Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 1 of 20 PageID #: 3598
`Case 6:12—cv—00799—JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 1 of 20 Page|D #: 3598
`
`EXHIBIT 1
`
`EXHIBIT 1
`
`
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 2 of 20 PageID #: 3599
`
`(12)
`
`(54) MULTI-RATE DIGITAL SIGNAL
`PROCESSOR FOR SIGNALS FROM PICK(cid:173)
`OFFS ON A VIBRATING CONDUIT
`
`(75)
`
`Inventor: Denis He:nrot. Louisville, CO (US)
`
`• 9/1996 Derby et al ................... 702/45
`5,.555,190 A
`5,583, 784 A * lZ/1996 Kapust et aL
`................ 702J77
`5,734,112 A
`3/1998 Bose et al.
`• 4!1998 Hill el al ................. 73/861.()4
`5,741,980 A
`• 7{1999 Matter et a! ................ 340/606
`5,926,096 A
`6,233,529 Bl • 512001 O.mningham ......... ....... 7m/76
`
`(73) A<iSignee: Micro Motion, Inc., Boulder, CO (US)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`( ~) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(22)
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/344,840
`Filed:
`Jun.28, 1999
`Int. Cl. 7
`............... ••• ..... ... ... .............. ... .• G01 F 17/00
`U.S. Cl .......................... 702/54; 702/45; 73/861.35
`Field of Search .............................. 702/45, 50, 66,
`7fJ2/70, 71, 72; 731861.355,861.357, 861.05,
`861.06, 861.09; 324/58.5
`
`(51)
`(52)
`(58)
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,066,881 A
`4,996,871 A
`5,311,991 A
`5,361,036 A
`
`• 1/1978 Houdard ..................... 708/405
`3/1991 Romano
`6/1994 Kalotay ................... 73/861.35
`¥
`• 11/1994 White ....... ""''""'''""' 329/361
`
`9/1998
`1/1971
`
`EP
`0 866 319 Al
`1 219 887
`GB
`* cited by exarnioer
`Primary Examiner-Marc S. Hoff
`Assistant E::i:aminer-Mohamcd Charioui
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Facgre & Benson ILP
`ABSTRACT
`
`(57)
`
`A digital signal processor for determining a property of a
`material :O.owing through a conduit. The digital signal pro(cid:173)
`cessor of this invention receives signals from two pick-off
`sensor mounted at two d:ifferent points along a flow tube at
`a first sample rate. The signals are converted to digital
`signals. The digital signals are decimated from a first sample
`rate to a desired sample rate. The frequency of the received
`signals is then determined from the digital signals at tbe
`desired sample rate.
`
`26 CJaims, 7 Drawing Sheets
`
`110
`
`DRIVE SIGNAl
`LEfT VELOCITY SIGNAL
`RIGHT VELOCITY SIGNAL
`
`METER
`ELECTRONICS
`
`111
`
`26
`
`105'
`
`MM0002603
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 3 of 20 PageID #: 3600
`Case 6:12—cv—00799—JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 3 of 20 Page|D #: 3600
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`7,
`Jan. 7, 2003
`
`1
`Sheet 1 of 7
`
`Us 6,505,131 B1
`
`IELECTRONICS
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`I
`
`I
`
`
`
`
`
`RIGHTVELOCITYSIGNAL
`
`_I
`‘EC2
`QU)
`
`E §L
`
`LI
`:>
`him_J
`
`_!
`4:
`
`2Qa
`
`:
`Lu
`2as
`:3
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`o
`
`I / r
`
`.,.....
`0
`
`MM0002604
`MM0002604
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 4 of 20 PageID #: 3601
`Case 6:12—cv—00799—JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 4 of 20 Page|D #: 3601
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 7,2003
`
`2
`7
`Sheet 2 of 7
`
`US 6,505,131 B1
`
`PROCESSOR
`
`r 0
`
`N
`
`I::3
`
`UE(
`
`J
`Lu
`21::
`ca
`
`MM0002605
`MM0002605
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 5 of 20 PageID #: 3602
`Case 6:12—cv—OO799—JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 5 of 20 Page|D #: 3602
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`7,
`Jan. 7,2003
`
`3
`7
`Sheet 3 of 7
`
`Us 6,505,131 B1
`
`300 1
`
`FIG. 3
`
`START
`
`30‘?
