Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 1 of 16
`
`Exhibit D
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 2 of 16
`I lllll llllllll Ill lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll 111111111111111111111111111111111
`US010075941B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Li et al.
`
`(IO) Patent No.: US 10,075,941 B2
`Sep.11,2018
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`(54) METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR
`MULTI-CARRIER COMMUNICATION
`SYSTEMS WITH ADAPTIVE
`TRANSMISSION AND FEEDBACK
`
`(71) Applicant: Neocific, Inc., Bellevue, WA (US)
`
`(72)
`
`Inventors: Xiaodong Li, Kirkland, WA (US);
`Titus Lo, Bellevue, WA (US); Kemin
`Li, Bellevue, WA (US); Haiming
`Huang, Bellevue, WA (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: Neocific, Inc., Bellevue, WA (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 15/082,878
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Mar. 28, 2016
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2017/0055245 Al
`
`Feb. 23, 2017
`
`(63)
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`Continuation of application No. 14/539,917, filed on
`Nov. 12, 2014, now Pat. No. 9,301,296, which is a
`continuation of application No. 13/246,677, filed on
`Sep. 27, 2011, now abandoned, which
`is a
`continuation of application No. 12/755,313, filed on
`Apr. 6, 2010, now Pat. No. 8,027,367, which is a
`continuation of application No. 10/583,529, filed as
`application No. PCT/US2005/004601 on Feb. 14,
`2005, now Pat. No. 7,693,032.
`
`(60)
`
`Provisional application No. 60/544,521, filed on Feb.
`13, 2004.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04B 7100
`H04W72/04
`H04L 5100
`
`(2006.01)
`(2009.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`(2006.01)
`(2017.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2009.01)
`
`H04L 27126
`H04B 710413
`H04L 1100
`H04W 52126
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`CPC ...... H04W 7210406 (2013.01); H04B 710413
`(2013.01); H04L 110026 (2013.01); H04L
`110029 (2013.01); H04L 110068 (2013.01);
`H04L 110073 (2013.01); H04L 51006
`(2013.01); H04L 510007 (2013.01); H04L
`510046 (2013.01); H04L 510048 (2013.01);
`H04L 2712608 (2013.01); H04W 721044
`(2013.01); H04L 110003 (2013.01); H04L
`110009 (2013.01); H04L 510091 (2013.01);
`H04W 52126 (2013.01)
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`CPC .. H04W 72/044; H04B 7/0413; H04L 1/0026;
`H04L 1/0029; H04L 1/0068; H04L 5/006;
`H04L 5/0046
`USPC ........ 370/310, 328, 349, 350, 431, 436, 458
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`7,436,757 Bl* 10/2008 Wilson .................. H04L 5/0058
`370/203
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Primary Examiner - Dmitry H Levitan
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm - Perkins Coie LLP
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`An arrangement is disclosed where in a multi-carrier com(cid:173)
`munication system, the modulation scheme, coding attri(cid:173)
`butes, training pilots, and signal power may be adjusted to
`adapt to channel conditions in order to maximize the overall
`system capacity and spectral efficiency without wasting
`radio resources or compromising error probability perfor(cid:173)
`mance, etc.
`
`14 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets
`
`Adaptation Process
`
`\ f'
`\ \\,
`\
`' , '
`i Other Sub-]
`\
`----- -------;
`<
`g~in
`j ga .• n! chan!nels
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`r--------:
`Trainingi
`fransm!ssior
`).,_
`~ CRC ]---• Puncturing & ----i- Modulatlon ··-- Pilots ~®-'"fl{- _\ __ Process mg -->l,(y------..
`~' _:
`nsertiot~':,:,
`Repetition
`(e.g., IFFT,
`Cyclic pretix,
`
`/I
`
`/
`Encoding
`
`~~·-~ 1
`
`\,
`
`\>.
`
`Other
`
`Interleaving
`
`601
`
`V.Jrying Coding
`RQte
`
`504
`Varying
`Modulation:
`QPSK, 16QAM,
`64QAM etc.
`
`!:Oti
`
`O:ff~rent
`Pilot pattern~
`
`:ieamforming
`
`5D.5
`Trnnsmisslon
`Power Cont!"ol
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 3 of 16
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.11,2018
`
`Sheet 1 of 8
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`...... ""•· ·········"·"·
`
`\
`
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`
`.. :i
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 4 of 16
`
`s 1 2 3 2 p 3 1 2 1 3 2 1 p 2 1 3 s 3 2 p 3 2 1 3 p 2 1 p 1 3 s
`
`... .
