Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 1 of 16
`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 1 of 16
`
` 
`
` 
`
` 
`
` 
`
` 
`
` 
`
` 
`
` 
`
` 
`
`  EXHIBIT 1
`EXHIBIT 1
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 2 of 16
`
`AIRE-SAMS-00001840
`
`a2) United States Patent
`Finkenzeller
`
`(0) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`May 8, 2012
`
`US008174360B2
`
`(54)
`
`(75)
`
`(73)
`
`COMMUNICATION APPARATUS FOR
`SETTING UP A DATA CONNECTION
`BETWEEN INTELLIGENT DEVICES
`
`Inventor: Klaus Finkenzeller, Unterfshring (DE)
`Assignee: Giesecke & Devrient GmbH, Munich
`(DE)
`
`(*)
`
`Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 1131 days.
`10/565,732
`
`Jul. 29, 2004
`
`Appl. No.:
`PCT Filed:
`
`(21)
`
`(22)
`
`(86)
`
`(87)
`
`(65)
`
`(30)
`
`PCT No.:
`
`PCT/EP2004/008537
`
`§ 371
`(2), (4) Date:
`
`Jun. 30, 2006
`
`PCT Pub. No.: W0O2005/013506
`
`PCT Pub. Date: Feb. 10, 2005
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2006/0244630 Al
`
`Nov. 2, 2006
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`(DE)
`
`Jul. 30, 2003
`
`103 34 765
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04Q 5/22
`US. Ch
`
`(2006.01)
`340/10.1; 340/539.23; 340/686.6;
`340/658; 340/13.2
`
`Field of Classification Search
`686.6, 658, 13.2, 101; 455/41.1,
`455/106
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5,287,112 A *
`2/1994 Schuermann ow. 342/42
`5,319,569 A *
`6/1994 Nichols etal.
`702/199
`5,489,908 A *
`2/1996 Orthmann etal.
`......... 340/10.32
`SA91,715 A *
`2/1996 Flaxl woe 375/344
`5,790,946 A *
`8/1998 Rotzoll
`455/343.1
`6,317,027
`11/2001 Watkins
`340/10.1
`6,353,406
`3/2002 Lanzl etal.
`342/118
`(Continued)
`
`......
`
`....
`
`DE
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`10/1985
`34 12 610
`(Continued)
`Primary Examiner — Daniel Wu
`Assistant Examiner — Nay Tun
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Bacon & Thomas, PLLC
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`The invention relates to a communication apparatus for auto-
`matically setting up a data connection between two intelligent
`devices (10, 20, 30). The apparatus comprises a coil (13, 23,
`33) for carrying out a contactless data exchange which is part
`of a transmission oscillator (50), a communication element
`(12, 22) which is connected to the coil (13, 23, 33) and the
`data processing component (11, 21) of an intelligent device
`(10, 20, 30) and emits search signals via the coil (13, 23, 33)
`to receive a response from another intelligent device (10, 20,
`30), measuring device (14, 24) for monitoring a property of
`the transmission oscillator (50), which outputs a control sig-
`nal when ascertaining a change in the monitored property, and
`a switching apparatus (15, 25) which is connected to the
`measuring device (14, 24) and the communication element
`(12, 22) and which switches on the communication element
`(12, 22) when it has received a control signal from the mea-
`suring device (14, 24).
`17 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets
`
`42
`
`at
`fe
`toe
`
`So
`
`146
`
`\
`
`12, 22
`
`element
`
`enteetee
`
`power
`
`i
`
`x
`
`ON/OFF |!
`
`i
`
`preset
`
`41
`
`40
`
`!
`
`i
`
`i
`
`i
`
`an
`
`iMeasuring|
`unit
`
`o
`5S
`
`Sa
`
`EN Na
`
`Time
`controller |”
`
`if
`
`ag 7
`
`45
`
`15, 25
`
`pep
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 3 of 16
`
`AIRE-SAMS-00001841
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`340/10.34
`6,476,708 B1* 11/2002 Johnson
`6,593,845 B1*
`. 340/10.33
`7/2003 Friedman et al.
