Case 6:20-cv-00272-ADA Document 65-10 Filed 03/14/22 Page 1 of 9
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`Exhibit 8
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`

`

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`Case 6:20-cv-00272-ADA Document 65-10 Filed 03/14/22 Page 3 of 9
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`WCDMA
`FOR UMTS
`
`Radio Access for Third Generation
`Mobile Communications
`
`Third Edition
`
`Edited by
`
`Harri Holma and Antti Toskala
`Both of
`Nokia, Finland
`
`John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
`
`

`

`Case 6:20-cv-00272-ADA Document 65-10 Filed 03/14/22 Page 4 of 9
`Case 6:20-cv-00272-ADA Document 65-10 Filed 03/14/22 Page 4 of 9
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`DEFS-VOIP-2020-CC-00000143
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`

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`Case 6:20-cv-00272-ADA Document 65-10 Filed 03/14/22 Page 5 of 9
`Case 6:20-cv-00272-ADA Document 65-10 Filed 03/14/22 Page 5 of 9
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`
`
`WCDMA
`WCDMA
`ror UMTS
`FOR UMTS
`
`DEFS-VOIP-2020-CC-00000144
`
`

`

`Case 6:20-cv-00272-ADA Document 65-10 Filed 03/14/22 Page 6 of 9
`Case 6:20-cv-00272-ADA Document 65-10 Filed 03/14/22 Page 6 of 9
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`DEFS-VOIP-2020-CC-00000145
`
`

`

`Case 6:20-cv-00272-ADA Document 65-10 Filed 03/14/22 Page 7 of 9
`
`WCDMA
`FOR UMTS
`
`Radio Access for Third Generation
`Mobile Communications
`
`Third Edition
`
`Edited by
`
`Harri Holma and Antti Toskala
`Both of
`Nokia, Finland
`
`John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
`
`

`

`Case 6:20-cv-00272-ADA Document 65-10 Filed 03/14/22 Page 8 of 9
`
`Copyright # 2004
`
`John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester,
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`Case 6:20-cv-00272-ADA Document 65-10 Filed 03/14/22 Page 9 of 9
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`5 R
`
`adio Access Network Architecture
`
`Fabio Longoni, Atte La¨nsisalmi and Antti Toskala
`
`5.1 System Architecture
`
`including an
`This chapter gives a wide overview of the UMTS system architecture,
`introduction to the logical network elements and the interfaces. The UMTS system utilises
`the same well-known architecture that has been used by all main second generation systems
`and even by some first generation systems. The reference list contains the related 3GPP
`specifications.
`The UMTS system consists of a number of logical network elements that each has a
`defined functionality. In the standards, network elements are defined at the logical level, but
`this quite often results in a similar physical implementation, especially since there are a
`number of open interfaces (for an interface to be ‘open’, the requirement is that it has been
`defined to such a detailed level that the equipment at the endpoints can be from two different
`manufacturers). The network elements can be grouped based on similar functionality, or
`based on which sub-network they belong to.
`Functionally the network elements are grouped into the Radio Access Network (RAN,
`
`UMTS Terrestrial RAN ¼ UTRAN) that handles all radio-related functionality, and the Core
`
`Network, which is responsible for switching and routing calls and data connections to
`external networks. To complete the system, the User Equipment (UE) that interfaces with the
`user and the radio interface is defined. The high-level system architecture is shown in
`Figure 5.1.
`From a specification and standardisation point of view, both UE and UTRAN consist of
`completely new protocols, the design of which is based on the needs of the new WCDMA
`radio technology. On the contrary, the definition of Core Network (CN) is adopted from
`GSM. This gives the system with new radio technology a global base of known and rugged
`CN technology that accelerates and facilitates its introduction, and enables such competitive
`advantages as global roaming.
`Another way to group UMTS network elements is to divide them into sub-networks. The
`UMTS system is modular in the sense that it is possible to have several network elements of
`the same type. In principle, the minimum requirement for a fully featured and operational
`
`WCDMA for UMTS, third edition. Edited by Harri Holma and Antti Toskala
`# 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
`ISBN: 0 470 87096 6
`
`