`
`302
`
`303
`
`GENERATE DRIVE
`SIGNAL
`
`RECEIVE SEGNALS
`FROM PICK-OFF SENSORS
`
`GENERATE DATA
`
`ABOUT SIGNAL
`
`304
`
`CALCULATE PROPERTIES
`OF MATERIAL
`
`MM0002606
`MM0002606
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 6 of 20 PageID #: 3603
`Case 6:12—cv—00799—JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 6 of 20 Page|D #: 3603
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 7,2003
`7,
`
`Sheet 4 of 7
`4
`7
`
`US 6,505,131 B1
`
`400 \
`
`FIG. 4
`
`DECIMATE SAMPLES OF SIGNALS
`FROM FIRST SAMPLE RATE TO AN
`INTERMEDIATE SAMPLE FIATE
`
`402
`
`ESTIMATE FREQUENCY or
`SIGNALS FROM SAMPLES
`
`403
`
`DEMODULATE
`SIGNALS
`
`DEGIMATE SIGNALS FROM THE
`INTERMEDIATE SAMPLE RATE TO A
`DESIRED SAMPLE FIATE
`
`DETERMINE FREQUENCY
`OF SIGNALS
`
`DETERMINE PHASE DIFFERENCE
`BETWEEN SIGNALS
`
`DETERMINE AMPLITUDE
`OF SIGNALS
`
`MM0002607
`MM0002607
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 7 of 20 PageID #: 3604
`
`1,
`
`5
`
`5001
`
`501
`
`502
`
`503
`
`RETRIEVE M SAMPLES OF
`SIGNALS TO CREATE
`STATE VECTOR
`
`MULTIPLY STATE VECTOR
`BY VECTOR OF STATE INPUT
`TO DETERMINE A ?1h SAMPLE
`
`OUTPUT THE RESULT
`REPRESENTING EVERY
`MlhSAMPLE
`
`600
`
`601 _r-
`
`. ....r
`602
`
`603
`:../"'
`
`. ./""
`604
`
`. ..r-
`605
`
`(
`
`START
`+
`DEMULTIPLEX SIGNAL INTO
`I COMPONENT SIGNAL AND
`Q COMPONENT SIGNAL
`
`+
`
`INTEGRATE EACH
`COMPONENT SIGNAL
`+
`CALCULATE COMPENSATION
`FOR EACH COMPONENT SIGNAL
`
`+
`
`COMBINE COMPONENT SIGNALS
`TO GENERATE DIGITALLY
`INTEGRATED SIGNAL
`+
`CALCULATE RATIO BElWEEN
`ORIGINAL SIGNAL AND DIGITALLY
`INTEGRATED SIGNAL TO ESTIMATE
`FREQUENCY
`t
`END
`
`(
`
`)
`
`MM0002608
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 8 of 20 PageID #: 3605
`Case 6:12—cv—00799—JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 8 of 20 Page|D #: 3605
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 7, 2003
`
`Sheet 6 of 7
`6
`7
`
`US 6,505,131 B1
`
`CALCULATE PULSATION OF
`NOFIMAUZED SIGNAL
`
`CALCULATE TW!DDLE
`
`FACTOR wk
`
`CALCULATE SAID DOT
`PRODUCT OF THE TWIDDLE
`FACTOR AND A RECEIVED SIGNAL
`
`700
`700 1
`
`701
`
`702
`
`703
`
`800
`
`IS
`FREQUENCY
`GREATERTHAN REFERENCE
`FREQUENCY
`‘E’
`
`DETERMINED FREQUENCY =
`FREQUENCY — 250
`
`DETERMINED
`FREQUENCY = 0
`
`802
`
`MM0002609
`MM0002609
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 9 of 20 PageID #: 3606
`Case 6:12—cv—00799—JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 9 of 20 Page|D #: 3606
`
`US. Patent
`
`Jan. 7,2003
`
`Sheet 7 on
`7
`7
`
`US 6,505,131 B1
`
`FIG. 9
`
`9001
`
`901
`
`902
`
`903
`
`CALCULATE ADAPTATION OF
`NOTCH FILTER PARAMETER
`
`CALCULATE FREQUENCY
`FROM ADAPTATION
`
`PERFORM COMPLEX
`DEMODULATION OF SIGNALS
`
`PERFORM DECIMATION
`ON SIGNALS
`
`PERFORM COMPLEX
`
`CORRELATION OF LEFT
`PICK-OFF SIGNAL WITH RIGHT
`PICK-OFF SIGNAL
`
`DETERMINE PHASE
`
`DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
`SIGNALS
`
`MM0002610
`MM0002610
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 10 of 20 PageID #: 3607
`
`2
`
`US 6,505,131 Bl
`
`1
`MUI:fi-RATE DIGITAL SIGNAL
`PROCESSOR FOR SIGNALS FROM PICK(cid:173)
`Ol!'.t'S ON A VIBRATING CONDUIT
`
`FIELD OF 1HE INVENTION
`This invention relates to a
`proce!iilSOr for an
`a material flowing
`ratus that measures
`conduit in the apparatus.