`6,894,572 B2*
`331/74
`5/2005 Heideetal.
`6,905,074 B2*
`6/2005 Charrat ce 235/492
`7,209,014 B2*
`4/2007 Finkenzeller et al.
`.. 331/117 FE
`2002/0149376 Al* 10/2002 Haffneretal.
`324/635
`2005/0156752 Al
`7/2005 Finkenzeller et al.
`
`DE
`DE
`EP
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5/2000
`198 55 207
`8/2003
`102 06 676
`2/1996
`0 696 O11
`
`wo bsosban? AL
`No
`* cited by examiner
`
`Soe
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 4 of 16
`
`AIRE-SAMS-00001842
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 8, 2012
`
`Sheet 1 of 6
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`1
`
`|}
`
`t
`
`25
`
`apparatus
`Switching
`
`device
`Measuring
`
`22
`
`element
`cation
`Communi-
`
`Fig.1
`
`device
`Measuring
`
`12
`
`element
`cation
`Communi-
`
`15
`
`apparatus
`Switching
`
`computer
`Portable
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 5 of 16
`
`AIRE-SAMS-00001843
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 8, 2012
`
`Sheet 2 of 6
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`50
`
`13,23
`
`Fig.2
`
`controller
`Time
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 6 of 16
`
`AIRE-SAMS-00001844
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 8, 2012
`
`Sheet 3 of 6
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`Fig. 3
`
`Intelligent device ON
`
`>
`
`Connect 52; bandwidth high
`¥
`Connect 51; fResonance low
`
`C. element ON
`v
`Set up data connection
`
`Communication
`
`Data exchange finished?
`Yes
`C. element OFF
`
`|
`
`Bridge 52; Q high
`
`Disconnect 51; fResonancehigh
`Measuring unit ON
`
`No
`
`Monitoring of property
`
`—— Change in property?
`
`No
`
`Yes
`
`100
`
`102
`
`104
`
`106
`
`108
`
`110
`
`114
`
`116
`
`120
`
`122
`
`124
`
`130
`
`132
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 7 of 16
`
`AIRE-SAMS-00001845
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 8, 2012
`
`Sheet 4of 6
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`Intelligent device ON
`
`C. element ON
`
`204
`
`¥
`
`Other c. element present?
`No
`
`100
`
`202
`
`Yes
`
`C. element OFF
`
`206
`
`Fig. 4
`
`208
`
`>
`
`Communication
`
`|
`
`¥
`
`Measuring unit ON
`
`210
`
`Store measurement/measuring value
`
`912
`
`Determine measuring value average
`
`214
`
`Measuring value = average?
`
`Yes
`Measuring unit OFF
`
`No
`
`216
`
`218
`
`Other device present| 226
`
`unit OFF| 228
`
`C. element ON | 230
`
`Timing loop - Wait
`Intelligent device OFF? >
`Yes
`END
`
`220
`
`222
`
`224
`
`No
`
`¥
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 8 of 16
`
`AIRE-SAMS-00001846
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 8, 2012
`
`Sheet 5of 6
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`23
`
`61
`
`pon
`
`Osc.
`
`foun
`
`46
`
`Osc
`627
`
`66
`
`1/M
`
`637
`
`67
`
`Phase
`(| comp.
`64
`
`Low-pass
`filter
`
`U
`
`d/at
`
`dU/dt
`
`Thresh.
`
`switch
`
`Us
`
`>
`
`Fig. 5
`
`ay
`
`* dU/dt
`
`Us
`
`Fig. 6
`
`tl
`
`>
`
`> t
`
`>
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 9 of 16
`
`AIRE-SAMS-00001847
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 8, 2012
`
`Sheet 6 of 6
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`ay
`
`23
`
`~\
`Osc.
`
`Ur
`Osc
`
`46
`
`627
`
`66
`
`61
`
`>
`
`in J
`
`HE
`
`fi/N
`
`Phase
`(| comp
`64
`
`Low-
`pass
`filter
`
`637
`
`OM
`
`U
`
`didt
`
`dU/dt
`
`Fig. 7
`
`U
`
`67 _\
`|Thresh.