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`·rt+t1+1tr+t11tr+•+t1+t1+1tr11+•
`~=
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`(frequency)
`
`p t Pilot subcarriers
`
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`
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`t. Subcarriers for
`
`Channel
`
`s + i Silent subcarriers
`
`~
`
`2 t Subcarriers for
`I subchannel2
`FIG. 2
`
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`A
`i Subcarriers for
`l subchannel 3
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`e •
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`~ = ~
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`--= = -....l
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`tit
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`~
`
`"'"" = N
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 5 of 16
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.11,2018
`
`Sheet 3 of 8
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`'*' IS
`
`~
`
`'*' IS
`
`~
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`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 6 of 16
`
`Forward control information
`r-----------------------~
`4M
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
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`.... I····....
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`i 401 .......
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`•
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`l Data transmission
`""'> ./
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`406
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`Process
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`.,1 _______ ..
`··....
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`
`Device A
`
`.
`\
`
`.... ,,., & • • ~· • • ~ • • • • •
`
`410
`.
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`:
`I
`1 .:
`Process
`:- - -r - - ::-..- Device B
`• ....... •••ooi••••"•_.•"
`
`412
`CQI
`FIG. 4
`
`e •
`
`00
`•
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`~
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`
`~ = ~
`
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`('D
`
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`....
`0 ....
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`'"
`N
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`QO
`
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`.....
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`d
`rJl.
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`'"= = -....l
`tit
`\c
`~
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`"'"" = N
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 7 of 16
`
`Adaptation Process
`
`e •
`
`00
`•
`~
`~
`~
`
`~ = ~
`
`Encoding
`
`CRC
`
`Puncturing &
`Repetition
`
`Modulation-
`
`Training
`Pilots
`lnsertio
`
`Other Suba
`gain I channels
`I
`
`l
`@-
`~
`
`.CD
`
`•
`
`Interleaving
`
`501
`
`Varying Coding
`Rate
`
`504
`Varying
`Modulation:
`QPSK, 16QAM,
`64QAM etc.
`
`506
`
`Different
`Pilot patterns
`
`gain L !-
`
`Other
`ransmissio
`Processing
`(e.g., IFFT1
`Cyclic prefix,
`eamforming
`
`508
`Transmission
`Power Control
`
`FIG. 5
`
`1J1
`('D
`
`'? ....
`....
`0 ....
`
`'"
`N
`
`QO
`
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`
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`d
`rJl
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`'"= = -....l
`tit
`\c
`~
`
`"'"" = N
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 8 of 16
`
`AMCTP indicator on
`forward control channel
`
`Forward data
`transmission ~ · ~ · -..+
`
`602
`
`604
`1
`
`602
`
`1::;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;::::1
`
`604
`2
`
`CQI on
`~-~-+
`Return channel
`
`606
`CQI
`
`CQI Delay
`
`FIG. 6
`
`606
`
`CQI I
`
`time
`
`e •
`
`00
`•
`~
`~
`~
`
`~ = ~
`
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`0 ....
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`N
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`
`1J1 =-('D
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`d
`rJl
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`'"= = -....l
`tit
`\c
`~
`
`"'"" = N
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 9 of 16
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.11,2018
`
`Sheet 7 of 8
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`N
`0
`I'-
`
`.n .
`
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`
`ro .
`
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`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 10 of 16
`
`804
`
`802
`~~
`(-j"-~
`G1
`,
`
`Subchannel 1
`
`Subc!1annel 2
`
`.. . . IDFT
`
`....
`
`Add
`cyclic
`prefix
`
`.. .. Parallel
`
`to Serial!
`(P/S)
`
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`
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`I
`
`..
`
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`
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`fl fl
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`
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`
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`
`FIG .. 8
`
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`
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`
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`'"= = ---l
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`"'"" = N
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 11 of 16
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`1
`METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR
`MULTI-CARRIER COMMUNICATION
`SYSTEMS WITH ADAPTIVE
`TRANSMISSION AND FEEDBACK
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATION(S)
`
`2
`TPC is one of many functions in some wireless systems,
`along with MCS, pilot attributes, subchannel configuration,
`etc.
