`EC
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 17 of 22
`
`The RFID Handbook
`
`Electric Erasable and Programmable Rma센 Only Memory
`Equivalent Radiated Power
`European Train Control System
`European Telecommunication Standard
`European Telecommunication Standards Institute
`Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
`European Vital Computer (part of ETCS)
`
`Full-Duplex
`F金。아ueEicy mo겐ul技tio置
`Ferroelectric Random Access Memoiy
`Frequency Shift Keying
`
`Global System for Meb기e Communication (was &oupe Special Mob갚e)
`
`Half-Duple 叢
`High Frequency (3 …30 MHz)
`
`Integrated Chip Card
`丄곘 entificatiöxi
`Industrial Scientific Medical (fre이联enc항 range)
`International S tandardization Organization
`
`Loop (inductance of a coil)
`Local Area Network
`Low Frequency (30 *…300 kHz)
`Low Power Device (low power radio system for the transmission of data
`or speech over a few hundred meters)
`Longitudinal Redundancy Check
`Least Significant Bit
`
`MIFARE® Application Directory
`Most Significant Bit
`
`Non-public mobile land radio (industrial radio, transport companies, taxi
`radio, etc〇
`Non -Return to Zero Encoding
`Negative Temperature Coefficient (thermal resistor)
`
`Optical Character Recognition
`Original E이敦ipment Manufacturer
`One Time Programmable
`
`Pergonal Computer
`Proximity Integrated Circuit Chip Card
`
`XVä
`
`EEPROM
`ERP
`.SL ゝ/爲»
`葺/厂c 잉
`ETS
`ETSI
`EMC
`EVC
`
`FDX
`FM
`FRAM
`FSK
`
`GSM
`
`HDX
`HF
`
`ICC
`ID
`ISM
`ISO
`
`LL
`
`AN
`LF
`LPD
`
`LRC
`LSB
`
`MAD
`MSB
`
`norriL
`
`•NRZ
`NTC
`
`OCR
`OEM
`OTP
`
`PC
`PICC
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSICOOO00203
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 18 of 22
`
`Lisi of AbbreAviations
`
`xvn
`
`pp
`PPS
`PSK
`PVC
`
`RADAR
`RAM
`RCS
`RFID
`RTI
`RWD
`
`SAM
`SAW
`SEQ
`SMD
`SRAM
`
`TR
`
`UHF
`UPC
`
`VDE
`
`Vice
`
`XOR
`
`zv
`
`Plastic Package
`Polypheny lensiiifide
`Phase Shift Keying
`Poly vinyl chi oride
`
`Radio Detecting and Ranging
`Random Access Memory
`Radar Cross Section
`Radio Frequency Identification
`Road Transport Information System
`Read Write Device
`
`Security Authentication Module
`Surface Acoustic Wave
`Se이日。心tiâ! System
`Surface Mounted Devices
`Static Random Access Memory
`
`Technische Richtlinie (Technical Guideline)
`
`Ultra High 更're일Mexzey (300 MHz … 3 GHz)
`Universal Product Code
`
`Verein Deutscher Elektrotechniker (GeiTnan Association of Electrical
`Engineers)
`Vicinity Integrated Circuit Chip Card
`
`eXclusive-OR
`
`Z數iassE爲z离s향wMSch遍ft (Licensing Regulation)
`
`HITAG® and
`MIFARE®
`LEGIC®
`MICROLOG®
`TIRIS®
`TROVAN®
`
`are 用敦&把免섾 trademarks of Philips elektronics N.V.
`is a registered trademark of Kaba Security 1.0eking Systems AG。
`is a registered trademark of Idesco,
`is a registered trademark of Texas Instruments,
`is a registered trademark of AEG ID systems«
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSICOOO00204
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 19 of 22
`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 19 of 22
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSICOOO00205
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSIC00000205
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 20 of 22
`
`Introduction
`
`In recent years automatic identification procedures (Auto ID) have become very popular in
`many service indusuies, purchasing and distribution logistics, industry, manufacturing
`companies and material flow systems. Automatic identification procedures exist to provide
`information about people, animals, goods and products in transit.
`The omnipresent barcode 1 효も感s that üiggered a resolution in identification systems
`some considerable time ago, are being found to be inadequate in an increasing number of
`cases. Barcodes may be extremely cheap, but their stumbling block is their low storage
`capacity and £he fact that they cannot be 玲prog賓童mnie셴*
`The technically optimal solution would be tlie storage of data m a silicon chip. The most
`common form of electronic data carrying d辭잏用cむ in use in everyday life is the smart card
`based upon a contact field (telephone smart card, bank cards). However, the mechanical
`contact used in the smart card is often impracticaL A contactless transfer of data between
`the data carrying de향社:e and its reader is far more flexible. In the ideal case, the power
`w巳잇uiwed to operate the electronic data carrying device ws登d also be transfen^ed from the
`reader using contactless technology. Because of the procedures 以sed for the transfer of
`power and data, contactless ID systems are called RFID systems (Ra솄io Frequency
`Identification).
`The number of companies that are actively involved in the dF矿elöpwneEil: 强n셰 s^e of
`RFID systems indicates that this is a market that should be taken seriously. Total worldwide
`sales of RF'ID systems for the year 2000 are estimated at above 2 billion US$. The RFID
`market therefore belongs to the fastest g星‘dp网n횸 sector of the radio technology industry,
`including mob갠© phones and cordless telephones>
`Furthermore, in recent years contactless identification has been dew얘야H快g into an
`independent in、t己f셌iscipüi驚成y field, which no longer fits into any of the conventional pigeon
`holes. It brings together elements from extremely varied fields: HF technology and EMC,
`semiconductor technology, data protection and cryptography, teleconraiunication s,
`manufacturing technology and many related areas.