`switch
`
`Us
`
`R3
`
`Rl
`
`R2
`
`Cl
`
`R4
`
`=]
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 10 of 16
`
`AIRE-SAMS-00001848
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`1
`COMMUNICATION APPARATUS FOR
`SETTING UP A DATA CONNECTION
`BETWEEN INTELLIGENT DEVICES
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`This invention relates to the use of communication ele-
`ments automatically setting up a data connection in intelli-
`gent devices designed for carrying out a data transmission,
`the data connection set-up being triggered by the approach of
`two intelligent devices. A concept for automatically setting
`up a data connection between intelligent devices is known
`from the specification ECMA/TC32/TG19/2003/12 under
`the name of “Near Field Communication” (NFC). The pur-
`pose of the concept is to make the set-up of a data connection
`between intelligent devices as simple as possible. The con-
`cept provides for two intelligent devices both designed for
`carrying out an NFC protocol automatically setting up a data
`connection when they come together at a distance oftypically
`less than 0.2 meters. In a search mode one of the intelligent
`devices, the initiator, sends a search query which is answered
`by the second intelligent device, the target. In an immediately
`following data exchange the two intelligent devices agree on
`a data transmission mode according to whicha data exchange
`is then effected between the data processing components of
`the intelligent devices involved.
`Detection of whether another intelligent device is located
`within the response range of the NFC protocol is done in the
`search mode by cyclically emitting search queries. The
`parameters provided for the search queries are a transmitting
`frequency of 13.56 MHz and a magnetic field strength of at
`least 1.5 A/m up to a maximum of 7.5 A/m. The provided
`minimum field strength causes a relatively high constant
`power consumption in intelligent devices ready to carry out
`an NFC protocol. For devices with limited energy resources,
`especially forbattery-operated devices, this results in a reduc-
`tion of the possible service life. To reduce this undesirable
`effect, it can be provided to equip the intelligent devices with
`switching device to be actuated by the user for activating the
`search mode of an NFC unit. However, this possibility at least
`partly cancels out the goal of particular ease of operation
`aimed at by the NFC concept, since at least the switching
`function must be actuated separately.
`The standards ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 15693
`describe a method in whicha reading device tries to produce
`a data connection with another intelligent device (contactless
`chip card/RFID transponder). For this purpose, the reading
`device emits a search signal—REQUEST—periodically with
`high field strength (e.g. 1.5-7.5 A/m according to ISO/IEC
`14443) until an intelligent device comes into the response
`range of the reading device.
`German patent application DE 102 06 676 discloses a
`switching apparatus to be actuated with a transponder, which
`can be operated almost non-dissipatively as long as no
`switching process is triggered. The device to be switched has
`for this purpose a coil which is part of an oscillating circuit
`which is operated as a substantially unloaded pure oscillating
`circuit in the detection mode. The resonant frequency tunedin
`the oscillating circuit is monitored by a frequency observer.
`When a transponder with a transponder coil is brought close
`to the detection coil, the resonant frequency of the oscillating
`circuit changes. This is detected by the frequency observer,
`which thereupon produces a switching signal which switches
`on the device to be switched. The proposed solution focuses
`on the direct change from detection mode to data transmis-
`sion mode, i.e. on the direct, single-stage switch-on of an
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`55
`
`2
`intelligent device by means of a coil support which serves
`primarily as a switching component.
`SUMMARY
`
`The problem of the invention is to specify a communica-
`tion apparatus for intelligent devices designed for automatic
`data connection set-up, which has minimal energy consump-
`tion without restricting the ease of use.
`This problem is solved by an apparatus having the features
`as discussed herein. The inventive communication apparatus
`has a communication element with a coil for emitting search
`signals, whereby the search signal mode is only commenced
`when a property change in a transmission oscillator set up by
`means of the same coil has been detected by means of a
`measuring device. Since transmission oscillator and measur-
`ing device can be operated almost non-dissipatively, the out-
`put of search signals for detecting the presence ofcorrespond-
`ing intelligent devices must only be effected when a further
`intelligent device is possibly located within the response
`range of the coil. The energy requirement of the communica-
`tion apparatus can thus be considerably reduced. The inven-
`tive solution is therefore in particular also suitable for intel-
`ligent devices with limited energy resources, e.g. for battery-
`operated devices.