`at least one
`relates to a digital
`proces-
`particularly, this
`sor for performing calculations to determine
`of signals receive from pick-off sensors me:astll'i:!Jig the
`frequency of vibrations of the conduit.
`
`Problem
`
`35
`
`MM0002611
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 11 of 20 PageID #: 3608
`
`Bl
`
`4
`3
`FIG. 3 illustrating a flow diagram of the operations
`A transmitter thai pexTorrns
`performed by a digital traosmitter;
`invention has the
`ele,::l.ra>nic cmnp<lnents.
`attached to
`signals from the
`sensors are
`FIG. 4 illustrating a l11:.~wma~~:ntm
`received by an
`to Digital ("ND") converter. The
`sensors;
`data from signals received
`converted digital
`are applied to a standard digital 5
`FIG. 5 illustrating a process for performing a decimation
`unit that
`processor. The
`processor is a
`of signal samples from a
`executes machine readable instructions that are
`in a
`FIG. 6 illustrating
`memory connected to the processor via a bus. A typical
`frequency of the
`digital processor has a Read Only Memory (ROM) which
`FIG. 7 illustratiJ11g
`stores the instructions for performing desired processes such 10
`frequency selection
`is
`as the processes of the
`invention. The
`FIG. 8 illustrating a process for demodulating the
`also connected to a
`J'I!:Ceived signals; and
`the instructions for a process that is c::urreiJLtly being
`FIG. 9 illustrating a method for determining data about
`and the data needed to perform the process. The processor
`:flow tube vibration from the received signals.
`may also generate drive signals for the Coriolis fiowrnetcr. 15
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`In order to apply the drive signal to a drive system, a digital
`Coriolis Flowmeter in General-FIG. 1
`be connected to a Digital to Analog (D/A)
`processor
`FIG. 1 shows a Coriolis flowmeter 5 comprising a Coria-
`convertor
`receives digital signals from the proce.ssor
`lis meter assembly 10 and transmitter 20. TrMsmitler 20 is
`and applies amlog signals to the drive system.
`20 connected to meter as.<;embly 10 via leads tOO to pmvilk
`The
`of the present invention
`mass flow rale, volume Oow rate, temperature,
`lowing
`to determine the fre(Jl.ll~nc:ies
`ma.'IS flow, and enhanced density over path 26. A
`received from the
`Coriolis flowmeter structure is described although it should
`signals. First, the signals are
`difference btotween
`to those skilled in the art that the present
`from the pick off sensor at a first sample rate. A sample rate
`be
`im•tmllion could be practicc::d in conjunction with any appa-
`is the amount of
`received from the
`that are 25
`ralus having a vibrating conduit to measure properties of
`wsed to
`the
`from
`pick-offs. The
`material. A second example of such an apparatus is a
`a fimt sample rate to a
`are then
`vibrating tube lknsitomctcr which does not have the addi·
`sample rate. Decimation is simply converting from
`a first number of samples to a lesser number of samples.
`tional measurement capability provided by a Coriolis mass
`Decimation is performed to increase the resolution of the 30 flowmeter.
`signals sampled to provide a more
`calculation of
`Metera~>enlblyll:iJidllldc:sapairoffiangesl01and101',
`signal frequency for each signal.
`frequency of each
`manifold 102
`conduits 103A and 1038. Driver 104 and
`signal is then determined.
`pick-off sensors 105 and 105' are connected to conduits
`103A-B. Brace bam 106 and 106' serve to define the axis W
`In order to use the same pro~:.-e:sses with different flow-
`meters having different frequencies, the following steps may 35 and W' about which each conduit oscillates.
`also be performed. An estimate of the oscillation frequency
`When flowmeter 10 is inserted into a pipeline
`is
`of the flowmeter is calculated The estimated
`shown} which carries the process material that
`then used to demodulate the signals from each
`measured, material enters meter assemblv lnth"'"''"'h
`an I component and a Q comp<>nenl. The I oomponent and
`101, passes through manifold 102
`the material is
`the Q component are then m;ed to translate the signals to a 40 directed to enter conduits 103A and 103B, flows through
`ceoter frequency if the operating frequency of the signals is
`conduits 103A and 103B and back into manifold 102 from
`greater than a transition frequency. After demodulation, the
`where it exits meter assembly 10 through flange 101'.