`As an inti'oduction, the following chapter give조 a brief overview of different auto ID
`systems, that perform similar functions to RFID.
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSICOOO00206
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 21 of 22
`
`96
`
`The RFIW》Handbook
`
`In higher fwe이城e心cy systems operating at 6.78 MHz or 13,56 MHz, on the other hand,
`the 打‘敬項s므ond^r s load modulator is conuolled by a modulated subcarrier signal, (see Section
`6.2,4 *'Modulation procedures with subcaiiiefO. The subcarrier fwe이wae駐cy 儿 is normally
`212 kHz or 847 kHz (in. accordance with ISO 14443-2),
`Load mo셔戰laEio打 generates two sidebands at a distance of ± j£ to either side of the
`transmission f【。아uenry (see Figure 6,13). The infoniiation to be transmitted is contained
`niiiformly in each of the two sidebands. One of the two SMieb依nds is filtered in the reader
`and finally demodulated to reclaim the baseband signal of the modulated data stream.
`
`The influence of the Q factor As we know from the preceding section, we attempt to
`maximise the Q factor in order to also maximise the energy range mid the retroactive
`transformed transponder impedanee. From the point of view of the energy range, a high Q
`factor in the transponder resonant circuit is definitely desirable. If we want to transmit data
`from or to the transponder, then there will be a certain minimum b技Rdwid한事 that is ［自이uired
`for the transmission from the data carrier in the む雀mspo焉게er to the reeeiver in the reader.
`However, the bandwidtii B of the transponder resonaxit circuit is inversely proportional to
`the Q factor,
`
`方 = 套므오
`Ö
`
`(4.50)
`
`Each load modulation operation in the transponder causes a corresponding amplitude
`modulation of die current 4 in the transponder eoil. The mmh게atiöa sidebands of the current
`ね tliat 한ns generates are limited to some Regies by the b효wadwidth of tlie traiispondei*
`resonant cireuit, which is limited by practical considerations. The bandwidth 8 determines a
`frequency range ai'ound the resonant f【e이ue駐cy 扇&, at the limits of which the modulation
`前 deb였§ids of the current t in the ü'ansponder reach a damping of 3 dB relative to the
`resonant fwe#돌ueめcy. If the Q factor of the transponder is too high’ then the modulation
`sidebands of the current are 겐厘”ped to such a degree due to the low bandwidth that the
`range is reduced (transponder signal range), Tms can rapidly become critical, particMa께y in
`ti'ansponder systems with a modulated subcarrier«
`As mentioned above, transj^oiiders used in 13.56 MHz systems that support an
`anti collision algorithm are adjusted to a resonant f耍e 이 uency of 15 一 18 MHz to minimise the
`호辺um# influence of transponders. Due to the marked detuning of the transponder resonant
`fie이藤ency relative to the transmission frequency of the reader, the two rnodulation
`sidebands of a load modulation system with subcarrier are transmitted at a different level
`(see Figure 4,42).
`Tlie term, *bandwidth' is problematie here (the frequencies of the reader and the
`modulation sidebands may even lie outside the bandwidth of the transponder resonant
`circuit). However, the selection of the correct Q factor for the transponder resonant circuit
`is still important, because it can influence the transient effects during load modulation.
`Ideally, the "π泪awi Q factoi^^ of the transponder will be sE爲£셴 such that the energy
`range and transponder signal range of the system are identical. However, the calculation of
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSICOOO00207
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-6 Filed 05/19/22 Page 22 of 22
`
`25
`
`0=^10
`
`// Hz
`
`Figure 4,42: If the transponder resonant fwe힌ue庭cy is markedly detiined compai^ed to the
`transmission frequency of the reader, then the two rnoduiation si셔巳むa登ds will be transmitted at
`different levels,爲=847 kHz)
`
`an i솄eal Q factor is non-trivial and should not be underestimated because (lie Q factor is
`also strongly iw舊Ineロcs세 by £he shunt regulator (in connection with the distance d between
`transponder and reader antenna) aiid the load modulator itself, Furthemiore, the influence of
`the bandwidth of the transmitter antenna (series resonant circuit) on the le향el of the load
`modulation sidebands shö&xl녮 not be underestimated.
`Therefore, tlie development of axi inductively coupled RFID system is always a
`range and its data transmission speed (baud rate /
`compromise between th色
`subcarrier frequency). Systems that require a short transaction time (that is rapid 셴ata
`transmission and large b約联dwi셚th) often only have a range of a few centiRietres^ whereas
`systems with relatively long transaction times (that is slow data transmission and low
`bandwidtJi) can be designed to achieve a greater range, A good example of the former case
`is provided by contactless sman cards for local public transpoil applications, which caxry
`out authentication with the reader within a few 100 ms am였 must also transmit booking
`data- Contactless smart c経r셔s for ''hands ffee炎 access systems that transmit just a few bytes
`一 usually the serial number of the data carrier ™ within 1 ™ 2 seconds are an example of the
`latter case, A further consideration is that in systems wi않청 “lawg©" transmssion antenna, the
`data rate of the reader is restricted by the fact that only small sidebands may be g袞newake셰
`because of the need to comply with the radio licensing regulations (ETS, FCC), Table 43
`give& 원 brief overview of the relationship between range and bandwidth in inductively
`coupled RFID systems.
`
`DEF-AIRE-EXTRINSICOOO00208
`
`