Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 1 of 124
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 1 of 124
`
`EXHIBIT 6
`EXHIBIT 6
`
`
`
`

`

`(12) United States Patent
`Sorrells et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,588,725 B2
`*Nov. 19, 2013
`
`US008588725B2
`
`(54)
`
`(75)
`
`(73)
`
`(*)
`
`(21)
`(22)
`(65)
`
`(60)
`
`(60)
`
`APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR
`DOWN CONVERTING AND
`UP-CONVERTNGELECTROMAGNETIC
`SIGNALS
`
`Inventors: David F. Sorrells, Middleburg, FL (US);
`Michael J. Bultman, Jacksonville, FL
`(US); Robert W. Cook, Switzerland, FL
`(US); Richard C Looke, Jacksonville,
`FL (US); Charley D. Moses, Jr.,
`Jacksonville, FL (US); Gregory S.
`Rawlins, Heathrow, FL (US); Michael
`W. Rawlins, Lake Mary, FL (US)
`Assignee: ParkerVision, Inc., Jacksonville, FL
`(US)
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`This patent is Subject to a terminal dis
`claimer.
`
`Notice:
`
`Appl. No.: 13/618,621
`Filed:
`Sep. 14, 2012
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2013/O109338A1
`May 2, 2013
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`Continuation of application No. 12/876,356, filed on
`Sep. 7, 2010, now Pat. No. 8,295,800, which is a
`continuation of application No. 10/961.342, filed on
`Oct. 12, 2004, now Pat. No. 7,822,401, which is a
`division of application No. 09/855,851, filed on May
`16, 2001, now Pat. No. 7,010,286, which is a
`continuation-in-part of application No. 09/550,644,
`filed on Apr. 14, 2000, now Pat. No. 7,515,896.
`Provisional application No. 60/204.796, filed on May
`16, 2000, provisional application No. 60/213,363,
`filed on Jun. 21, 2000, provisional application No.
`60/272,043, filed on Mar. 1, 2001.
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`H04B I/26
`H04B I5/00
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`USPC ............ 455/313; 455/323; 455/334; 455/318
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`USPC ......... 455/313, 323,334, 318,316, 319, 325,
`455/333,339, 340–341, 130, 1972, 203,
`455/262, 265,284, 287, 326; 327/356 360
`See application file for complete search history.
`References Cited
`
`(56)
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,822,373 A 10/1998 Addy
`5,949,471 A
`9, 1999 Yuen et al.
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Notice of Allowance dated Oct. 22, 2012 cited in U.S. Appl. No.
`12/976,839, filed Dec. 22, 2010.
`(Continued)
`Primary Examiner — Pablo Tran
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Workman Nydegger
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`Methods, systems, and apparatuses for down-converting and
`up-converting an electromagnetic signal. In embodiments,
`the invention operates by receiving an electromagnetic signal
`and recursively operating on approximate half cycles of a
`carrier signal. The recursive operations can be performed at a
`Sub-harmonic rate of the carrier signal. The invention accu
`mulates the results of the recursive operations and uses the
`accumulated results to form a down-converted signal. In
`embodiments, up-conversion is accomplished by controlling
`a Switch with an oscillating signal, the frequency of the oscil
`lating signal being selected as a Sub-harmonic of the desired
`output frequency. When the invention is being used in the
`frequency modulation orphase modulation implementations,
`the oscillating signal is modulated by an information signal
`before it causes the Switch to gate a bias signal. The output of
`the switch is filtered, and the desired harmonic is output.
`41 Claims, 94 Drawing Sheets
`
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 2 of 124
`
`40
`
`404
`
`ENERGY TRANSFER
`
`ENERGY TRANSFER
`SIGNAL
`HAWNG ANAASING
`RAE
`
`ENERGY RANSFER
`SIGNAL
`MODE
`
`(OPTIONA)
`
`4.08
`
`408
`
`
`
`414
`
`DOWN-CONVERTED
`SIGNA
`
`OPTIONAL)
`FEEDBACK
`
`(OPTIONAL) INPUT
`SIGNAL
`
`412
`
`