`signals may be decimated a second time to improve the
`Conduits 103A and 103B are selected and appropriately
`resolution of the signals a second time.
`mounted to tbe manifold 102 so as to have substantially the
`Thedominantfrequencyofthesignalsisthenisolatedand 45 same mass distribution, moments of inertia and elastic
`precisely measured. The translation to a zero frequency is
`modules about bending axes W-W and
`then calculated for both the 1 component and Q components
`lively. The conduits extend outwardly from the llloLLUJ..mu
`of the signals. At this time, each component may decimated
`an essentially parallel fashion.
`again 1.o improve the aocurac.,"Y o[ measurement. The fr~:-
`Conduits 103A-103B are driven by driver 104 in opp<>site
`band of each signal can be narrowed as much as so directions about their respective bending axes W and W and
`by appropriate low pass
`at what is termed the first out of phase beud.ing mode of the
`at this time. A
`complex correlation is then performed
`determines the
`fiowmeter. Driver 104
`comprise any one of many well
`phase difference between the signals.
`known
`as a magnet mounted to conduit
`coil mounted to conduit 103B and
`103A
`an
`allows a low p<>wer, low cost, digital 55 through
`current is
`for
`The above
`used in a different types of Coriolis flow-
`both conduits. A suitable
`applied by meter
`processor to
`meter which operate over a wiCk range of operating fre-
`electronics 20, via lead 110, 10
`104.
`Transmitter 20 roocives the left and
`quencies.
`apJieru:inl!; on leads 111 and 1ll', re:sp(')lctivdy. TracnSinittcd~
`drive signal aPJICll.ling
`104 to vibrate tubes
`and 103B. Transmitter 20
`proocsses the left and right velocity signals to compute the
`mas.<; flow rate and the lknsity of the material
`mett:r assembly 10. This information is
`
`DESCRIPTION OF TilE DRAWINGS
`
`The present invention can be understood from the fol-
`lowing detailed description and the following drawing:;;:
`FIG. 1 illustrating a Coriolis Flowmeter having a digital
`transmitter that performs multi -rate pick-off signal processes
`of this invention;
`FIG. 2 illustrating a block diagram of a digital signal
`transmitter;
`
`60
`
`65 path
`II is known to those skilled in the art that Coriolis
`flowmeter 5 is quite ~;imilar in 8tructure to a vibrating tube
`
`MM0002612
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 12 of 20 PageID #: 3609
`
`US 6,505,131 Bl
`
`Coriolis flowmeter
`
`or the
`
`s
`densitometer. Vibrating tube densitometers also utilize a
`vibrating tube tbrough which fluid flows or, in the case of a
`sample-type densitometer, within which fluid is held. Vibrat-
`ing tube densitometers also employ a drive system for
`exciting the conduit to vibrate. Vibrating tube dens:itometers s
`typically uti.lize only
`feedback signal since a density
`measurement requires
`the measurement of frequency
`and 11 phase measurement no[ necessary. The descriptions
`of the present invention herein apply equally to vibrating
`tube densitometers.
`
`6
`Process 300 is then repeated as long
`5 is operating within a pipeline.
`A Process for Generating Data About the Pick-oft" Signals in
`Accordance with the Present Invention--FIG. 4.
`FIG. 4 illnstratcs process 400 which is a
`generating data such as a signal's frequency
`received from pick-offs 105 and 105' that mea.<;ure
`oscillations of ftow tubes 103A-B in Coriolis flowmeter 5.
`Process 400 offers seveml
`fur use in a
`of process 400 is that
`transmitter 20. A fiilil
`is no loss of
`use of finite
`arith-
`metic insJ~~~~~d~~~!~::~f~ arithmetic. This
`a low
`A Digital Transmitter 20-FIG. 2.
