Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 1 of 36
`
`Exhibit B
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 2 of 36
`I lllll llllllll Ill lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll 111111111111111111111111111111111
`US009363066B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Lo et al.
`
`(IO) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`Jun.7,2016
`
`(54) METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR FLEXIBLE
`USE OF FREQUENCY BANDS
`
`455/450-452.2
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(71) Applicant: Neocific, Inc., Bellevue, WA (US)
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`(72)
`
`Inventors: Titus Lo, Bellevue, WA (US); Xiaodong
`Li, Bellevue, WA (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: Neocific, Inc., Bellevue, WA (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 14/041,495
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Sep.30,2013
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2014/0029491 Al
`
`Jan.30,2014
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(63)
`
`Continuation of application No. 13/391,044, filed as
`application No. PCT/US2011/053494 on Sep. 27,
`2011, now Pat. No. 8,547,884.
`
`(60)
`
`Provisional application No. 61/404,153, filed on Sep.
`28, 2010.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04L 5114
`H04W16/14
`H04W72/04
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`CPC ................. H04L 5114 (2013.01); H04W 16114
`(2013.01); H04W 721042 (2013.01)
`( 58) Field of Classification Search
`CPC ..... H04W 72/04; H04W 16/06; H04W 16/10;
`H04W 16/14; H04W 72/042; H04W 72/0453;
`H04W 72/12; H04W 72/1215; H04J 4/00;
`H04J 4/005; H04B 7/2615
`370/312, 329, 276-278, 281, 295, 338,
`370/343, 344, 431, 437, 480; 455/62,
`
`(2006.01)
`(2009.01)
`(2009.01)
`
`USPC
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,170,413 A
`5,726,978 A
`6,904,550 B2 *
`7,391,751 B2
`7,660,229 B2 *
`8,194,574 B2 *
`8,400,951 B2 *
`
`12/ 1992 Hess et al.
`3/1998 Frodigh et al.
`6/2005 Sibecas et al. ................ 714/714
`6/2008 Lee et al.
`212010 Papasakellariou et al. ... 370/203
`612012 Shinozaki ..................... 370/276
`3/2013 Nangia et al .................. 370/280
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems 3rd Edi(cid:173)
`tion,1998, Oxford University Press, pp. 189-191.*
`Johnson and Sethares, Telecommunication Breakdown Concepts of
`Communication Transmitted via Software Defined Radio, 2004,
`Pearson Prentice Hall, pp. 43-48 and 81-82.*
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner - Mark Rinehart
`Assistant Examiner - Kenneth P Hunt
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm - Baker & Hostetler LLP
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Methods and systems are disclosed for communicating in a
`wireless communications system utilizing a plurality of fre(cid:173)
`quency bands for downlink (DL) transmission and a plurality
`of frequency bands for uplink (UL) transmission. In an
`embodiment, a mobile device receives a DL signal via a DL
`frequency band. The DL signal contains DL-UL frequency(cid:173)
`band association information. The DL signal is decoded to
`obtain the DL-UL frequency-band association information
`which is used to determine a UL frequency band for UL
`transmission. The mobile device configures its radio-fre(cid:173)
`quency (RF) circuitry to operate in the UL frequency band for
`UL transmission.
`
`12 Claims, 23 Drawing Sheets
`
`j
`
`FOO -
`
`Trne
`
`MBMS
`
`Unicast
`
`~
`~TDD
`
`Freq.
`
`DL1
`
`Antenna
`
`~2
`~ i
`
`Al mobile station 1120
`
`Antenna
`
`UL
`
`At base station 111 0
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 3 of 36
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`Page 2
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`8,514,793 B2 *
`
`8/2013
`
`Gauvreau
`
`8,547,883 B2 * 10/2013
`
`Jung
`
`8,547,884 B2 * 10/2013
`
`Lo.