`It is particularly advantageous that an
`intelligent device equipped with an inventive communication
`apparatus can be handled just the same as if the device per-
`manently emitted search queries. No special actions by a user
`are required. Advantageously, the use of an inventive com-
`munication apparatus also does not require any intervention
`in the execution of the data connection set-up after detection
`of a further intelligent device present.
`In an advantageous development, it is provided that for
`carrying out a data transmission after the communication
`element is switched on an ohmic resistor is switched to the
`oscillating circuit to thereby increase the bandwidth of the
`transmission oscillator while reducing the quality factor.
`In a further advantageous development of the communica-
`tion apparatus, it is provided to influence the oscillating cir-
`cuit in such a way that the resonant frequency changes by
`connecting suitable components after the communication ele-
`ment is switched on. This additionally ensures that other
`intelligent devices designed for automatic data connection
`set-up in the same way are not disturbed by a search mode.
`In a further advantageous embodiment of the inventive
`communication apparatus, it is provided that the measuring
`device is put into operation only periodically. This permits the
`energy consumption of the communication apparatus to be
`reduced further. For realizing the periodic putting into opera-
`tion, the communication apparatus expediently has a time
`controller, and a measurement result is evaluated by compari-
`son with an average value obtained from preceding measure-
`ments.
`The measuring device preferably has two oscillator devices
`for producing oscillation signals, one such oscillator device
`being coupled with the coil. Further, the measuring device can
`have circuit components for producing the control signal for
`the switching apparatus on the basis of a phase relation
`between said oscillation signals or signals derived therefrom.
`This permits very precise monitoring of the transmission
`oscillator to be obtained with comparatively little effort, and
`the presence of a further device within the response range of
`the coil to be reliably ascertained in this way.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`An embodiment of the invention will hereinafter be
`explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in
`which:
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 11 of 16
`
`AIRE-SAMS-00001849
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`3
`FIG. 1 shows the structure and arrangement of intelligent
`devices designed for automatic data connection set-up,
`FIG. 2 shows a simplified equivalent circuit diagram of a
`communication apparatus,
`FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of the operation of a communi-
`cation apparatus,
`FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of the operation of a communi-
`cation apparatus provided with a time controller,
`FIG. 5 shows afirst embodiment of a circuit implementa-
`tion of the measuring unit by means of a PLL circuit,
`FIG. 6 shows a plurality of signal patterns within the mea-
`suring unit upon the approach of another device,
`FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of a circuit implemen-
`tation of the measuring unit by means of a PLL circuit, and
`FIG. 8 showsa circuit implementation of the functional
`blocks, voltage differentiator and threshold switch, from FIG.
`5 or 7.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`FIG. 1 shows intelligent devices 10, 20, 30 in different
`embodiments. All are designed to conduct a data exchange
`with one of the other intelligent devices 10, 20, 30 via a coil
`13, 23, 33. All intelligent devices 10, 20, 30 referred herein-
`after simply as devices have fundamentally the same kind of
`structure and consist of a data processing component 11, 21,
`31 and a communication apparatus 1, 2, 3.
`The data processing component 11, 21, 31 substantially
`brings about the intelligence of the devices 10, 20, 30 and
`comprises a central processor unit for executing data process-
`ing operations. The data processing component 11, 21, 31
`moreover substantially determines the outer form of the
`devices 10, 20, 30. As indicated in FIG. 1, the device 10, 20,
`30 can have e.g. the form of a portable computer 11 or a
`mobile telephone 21 or be realized in an RFID transponder
`with a chip 31, formed e.g. in a contactless chip card 30. The
`enumeration of possible forms of design is not final here.