`The subchannel configuration is normally defined and
`fixed in an operation, and it is usually not considered an
`adjustable function of the system to be adapted to the user
`profile and/or operational environment.
`
`5
`
`This application is a continuation application of, and
`incorporates by reference in its entirety, U.S. patent appli- 10
`cation Ser. No. 14/539,917, now granted U.S. Pat. No.
`9,301,296, filed Nov. 12, 2014, which is a continuation
`application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/246,677,
`filed Sep. 27, 2011, which is a continuation application of
`U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/755,313, now granted 15
`U.S. Pat. No. 8,027,367, filed Apr. 6, 2010, which is a
`continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
`10/583,529, now granted U.S. Pat. No. 7,693,032, having a
`371 date of May 10, 2007, which is a national stage
`application of International Application No. PCT/US2005/ 20
`004601, filed Feb. 14, 2005, which claims the benefit of U.S.
`Provisional Patent Application No. 60/544,521, filed Feb.
`13, 2004. This application also relates to PCT Application
`No. PCT/US05/03518 titled "Methods and Apparatus for
`Overlaying Multi-Carrier and Direct Sequence Spread Spec- 25
`trum Signals in a Broadband Wireless Communication Sys(cid:173)
`tem," filed Jan. 27, 2005, which claims the benefit of U.S.
`Provisional Application No. 60/540,032 filed Jan. 29, 2004
`and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/540,586 filed Jan.
`30, 2004.
`
`30
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 is a representative cellular communication system.
`FIG. 2 is a basic structure of a multi-carrier signal in the
`frequency domain, made up of subcarriers.
`FIG. 3 depicts a radio resource divided into small units in
`both frequency and time domains: subchannels and time
`slots.
`FIG. 4 is an illustration of a control process between
`Device A and Device B, each of which can be a part of a base
`station and a mobile station depicted in FIG. 1.
`FIG. 5 illustrates a joint adaptation process at a transmitter
`of an OFDM system which controls coding, modulation,
`training pilot pattern, and transmission power for a subchan(cid:173)
`nel.
`FIG. 6 is an illustration of a control messaging associated
`with data transmission between communication devices.
`FIG. 7 illustrates two different training pilot patterns
`plotted for a multi-carrier system.
`FIG. 8 illustrates a power control in AMCTP scheme for
`an OFDM system.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) has been used in
`wireless systems to improve spectral efficiency in a fading
`environment where signal quality varies significantly. By
`adjusting the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) in
`accordance with the varying signal-to-interference-plus(cid:173)
`noise ratio (SINR), reliable communication link can be
`maintained between communicating devices. For example,
`in CDMA2000 lxEV-DO system, twelve different modula(cid:173)
`tion/coding schemes are provided. AMC is also used in
`CDMA2000 lxEV-DV and 3GPP HSDPA systems.
`To improve performance, in addition to the MCS, other
`system functions such as chamiel estimation, transmission 45
`power control (TPC), and subchannel configuration can be
`adjusted in accordance with the state of the communication
`channel. For example, chamiel estimation typically utilizes
`training symbols or pilot data, which are known to both the
`transmitter and the receiver. For coherent modulation, the 50
`channel information can be extracted at the receiver by
`comparing the pilots and their corresponding received ver(cid:173)
`sions. For non-coherent modulation, the received samples of
`the pilots are used as reference for the detection of the
`transmitted data.
`Channel estimation is an important part of multi-carrier
`(MC) communication systems such as Orthogonal Fre(cid:173)
`quency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In conven(cid:173)
`tional OFDM systems, such as IEEE802.lla, 802.llg,
`802.16, or DVB-T system, pilots are transmitted for channel
`estimation. The pilots are fixed and form part of other
`functions such as MCS, TPC, and subchannel configuration
`in some wireless systems.
`Fast TPC can compensate for fast fading. In a multi-cell
`multiple-access system, TPC is also used to reduce intra-cell 65
`and inter-cell interference and to conserve battery life for the
`mobile station by transmitting with only necessary power.
`
`Methods and apparatus for adaptive transmission of wire(cid:173)
`less communication signals are described, where MCS
`35 (modulation and coding scheme), coding rates, training pilot
`patterns, TPC (transmission power control) levels, and sub(cid:173)
`channel configurations are jointly adjusted to adapt to the
`channel conditions. This adaptation maximizes the overall
`system capacity and spectral efficiency without wasting
`40 radio resources or compromising error probability perfor-
`mance.
