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`Case 6:12—cv—00799—JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 1 of 66 Page|D #: 2931
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`Paper No. ________
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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`_______________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`_____________
`
`MICRO MOTION, INC.
`Petitioner
`v.
`
`INVENSYS SYSTEMS, INC.
`Patent Owner
`
`
`
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Issue Date: October 30, 2001
`Title: DIGITAL FLOWMETER
`_______________
`
`Inter Partes Review No. Unassigned
`____________________________________________________________
`
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`UNDER 35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319 AND 37 C.F.R. § 42.100 ET. SEQ.
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`4844-7373-7238.4
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 3 of 66 PageID #: 2933
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
`
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`TABLE COF CONTENTS
`
`
`Notice of Lead and Backup Counsel ...............................................................................................1 
`Notice of Each Real-Party-in-Interest ..............................................................................................1 
`Notice of Related Matters ................................................................................................................1 
`Notice of Service Information .........................................................................................................1 
`Grounds for Standing .......................................................................................................................1 
`Statement of Precise Relief Requested ............................................................................................2 
`Threshold Requirement for Inter Partes Review .............................................................................2 
`Statement of Reasons for Relief Requested .....................................................................................3 
`
`I. 
`A. 
`B. 
`
`II. 
`
`TECHNICAL INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................3 
`Coriolis Flowmeters .............................................................................................................3 
`The Claims of the ’136 Patent .............................................................................................5 
`
`CLAIM CONSTRUCTION .................................................................................................9 
`
`III. 
`
`CLAIM-BY-CLAIM EXPLANATION OF GROUNDS FOR
`UNPATENTABILITY ........................................................................................................9 
`Ground 1. 
`Claim 17 Is Obvious Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Thompson ............................9 
`Ground 2. 
`Claim 36 Is Anticipated Under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) by Thompson ........................15 
`Ground 3. 
`Claims 24-26 Are Obvious Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Thompson in View of
`Liu ..........................................................................................................................20 
`Claim 21 Is Obvious Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Romano .............................29 
`Claim 36 Is Anticipated Under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) by Romano ...........................35 
`Claim 21 Is Obvious Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Kalotay ..............................40 
`Claims 24 and 25 Are Obvious Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Kalotay in View of
`Liu ..........................................................................................................................47 
`Claim 26 Is Obvious Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Kalotay in View of Liu and
`Pratt ........................................................................................................................55 
`Conclusion .....................................................................................................................................59 
`
`
`
`Ground 4. 
`Ground 5. 
`Ground 6. 
`Ground 7. 
`
`Ground 8. 
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 4 of 66 PageID #: 2934
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`
`EXHIBIT LIST
`
`
`
`Exhibit
`Ex. #
`1001 U.S. Pat. No. 6,311,136 (“’136 Patent”)
`1002 Declaration of Dr. Michael D. Sidman
`1003 U.S. Pat. No. 5,373,745 (“Cage”)
`1004 U.S. Pat. No. 2,865,201 (“Roth”)
`1005 U.S. Pat. No. RE 31,450 (“Smith”)
`1006 U.S. Pat. No. 4,934,196 (“Romano”)
`1007 U.S. Pat. No. 5,050,439 (“Thompson”)
`1008 U.S. Pat. No. 5,009,109 (“Kalotay”)
`1009
`“How the Micro Motion Mass Flow and Density Sensor Works,” Micro
`Motion, Inc., 1990 (“How Article”)
`1010 U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,711 (“Pratt”)
`1011
`Invalidity Contentions, ’136 Patent Invalidity Claim Chart – Romano
`Reference served on September 13, 2013, Invensys Systems, Inv. V.
`Emerson Electric Co. et.al. Case No. 6:12-cv-00799-LED (E.D. TX)
`Invalidity Contentions,’136 Patent Invalidity Claim Chart – Kalotay
`Reference served on September 13, 2013, Invensys Systems, Inv. V.
`Emerson Electric Co. et.al. Case No. 6:12-cv-00799-LED (E.D. TX)
`Invalidity Contentions,’136 Patent Invalidity Claim Chart –Thompson
`Reference served on September 13, 2013, Invensys Systems, Inv. V.
`Emerson Electric Co. et.al. Case No. 6:12-cv-00799-LED (E.D. TX)
`1014 U.S. Pat. No. 7,124,646 (“’646 Patent”)
`1015 U.S. Pat. No. 5,379,649 (“Kalotay ’649”)
`1016 U.S. Pat. No. 5,555,190 (“Derby”)
`1017 U.S. Pat. No. 5,734,112 (“Bose”)
`1018 U.S. Pat. No. 4,996,871 (“Romano ’871”)
`1019 U.S. Pat. No. 5,029,482 (“Lui”)
`1020 U.S. Pat. No. 4,872,352 (“Alden”)
`
`1012
`
`1013
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`4844-7373-7238.4
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 5 of 66 PageID #: 2935
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
`
`
`1030
`
`1033
`
`1034
`
`1035
`
`1021 U.S. Pat. No. 4,823,614 (“Dahlin”)
`1022 U.S. Pat. No. 5,143,257 (“Austin”)
`1023 U.S. Pat. No. 5,146,945 (“La Rosa”)
`1024 U.S. Pat. No. 5,224,372 (“Kolpak”)
`1025 U.S. Pat. No. 5,317,928 (“Young”)
`1026 U.S. Pat. No. 4,733,569 (“Kelsey”)
`1027 U.S. Pat. No. 4,679,947 (“Miller”)
`1028 U.S. Pat. No. 5,068,116 (“Gibney”)
`1029
`“Introduction to Continuous and Digital Control Systems,” Saucedo &
`Schering, Macmillan, 1968
`“Electromechanical Control Systems and Devices, “ Canfield, Robert E.
