Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 1 of 47 PageID #: 3618
`Case 6:12—cv—00799—JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 1 of 47 Page|D #: 3618
`
`EXHIBIT 2
`
`EXHIBIT 2
`
`
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 2 of 47 PageID #: 3619
`111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US005555190A
`[llJ Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`United States Patent [19J
`Derby et al.
`
`5,555,190
`Sep. 10, 1996
`
`[54] METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ADAPTIVE
`LINE ENHANCEMENT IN CORIOLIS MASS
`FLOW METER MEASUREMENT
`
`[75]
`
`Inventors: Howard V. Derby, Boulder; Tarnai
`Bose, Denver, both of Colo.; Seeraman
`Rajan, Bombay, Ind.
`
`[73] Assignee: Micro Motion, Inc., Boulder, Colo.
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 501,411
`Jul. 12, 1995
`
`Filed:
`
`[22]
`
`[51]
`[52]
`[58]
`
`[56]
`
`Int. Cl.6
`........................................................ GOlF 1/84
`U.S. Cl . ....................................... 364/510; 73/861.356
`Field of Search ..................................... 364/509, 510,
`364/572; 73/861.38, 861.37, 861.03, 861;
`324/76, 77-85, 601
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`Re. 31,450
`4,109,524
`4,491,025
`4,879,911
`4,934,196
`5,009,109
`5,052,231
`5,331,859
`5,429,002
`5,469,748
`
`1/1983 Smith ................................... 73/861.38
`8/1978 Smith ................................... 73/861.37
`1/1985 Smith et al .......................... 73/861.38
`11/1989 Zo1ock ................................. 73/861.38
`6/1990 Romano ............................... 73/861.38
`4/1991 Kalotay ................................ 73/861.38
`1011991 Christ et al .......................... 73/861.38
`7/1994 Zolock ................................. 73/861.38
`7/1995 Colman ................................ 73/861.38
`1111995 Kalotay ................................ 73/861.38
`
`Primary Examiner-James P. Trammell
`Attorney, Agent, or Finn-Duft, Graziano & Forest, P.C.
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`An apparatus and method for determining frequency and
`phase relationships of vibrating flow tubes in a Coriolis mass
`flow meter. Adaptive line enhancement (ALE) techniques
`and apparatus are used in a digital signal processing (DSP)
`device to accurately determine frequency and phase rela(cid:173)
`tionships of the vibrating flow tube and to thereby more
`accurately determine mass flow rate of a material flowing
`through the mass flow meter. In a first embodiment, an
`adaptive notch filter is used to enhance the signal from each
`corresponding sensor signal on the vibrating flow tubes. In
`a second embodiment, a plurality of adaptive notch filters
`are cascaded to enhance the signal from each corresponding
`sensor signal. In both embodiments an anti-aliasing deci(cid:173)
`mation filter associated with each sensor signal reduces the
`computational complexity by reducing the number of
`samples from a fixed frequency AID sampling device asso(cid:173)
`ciated with each sensor signal. Computational adjustments
`are performed to compensate for spectral leakage between
`the fixed sampling frequency and the variable fundamental
`frequency of the vibrating flow tubes. Despite this added
`computational complexity, the present invention is simpler
`than prior designs and provides better noise immunity due to
`the adaptive notch filtration. Heuristics are applied to the
`weight adaptation algorithms of the notch filters to improve
`convergence of the digital filters and to reduce the possibility
`of instability of the filters interfering with mass flow mea(cid:173)
`surements.
`
`35 Claims, 20 Drawing Sheets
`
`202
`
`206
`
`260
`
`268
`!