`Furthermore, the subchamiel composition is designed to
`be configurable so that it can be adjusted statically or
`dynamically according to the user profiles or environmental
`conditions. The methods for obtaining the channel informa(cid:173)
`tion and for transmitting the control information in the joint
`adaptation scheme are also described below, such as feed(cid:173)
`back of channel condition and indexing of the joint scheme,
`along with methods for reducing the overhead of messaging.
`The mentioned multi-carrier system can be of any special
`format such as OFDM, or Multi-Carrier Code Division
`Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) and can be applied to down(cid:173)
`link, uplink, or both, where the duplexing technique is either
`Time Division Duplexing (TDD) or Frequency Division
`55 Duplexing (FDD).
`The apparatus and methods are described with respect to
`various embodiments and provide specific details for a
`thorough understanding and enablement. One skilled in the
`art will understand that the invention may be practiced
`60 without such details. In some instances well-known struc-
`tures and functions are not shown or described in detail to
`avoid unnecessarily obscuring
`the description of the
`embodiments.
`Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout
`the description and the claims, the words "comprise," "com(cid:173)
`prising," and the like are to be construed in an inclusive
`sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 12 of 16
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`4
`3
`to say, in the sense of"including, but not limited to." Words
`coding rates, pilot patterns, power levels, spatial processing
`using the singular or plural number also include the plural or
`schemes, subchannel configurations, etc. in accordance with
`singular number respectively. Additionally,
`the words
`the transmission channel state and condition, for improving
`"herein," "above," "below" and words of similar import,
`system performance and/or capacity.
`when used in this application, shall refer to this application
`Below, AMCTP (adaptive modulation, coding, training
`as a whole and not to any particular portions of this
`and power control) is used as a general term, where its
`application. When the claims use the word "or" in reference
`variations can be applied to appropriate applications. There
`to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the
`are different adaptive transmission schemes that are subsets
`following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the
`of the AMCTP scheme, such as AMCT (adaptive modula(cid:173)
`list, all of the items in the list and any combination of the 10
`tion, coding and training), AMTP (adaptive modulation,
`items in the list.
`training, and power control), AMT (adaptive modulation and
`The content of this description is applicable to a commu(cid:173)
`training), and so forth.
`nication system with multiple transmitters and multiple
`FIG. 4 is an illustration of the control process between
`receivers. For example, in a wireless network, there are a
`15 Device A and Device B, each of which can be a part ofa base
`number of base stations, each of which provides coverage to
`station and a mobile station depicted in FIG. 1, during
`its designated area, typically called a cell. Within each cell,
`adaptive transmission. The transmitter 401 of Device A
`there are mobile stations. FIG. 1 illustrates a communication
`transmits data 402 and associated control information 404 to
`system that is representative of such a system, where Base
`Device B, based on an output of the adaptation process 406.
`Station 110 is communicating with Mobile Stations 101 and
`102 in Sector A of its cell site while Base Station 120 is 20 After a receiver 408 of Device B receives the transmitted
`data 402 and control information 404, a measurement pro(cid:173)
`communicating with Mobile Stations 103, 104, and 105 in
`Sector B of its cell site.
`cess 410 of Device B measures a channel conditions and
`A multi-carrier multiple-access system is a special case of
`feeds a channel quality information (CQI) 412 back to
`general communication systems and hereinafter is employed
`Device A.
`as a representative communication system to describe the 25
`The granularity of AMCTP schemes in a multi-carrier
`embodiments of the invention.
`system can be user-based, where one or multiple subchan(cid:173)
`Multi-Carrier Communication System
`nels may be used, or the granularity can be subcharmel(cid:173)
`based, where a subcharmel may contain one or more sub(cid:173)
`The physical media resource (e.g., radio or cable) in a
`carriers. Likewise, the granularity of CQI can be user- or
`multi-carrier communication system can be divided in both
`30 subchannel-based. Both AMCTP and CQI may change over
`the frequency and the time domains. This canonical division
`provides a high flexibility and fine granularity for resource
`time and may differ from one time slot to another.
`sharing.