`
`8,687,608 B2 *
`4/2014
`2006/0256884 Al * 1112006
`2008/0130483 Al
`6/2008
`2009/0023469 Al *
`1/2009
`2009/0067403 Al *
`3/2009
`2009/0215499 Al *
`8/2009
`
`2010/0067465 Al
`2010/0165893 Al *
`
`3/2010
`7/2010
`
`7/2010
`2010/0173586 Al
`9/2010
`2010/0227622 Al
`2011/0103243 Al*
`512011
`2011/0194515 Al*
`8/2011
`2012/0257551 Al* 10/2012
`
`2013/0012191 Al*
`
`1/2013
`
`2013/0343239 Al* 12/2013
`
`H04W 72/048
`370/329
`H04J 3/1682
`370/280
`H04W 16/14
`370/295
`370/338
`375/260
`
`H04B 7/15557
`370/280
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Agilent "Concepts of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
`(OFDM) and 802.11 WLAN" http://wireless.agilent.com/wireless/
`helpfiles/89600B/WebHelp/Subsystems/wlan-ofdrn/Content/
`ofdm_basicprinciplesoverview.htm. *
`Comlab "Usage of OFDM in a wideband fading channel" http://
`www.comlab.hut.fi/ studies/33 20/3320%20ofdm.pdf. *
`Agilent, "LTE Physical Layer Overview" http://wireless.agilent.
`corn/wireless/helpfiles/89600B/WebHelp/subsystems/lte/content/
`lte_overview.htm. *
`Telesystem Innovations, "LTE in a Nutshell: The Physical Layer,"
`2010,
`http://www. tsiwireless.corn/docs/whitepapers/
`LTE%20in%20a%20Nutshell%20-%20Physical%20Layer.pdf.*
`3rd Generation Partnership Project, "Technical Specification Group
`Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
`(E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
`(E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 10)," 3GPP TS
`36.300Vl0.l.O, Sep. 2010, 192 pages.
`International Patent Application No. PCT/US2011/053494: Interna(cid:173)
`tional Search Report dated Jan. 18, 2012, 10 pages.
`International Patent Application No. PCT/US201 l/053494: Written
`Opinion dated Jan. 18, 2012, 5 pages (Box No. V Reasoned statement
`under Rule 43bis. l(a)(i) attached).
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Soliman .
`Tomioka et al.
`Khandekar et al.
`Tomioka et al. ........... 455/552.1
`Chan et al.
`370/343
`Moon ................... H04L 5/0007
`455/566
`
`Miki eta!.
`Edwards
`
`McHenry et al.
`Mody et al.
`Larsson et al.
`Nakao et al.
`Diao
`
`370/252
`370/329
`H04W 72/048
`370/280
`H04W 52/143
`455/422.1
`Damnjanovic .......... H04L 5/001
`370/280
`
`Charbit
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 4 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 1of23
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`120
`
`130
`
`Control
`server
`
`Content
`server
`
`Backbone
`
`network
`
`FIG. 1
`
`140
`
`MS
`
`~150
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 5 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 2of23
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`0
`-.:!"
`
`N \
`
`0
`,.-
`N
`
`0
`N
`N
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 6 of 36
`
`Guard bands used for
`broadcast 320
`
`Broadcast
`
`Available bands for DL
`
`transmission 330
`
`~
`00
`•
`~
`~
`~
`
`~ = ~
`
`2'
`:=
`
`~-....J
`N
`
`0 ....
`
`O'I
`
`1J1 =(cid:173)
`.....
`
`('D
`('D
`
`(.H
`
`0 .....
`N
`(.H
`
`d
`rJl
`\C w
`
`0--, w = 0--,
`0--, = N
`
`... ~~~~~~~-1§%~~
`
`_/
`
`'Y'"
`
`Available bands for UL
`transmission 340
`
`'-...
`
`FIG. 3
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 7 of 36
`
`Transmitter branch 410
`------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. I
`
`I
`
`Data
`
`coding
`source
`I
`processor
`•---------------------------------------------.---------------------------------------------1
`
`I 1 Channel H Modulator H H
`~~440
`I Memory I., > I Controller
`
`TX
`
`I
`
`430
`
`"'
`
`'
`-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------,
`...