`FIG. 2. illustrates of the components of a digital trans-
`such the 1MS3205xxx manufac-
`mitter 20. Paths 111 and ill' transmit the left and right
`ADISP2b::x manufactllred by
`manufactured by Motorola
`signals from flowmeter assembly 10 to transmitter
`velocity si.gnals are received by analog to digital 15 Inc. A second
`is that the memory requirement for
`(AID) convertor 203 in meter electronic 20. AID convertor
`the instructions for process 400 is small enough to reside in
`203 converts the left and
`the internal memory of the processor which eliminates the
`velocity
`to digital
`I!S.\Ihle by
`need for a high speed bus between the processor and an
`unit 201
`transmits the
`Although shown as
`external memory. The computational requirements are
`signals over path
`separate components, AID convertor 203 may be a single 20 reduced by process 400 which allows the processor to
`convertor, such as an AK45Hi 16-bit codec chip, which
`opc;:,rate at subsumtially less than its maximum clock rate.
`provides 2 convertors so that signals from both pick-offs are
`Process 400 begins in step 401 by decimating the sample
`converted simultaneously. The digital signals are carried by
`rate of signals received from the pick-offs from a first sample
`paths 211-210' to processor 201. One skilled in the art will
`rate to a second, lesser sample rate. In a preferred
`recognize that any number of pick-offs and other sensors, 2S embodiment, the signals arc decimated from a first
`such as an RID sensor for determining the
`of
`rate of 48 kHz to a second sample rate of 4 kHz.
`the .flaw tube, may be connected to processor
`decimation of sample rates increases the resolution of the
`n.-iv"r"ii ..... ~l .. arc transmitted
`which increases the
`of the calculations as
`to digital to
`des;crilbed below in FIG. S. In the
`embodiment, the
`convertor and may be a JO reduction of the sample rate from
`convertor 202 is a common
`kHz to 4kHz .increases
`D/A convertor or one that is integrated in a stereo
`the resolution of the sample from B bits to B+L79 bits.
`chip such as a standard AKM 4516. Another
`ln step 402, an estimate of the signal frequency is calcu-
`common D/A convertor 202 is a AD7943
`The analog
`lated from the sampled signals. A preferred process is to
`from D/A convertor 202 are
`to drive
`calCillate an estimated signal frequency is provided in FIG.
`290 via path 291. Drive circuit 291 then applies the 35 6. The estimated signal frequency is then used to demodulate
`drive signal to driver 104 via path 110. Path 26 carries
`the received signals in step 403. A process for demodulating
`means (not shoWll) which allows
`signals to
`and
`the digital signals is given in FIGS. 7 and 8. A second
`to
`from and convey data to an
`decimation of the sampled signals is
`.in
`404.
`transmitter
`The second decimation reduces the
`operator.
`Processing unit 201 is a micro-processor, processor, or 40 second sample rate to a third sample rate to
`group of processors that reads instructions from
`and
`resolution of the
`signal. In the
`executes the instnJctions to
`the various
`of
`embodiment, the reduction
`from a sample rate
`to
`a rate of 800 Hz which increases the resolution to B+2.95
`the flowmeter. In a
`embodiment, processor 201 is
`manufactured by
`a ADSP-2185L
`bits. This reduction
`in the same manner as the
`Devices. The functions performed include but are not
`45 decimation in step
`calculation are
`ited to
`mass flow rate of a
`coxnptltintg
`After the second decimation in
`volume fiow rate of a material, and
`performed as
`made based upon the received
`the noise has been
`shoWil FIG.
`part of a
`material which
`:stored
`from each pick-off is
`Memory (ROM)
`The data as well as instructions for
`removed,
`frequency of the
`performing the variow. fooctions are stored in a Random 50 determined in step 405. In
`a phase difference
`between the signal from a first
`Access Memory (RAM) 230. Processor 201 performs read
`and the signal from
`The amplitude of each
`and write operations in RAM
`230 via path 231.
`a second pick-off is
`signal is theo determined in step 407. Process 400 is then
`Overview of Operation l'erfonned
`Digital Transmitter
`as long as the flowmeter is in operation or
`20--FIG. 3.
`either
`FIG. 3 is an overview of the functiom performed by ss process
`ends.
`digital transmitter 20 to operate Coriolis ftowmeter 5. Pro-
`A Process fur Decimating Sample Rates of Signals fmm
`cess 300 begins in step 301 with transmitter 20
`Pick-offi>..FIG. S
`F'IG . .5 illustrates a process for decimating the rate of
`drive signal. The drive signal is then applied to
`samples received from pick-offs. The same llmce8S i'l used
`via path 110. In step 302, digital transmitter 20 receives
`signals from pick-off lOS and 10.5' responsive to vibration of 60 for the decimation. performed in each of steps 401, 404, and
`through flaw
`said flow tubes 103 A-B as material
`in the process for determining frequency of the signal. In
`rubes 103A-B. Data about the
`such as signal fre-
`each of these steps, process 500 is performed for signals
`quency and pha.o;e difference between signals is performed
`from each pick-off :separntely. The difference between the
`by digital transmitter 20 in sl.ep 303. Information about
`decimation performed in each step is the length of the input
`properties of a material flowing through flow tubes 103A 65 data vectors as described below.