`FIG. 5 illustrates a joint adaptation process at a transmitter
`The basic structure of a multi-carrier signal in the fre(cid:173)
`of an OFDM system which employs separate processing
`quency domain is made up of subcarriers. Within a particular
`block to control the coding 502, modulation 504, training
`spectral band or charmel, there are a fixed number of
`35 pilot pattern 506, and transmission power for a subchannel
`subcarriers, and there are three types of subcarriers:
`508. Each block may be implemented combined or sepa(cid:173)
`1. Data subcarriers, which carry information data;
`rately in circuitry, in dedicated processors, in a digital signal
`2. Pilot subcarriers, whose phases and amplitudes are
`processor, as a microprocessor implemented subroutine, etc.
`predetermined and made known to all receivers and
`FIG. 6 is an illustration of control messaging associated
`which are used for assisting system functions such as
`40 with the data transmission between communication devices,
`estimation of system parameters; and
`such as Device A and B in FIG. 4. In FIG. 6 the AMCTP
`3. Silent subcarriers, which have no energy and are used
`indicator 602 is associated with data transmission 604 on a
`for guard bands and DC carrier.
`forward link from the transmitter to the receiver, and CQI
`The data subcarriers can be arranged into groups called
`606 is associated with the information feedback from the
`subchannels to support scalability and multiple-access. The 45
`receiver to the transmitter on a return channel.
`carriers forming one subchannel are not necessarily adjacent
`In a system where AMCTP is used, the transmitter relies
`to each other. Each user may use part or all of the subchan(cid:173)
`on the CQI to select an appropriate AMCTP scheme for
`transmitting the next packet, or retransmitting a previously
`nels. The concept is illustrated in FIG. 2, which is the basic
`failed packet, required in an automatic repeat request (ARQ)
`structure of a multi-carrier signal in the frequency domain,
`process. The CQI is a function of one or more of the
`made up of subcarriers. Data subcarriers can be grouped into 50
`following: received signal strength; average SINR; variance
`subchannels in a specified manner. The pilot subcarriers are
`in time; frequency or space; measured bit error rate (BER);
`also distributed over the entire channel in a specified man(cid:173)
`ner.
`frame error rate (FER); or mean square error (MSE). Chan(cid:173)
`The basic structure of a multi-carrier signal in the time
`nel conditions hereinafter are referred to as one or more of
`55 the following, for a user or a subcharmel: signal level, noise
`domain is made up of time slots to support multiple-access.
`The resource division in both the frequency and time
`level, interference level, SINR, fading channel characteris(cid:173)
`domains is depicted in FIG. 3, which is the radio resource
`tics (Doppler frequency, delay spread, etc.), or channel
`divided into small units in both the frequency and time
`profile in time or frequency domain. The detection of the
`domains (subchannels and time slots). The basic structure of
`channel condition can be at the transmitter, the receiver, or
`a multi-carrier signal in the time domain is made up of time
`60 both.
`An MCS in AMCTP is referred to as a modulation and
`slots.
`Adaptive Transmission and Feedback
`error correction coding scheme used in the system. By
`The underlying principles of adaptive transmission and
`matching an MCS to a specific channel condition (e.g.,
`feedback are both to increase the degree of freedom of a
`SINR level), a better throughput is achieved. Varying only
`transmission process and to supply information for the
`65 the MCS is a sub-optimal approach since other factors such
`adaptation process of a communication system. The adap(cid:173)
`as training pilot patterns or subchannel compositions also
`tation process adjusts the allocated modulation schemes,
`impact system performance.
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 13 of 16
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`5
`A pilot pattern includes the number of (training) pilot
`symbols, the location of the symbols in time/frequency/
`space, the amplitude and phase, and other attributes of these
`symbols. The system may use distinctive pilot patterns to
`suit different MCS and channel conditions. The pilot pattern
`requirements for a robust channel estimation vary with the
`SINR of the channel and the channel profile.
`In a multi-carrier system, pilots are transmitted on certain
`positions in the time-frequency grid. FIG. 7 illustrates two of
`many different training pilot patterns that may be used, each 10
`plotted for a multi-carrier system, where the dark shaded
`time-frequency grids 702 are allocated as training pilot
`symbols. One criterion for choosing a pilot pattern is that the
`pilot assisted channel estimation should not be a bottleneck
`for the link performance, and that the pilot overhead should
`be kept to a minimum. The joined adaptation of training pilot
`pattern together with MCS is a more effective way of
`matching the channel conditions, and results in a better
`performance compared with a mere adaptation of MCS.