`
`Data
`
`sink
`
`Decoding
`~
`processor
`
`...-
`
`Demodu -
`lat or
`
`Signal
`processor
`
`I-+-
`
`RX
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`~ I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A
`Receiver branch 420
`
`FIG. 4
`
`Antenna 460
`
`\17
`
`~
`
`Duplexer
`
`450
`
`~
`00
`•
`~
`~
`~
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`
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`
`0--, w = 0--,
`0--, = N
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 8 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 5of23
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 9 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 6of23
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`US 9,363,066 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 10 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
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`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 11 of 36
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jun.7,2016
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`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 12 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 9of23
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
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`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 13 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 10 of 23
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`Cell 1
`
`57/65,
`58/66,
`
`61/67,
`
`62/68,
`
`63/69
`
`57/65,
`60/66,
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`Cell 2
`
`DUUL Band Pairing
`
`FIG. 10
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 14 of 36
`
`Time
`
`FDD -
`
`MBMS
`
`Unicast
`
`~
`~ TDD
`
`Freq.
`
`DL1
`
`Antenna
`
`Filter 1
`
`·I Filler 2 I 0!
`
`I
`Time Switch
`
`Filter 3
`
`, .......
`
`UL
`
`At base station 1110
`
`Freq.
`duplexer
`
`DL2/UL
`
`~
`00
`•
`~
`~
`~
`
`~ = ~
`
`2'
`=
`0 ....
`
`~-....J
`N
`
`O'I
`
`At mobile station 1120
`
`Antenna
`
`DL 1
`
`Filter 1
`
`I J
`
`Freq.
`duplexer
`
`I
`
`DL2
`
`I
`
`i. I
`
`Filter 2
`
`I
`
`I
`
`DL2/UL
`
`I
`Time Switch
`
`FIG. 11
`
`UL
`
`I Filter 3 I'
`
`('D
`('D
`
`1J1 =(cid:173)
`......
`....
`....
`0 .....
`N
`(.H
`
`d
`rJl
`\C w
`
`0--, w = 0--,
`0--, = N
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 15 of 36
`
`•
`
`DL 1
`
`FDD
`
`•
`
`Antenna
`
`\
`
`~
`
`I DL2
`
`\~
`
`)I
`
`Freq.
`multiplexer
`
`~
`
`J
`
`Time
`
`-
`-
`
`,I
`
`Filter 1
`
`Filter 2
`
`~
`
`Filter 3
`
`~
`
`~
`
`I
`
`UL
`
`At base station 1210
`
`•
`
`Freq.
`
`~
`00
`•
`~
`~
`~
`
`~ = ~
`
`2'
`:=
`
`At mobile station 1220
`
`Antenna
`
`DL 1
`
`Freq.
`multiplexer
`
`DL2
`
`UL
`
`Filter 1
`
`Filter 2
`
`Filter 3
`
`FIG. 12
`
`~-....J
`N
`
`0 ....
`
`O'I
`
`('D
`('D
`
`1J1 =(cid:173)
`.....
`....
`N
`0 .....
`N
`(.H
`
`d
`rJl
`\C w
`
`0--, w = 0--,
`0--, = N
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 16 of 36
`
`DL 1
`
`DL2
`
`UL
`
`(a) Characteristics of a frequency multiplexer
`
`Low - pass
`
`High - pass
`
`Freq.
`
`Freq.
`
`~
`00
`•
`~
`~
`~
`
`~ = ~
`
`2'
`:=
`
`~-....J
`N
`
`0 ....
`
`O'I
`
`('D
`('D
`
`1J1 =(cid:173)
`......
`....
`0 .....
`N
`(.H
`
`(.H
`
`DL 1
`
`DL2
`
`UL
`
`(b) Characteristics of a duplexer using low
`
`pass filter and high
`
`pass filter
`
`FIG. 13
`
`d
`rJl
`\C w
`
`0--, w = 0--,
`0--, = N
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 17 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 14 of 23
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`•
`
`C) -LL
`
`(f)
`
`Q)
`(.)