`and 103B, such as mass flow rate, density, and volumetric
`A decimation as described in
`calculated from the data in step 304.
`flow rnte, are
`using a block processing
`
`MM0002613
`
`

`
`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 13 of 20 PageID #: 3610
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`US 6,505,131 Bl
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`7
`equal to the decimation ratio. The decimation
`vector
`amount that the sample frequency is being
`ra!io is
`reduced by the decimation. Using thi'i block pro~g
`melhod is lll:l operational advantage sinoo the process must
`only be repeated at lll:l output data rate rather than at an input 5
`data rate. The principle behind recursion block filtering is
`that a state variable representation of the signals is:
`
`8
`A Process fur Estimating the Frequency of the Received
`Signals FJG. 6.
`Process 600 is a
`for estimating !he frequency of
`order to demodulate the signals in a
`the received signals
`step. Process 600 must be completed in
`the signals can be demodulated. The sub(cid:173)
`deJnojdulatiJJn i.s described below and shown in FIG.
`
`Where:
`A.B,C,D=malrices representing the state of the system;
`"""'an N+l stale vel:tor at time .k.;
`uk•an input; and
`YA-'"'an output of
`From induction, it
`
`a decimated signal.
`
`i\m-!11 Am-2B "" B I Xk
`
`Ot"i+m
`~
`Yt+l =
`
`II.,
`--c=-+--n=---~o~--.. -.~0
`·.. 0
`CA
`CB
`D
`
`~
`"•+1
`
`_\,.-rM-1
`
`CAm-I 04m-2B CA.;n-l.B
`
`D
`
`"R-M I
`
`When decimating a signal by a factor of M, only every M-th
`sample is going to be kepi. Therefore, all but the las! output
`row of the above matrix can be eliminated to yield the
`following equation:
`
`From the above, it is obvious that the number of accumulate/
`multiply operations for one recumion of the above equation
`is:
`
`where:
`R"".rthe computational load on a processor; md
`F ""',-represent!> the filter output rate.
`The memory needed to perform a decimation is as follows:
`memory to store each filter coefficient which may be
`read-only
`memory to store the filter state vector xk which must be
`read-write (RAM); and
`an input block buffer memory (read-write).
`of decimation using the above
`FIG. 5 illustrates the
`Process 500 begins in step 501 by
`block processing
`receiving m samples into a buffer to create an input block.
`The input block is then mulliplit:d by the state vector in step
`502. The results
`every mtb sample are then
`use in other calculations. Process
`outputted in step
`SOO ends after step 503.
`
`where:
`NMAc-number of accumulate/multiply operations;
`N-order of the matrix A; and
`Methe block size which is equal to the decimation rate of 45
`the process.
`Therefore, the computational load for performing the deci(cid:173)
`mation is
`
`The process 600 for estimating the frequency of the
`10 signals is shoWTI in FIG. 6.
`600 is performed on
`either one of the received
`Process 600 begiDS in step
`601 by demultiplexing
`digital signal into lll:l
`In-phase (I) and a quadratme
`component. A
`component
`integration is then performed on
`15 component of the signal in step 612. ln step 603, a signal
`compensation is calculated on the integrated signal. The
`signal components are then multiplexed to generate a digi(cid:173)
`tally integrated signal in step 604. The ratio between the
`is then
`original signal and the digitally
`20 calculated in step 605. The ratio
`of the
`an
`frequency which may
`used to demodulate the
`in
`700.
`JJSeS fixed coefficient filters to estimate the
`frequency. Therefore no re=ive
`is needed.
`2S Since recursion is not used, process
`always converges .
`. Furthermore, process 600 rapidly tracks changes in the
`frequency. The estimated
`at the end of process
`600 is given by the following
`
`where:
`F .,...,=estimatedfrequency;
`
`35
`
`Fs•frequencyofsamples.