`
`PHASE
`
`206
`
`PHASE
`
`262
`
`204
`
`NOTCH
`FILTER
`
`NOTCH
`FILTER
`
`258
`
`WEIGHT
`ADAPTATION
`
`60
`
`272
`
`\
`210
`
`FREQUENCY
`CALCULATION
`
`\
`212
`
`290
`)
`MASS
`FLOW
`COMPU-
`TATION
`
`294
`)
`
`I
`
`155
`
`UTILIZATION
`MEANS
`
`268
`
`\
`292
`
`MM0636494
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 3 of 47 PageID #: 3620
`
`155
`1 55
`
`':1
`mass FLOW
`INSTRUMENTATION
`
`d INS~:J~E~~~~ON I
`\
`158
`
`158
`
`_
`
`FIG. 1
`
`r: l .1 r.7
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`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 4 of 47 PageID #: 3621
`
`202
`)
`
`48:1
`DECIMATION
`J
`202
`~
`
`DECIMATION
`
`200
`
`250
`
`1
`
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`
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`(FIG. 1}
`':1_.
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`
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`258 ../""
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`
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`
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`t
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`
`60
`
`FIG. 2
`
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`
`208
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`294
`
`~T
`CALCULATION
`
`1\._1 ---.--
`
`290
`)
`MASS
`FLOW
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`TATION
`
`266
`
`155 -----(cid:173)
`(FIG. 1)
`
`UTILIZATION
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`
`\ -
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`292
`
`1---'- 268
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`FREQUENCY
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`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 5 of 47 PageID #: 3622
`
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`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 6 of 47 PageID #: 3623
`
`e L 260
`r-------------------------------------------------------------------~ J eR262
`
`FIG. 4
`
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 7 of 47 PageID #: 3624
`
`FIG. 5
`
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 8 of 47 PageID #: 3625
`
`FIG. 6
`
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`(FIG. 3)
`
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`
`STABILITY! •
`TEST
`
`1 '--000
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`
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`STABILITY TEST:
`OUTPUT = 1 IFF
`I X I < (1 - Y)
`I Y I < 1 AND
`OUTPUT = 0 OTHERWISE
`
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`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 9 of 47 PageID #: 3626
`
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 10 of 47 PageID #: 3627
`
`FIG. 8
`
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`
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 11 of 47 PageID #: 3628
`Case 6:12—cv—00799—JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 11 of 47 Page|D #: 3628
`
`FIG. 9
`
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 12 of 47 PageID #: 3629
`Case 6:12—cv—00799—JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 12 of 47 Page|D #: 3629
`
`FIG. 10
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 13 of 47 PageID #: 3630
`
`® SAMPNO
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`
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`[ SAMPNO + N]
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`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 14 of 47 PageID #: 3631
`
`264
`{FIG. 3)
`
`I
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 15 of 47 PageID #: 3632
`
`1300
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`FIG. 13
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`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 16 of 47 PageID #: 3633
`
`FIG. 14
`
`~--------------------------------------------------------------~1358,260
`n
`1400 ..----..~ 1402
`
`254,256,
`1350,1352
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`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 17 of 47 PageID #: 3634
`Case 6:12—cv—00799—JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 17 of 47 Page|D #: 3634
`
`1500
`
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`
`1568
`
`8 (t- 1)
`
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`
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`
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`FIG. 15
`
`n
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`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 18 of 47 PageID #: 3635
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 10, 1996
`
`Sheet 16 of 20
`
`5,555,190
`
`-
`OJ
`
`-0
`co
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`
`MM0636510
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 19 of 47 PageID #: 3636
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 10, 1996
`
`Sheet 17 of 20
`
`5,555,190
`
`FIG. 17
`
`1700
`
`1702
`
`READA/0
`SAMPLE INTO
`CIRCULAR
`BUFFER
`
`DETERMINE THE
`CONVOLUTION OF SAMPLES
`AND STORE IN SECOND
`CIRCULAR BUFFER
`
`1706
`
`1708
`
`YES
`
`DETERMINE THE
`CONVOLUTION
`VALUES IN SECOND
`BUFFER AND STORE IN
`SAMPLE BUFFER
`
`1710
`
`(
`
`DONE
`
`)
`
`MM0636511
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 20 of 47 PageID #: 3637
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 10, 1996
`
`Sheet 18 of 20
`
`5,555,190
`
`FIG. 18
`
`1810
`
`\
`
`ACCUMULATE SIGNAL
`AND NOISE VALUES
`
`UPDATE GOERTZEL
`FILTER TO ACCUMULATE
`COMPLEX NUMBER
`FOR PHASE
`
`INITIALIZE CIRCULAR BUFFERS FOR f--.-
`A/D DECIMATION AND
`ENABLE A/D INTERRUPTS
`
`1800
`
`WAIT FOR DECIMATED
`SAMPLE AVAILABILITY
`
`1-'--1802
`
`APPLY NOTCH FILTER TO PRODUCE ~ 1804
`ENHANCED SAMPLE
`
`UPDATE FILTER PARAMETERS ~ 1806
`
`NO
`
`1812
`
`,,
`
`HALF
`WINDOW
`START
`?