`co
`E
`(/)
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 18 of 36
`
`~·
`;~
`
`;
`
`;
`
`-----~===::::-----------,_
`',
`'
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`
`- - -
`
`~,
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`
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`'
`
`'
`
`---
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`-.-. -------:-----------------........ ,................
`,.'
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`
`· ..
`
`.
`.
`
`.
`
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`
`~
`00
`•
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`
`~ = ~
`
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`:=
`
`~-...J
`N
`
`0 ....
`
`O'I
`
`('D
`('D
`
`1J1 =(cid:173)
`.....
`....
`Ul
`0 .....
`N
`(.H
`
`(a) One DL band associated
`with two UL bands
`
`(c) Two DL bands associated
`with one UL band
`
`I
`
`,.,,.
`,,,.
`;',
`~
`
`........
`
`~,
`
`~--------------~-,~ ....
`
`.... ,
`',,
`'
`',
`~ ....... ~';...,..,~~
`
`,---------------------
`,,,.-
`,,.~~
`,
`------- '""---...... ""'\
`.A
`.A..
`-----""'\
`r
`-~ ~
`~~
`
`(b) One DL band associated with
`one aggregated UL band
`
`(d) One aggregated DL band
`associated with one UL band
`
`FIG. 15
`
`d
`rJl.
`\C w
`
`0--, w = 0--,
`0--, = N
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 19 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 16 of 23
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`I
`I
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`::J co
`s...
`co E .o
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 20 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 17 of 23
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`~ N
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`E
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`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 21 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 18 of 23
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`DL Band Search
`
`Time and freq
`synchronization
`
`Cell ID
`
`Acquisition of DL system
`information
`
`Acquisition of UL
`system information
`
`• UL band assignment
`
`• Random access
`channel configuration
`
`FIG. 18
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 22 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 19 of 23
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`Acquisition of
`neighboring cell
`information
`
`Neighbor cell
`scanning
`
`Handoff decision &
`initiation
`
`Network reentry
`
`UL link with target
`base station
`
`Termination of
`original service
`
`FIG. 19
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 23 of 36
`
`DL/UL assignment by a
`control server to a BS
`
`BS sets up DL and UL,
`including adjusting
`oscillators, filters, and
`duplexer
`
`BS transmits control
`information via DL
`signaling, including
`DL/UL band pairing info
`
`pm
`
`I
`I
`
`I -
`
`MS carries out cell
`search procedure and
`+I
`acquires the control
`information, including
`l DL/UL band pairing info
`
`l
`
`--
`l adjusting oscillators,
`
`MS sets up UL band by
`
`filters, and duplexer
`
`FIG. 20
`
`MS sets up UL link with
`BS via random access
`channel on the UL band
`
`~
`00
`•
`~
`~
`~
`
`~ = ~
`
`~ = :=
`0 ....
`
`~-....J
`N
`
`O'I
`
`('D
`
`1J1 =-('D
`.....
`N
`0
`0 .....
`N
`(.H
`
`d
`rJl
`\C w
`
`0--, w = 0--,
`0--, = N
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 24 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 21 of 23
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`2100
`start
`
`v
`2102 receiving a DL signal via a first DL frequency
`band
`,,
`
`2104 decoding the DL signal
`
`,,
`
`2106 determining a first UL frequency band for UL
`transmission
`
`1 r
`
`2108 configuring RF circuitry to operate in the first
`UL frequency band
`
`FIG. 21
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 25 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 22 of 23
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`2200
`start
`
`, r
`
`2202 receiving an indication of a first DL
`frequency band associated with a first UL
`frequency band
`
`1 r
`
`2204 configuring RF circuitry to operate in the first
`DL frequency band for DL transmission and in the
`first UL frequency band for UL reception
`
`,,
`2206 transmitting a DL signal to indicate the
`association of the first DL frequency band and the
`first UL frequency band
`
`FIG. 22
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 26 of 36
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.7,2016
`
`Sheet 23 of 23
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`2300
`start
`, ,
`2302 associating a first DL frequency band with a
`first UL frequency band
`
`,,
`
`2304 transmitting a DL signal via a second DL
`frequency band to announce the association
`
`FIG. 23
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 27 of 36
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`1
`METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR FLEXIBLE
`USE OF FREQUENCY BANDS
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`2
`for DL transmission. The DL signal includes DL-UL fre(cid:173)
`quency-band association information. The DL signal is
`decoded to obtain the DL-UL frequency-band association
`information. Based on the decoded DL-UL frequency-band
`5 association information, a first UL frequency band is deter(cid:173)
`mined for UL transmission. Radio-frequency (RF) circuitry
`of the mobile device is configured to operate in the first UL
`frequency band for UL transmission.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`This application is a continuation of U.S. patent applica(cid:173)
`tion Ser. No. 13/391,044, filed Feb. 17, 2012, now U.S. Pat.
