Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 87-6 Filed 03/29/21 Page 1 of 10
`Case 6:20-cv-00636—ADA Document 87-6 Filed 03/29/21 Page 1 of 10
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`EXHIBIT 27
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`EXHIBIT 27
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`Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 87-6 Filed 03/29/21 Page 2 of 10
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`DEFTS-PA_0000989
`DEFTS-PA_0000989
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`Inciudczs index.
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`Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 87-6 Filed 03/29/21 Page 3 of 10
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`DEFTS-PA_0000990
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`DEFTS-PA_0000990
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`Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 87-6 Filed 03/29/21 Page 4 of 10
`62
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`Chapter 2
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`will radiate. Parasitic arrays, such as the Yagi antenna and the quad
`antenna, operate on this principle.
`
`Selective Filters
`
`The term selective filter refers to circuits designed to tailor the way an
`electronic circuit or system responds to signals at various frequencies.
`There are many kinds of selective filters. Some are used at AF; others are
`used at RE
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`Bandpass Filter
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`Any resonant circuit, or combination of resonant circuits, designed to
`discriminate against all frequencies except a specific frequency ~' or a
`band of frequencies between two limiting frequencies ~ and ~' is called
`a bandpass filter. In a parallel LC circuit, a bandpass filter shows a high
`impedance at the desired frequency or frequencies, and a low imped(cid:173)
`ance at unwanted frequencies. In a series LC configuration, the filter has
`a low impedance at the desired frequency or frequencies, and a high
`impedance at unwanted frequencies. Figure 2-9A shows a simple parallel(cid:173)
`tuned LC bandpass filter; Fig. 2-9B shows a simple series-tuned LC band(cid:173)
`pass filter.
`Some bandpass filters are built with components other than actual
`coils and capacitors, but all such filters operate on the same principle.
`The crystal filter uses piezoelectric materials, usually quartz, to obtain a
`bandpass response. A mechanical filter uses vibration resonances of cer(cid:173)
`tain substances, usually ceramics. In optics, a simple color filte~ discrimi(cid:173)
`nating against all light wavelengths except within a certain range, is a
`form of bandpass filter.
`Bandpass filters are sometimes designed to have very sharg defined,
`resonant frequencies. Sometimes the resonance is spread out over a fairly
`wide range. The attenuation-versus-frequency characteristic of a bandpass fil(cid:173)
`ter is called the bandpass response. A bandpass filter can have a single,
`well-defined resonant frequency f
`, as shown in Fig. 2-9C, or the
`0
`response might be more or less rectangula~ having two well-defined
`limit frequencies f 0 and ~' as shown at D The bandwidth might be only
`a few hertz, such as with an audio filter designed for reception of Morse
`code. Or the bandwidth might be several megahertz, as in a helical filter
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`DEFTS-PA_0000991
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`Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 87-6 Filed 03/29/21 Page 5 of 10
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`B.
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`D
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`Band-Rejection Filter
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`DEFTS-PA_0000992
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`Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 87-6 Filed 03/29/21 Page 6 of 10
`Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 87-6 Filed 03/29/21 Page 6 of 10
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`64
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`DEFTS-PA_0000993
`DEFTS-PA_0000993
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`Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 87-6 Filed 03/29/21 Page 7 of 10
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`65
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`attenuation
`is characterized
`and
`attenuation between these
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`Notch
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`High-Pass
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`DEFTS-PA_0000994
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`Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 87-6 Filed 03/29/21 Page 8 of 10
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`66
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`.J.
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`at J
`from the gecomaet:rlc
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`DEFTS-PA_0000995
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` Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 87-6 Filed 03/29/21 Page 9 of 10
`Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 87-6 Filed 03/29/21 Page 9 of 10
`67
`67
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`Passive Erectr‘omic: Components;
`
`Low-«Pass Filter
`
`A low-paw filter is a combination 0f capacitance inductance; and/0r rmis»
`tame; immded to produce large amounts of attenuarimx above a certain
`frequency and little or no attenuatimn belaw that frequency The frequew
`cy at which the transition occurs is calied the cutoff frequmcy At the
`cumff frequency; the pawer Mtenuation is 3 dB with impact to the: mini~
`mum attenuatimn. Bciww the mmff frequency; the pawer attenuation is
`£633 than 3 «:13. Above“ the cutoff, the: pawcr attenuatiwn is more than 3 dB.
`The simpmt low-p333 fiiter consists of a series inductor Or a parallel
`capacitor. Mme mphistimteci low-p353 fiitcm have cambinaticms of series
`inductom and parallai fiapagimm, such 21$ the examples ghawn in Fig. 243]:
`and M. The: filter at L is an Lsection lemmas filter; the circuit: at: M is; a
`pi~srzcti0n law-pass filter. As above; these names are derived from the: gmw
`metric arrangement: of the: componcnm as they appear in diagrams‘
`Registers are sometimes substituted for {11¢ inductor; in a Emu-«pass fi1~
`ten Thig is capacialiy true when active deviceg are aged, in which case
`many filter stagcx can be: {3215636ch Thig subatimticm reduces the physical
`bulk of the circuit, and it: eaves money.
`Low-pass filmrs are used in many different applicatiam in RP elem
`tmnicg. Om: Cowman L156 0:” a low-paw fiitcr is at the autput 0f 21 high-
`frequcncy (HI?) transmitter. The cutoff frequency i3 about 40 MHZ.
`When such a 10W~pass filter is installed in (ha transmisgicm line between
`a transmitter and antenna, VHF harmonica are greatly attenuated. Thig
`
`Figure 2-9 {cont}
`At L, L-section few»
`
`pass fimzu: At M,
`péwseczéon fem/flags;
`War. At N, Fowwpass
`resmmm
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`Input
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`t+,I
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`Input
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`Output
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`0
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`Output
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`Amplitude
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`M.
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`Frequency
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`N
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`DEFTS-PA_0000996
`DEFTs-PA_0000996”W
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`Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 87-6 Filed 03/29/21 Page 10 of 10
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`68
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`Diodes
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`of Operation
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`DEFTS-PA_0000997
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