`
`YES
`
`DETERMINE SNR VALUE
`FROM ACCUMULATED
`SIGNAL AND NOISE VALUES
`
`~1814
`
`,~
`
`1816
`
`YES
`
`...
`--.
`
`SNR
`FAULT
`?
`
`NO._,
`
`18\8
`
`RESET FILTER
`ADAPTATION
`COMPUTATIONS
`I
`
`DETERMINE ~t FOR PREVIOUS WINDOW AND ~ 1820
`APPLY UTILIZATION MEANS AND
`DETERMINE GOERTZEL FILTER WEIGHTS
`
`MM0636512
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 21 of 47 PageID #: 3638
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 10, 1996
`
`Sheet 19 of 20
`
`5,555,190
`
`FIG 19
`•
`
`1806
`\
`
`~r
`DETERMINE
`UPDATED FORGETTING
`FACTOR
`
`~1902
`
`DETERMINE
`UPDATED GAIN
`FACTOR
`
`r------ 1904
`
`DETERMINE
`UPDATED DEBIASING ~1906
`PARAMETER
`
`DETERMINE
`UPDATE COVARIANCE
`MATRIX
`
`r----1908
`
`DETERMINE
`UPDATED NOTCH FILTER
`WEIGHTS
`
`1------- 1 91 0
`
`1912
`
`NO WEir
`
`UPDATED
`
`STABLE
`?
`YES
`
`1
`
`APPLY UPDATED
`WEIGHTS TO
`NOTCH FILTERS
`
`....._
`
`r--------1 914
`
`MM0636513
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 22 of 47 PageID #: 3639
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 10, 1996
`
`Sheet 20 of 20
`
`5,555,190
`
`l!)
`
`v ~
`
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`en
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`
`MM0636514
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 23 of 47 PageID #: 3640
`
`5,555,190
`
`1
`METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ADAPTIVE
`LINE ENHANCEMENT IN CORIOLIS MASS
`FLOW METER MEASUREMENT
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates to mass flow rate measure(cid:173)
`ment and in particular to the use of digital signal processing
`adaptive filtration methods and apparatus in Coriolis mass
`flow meters.
`
`PROBLEM
`
`5
`
`2
`In order to achieve these accuracies, it is necessary that
`the signal processing circuitry operate with precision in
`measuring the phase shift of the two signals it receives from
`the flowmeter. Since the phase shift between the two output
`signals of the meter is the information used by the process(cid:173)
`ing circuitry to derive the material characteristics, it is
`necessary that the processing circuitry not introduce any
`phase shift which would mask the phase shift information
`provided by the sensor output signals. In practice, it is
`10 necessary that this processing circuitry have an extremely
`low inherent phase shift so that the phase of each input
`signal is shifted by less than 0.001 o and, in some cases, less
`than a few parts per million. Phase accuracy of this magni(cid:173)
`tude is required if the derived information regarding the
`15 process material is to have an accuracy of less than 0.15%.
`The frequencies of the Coriolis flowmeter output signals
`fall in the frequency range of many industrially generated
`noises. Also, the amplitude of the sensor output signals is
`often small and, in many cases, is not significantly above the
`amplitude of the noise signals. This limits the sensitivity of
`the flowmeter and makes the extraction of the useful infor(cid:173)
`mation quite difficult.