`The power control information may include an absolute
`power level and/or a relative amount to increase or decrease
`the current power setting. In a multi-carrier system, the
`power levels of different subchannels are set differently such
`that minimum power is allocated to a subchannel to satisfy
`its performance requirements while minimizing interference
`to other users.
`The power control can be user- or subchannel-based. FIG.
`8 is an illustration of a power control in an OFDM system
`where digital variable gains 802 Gl, G2 ... GN are applied 30
`to subchannels 804 that may have different MCSs with
`different transmission power levels. Analog domain gain
`806 Ga is used to control the total transmission power signal
`processes to meet the requirements of the transmission
`power of the device. In FIG. 8, after variable gains are 35
`applied to subchannels 804, they are inputted to the inverse
`discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) module. The outputs from
`the IDFT are the time domain signals, which are converted
`from parallel to sequential signals after a cyclic prefix is
`added to them.
`Table 1 is an example of a general AMCTP table (or CQI
`table). It should be noted that some pilot patterns in the table
`can be the same. The total number of indexes used to
`represent different combinations of the joint adaptation
`process can be different for AMCTP index and CQI index.
`For instance, it is not necessary to send absolute transmis(cid:173)
`sion power information to the receiver(s). Some AMCTP
`information, such as relative power control or code rate, can
`be embedded in the data transmission instead of being
`conveyed in the AMCTP index.
`
`6
`TABLE I-continued
`
`An example of general AMCTP.
`
`Index Modulation
`
`13
`14
`
`64QAM
`64QAM
`
`Code
`Rate
`
`Training
`Pilot
`
`516
`516
`
`Pattern 13
`Pattern 14
`
`Transmit
`Power
`
`Max-2x
`Max-3x
`
`In a general AMCTP or CQI table, different training pilot
`patterns may be used for different modulations and code
`rates. However, even for the same modulation and coding,
`different patterns can be used to match different channel
`conditions. In order to make the table more efficient, more
`indexes can be allocated to the more frequently used sce(cid:173)
`narios. For example, several training pilot patterns can be
`allocated to the same MCS that is used more frequently, to
`achieve finer granularity and thus have a better match with
`different channel conditions.
`Table 2 is a simple realization of the AMCTP index or the
`CQI index. In one embodiment, as shown in Table 2, the
`AMCTP and CQI index is Gray coded so that one bit error
`in the index makes the index shift to the adjacent index.
`In some cases, a different number of pilot symbols is used
`for the same MCS. In one embodiment, to keep the packet
`size the same when the same MCS is used with a different
`number of pilot symbols, rate matching schemes such as
`repetition or puncturing is employed. For instance in Table
`2, for Index 010 and Index 011, Pattern 3 has more pilot
`symbols compared to Pattern 2. The code rate oflndex 010
`is 1h, which is punctured to 7/16 for Index 011 to accommo(cid:173)
`date the extra pilot symbols. In one embodiment, more
`significant bits in the CQI index are protected with stronger
`error protection code on the return channel.
`
`TABLE 2
`
`Another example of AMCTP or CQI table.
`
`Index (Gray
`coded)
`
`Modulation
`
`Code
`Rate
`
`Training
`Pilot
`
`Transmit
`Power
`
`000
`010
`011
`001
`101
`111
`110
`100
`
`QPSK
`QPSK
`QPSK
`16QAM
`16QAM
`64QAM
`64QAM
`64QAM
`
`114
`
`112
`7/16
`112
`7/16
`2li
`516
`516
`
`Pattern 1
`Pattern 2
`Pattern 3
`Pattern 2
`Pattern 3
`Pattern 2
`Pattern 3
`Pattern 3
`
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max-X
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`40
`
`45
`
`TABLE 1
`
`An example of general AMCTP.
`
`Index Modulation
`
`Code
`Rate
`
`Training
`Pilot
`
`Transmit
`Power
`
`QPSK
`QPSK
`QPSK
`QPSK
`QPSK
`16QAM
`16QAM
`16QAM
`16QAM
`64QAM
`64QAM
`64QAM
`
`2
`
`4
`
`7
`
`9
`10
`11
`12
`
`1/16
`lls
`
`114
`
`112
`
`112
`
`112
`
`112
`314
`314
`2li
`516
`516
`
`Pattern 1
`Pattern 2
`Pattern 3
`Pattern 4
`Pattern 5
`Pattern 6
`Pattern 7
`Pattern 8
`Pattern 9
`Pattern 10
`Pattern 11
`Pattern 12
`
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`Max-lx
`
`60
`
`50
`
`Other factors that can be used in the adaptation process
`include modulation constellation arrangements, transmitter
`antenna techniques, and subchannel configuration in a multi(cid:173)
`carrier system.