`No. 8,547,884, which is the National Stage oflnternational
`Application No. PCT/US2011/053494, filed Sep. 27, 2011, 10
`which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.
`61/404,153, filed Sep. 28, 2010, the disclosures of which are
`incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`The disclosed embodiments relate, in general, to wireless
`or wire-line communications and include methods and appa(cid:173)
`ratus for flexible use of frequency bands or channels,
`although these are merely exemplary and non-limiting fields.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`15
`
`In a TV broadcasting system, a UHF band (a band in the
`470-862 MHz range), for example, is often used for high(cid:173)
`power transmission via an antenna at a great height to cover a
`large area. As a result, the usual practice is that this band and
`even its guard bands will not be used for high-power broad(cid:173)
`casting in the vicinities of the coverage area. These bands,
`however, may be re-used in the neighboring areas for rela- 30
`tively low-power transmission in a cellular system. Since the
`antenna of a cellular base station is located high up above the
`ground clutter, the base station is vulnerable to high-level
`interference from the TV broadcast transmission if cellular
`uplink transmission is in one of these bands. Consequently, 35
`the use of a time-division duplex (TDD) system in these
`bands may not be viable. Using a traditional frequency-divi(cid:173)
`sion duplex (FDD) system may also not be feasible since
`these bands may not have with a corresponding uplink band
`that is required for FDD operation.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`The systems, methods, and computer readable media for
`communicating in a wireless communications system in
`accordance with this specification arc further described with
`reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
`FIG. 1 depicts a representative diagram of a wireless com(cid:173)
`munication system with a control server, a content server, a
`backbone network, base stations (BS) and mobile stations
`20 (MS).
`FIG. 2 depicts a scenario where a high-power broadcast
`system covering a large area overlays with the wireless com(cid:173)
`munication system.
`FIG. 3 depicts a case where a band used for high-power
`25 broadcast and its adjacent bands are used for DL transmission
`by the wireless communication system with designated UL
`bands.
`FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example transmitter and
`receiver used in a base station or a mobile station of a wireless
`communication system.
`FIG. 5 is a block diagram of multiple transmitter branches
`and receiver branches.
`FIG. 6 is a graphical depiction of a radio frame structure in
`the time domain.
`FIG. 7 is a graphical depiction of frequency-division
`duplex and time-division duplex.
`FIG. 8 is graphical depiction of flexible frequency-division
`duplex.
`FIG. 9 is a graphical depiction of Primary Bands andAux-
`40 iliary Bands in the UHF range.
`FIG. 10 is a graphical depiction of cell-specific Auxiliary
`Band pairing.
`FIG. 11 is an example of hybrid FDD-TDD operation.
`FIG. 12 is an example of multi-band FDD operation.
`FIG. 13 illustrates characteristics of a frequency multi(cid:173)
`plexer and a frequency duplexer with low-pass filter and
`high-pass filtering.
`FIG. 14 is a graphical depiction of a large cell overlaying
`over multiple small cells.
`FIG. 15 is a graphical depiction of various DL/UL band
`associations.
`FIG. 16 depicts a scenario in which in a group ofK cells,
`two DL bands are allocated to each cell, one for broadcasting
`or multicasting and the other for data unicasting.
`FIG. 17 is a graphical depiction of multiple DL bands
`paired with a UL band using UL FDMA, TDMA, CDMA,
`andOFDMA.