`There is not much a designer can do either to move the
`meter output signals frequency out of the noise band or to
`increase the amplitude of the output signals. Practical Coria(cid:173)
`lis sensor and flowmeter design requires compromises that
`result in the generation of output signals having a less than
`optimum signal to noise ratio and dynamic range. This
`limitation determines the flowmeter characteristics and
`30 specifications including the minimum and maximum flow
`rates which may be reliably derived from the flowmeter's
`output signals.
`The magnitude of the minimum time delay that can be
`measured between the two Coriolis flowmeter output signals
`at a given drive frequency is limited by various factors
`including the signal to noise ratio, the complexity of asso-
`ciated circuitry and hardware, and economic considerations
`that limit the cost and complexity of the associated circuitry
`and hardware. Also, in order to achieve a flowmeter that is
`economically attractive, the low limit of time delay mea(cid:173)
`surement must be as low as possible. The processing cir-
`cuitry that receives the two output signals must be able to
`reliably measure the time delay between the two signals in
`45 order to provide a meter having the high sensitivity needed
`to measure the flowing characteristics of materials having a
`low density and mass such as, for example, gases.
`There are limitations regarding the extent to which con(cid:173)
`ventional analog circuit design can, by itself, permit accurate
`time delay measurements under all possible operating con(cid:173)
`ditions of a Coriolis flowmeter. These limitations are due to
`the inherent noise present in any electronic equipment
`including the imperfections of semi-conductor devices and
`noise generated by other circuit elements. These limitations
`are also due to ambient noise which similarly limits the
`measurement can be reduced to some extent by techniques
`such as shielding, guarding, grounding, etc. Another limi(cid:173)
`tation is the signal to noise ratio of the sensor output signals
`themselves.
`Good analog circuit design can overcome some of the
`problems regarding noise in the electronic equipment as well
`as the ambient noise in the environment. However, an
`improvement in the signal to noise ratio of the output signals
`cannot be achieved without the use of analog filters. But
`65 analog filters alter the amplitude and phase of the signals to
`be processed. This is undesirable, since the time delay
`between the two signals is the base information used to
`
`25
`
`It is known to use Coriolis mass flowmeters to measure
`mass flow and other information for materials flowing
`through a conduit. Such flowmeters are disclosed in U.S.
`Pat. Nos. 4,109,524 of Aug. 29, 1978, U.S. Pat. No. 4,491,
`025 of Jan. 1, 1985, andRe. 31,450 of Feb. 11, 1982, all to
`J. E. Smith et al. These flowmeters have one or more flow
`tubes of straight or curved configuration. Each flow tube 20
`configuration in a Coriolis mass flowmeter has a set of
`natural vibration modes, which may be of a simple bending,
`torsional or coupled type. Each flow tube is driven to
`oscillate at resonance in one of these natural modes. Material
`flows into the flowmeter from a connected conduit on the
`inlet side of the flowmeter, is directed through the flow tube
`or tubes, and exits the flowmeter through the outlet side. The
`natural vibration modes of the vibrating, fluid filled system
`are defined in part by the combined mass of the flow tubes
`and the material within the flow tubes.
`When there is no flow through the flowmeter, all points
`along the flow tube oscillate about a pivot point with
`identical phase due to an applied driver force. As material
`begins to flow, Corio lis accelerations cause each point along
`the flow tube to have a different phase. The phase on the inlet 35
`side of the flow tube lags the driver, while the phase on the
`outlet side leads the driver. Sensors are placed on the flow
`tube to produce sinusoidal signals representative of the
`motion of the flow tube. The phase difference between two
`sensor signals is proportional to the mass flow rate of 40
`material through the flow tube.