`Besides those shown, the device 10, 20, 30 can likewise be
`realized e.g. in an article ofdaily use, such as a wrist watch, or
`a garment, such as a jacket, provided with electronic compo-
`nents, but also constitute a firmly installed reading device in
`a ticketing or access system.
`The communication apparatus 1, 2, 3 comprises in each
`case a communication element 12, 22, a coil 13, 23, 33 con-
`nected to the communication element 12, 22, a measuring
`device 14, 24, connectedto the coil 13, 23, 33, anda switching
`apparatus 15, 25 connected to the data processing component
`11, 21, the communication element 12, 22 and the measuring
`device 14, 24. In practical implementation, the communica-
`tion apparatus 1, 2, 3 is formed as a rule as one structural unit
`with the data processing component 11, 21 and is thus located
`e.g. in the housing of a portable computer 11, a mobile tele-
`phone 21 or is integrated in the chip 31 of a chip card 30.
`The function of the communication element 12, 22 is to
`ascertain the presence of another device 10, 20, 30 within the
`response range of the coil 13, 23, 33. The communication
`element 12, 22 has means for executing software program
`routines and can be formed as an independent assembly.
`When another device 10, 20, 30 has been detected, the com-
`munication element 12, 22 further automatically sets up a
`data connection thereto and produces the data transmission
`mode for a subsequent data exchange between the particular
`data-processing components 11, 21, 31.
`In a particularly
`expedient embodiment, the communication element 12, 22 is
`designed to execute an NFC protocol as described in the
`statedpublication ECMA/TC32-TG19/2003/1 2, or acontact-
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`4
`less transmission protocol as described e.g. in the standards
`ISO/IEC 14443, ISO/IEC 15699 and ISO/IEC 18000-3.
`The coil 13, 23, 33 is of the usual design and serves in the
`way known in the art to carry out a contactless data exchange
`with a corresponding device 10, 20, 30. As a rule, it is an
`integrated part of the device 10, 20, 30, as indicated in the
`execution as a chip card 30. Within the communication appa-
`ratus 1, 2, 3 the coil 13, 23, 33 is part of a transmission
`oscillator 50 with a defined, characteristic resonant frequency
`which can depend on the operating state of the device 10, 20,
`30.
`The measuring device 14, 24 is connected to the coil 13, 23,
`33 and detects a property of the transmission oscillator 50
`formed with the coil 13, 23, 33. It can in particular be of the
`type as described in the stated German patent application DE
`102 06 676.
`The switching apparatus 15, 25 serves to switch on and off
`the communication element 12, 22 and the measuring device
`14, 24. The switching on and off of one or both components
`12, 22 or 14, 24 can be done indirectly via the data processing
`component 11, 21. The switching apparatus 15, 25 serves
`further to connect and disconnect single elements of the mea-
`suring device 14, 24. Furthermore, the switching apparatus
`15, 25 can be used to switch other components (not shown) of
`a device 10, 20, 30.
`FIG. 2 shows a simplified equivalent circuit diagram of a
`device 10, 20, 30. The data processing component 11, 21, and
`therefore the external appearance of the device 10, 20,
`is
`represented therein by an on/off switch 40 operable by a user
`for switching on and off the main energy supply 41 of the
`device 10, 20. The main energy supply 41 can be in particular
`a battery or an accumulator. Particularly a firmly installed
`reading device can also use a mains voltage as the main
`energy supply 41. The presence of the switch 40 depends on
`the form of the device; in certain embodiments, e.g. upon
`execution as a chip card 30, the switch 40 can be omitted. The
`device 30 is then either constantly on or is switched on by an
`equally acting mechanism adapted to the design.
`The switching apparatus 15, 25 comprises two switches 42,
`44 which are drivable by means of an actuator 43, as well as
`optionally a time controller 45. Actuator 43 and time control-
`ler 45 are connected to the main energy supply 41. The first
`switch 42 is placed between the main energy supply 41 and
`the communication element 12, 22, the second switch 44
`between main energy supply 41 and measuring device 14, 25.