`

`US 8,588,725 B2
`Page 2
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`
`
`5, 2001 Riordan et al.
`6,240,100 B1
`10/2002 Ruelke
`6.459,889 B1
`1/2008 Milne et al. ................... 375/330
`7,321,640 B2 *
`4/2009 Allott et al.
`7,522,900 B2
`5/2009 Pellegrino et al.
`7,536,331 B1
`7,630,700 B2 * 12/2009 Vaisanen ....................... 455,313
`7,668.527 B2* 2/2010 Vaisanen.
`... 455,323
`7,844,233 B2 * 1 1/2010 Vaisanen .................... 455,127.1
`8,223,898 B2
`7, 2012 Sorrells et al.
`8,224.281 B2
`7, 2012 Sorrells et al.
`8,229,023 B2
`7, 2012 Sorrells et al.
`8,233,855 B2
`7, 2012 Sorrells et al.
`8,295,406 B1
`10/2012 Sorrells et al.
`8,295,800 B2 10/2012 Sorrells et al.
`8,340,618 B2 12/2012 Sorrells et al.
`8.406,724 B2
`3/2013 Sorrells et al.
`8,407,061 B2 * 3/2013 Sorrells .......................... TO5/11
`8,446,994 B2
`5, 2013 Rawlins et al.
`2012/0114078 A1
`5, 2012 Sorrells et al.
`2012/0178398 A1
`7, 2012 Sorrells et al.
`2012fO220254 A1* 8, 2012 Sorrells et al. ................ 455,319
`2012fO243643 A1* 9, 2012 Sorrells et al. ................ 375/340
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Notice of Allowanced dated Jul. 26, 2012 cited in U.S. Appl. No.
`12/876,356, filed Sep. 7, 2010.
`
`Office Action dated Jun. 11, 2012 cited in U.S. Appl. No. 13/421,635,
`filed Mar. 15, 2012.
`Office Action dated Aug. 8, 2012 cited in U.S. Appl. No. 12/634,233,
`filed Dec. 9, 2009.
`Office Action dated Aug. 15, 2012 cited in U.S. Appl. No.
`12/118,111, filed May 9, 2008.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/428,816, date filed, Dec. 17, 2012, Office Action.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/323,550, date filed, Dec. 21, 2012, Office Action.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/421,635, date filed, Jan. 4, 2013, Notice of Allow
`aCC.
`U.S. Appl. No. 12/118,111, date filed, Jan. 7, 2013, Notice of Allow
`aCC.
`Notice of Allowance dated Feb. 22, 2013 cited in U.S. Appl. No.
`12/634,233, filed Dec. 9, 2009.
`Office Action dated May 29, 2013 in U.S. Appl. No. 13/550,492, filed
`Mar. 14, 2013.
`Final Office Action dated Jun. 28, 2013 in U.S. Appl. No. 13/323,550,
`filed Dec. 12, 2011.
`Notice of Allowance dated Aug. 2, 2013 in U.S. Appl. No.
`13/618,621, filed Sep. 14, 2012.
`Office Action dated Aug. 5, 2013 in U.S. Appl. No. 13/549,213, filed
`Mar. 23, 2012.
`Notice of Allowance dated Aug. 14, 2013 in U.S. Appl. No.
`13/323,550, filed Dec. 12, 2011.
`Office Action dated Aug. 14, 2013 in U.S. Appl. No. 13/550,501, filed
`Jul. 16, 2012.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 3 of 124
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 19, 2013
`
`Sheet 1 of 94
`
`US 8,588,725 B2
`
`102
`
`2.
`UNIVERSA FREOUENCY
`TRANSLATION (UFT)
`MODUE
`
`PORT 2
`
`
`
`PORT 1
`
`
`
`PORT 3
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL
`FIG. 1A
`
`UNIVERSA FREQUENCY
`TRANSLATION (UFI)
`MODULE O3
`
`O6
`
`PORT 1 o
`
`-o POR 2
`
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 4 of 124
`
`PORT 5
`CONTROL
`SGNA
`108
`FG, 1B
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 19, 2013
`
`Sheet 2 of 94
`
`US 8,588,725 B2
`
`
`
`115
`
`UNIVERSAL FREQUENCY
`DOWN-CONVERSION
`(UFD) MODULE 114
`
`PORT 1 a
`
`o POR 2
`
`for
`
`, POR 3
`CONTROL
`SIGNA
`
`POR
`
`
`
`o
`
`
`
`
`
`UNIVERSAL FREQUENCY
`UP-CONVERSION
`(UFU) MODULE 116
`
`117
`
`
`
`ul pull
`
`o POR 2
`
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 5 of 124
`
`, PORT 3
`CONTROL
`SIGNA
`
`F.G. 1D
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 19, 2013
`
`Sheet 3 of 94
`
`US 8,588,725 B2
`
`UNIVERSAL FREQUENCY
`TRANSLATION (UFT)
`MODULE 202
`
`PORT
`w-wm-
`
`PORT 2/3
`p
`
`2O4
`
`CONTROL
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`
`2d6
`
`FG.2
`
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 6 of 124
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`US 8,588,725 B2
`
`
`
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 7 of 124
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 19, 2013
`
`Sheet 5 of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 8 of 124
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 9 of 124
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 9 of 124
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.19, 2013
`
`Sheet 6 of 94
`
`US 8,588,725 B2
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`
`
`DOWN~CONVERTEDOUTPUTSIGNAL
`
`312
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`