`A complicating factor in this measurement is that the
`density of typical process material varies. Changes in den(cid:173)
`sity cause the frequencies of the natural modes to vary. Since
`the flowmeter's control system maintains resonance, the
`oscillation frequency varies in response to changes in den(cid:173)
`sity. Mass flow rate in this situation is proportional to the
`ratio of phase difference and oscillation frequency.
`The above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. Re. 31,450 to Smith
`discloses a Coriolis flowmeter that avoids the need for
`measuring both phase difference and oscillation frequency.
`Phase difference is determined by measuring the time delay
`between level crossings of the two sinusoidal sensor output
`signals of the flowmeter. When this method is used, the 55
`variations in the oscillation frequency cancel, and mass flow
`rate is proportional to the measured time delay. This mea(cid:173)
`surement method is hereinafter referred to as a time delay or
`~t measurement.
`Measurements in a Coriolis mass flowmeter must be made 60
`with great accuracy since it is often a requirement that the
`derived flow rate information have an accuracy of at least
`0.15% of reading. The signal processing circuitry which
`receives the sensor output signals measures this phase
`difference with precision and generates the desired charac(cid:173)
`teristics of the flowing process material to the required
`accuracy of at least 0.15% of reading.
`
`50
`
`MM0636515
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 Filed 03/07/14 Page 24 of 47 PageID #: 3641
`
`5,555,190
`
`3
`derive characteristics of the process fluid. The use of filters
`having unknown or varying amplitude and/or phase charac(cid:173)
`teristics can unacceptably alter the phase difference between
`the two sensor output signals and preclude the derivation of
`accurate information of the flowing material.
`The flowmeter's drive signal is typically derived from one
`of the sensor output signals after it is conditioned, phase
`shifted and used to produce the sinusoidal drive voltage for
`the drive coil of the meter. This has the disadvantage that
`harmonics and noise components present in the sensor signal 10
`are amplified and applied to the drive coil to vibrate the flow
`tubes at their resonant frequency. However, an undesirable
`drive signal can also be generated by unwanted mechanical
`vibrations and electrical interferences that are fed back to the
`meter drive circuit and reinforced in a closed loop so that
`they create relatively high amplitude self-perpetuating dis- 15
`turbing signals which further degrade the precision and
`accuracy of the time delay measurement.
`There are several well known methods and circuit designs
`which seek to reduce the above problems. One such sue- 20
`cessful technique to reduce some of the above problems is
`described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,231,884 toM. Zolock and U.S.
`Pat. No. 5,228,327 to Bruck. These patents describe Coriolis
`flowmeter signal processing circuitry that uses three identi-
`cal channels having precision integrators as filters. A first 25
`one of these channels is permanently connected to one
`sensor signal, say, for example, the left. The other two
`channels (second and third) are alternately connected, one at
`a time, to the right sensor signal. When one of these, say the
`second channel, is connected to the right sensor signal, the 30
`third channel is connected, along with the first channel, to
`the left sensor signal. The inherent phase delay between the
`. first and third channel is measured by comparing the time
`difference between the outputs of the two channels now both
`connected to the left signal. Once this characteristic delay is 35
`determined, the role of this third channel and the second
`channel connected to the right sensor signal is switched. In
`this new configuration, the second channel undergoes a
`calibration of its delay characteristics while the third cali(cid:173)
`brated channel is connected to the right sensor signal. The 40
`roles of second and third channels are alternately switched
`by a control circuit approximately once every minute. Dur(cid:173)
`ing this one-minute interval (about 30 to 60 seconds), aging,
`temperature, and other effects have no meaningful influence
`on the phase-shift of the filters and therefore their phase 45
`relationship is known and considered defined.
`The precisely calibrated integrators used by Zolock pro(cid:173)
`vide a signal to noise ratio improvement amounting to about
`6 db/octave roll-off in the amplitude transfer function of the
`integrator. Unfortunately, this 6 db/octave improvement is 50
`not enough under many circumstances in which Coriolis
`flowmeters are operated (such as light material or exces(cid:173)
`sively noisy environments). The reason for this is that a
`single-pole filter, such as the Zolock integrator, has a rela(cid:173)
`tively wide band width. As a result, noise signals generated 55
`by unwanted flow tube vibration modes, noisy environment,
`material flow noise, electromagnetic or radio frequency
`interference and disturbances are not removed to the extent
`necessary for high meter sensitivity required for precision.