`A Process for a High-Low Frequency Selector--FIG. 8
`Process 800 illustrated in FJG. 8 an optional
`that
`may be performed between the frequency
`and
`40 demodulation of the signal. The high low frequency selector
`is needed to determine the frequency of intere5t. Process
`FIG. 9). which accurately measures the signal
`1000
`frequency, exlnlJits 1111 estimate bias md slower convergence
`in the normalized frequency range:
`
`55
`
`where:
`F ,•normalized frequency of signal
`so From this equation, it is apparent that the pruces..o; for
`determining frequency is not accurate when the sample rate
`is 4 kHz and the frequency of the signal measured is as low
`as 20 Hz. Process 800 remedies this situation to allow
`process 1000 to be used over a large band of frequencies.
`'Ibis is done by determining whether the process will operate
`in a high or a low frequency mode in the following manner.
`Process 800 begins in
`801 by determining whether the
`estimated frequency is
`than or equal to a reference
`the reference fre-
`frequency. In a preferred
`60 quency is chosen to 250 Hz. 250 Hz
`frequency between the normal operating
`conventional flow tubes and
`If the actual estimated frequency is les..<> thlll'l the reference
`frequency, an estimated frequency of zero is re!umed. If the
`65 actual estimated frequency is greater than the reference
`frequency, lhe estimated frequency is calculated to be the
`actual e.<>timated frequency minus 120Hz.
`
`MM0002614
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 14 of 20 PageID #: 3611
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`9
`A Process for Demodulating the Received :suma!S--l<lli. 7
`FlG. 7 illustrates a process 700 for deiD04:lul;~tioag the
`received digital signals.
`uses the estimated frequency that was either
`This
`ca],;:'ll.!altedin J~ro,~ess 600(FIG. 6)orin process800(FIG.
`701 by calculating a no1ma.J:i1,c~d
`exJ~ressed in the following equation:
`
`where:
`wa-the normali:.red pulsal.iur~;
`Fa-the estimated frequency;and
`frequency of the samples.
`The real valued 'twiddle' factor is calculated in step 701 15
`according to the following equation:
`
`Bl
`
`j-a oo~JJ>tant; and
`w•signal.
`Therefore, poles of the signals are expressed :io the following
`equation:
`
`In step 902, a1 is calrulated for each signal. a1 is calculated
`using one of many conventional algorithms :such as RLS,
`10 RML, or SGN. This minimizes the signal energy.
`of each signal is deter-
`In slep
`the signal
`mined. In
`to determine the
`of the
`normalized frequency with re:.-pect to tht~ d(:ciinailed si~p1alis
`determined using the following equation:
`
`with
`
`where
`~-receivcdsignalftomeil.her
`oneofthepick--offsen.sors.
`The dot
`of the 'twiddle factor' and the actual
`is calculated :io step 702 by the following
`received
`equation:
`
`y~EW.Xp(k)..-(AJ2){oos{(OO+W•)k++)+ros((l!)-{>)w)k.....,)}
`
`where
`F.,=normali:....ed frequency with respect to decimated sig(cid:173)
`nal; and
`a1 is Cl.ll'rent adapted value of the notch filter parameter.
`of the signals can then be determined in
`The
`step
`by multiplying the normalized frequency by
`the decimation frequency (F,•F.,xF..). In step !JOJ,
`quadrature demodulation is performed on the signals.
`Quadratu.re.democ;l:ula;tion is performed by choosiog the
`demodulation signal as shown below the signal's domi(cid:173)
`nant frequency is shifted to zero. In proces..o; !JOJ, the dot
`product of a demodulation signal and the received
`signals is calculated. Tbe modulation signal is repre(cid:173)
`sented in the followiog manner:
`
`20
`
`2S
`
`30
`
`Jt should be noted that if
`800 yields to the low
`the estimated frequency is
`fre•qll«mc:y mode low mode
`to zero,
`. Otherwise the modulated output
`has two
`as shown below:
`
`where
`
`35
`
`F-(F,I12){(ro""'")t2II}.
`
`Howe,rcr, this can be remedied by a dual dec:iolation as
`descnl,ed below. The first
`corresponding to the
`- :io the above equation is the
`of interest. The second
`signal corresponding to the +
`the equation will be
`filtered out in the next
`process :io step 90.5 of
`process 900 (SEE FIG. 9).
`Process for Generating Data from the Received Signals--
`FIG. 9
`HG. 9 ill1.1Stratcs a process 900 for generating data about
`the signals received from the sensors. Process 900 begins in
`step 901 by calculating a adaptation of a notch filter param(cid:173)
`eter which is calculated in the following manner. It is known
`that a notch :filter paranieter is a s:iogle adaptive paran1eter
`rcpu:sented by:
`
`computed
`
`in step
`As noted above the received signals can be shown as:
`Xr.(k)aA cos(ro,.k+tjl13); where ~=each signal from 11 pick(cid:173)
`off sensor 105-105'.