`For some modulation schemes such as 16QAM and
`55 64QAM, how information bits are mapped to a symbol
`determines the modulation schemes' reliability. In one
`embodiment, constellation arrangement is adjusted in the
`adaptation process to achieve a better system performance,
`especially during retransmission in a hybrid ARQ process.
`Some multiple antenna techniques, such as transmission
`diversity, are used to improve the transmission robustness
`against fading channel effects, whereas other multiple
`antenna techniques such as multiple-input multiple-output
`(MIMO) schemes are used to improve transmission through-
`65 put in favorable channel conditions. In one embodiment of
`the adaptive transmissions the antenna technique used for a
`transmission is determined by the adaptation process.
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-4 Filed 01/13/21 Page 14 of 16
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`7
`8
`In a multi-carrier multi-cell communication system, when
`the received probing sequence. This is especially effective
`all subcarriers in one subchannel are adjacent or close to
`for TDD systems due to the reciprocity of the channel
`each other, they are more likely to fall in the coherent
`conditions on forward and reverse channels.
`bandwidth of a fading channel; thus they can be allocated to
`The AMCTP indicator or CQI can be sent per user or per
`users that are either fixed in location or are move slowly. On
`subchannel. In one embodiment if per subchannel feedback
`the other hand, when subcarriers and/or subchannels that
`is employed, since the AMCTP and CQI information for the
`belong to one user are scattered in the frequency domain, it
`same users are highly correlated, first the source coding is
`results in higher diversity gains for the fast moving users,
`employed to compress the CQI, and then the error correction
`and a better interference averaging effect.
`coding is applied to the compressed CQI to provide suffi(cid:173)
`Given the fact that different configurations of subchannel 10
`cient error protection.
`compositions are suitable for different scenarios or user
`In another embodiment, in hybrid ARQ retransmission,
`profiles, subchannel configuration is included in the trans(cid:173)
`the transmitter may not use the requested CQI for the
`mission adaptation process. In one embodiment, the sub(cid:173)
`retransmission, while it may use the requested CQI for a new
`channel configuration information is broadcast on the com(cid:173)
`packet transmission. Instead, in this embodiment, it selects
`mon forward control channel to all users such that each user 15
`anAMCTP scheme that is appropriate for the retransmission
`is informed of its subchannel configuration.
`at the same power level as in the previous transmission(s),
`In another embodiment, the subchannel configuration is
`in order to reduce interference with other users.
`It should be pointed out that the AMCTP index used for
`adjusted according to deployment scenarios. For instance,
`when a base station is newly deployed with less interference,
`the transmission from the transmitter to the receiver may be
`one form of subchannel configuration is used, and when
`20 different from the CQI that the receiver requested, because
`more users join the network or more adjacent base stations
`the transmitter may have other considerations such as qual(cid:173)
`are deployed, which results in stronger interference to the
`ity of service (QoS) for different users, network traffic load,
`users in the system, a different subchannel configuration
`and power allocation limit.
`with better interference averaging effect is used.
`The above detailed description of the embodiments of the
`The following paragraphs describe a method of transmit(cid:173)
`25 invention is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the
`ting the control message between the transmitter and
`invention to the precise form disclosed above or to the
`receiver, when the AMCTP scheme is implemented. A
`particular field of usage mentioned in this disclosure. While
`forward control link is defined here as the transmission of
`specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are
`the AMCTP indicator from the transmitter to the receiver,
`described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent
`and a return control channel is defined as the transmission of 30
`modifications are possible within the scope of the invention,
`CQI, as the feedback information, from the receiver to the
`as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. Also, the
`transmitter, as shown in FIG. 4.
`teachings of the invention provided herein can be applied to
`The AMCTP indicator on the forward link can be sent
`other systems, not necessarily the system described above.
`either separately or jointly. For instance, the power control
`The elements and acts of the various embodiments described
`information, training pilot pattern indicator, or antenna 35
`above can be combined to provide further embodiments.
`diversity scheme can be embedded in the data transmission.
`All of th