`Depending on their frequency, their amplitude is reduced 60
`somewhat, but they can still interfere with the precision time
`delay measurement between the two sensor output signals
`when measuring low mass materials such as gases.
`There is another source for errors in the Zolock and Bruck
`systems. The integrator time delay measurements are made 65
`at three (3) certain well defined points of the sinusoidal
`sensor signals. The two sensor signals are ideal only when
`
`4
`their shape is the same and is symmetrical around their peak
`values. However, when the two magnetic circuits (sensors)
`that generate the sensor signals are not identical, the result(cid:173)
`ing non-ideal wave forms contain different amounts of
`5 harmonics with possibly undefined phase conditions which
`can alter their shape and potentially change their symmetri(cid:173)
`cal character. The result of such variations is such that when,
`during normal operations, a Zolock integrator is calibrated
`with one wave form and is subsequently used to measure
`another wave form, the difference in wave forms may
`produce an undefined and unknown amount of error due to
`its harmonic content and its undefined and varying phase of
`its harmonics.
`Other analog circuit design techniques suffer from similar
`problems of complexity, insufficient noise immunity, or
`insufficient harmonic rejection.
`There are techniques currently available, such as digital
`signal processing (hereinafter referred to as DSP) and asso(cid:173)
`ciated digital filtering, to overcome tlte above-discussed
`problems and simultaneously improve the signal to noise
`ratio of the signals being processed. However, these alter(cid:173)
`natives have been more complicated and expensive than
`conventional analog circuit designs. In addition, these prior
`DSP designs have shown only modest improvement over
`conventional analog circuit designs with respect to noise
`immunity and harmonic rejection. U.S. Pat. No. 4,934,196,
`issued Jun. 19, 1990 to Romano, teaches a DSP design for
`computing the phase difference, ~t, and correlated mass flow
`rate. Romano's design alters the sampling frequency of an
`AID converter in an attempt to maintain an integral number
`of sample times within each periodic cycle of the vibrating
`flow tubes. This need for variable frequency sampling
`complicates Romano's DSP design. Although this DSP
`design is structurally quite distinct from prior discrete ana(cid:173)
`log circuit designs, it has proven to provide only modest
`improvements over analog designs in measurement accu(cid:173)
`racy because it provides significant improvement in filtration
`only at integer multiples of the fundamental frequency.
`However, many signal components result from mechanical
`vibration modes of the flow tubes whose resonant frequen-
`cies are not integer multiples of the fundamental frequency
`and are therefore poorly rejected by the prior DSP designs.
`Neither prior approach (analog nor prior DSP) effectively
`rejects non-harmonic or broadband noise. From the above
`discussion, it can be seen that there is a need for an improved
`method and apparatus for measuring mass flow rate in a
`Coriolis mass flow meter.
`
`SOLUTION
`
`The present invention solves the above identified prob(cid:173)
`lems and achieves an advance in the art by applying digital
`filtering and digital signal processing (DSP) methods and
`apparatus to improve the accuracy of mass flow measure(cid:173)
`ments in a Coriolis mass flow meter. The present invention
`comprises a DSP design which includes adaptive notch
`filters to improve the accuracy of frequency and phase
`measurements used in the computation of mass flow rate.
`The use of adaptive notch filtration in the present invention
`is one application of the technology commonly referred to as
`Adaptive Line Enhancement (ALE).
`In the present invention, the signal from each vibrating
`flow tube sensor is sampled, digitized, and then processed by
`a digital adaptive notch filter which passes all noise signals
`outside a narrow frequency band (a notch) around the
`fundamental frequency. This digitized filtered signal is then
`
`MM0636516
`
`

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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-2 File