`The second switch 44 is actuated via the time controller 45
`which is connected for this purpose to the actuator 43 and
`receives a switching signal therefrom. The first switch 42 can
`be used to switch on and off not only the communication
`element 12, 22 but also further components (not shown) ofthe
`particular device 10, 20,30, as indicated by the connection
`146. All components of the switching apparatus 15, 25 can be
`realized discretely, as circuits or also in the form of software
`programs. Actuator 43 and time controller 45 moreover expe-
`diently have a certain intelligence and are designed to execute
`software program routines.
`The essential element of the measuring device 14, 24 is a
`measuring unit 46 which is switchable on and offby means of
`the switch 44 of the switching apparatus 15, 25. The measur-
`ing unit 46 is further connected to the actuator 43 of the
`switching apparatus 15, 25 as well as via a switch 47 to the
`coil 13, 23. The switch 47 is actuated by the actuator 43. It
`thereby connects the coil 13, 23 either to the measuring unit
`46 or to the communication element 12, 22. The coil 13, 23 is
`furthermore connected to the communication element 12, 22.
`Like the switching apparatus 15, 25, the components of the
`measuring device 14, 24 can be realized discretely, as circuits
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 12 of 16
`
`AIRE-SAMS-00001850
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`5
`or in the form of software programs. The measuring unit 46 is
`expediently likewise equipped with a certain intelligence and
`designed to execute software program routines. In embodi-
`ments ofthe device that are particularly restricted with regard
`to energy resources, e.g. upon execution in the form of a chip
`card 30, the measuring device can be omitted. The device 30
`can then be detected by other devices 10, 20 but not detect
`other devices 10, 20, 30 itself.
`Disposed in parallel with the coil 13, 23 is a capacitor 48
`which forms together with the coil 13, 23 a transmission
`oscillator 50. The transmission oscillator 50 is connectable
`via the switch 47 to the communication element 12 or the
`measuring unit 46. In parallel with the transmission oscillator
`50 but behind the switch 47 with respect to the transmission
`oscillator 50, a further capacitor 51 as well as a resistor 52 can
`be disposed. Both elements 51, 52 can be switched to the
`transmission oscillator 50 via the switch 47. The capacitor 51
`causes a change in the resonant frequency of the transmission
`oscillator 50, the resistor 52 an increase in the bandwidth
`while simultaneously reducing the oscillating circuit quality
`factor. The mentioned passive components 47, 49, 51, 52 can
`be executed as discrete components but also in the form of
`assemblies with a corresponding external effect.
`In an advantageous variant particularly suitable for devices
`10, 20 with sufficient energy resources, the measuring unit 46
`is formed as a frequency sweeper which sweeps the measur-
`ing frequency continuously over a predetermined frequency
`domain. The predetermined frequency domain comprises at
`least one frequency to which another device 10, 20, 30 is
`tuned.
`FIG. 3 illustratesa first possible operating mode of a device
`10, 20, 30. In accordance with the equivalent circuit diagram
`rendered in FIG. 2, it optionally has a capacitor 51 as well as
`a resistor 52 to influence the transmission oscillator 50.
`Operation starts by the device 10, 20, 30 being switched on,
`step 100, e.g. by means ofa switch 40 which actuates the main
`energy supply 41. Said switching-on also switches on the
`actuator 43. The latter then sets the switch 47 so that the coil
`13, 23, 33 is connected to the communication element 12, 22
`via the switch 47. At the same time, the setting of the switch
`47 causes the resistor 52, step 102, and the capacitor 51, if
`present, to be switched to the transmission oscillator 50, step
`104.
`Connection of the resistor 52 results in a worsening of the
`quality factor Q of the transmission oscillator 50, but at the
`same time causes an increase in the bandwidth B available for
`a data transmission in the transmission oscillator 50, since it
`applies to the relation between quality factor Q and band-
`width B that B=1/Q.
`Connection of the capacitor 51 reduces the resonant fre-
`quency of the transmission oscillator 50 and sets it to a trans-
`mission frequency suitable for a data transmission, e.g. 13.56
`MHz. The change makes the subsequent data transmission
`and the operation of the communication apparatus 1, 2, 3
`insensitive to interference by magnetic fields of devices 10,
`20, 30 of the same kind located in the vicinity and working in
`the detection mode, i.e. at a higher resonant frequency.