`FIG. 18 is a block diagram of an example cell search
`procedure.
`FIG. 19 is a block diagram of an example handoff proce(cid:173)
`dure.
`FIG. 20 is a block diagram of an example FFDD operation
`procedure.
`FIG. 21 illustrates an example of an operational procedure
`for practicing aspects of the present disclosure.
`FIG. 22 illustrates an example of an operational procedure
`for practicing aspects of the present disclosure.
`
`50
`
`To utilize the broadcast bands for cellular communications
`as described above, a flexible method is needed to facilitate 45
`efficient use of radio resources. For example, one of the
`broadcast guard bands may be used for downlink transmis(cid:173)
`sion and the flexible method can enable the system to use an
`available band (e.g., one of the MMDS bands around 2.5-2.6
`GHz) for UL transmission.
`The flexible method can be used to effectively utilize the
`spectrum that may become available from the switch from
`analogue to digital TV broadcasting. The use of a traditional
`FDD system with fixed pairing of downlink and uplink bands
`may not be feasible since bands in this spectrum do not come 55
`as fixed pairs for FDD transmission. Although TDD systems
`are being considered, strictly synchronous transmission is
`required if adjacent bands are to be used which may prevent
`the use of multiple systems using different technologies or
`operators.
`In one embodiment, a method of communicating by a
`mobile device in a wireless communications system is dis(cid:173)
`closed. The wireless communications system utilizes fre(cid:173)
`quency bands for downlink (DL) transmission and frequency
`bands for uplink (UL) transmission, each frequency band 65
`having a center carrier frequency and an operation band(cid:173)
`width. A DL signal is received via a first DL frequency band
`
`60
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 28 of 36
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`3
`FIG. 23 illustrates an example of an operational procedure
`for practicing aspects of the present disclosure.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`Certain specific details are set forth in the following
`description and figures to provide a thorough understanding
`of various embodiments of the disclosure. Certain well(cid:173)
`known details often associated with computing and software
`technology are not set forth in the following disclosure to
`avoid unnecessarily obscuring the various embodiments of
`the disclosure. Further, those of ordinary skill in the relevant
`art will understand that they can practice other embodiments
`of the disclosure without one or more of the details described
`below. Finally, while various methods are described with
`reference to steps and sequences in the following disclosure,
`the description as such is for providing a clear implementa(cid:173)
`tion of embodiments of the disclosure, and the steps and
`sequences of steps should not be taken as required to practice
`this disclosure.
`The terminology used in the description presented below is
`intended to be interpreted in its broadest reasonable manner,
`even though it is being used in conjunction with a detailed
`description of certain specific embodiments of the invention.
`Certain terms may even be emphasized below; however, any
`terminology intended to be interpreted in any restricted man(cid:173)
`ner will be overtly and specifically defined as such in this
`Detailed Description section.
`It should be understood that the various techniques
`described herein may be implemented in connection with
`hardware or software or, where appropriate, with a combina(cid:173)
`tion of both. Thus, the methods and apparatus of the disclo(cid:173)
`sure, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take the form
`of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible
`media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or
`any other machine-readable storage medium wherein, when
`the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine,
`such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for
`practicing the disclosure. In the case of program code execu(cid:173)
`tion on programmable computers, the computing device gen(cid:173)
`erally includes a processor, a storage medium readable by the
`processor (including volatile and nonvolatile memory and/or
`storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one
`output device. One or more programs that may implement or
`utilize the processes described in connection with the disclo(cid:173)
`sure, e.g., through the use of an application prograrmning
`interface (API), reusable controls, or the like. Such programs 50
`are preferably implemented in a high level procedural or
`object oriented programming language to communicate with
`a computer system. However, the program(s) can be imple(cid:173)
`mented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any
`case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted Ian- 55
`guage, and combined with hardware implementations.