`From the above equations, the output of the quadrature
`demodulation is:
`
`45
`
`In order to further :iocrease the
`resolution, a decinla(cid:173)
`lion is performed in step 904. In a preferred embodiment,
`this decimation is a x40 decimation that is performed on
`both the I and Q
`of the received signals. This
`~0 decimation reduces
`result of the complex quadrature
`demodulation to:
`
`1 +a1.t'' -1 +t" -2
`H(;;)= l+aa1.t" -I +a"2z• -2
`
`where a.·d is a
`paran1eter adjusting the band-
`a1 is the
`sought after
`width of the :filter
`through adaption. Assume ja11<2
`then note that:
`a 1=-2 co• (ro)
`
`The zero points of H (z) are given by the equation:
`
`where
`z-zero points;
`
`55 After the decimation is performed, a phase difference of the
`signals is performed in step 905. In an
`embodiment, the phase dift'erence is calculated :io
`lowing manner. First one, from either the left or
`pick-oli sensor, of the received signals is COIIjU!~attd
`60 accordance with the following equation:
`
`•'-(kH4,,fl) oxp(-f(J},.,j
`
`Then, the signal is multiplied with the second signal to
`perform a complex correlation between the pick-off :signals
`65 as shown in the following equation:
`
`q(k)=z,_,,(k)%,...{k)-(A'214)exp(l(q>1.,.-<jl,.,,))
`
`MM0002615
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 124-1 Filed 03/07/14 Page 15 of 20 PageID #: 3612
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`US 6,505,131 Bl
`
`Therefore, the phase difference is given by the following
`equation:
`
`The phase difference can then be used to calculate mass flow
`rate and other properties of the material flowing through the
`material.
`The above is a description of a digital transmitter 20 for
`a Coriolis flowmeter :5 and the
`for det.emrrin:ing
`transmitter 20. It
`data about signals received by
`expected that others will design alternative digital signal
`processors and processes that infringe on this invention as
`.set forth in the claims below either literally or through the
`Doctrine of Equivalentll.
`What is claimed is:
`1. A method for prcloe:ssi.rlg signals received from a first
`a
`pick -off .sensor
`pick -off sellSOr measuring
`vibrations of a conduit 'l.lsing a digital
`processor to
`information about a material
`thro1.1gh said
`said method oomprising the steps
`
`6. The method of claim 5 wherein one of said properties
`io; mas.o; flow rate of said material flowing through said
`conduit.
`7. The method of claim 5 wherein one of said prcmcrti~~s
`is density of said material
`through said
`8. The method of claim
`said step
`del.ernllining
`of vibration of said conduit co1mp~~s
`said
`slt:p:s
`modulating said normalized frequency of said signals; and
`performing a complex demodulation of said signals using
`said modulated normalized frequency to determine said
`frequency.
`!1. The method of claim 8 wherein sai,d sltepof,detcrnnining
`saidfl'e<J1uency of vibration of said oondnit fu1the:r c:omprlses
`15 tbe
`decimating said demodulated signals;
`performing a complex correlation of said signals to deter(cid:173)
`mine a phase difference between said signals.
`10. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of decimal(cid:173)
`said samples from said first pick-off sensor and said
`from said second pick-off sen..'iOr comprises the step
`
`20
`
`25
`
`sample rnte;
`sei!ISOr at a
`second
`and
`decimating said samples from said first sample rate to a
`desired sample rate;
`determining a frequency of vibration for said conduit at
`said first pick-off and at said second pick-off from said
`samples of said signals at said desired sample rate;
`calculating a normalized frequency of said signals; and
`demodulating said signals from said first pick-off :.ensor
`and said =nd pick-off sensor to translate "~~~~~i:~
`to a center frequency, wherein said step
`d
`ing comprises the steps of:
`calculating a normalized p1.1llsation of said normalized
`frequency of said
`and
`calculating dot products
`said normalized pulsation
`and said signals from said first pick-off sensor and
`said second pick-off sensor to translate said signals
`to said center
`2. The method of claim
`said step of calculating
`said normalized frequency oomprises the steps of:
`demultiplexing said signals into I components and Q
`components;
`integrating said I components;
`integrating said Q components
`multiplexing said I components and said Q components to
`produce digitally integrated signals; and
`calculating a ratio between an amplitude of said
`an