`Furthermore, the actuator 43 switches on the communica-
`tion element 12, 22, step 106. The communication element
`12, 22 thereby goes into the search mode and cyclically emits
`a search signal via the coil 13, 23, 33 to receive a response
`from another device 10, 20, 30 possibly located within the
`response rangeof the coil 13, 23, 33.
`If another device 10, 20, 30 is located within the response
`range of the coil 13, 23, 33 it reacts to the search signal by
`returning a response, whereupon the communication element
`12, 22 puts the communication apparatus 1, 2, 3 in the data
`
`25
`
`30
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`6
`transmission mode. For this purpose, it sets up a data connec-
`tion with the data processing component 11, 21, 31 of the
`answering device 10, 20, 30 using a suitable protocol, e.g. the
`above-mentioned protocols (NFC, 14443, ...), step 108.
`After the data connection is set up, the data processing
`component 11, 21, 31 conducts a data exchange via the coil
`13, 23, 33 in the known way with the corresponding data
`processing component 11, 21, 31 of the device 10, 20, 30
`present, step 110.
`The actuator 43 waits until the data exchange between the
`data processing components 11, 21, 31 of the devices 10, 20,
`30 involved is completed, step 114. Detection that the data
`exchange is finished can be effected by reception of a corre-
`sponding signal from the data processing component 11 or
`the communication element 12 or also by cyclical execution
`of a check step in the actuator 43 itself. The communication
`element 12, 22 can be connected to the time controller 45 and
`the actuator 43 independently of the switch 42.
`When the data exchange is finished, the actuator 42 puts the
`communication device 1, 2, 3 in the detection mode.
`For this purpose, the actuator 43 separates the communi-
`cation element 12, 22 from the main energy supply 41 by
`shifting the switch 42, step 116.
`Further, the actuator 43 actuates the switch 47 and connects
`the measuring unit 46 to the transmission oscillator 50. The
`switch actuation further causes the resistor 52 and optionally
`the capacitor 51 to be switched out of the transmission oscil-
`lator 50 again, step 120, 122. Removal of the resistor 52
`brings about in the transmission oscillator 50 an unloaded
`quality factor Q, which is determined in the ideal case only by
`the inductance of the coil 13, 23, 33, the oscillating circuit
`capacitor 48 and the input resistance of the coil 13, 23, 33. In
`accordance with the improved quality factor Q, the detection
`range increases in which other devices 10, 20, 30 present are
`detected in the detection mode.
`The possible switching off of a capacitor 51 permits the
`frequency of the oscillating circuit 50 and thus the measuring
`frequency ofthe measuring unit 46 to be optionally increased
`and set e.g. in the range of 13.56 to 17 MHz. This has the
`consequence that the measuring unit 46 is not, or not as
`strongly, influenced by other intelligent devices located in the
`close vicinity and in the communication mode (i.e. transmit
`mode). Since signals ofotherreading devices could otherwise
`be misunderstood as the approach of an intelligent device, the
`obtained reduction ofthe detection ofsignals of other reading
`devices is advantageous. Likewise, any other devices 10, 20,
`30 located in the vicinity which are in the data transmission
`mode are thus not disturbed during operation in the detection
`mode.
`Further, the actuator 43 switches on the measuring unit 46
`by actuating the switch 44 for producing the detection mode,
`step 124.
`The measuring unit 46 then monitors a property of the
`transmission oscillator 50. For example, it monitors the fre-
`quency tuned in the transmission oscillator 50 while the latter
`is operated in resonance.Ifin this state the coil 13, 23, 33 of
`another device 10, 20, 30 is brought into the detection range
`of the coil 13, 23, 33, this causes a change of resonant fre-
`quency in the transmission oscillator 50, which is detected by
`the measuring unit 46, step 132. Alternatively, it is also pos-
`sible to evaluate/measure the impedance of the transmitting
`oscillator 50 operated in resonance.