`Some of the embodiments described herein describe meth(cid:173)
`ods and systems for flexible frequency-division duplex
`(FFDD) transmission. The methods and systems may also be
`combined with a traditional TDD or FDD system to create a 60
`hybrid system. The multiple access technology mentioned
`herein can be of any special format such as Code Division
`Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access
`(TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA),
`Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), 65
`Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA),
`or Carrier Sensing Multiple Access (CSMA).
`
`4
`Without loss of generality, OFDMA is employed herein as
`an example to illustrate different aspects of these embodi(cid:173)
`ments.
`FIG. 1 is a representative diagram of a wireless communi(cid:173)
`cation system with base stations (BS) 140 and mobile stations
`(MS) 150. A control server (CS) 120 controls one or multiple
`base stations (BS). Control server 120 is connected to the base
`stations via the backbone network 110. Control server 120
`coordinates multimedia content broadcast, including terres-
`10 trial/mobile TV, for example, via a single frequency network
`(SFN) and cellular data unicast, such as voice-over-IP and
`internet traffic. In some embodiments, backbone network 110
`is a packet data network that can either be a wired or a wireless
`network. Backbone network 110 may also connect to other
`15 servers in the system, such as multimedia content servers 130
`and network management servers.
`The geographic region serviced by the system may be
`divided into a plurality of cells, and wireless coverage may be
`provided in each cell by a base station. One or more mobile
`20 devices may be fixed or may roam within the geographic
`region. The mobile devices may be used as an interface
`between users and the network. A base station may serve as a
`focal point to transmit information to and receive information
`from the mobile devices within the cell that it serves by radio
`25 signals. A base station may be a macro-station that covers a
`large geographical area or a macro-cell, a micro or pico sta(cid:173)
`tion that covers a small area or a micro/pico-cell, or a femto
`station that typically covers an indoor area or a femtocell.
`Those skilled in the art will appreciate that if a cell is divided
`30 into sectors, each sector can be considered as a cell. In this
`context, the terms "cell" and "sector" are interchangeable.
`The transmission from a base station to a mobile station
`may be called a downlink (DL) and the transmission from a
`mobile station to a base station may be called an uplink (UL).
`35 The transmission may take place within a frequency range
`extending between two limiting frequencies. This range of
`frequency resource may be defined as an operating frequency
`band/channel or simply band in this text. The center of the
`frequency range is typically the center frequency or carrier
`40 frequency and the span of the frequency range is normally
`referred to as the bandwidth. For example, the frequency band
`for Broadcast Channel 36 in the United States is centered at
`605 MHz with a bandwidth of 6 MHz. In another example, a
`3GPP WCDMA system may use a 5 MHz DL band and a 5
`45 MHz UL band.
`High-power broadcast system 210 covering a large area
`220 may overlap, to a certain extent, with the wireless com(cid:173)
`munication system of multiple base stations 230 each of
`which covers an area 240, as illustrated in FIG. 2. The broad(cid:173)
`cast system, as an example, uses Band bO 310 for transmis(cid:173)
`sion and b-1 and b+l as guard bands 320 (FIG. 3). These
`bands, along with adjacent bands (available DL bands 330),
`can be used for DL transmission for cellular or indoor wire(cid:173)
`less communication systems. The bands available for UL
`transmission 340 may be those that are not used for broadcast
`in the region of interest, those designated for other applica(cid:173)
`tions rather than high power broadcast (e.g., MMDS around
`2.5-2.6 GHz), or simply those designated for UL transmis(cid:173)
`s10n.
`In accordance with aspects of certain embodiments dis(cid:173)
`closed herein, a wireless communication system may operate
`with a DL band chosen from a group or pool of bands desig(cid:173)
`nated for DL transmission and a UL band chosen from a
`group or pool of bands designated for UL transmission. A
`band in the DL pool does not necessarily have a fixed or
`predetermined one-to-one correspondence to or association
`with a band in the UL pool.
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-00026-ADA Document 1-2 Filed 01/13/21 Page 29 of 36
`
`US 9,363,066 B2
`
`5
`A control server may comprise components such as pro(cid:173)
`cessors, memory banks, switches, routers, and interfaces.
`Together, these components enable the server to perform
`functions such as compressing and decompressing packet
`headers, r