`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 10 of 124
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 10 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 16 of 124
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 17 of 124
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 32 of 124
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`Nov.19, 2013
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 34 of 124
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 34 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov.19, 2013
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 37 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 35 of 94
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Nov.19, 2013
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 73 of 124
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 73 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 73 Of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 74 of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 75 Of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 78 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 80 of 124
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 80 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 77 of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 81 of 124
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 82 of 124
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 82 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 79 of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 80 of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 84 of 124
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 84 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 81 of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 82 of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 85 of 124
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 86 of 124
`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 86 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov.19, 2013
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`Sheet 83 of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 84 of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 88 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 86 of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 89 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 87 Of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 91 of 124
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 92 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov.19, 2013
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`Sheet 89 of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 90 Of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 91. Of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 92 Of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 95 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 93 Of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00520-ADA Document 32-5 Filed 02/23/22 Page 96 of 124
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 19, 2013
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`Sheet 94 of 94
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`METHOD FOR Down-convernNG AN
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`US 8,588,725 B2
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`1.
`APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR
`DOWN CONVERTING AND
`UP-CONVERTINGELECTROMAGNETIC
`SIGNALS
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`2
`In another embodiment, the electromagnetic signal is a
`frequency modulated (FM) signal, which is down-converted
`to a non-FM signal. Such as a phase modulated (PM) signal or
`an amplitude modulated (AM) signal.
`In one embodiment, the invention uses a stable, low fre
`quency signal to generate a higher frequency signal with a
`frequency and phase that can be used as stable references.
`In another embodiment, the present invention is used as a
`transmitter. In this embodiment, the invention accepts an
`information signal at a baseband frequency and transmits a
`modulated signal at a frequency higher than the baseband
`frequency.
`In an embodiment, the invention operates by receiving an
`electromagnetic signal and recursively operating on approxi
`mate half cycles of a carrier, signal. The recursive operations
`are typically performed at a Sub-harmonic rate of the carrier
`signal. The invention accumulates the results of the recursive
`operations and uses the accumulated results to form a down
`converted signal.
`The methods and systems of transmitting vary slightly
`depending on the modulation scheme being used. For some
`embodiments using frequency modulation (FM) or phase
`modulation (PM), the information signal is used to modulate
`an oscillating signal to create a modulated intermediate sig
`nal. If needed, this modulated intermediate signal is “shaped
`to provide a substantially optimum pulse-width-to-period
`ratio. This shaped signal is then used to control a Switch that
`opens and closes as a function of the frequency and pulse
`width of the shaped signal. As a result of this opening and
`closing, a signal that is harmonically rich is produced with
`each harmonic of the harmonically rich signal being modu
`lated substantially the same as the modulated intermediate
`signal. Through proper filtering, the desired harmonic (or
`harmonics) is selected and transmitted.
`For some embodiments using amplitude modulation
`(AM), the switch is controlled by an unmodulated oscillating
`signal (which may, if needed, be shaped). As the Switch opens
`and closes, it gates a reference signal, which is the informa
`tion signal. In an alternate implementation, the information
`signal is combined with a bias signal to create the reference
`signal, which is then gated. The result of the gating is a
`harmonically rich signal having a fundamental frequency
`Substantially proportional to the oscillating signal and an
`amplitude substantially proportional to the amplitude of the
`reference signal. Each of the harmonics of the harmonically
`rich signal also has amplitudes proportional to the reference
`signal, and is thus considered to be amplitude modulated. Just
`as with the FM/PM embodiments described above, through
`proper filtering, the desired harmonic (or harmonics) is
`selected and transmitted.
`The invention is applicable to any type of electromagnetic
`signal, includin