Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 48-9 Filed 02/16/21 Page 1 of 4
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`Exhibit 6
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`Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 48-9 Filed 02/16/21 Page 2 of 4
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`MODERN
`DICTIONARY
`of
`ELECTRONICS
`
`SEVENTH EDITION
`
`REVISED AND UPDATED
`
`Rudolf F .. Graf
`
`~ Newnes
`
`Boston Oxford Auckland Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi
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`DEMINT00003506
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`Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 48-9 Filed 02/16/21 Page 3 of 4
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`Newnes is an imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann.
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Rudolf F. Graf
`
`& A member of the Reed msevier Group.
`
`All rights reserved.
`No part of this publication may be reproduced. stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
`in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
`without tbe prior written permission of the publisher.
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`~ Recognizing the importance of preserving what bas been written, Butterworth-Heinemann
`'t:::;:/ prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible.
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`•·•"''" ,...... Butterworth-Heinemann supports the efforts of American Forests and tbe Global
`ReLeaf program in its campaign for tbe betterment of trees,
`forests, and om environment.
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`Library of Congress Cataloging•ill-Publkation Data
`
`Graf, Rudolf F.
`Modem dictionary of electronics I Rudolf F. Graf. - 7th ed.,
`revised and updated.
`cm.
`p.
`ISBN 0-7506-9866-7 (alk paper)
`l. Electronics-Dictionaries. I. Title
`TK.7804.067 1999
`621.381'03-dc21
`
`99-17889
`ClP
`
`British Library Cataloguing-ill-Publication Data
`A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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`'Iypeset by Laser Words, Madras India
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`DEMINT00003507
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`Case 6:20-cv-00636-ADA Document 48-9 Filed 02/16/21 Page 4 of 4
`
`597
`pull curves-The characteristics relating force to
`displacement in the actuating system of a relay.
`pull-down resistor- I. A resistor connected across
`the output of a device ?r circuit to hold the output equal to
`or less than the zero mput level of the following digital
`device. Also used to lower the output impedance of a
`device. 2. A resistor connected to a negative voltage or
`to ground.
`pull-in current (or voltage)-The maximum
`current (or voltage) required to operate a relay. See also
`pickup current.
`putling-;-1. In an oscilla~or, the ~desired change
`from the desired frequency. It 1s caused either by coupling
`from another source of frequency or by the influence
`of the load inlpedance. 2. In television, partial loss of
`synchronization.
`pulling figure-The difference between the maxi(cid:173)
`mum and mininlum frequencies of an oscillator whenever
`the phase angle of the load-inlpedance reflection coef(cid:173)
`ficient varied through 360°. The absolute value of this
`coefficient is constant and equal to 0.20.
`pull-in rate-The maximum stepping rate at which
`a s
`motor can start its load without missing a step.
`p
`torque- L Torque that a synchronous motor
`can exert to bring its driven load into synchronous speed.
`There is no cotTeSponding term for induction motors. 2. A
`measure of the maximum torque that can be applied to the
`shaft of a stepper motor without causing it to miss a step
`when starting.
`pull-out force-The tensile force required to sepa(cid:173)
`rate a conductor from a contact or terminal, or to separate
`a contact from a connector.
`pull-out rate-The maximum stepping rate at which
`a stepper motor can move its load without losing synchro(cid:173)
`nism with the field.
`pull-out torque-Also called breakdown torque, or
`maximum torque. l. The maximum torque a motor can
`deliver without stalling. 2. See running torque. 3. The
`maximum torque that a synchronous motor develops
`at synchronous speed at rated frequency and nonnal
`excitation. 4. A measure of the maximum torque that can
`be applied to the shaft of a stepper motor running at a
`constant speed within its pull-out ratings before the motor
`loses synchronism with the field.
`. pull strength-The values o~ the ~essure achie".ed
`m a test in which a pulling stress is applied to determme
`breaking strength of a lead or bond.
`PUH test-A test for bond strength of a lead,
`interconnecting wire, or a conductor.
`.
`.
`puH the plug-CB radio term for shut off the radio.
`pull-up-1. The placing of the output ';oltage of a
`logic circuit at the high level by means of an mtem~ cur(cid:173)
`rent sink: or source. 2. A de voltage imposed on _the m~ut
`of an amplifier to move the amplifier's operating pamt
`out of the offset range. Pull-up is usually accomplished
`by means of a voltage divider network.
`PUii-up resistor- I. A resistor conne<;ted to the
`positive supply voltage of a transistor circmt. as f'.rom
`the collector supply to the output collector. 2. A_ res~stor
`connected across the output of a device or crrc~t to
`hold the output voltage equal to or greater than the mput
`transition level of a digital device. It is usually connected
`to a positive voltage or to the plus supply.
`d
`ped
`PUii-up torque-1. The minimll1!1 torque ..:'::~ of
`1
`by an alternating-current motor dunng the l""'""- wn
`acceleration from rest: to the speed at which bre1!~te
`!Orqne occurs. For motors that do not. have a . . um
`breitdowu torque the pull-up torque 18 the T of
`~ developed ~p to rated speed. 2. Lo:_e:J :Udufull-
`:-4"!UC produced by a motor between zero Sr(cid:173)
`lQad speed.
`
`pull curves - pulse amplitude
`pulsating current-Current that varies in amplitude
`but does not change polarity.
`pulsating direct curre~t-A ~ t C\U.'rent that
`changes its value at regular o~ megular mtervals but flows
`in the same direction at all times.
`pulsating electromotive force-A direct elec(cid:173)
`tromotive force and an alternating electromotive force
`combined.
`pulsating quantity-A periodic quantity that can
`be considered the sum of a continuous component and an
`alternating component in the quantity.
`pulsation welding-A form of resistance welding
`in which the power is alternately applied and removed.
`pulse- I. A variation of a quantity w~ose value_ is
`nonnally constant; this variation is characterized by a nse
`and a decay and has finite amplitude and duration. 2. An
`abrupt change in voltage, e~the~ positive or _negative, that
`conveys information to a circwt. See also ~ - 3. A
`brief excursion of a quantity from nonnal. 4. Signal char(cid:173)
`acterized by the rise and •decay in time of a quantity
`whose value is normally constant. 5. Voltage level, typ(cid:173)
`ically 5 volts of very short duration, used in compu~
`to represent a bit. 6. Single impulse of a telephone dial.
`Generally transmitted in groups of one to ten to repre(cid:173)
`sent dialed digits or unique tones to represent digits. 7. A
`sudden and abrupt jump in an electrical quantity from
`its usual level to a higher or lower value, quickly fol(cid:173)
`lowed by an equally abrupt return. 8. A voltage or current
`that lasts for a short period and is square or Gaussian in
`shape.
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`SAG OR
`DROOP
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`AMPLITUDE
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`50%
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`Pulse, 1.
`
`pulse amplification-The compression and inten(cid:173)
`sification of a laser pulse of a specific width into a
`smaller pulse width. A spherical cavity, in conjunction
`with a beam compressor, is efficient for pulse ampJ.itlca(cid:173)
`tion. Cones and flats ~ highlf effective when used in
`conjunction with swept-line foci.
`pulse ampliflar-_A wideband_ amplifier _used to
`amplify square waves without appreciably changmg their
`shape.
`pulse amplitude-A general term for the magnitude
`of a pulse. For more specifi.c designation, adjectives
`such as average, instantaneous, peak. nns (effective), etc.,
`should also be used.
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`DEMINT00003508
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