`When the measuring unit 46 has detected a change in the
`observed oscillating circuit property,
`it transmits a corre-
`sponding control signal to the actuator 43, whereupon the
`actuator 43 executes the steps 102 ff. again and initiates the
`search or data transmission mode.
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 31-1 Filed 05/19/22 Page 13 of 16
`
`AIRE-SAMS-00001851
`
`US 8,174,360 B2
`
`7
`If the measuring device 46 allows sweeping of the oscil-
`lating circuit frequency, monitoring of the oscillating circuit
`property is effected over the total frequency domain swept.
`The frequency domain swept contains at least the resonant
`frequency of one kind of device with which a data connection
`can be set up. If the resonant frequency of such a device 30 is
`e.g. 13.56 MHz, the sweep range can be for example between
`13 and 18 MHz. Ifa change in the oscillating circuit property
`occurs at any frequency within the frequency domain swept,
`the measuring unit 46 transmits a control signal to the actuator
`43 for executing the steps 102 ff.
`FIG. 4 shows a variant for operating a communication
`apparatus built up according to FIG. 2. The operating variant
`can be designed as an alternative or also in addition to the
`operating mode illustrated in FIG. 3. The operating variant
`shown in FIG. 4 presupposes that the device 10, 20, 30 has a
`time controller 45 as indicated in FIG. 2.
`Operation again starts by the device 10, 20 being switched
`on, step 100, e.g. by switching on the main energy supply 41
`by means of a switch 40.
`The communication apparatus 1, 2, 3 thereupon first goes
`the actuator 43
`into the search mode. For this purpose,
`switches on the communication element 12, 22, step 202,
`which subsequently checks by cyclically outputting search
`signals whether another device 10, 20, 30 is located within the
`response rangeof the coil 13, 23, 33, step 204.
`Ifthe outputting ofthe search signal in step 204 is followed
`by a response from another device 10, 20, 30 present, the
`communication apparatus 1, 2, 3 changes to the data trans-
`mission mode after set-up of a data connection with the other
`device 10, 20, 30, and conducts a data exchange with the
`detected device 10, 20, 30, step 208.
`If the search signal
`is not followed by a response, the
`actuator 43 switches off the communication element 12, 22
`again, step 206.
`Further, the actuator 43 activates the time controller 45
`which thereupon switches on the measuring unit 46 in cycli-
`cal switch on and off operation for a predetermined time by
`driving the switch 44 accordingly, step 210. The measuring
`unit 46 then performs a measurement of the monitored oscil-
`lating circuit property and stores the measuring value, step
`212. From all hitherto determined and stored measuring val-
`ues it subsequently forms a measuring value average, step
`214.
`Tt compares the measuring value obtained in step 212 with
`the determined measuring value average, step 216. If the
`measuring value corresponds to the average, no other device
`10, 20, 30 is located within the detection range of the trans-
`mission oscillator 50. The measuring unit 46 then performs
`no further function and is switched off by the action of the
`time controller 45, step 218. The measuring unit 46 subse-
`quently remains off, while the time controller 45 waits for the
`expiration of a predetermined offtime, step 220. The off time
`is expediently selected to be greater than the on time in which
`the measuring unit 46 performs the measurement.
`During the waiting period the device 10, 20 can be
`switched off as a whole, e.g. by actuating the switch 40, step
`222. When this case occurs, the working sequence ends, step
`224.
`If the predetermined off time expires without the device
`being switched off as a whole, the time controller 45 switches
`on the measuring unit 46 again by actuating the switch 44 and
`repeats the steps 210 ff.
`Ifthe check in step 216 yields that a measuring value found
`does not correspond to the determined measuring value aver-
`age, another device 10, 20, 30 is located within the detection
`range of the oscillating circuit 50, step 226. The measuring
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`8
`unit 46 then transmits a corresponding control signal to the
`actuator 43, whereupon the actuator 43 puts the communica-
`tion apparatus 1, 2, 3 in the search mode. For this purpose, it