`Kreiger Publishing Company, Original Edition 1965, Reprint 1977
`1031 U.S. Pat. No. 4,524,610 (“Fitzgerald”)
`1032
`“Integrated Electronics: Analog and Digital Circuits and Systems,”
`Jacob Millman and Christos Halkias, McGraw-Hill, 1972
`“Operational Amplifiers Design and Applications,” Graeme, Tobey and
`Huelsman, McGraw-Hill, 1971
`“Modern Control Engineering,” Chapter 5 Basic Control Actions and
`Industrial Automatic Controls, Ogata, Prentice-Hall, 1970
`“Automatic Control Systems,” Third Edition, Benjamin C. Kuo,
`Prentice-Hall, 1975
`“Computer Controlled Systems Theory and Design,” Astrom and
`Wittenmark, Prentice-Hall 1984
`“Digital Control of Dynamic Systems,” Franklin, Powell & Workman,
`Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Second Edition, 1990
`“Control Sensors and Actuators,” De Silva, Prentice-Hall, 1989
`“Digital Signal Processing,” Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer,
`Prentice-Hall, January 1975
`“Programs for Digital Signal Processing,” IEEE Acoustics, Speech, and
`Signal Processing Society, John Wiley and Sons, 1979,
`“The Fourier Transform and its Applications,” Bracewell, McGraw-
`
`1036
`
`1037
`
`1038
`1039
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`1040
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`1041
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`4844-7373-7238.4
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 6 of 66 PageID #: 2936
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
`
`
`Hill, Second Edition, 1978
`1042 U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,809 (“Sidman”)
`1043 Analog Devices Data-Acquisition Databook
`1044
`“Convert all your synchro channels to digital with a single μP-based
`system,” Arthur Berg, Micro Networks, ELECTRONIC DESIGN 25,
`December 6, 1976
`1045 U.S. Pat. No. 4,817,448 (“Hargarten”)
`1046 U.S. Pat. No. 4,872,351 (“Ruesch”)
`1047 U.S. Pat. No. 4,655,089 (“Kappelt”)
`1048 Declaration of Jeffrey N. Costakos
`
` 
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`4844-7373-7238.4
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 7 of 66 PageID #: 2937
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`
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`NOTICE OF LEAD AND BACKUP COUNSEL
`Lead Counsel: Andrew S. Baluch (Reg. No. 57,503); Tel. 202-672-5520.
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`Backup Counsel: Jeffrey N. Costakos (Reg. No. 34,144); Tel. 414-297-5782.
`
`Address: Foley & Lardner LLP, 3000 K St. NW, Suite 600,
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`Washington, D.C. 20007. FAX: 202.672.5399.
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`NOTICE OF EACH REAL-PARTY-IN-INTEREST
`
`The real-parties-in-interest for this Petition are Micro Motion, Inc. and Emerson
`
`Electric Co.
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`NOTICE OF RELATED MATTERS
`The ’136 patent is asserted in the litigation styled Invensys Systems, Inc. v.
`
`Emerson Electric Co. et al., CA. No. 6:12-cv-00799-LED (E.D. Tex.).
`
`Micro Motion has filed concurrent petitions for inter partes review of U.S.
`
`Patent No. 7,124,646, U.S. Patent 7,136,761, and U.S. Patent No. 7,505,854.
`
`NOTICE OF SERVICE INFORMATION
`
`Please address all correspondence to the lead counsel at the address shown
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`above. Petitioner consents to electronic service by email at: abaluch@foley.com
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`and jcostakos@foley.com.
`
`GROUNDS FOR STANDING
`Petitioner hereby certifies that the patent for which review is sought is available
`
`for inter partes review and that the Petitioner is not barred or estopped from
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`4844-7373-7238.4
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 8 of 66 PageID #: 2938
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`requesting an inter partes review challenging the patent claims on the grounds
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`identified in the petition.
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`STATEMENT OF PRECISE RELIEF REQUESTED
`
`The Petitioner respectfully requests that claims 17, 21, 24-26, and 36 of U.S.
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`Patent No. 6,311,136 (“the ’136 patent”)(Ex. 1001) be cancelled based on the
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`following grounds of unpatentability, explained in detail:
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`Ground 1. Claim 17 Is Obvious Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Thompson.
`
`Ground 2. Claim 36 Is Anticipated Under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) by Thompson.
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`Ground 3. Claims 24-26 Are Obvious Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over
`
`Thompson in View of Liu.
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`Ground 4. Claim 21 Is Obvious Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Romano.
`
`Ground 5. Claim 36 Is Anticipated Under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) by Romano.
`
`Ground 6. Claim 21 Is Obvious Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Kalotay.
`
`Ground 7. Claims 24 and 25 Are Obvious Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over
`
`Kalotay in View of Liu.
`
`Ground 8. Claim 26 Is Obvious Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Kalotay in
`
`View of Liu and Pratt.
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`THRESHOLD REQUIREMENT FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`A petition for inter partes review must demonstrate “a reasonable likelihood
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`that the Petitioner would prevail with respect to at least one of the claims
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 9 of 66 PageID #: 2939
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`challenged in the petition.” 35 U.S.C. § 314(a). The Petition meets this threshold.
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`All elements of claims 17, 21, 24-26, and 36 of the ’136 patent are taught in the
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`prior art as explained below in the proposed grounds of unpatentability, and
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`reasons to combine are established for each ground under 35 U.S.C. § 103.
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`STATEMENT OF REASONS FOR RELIEF REQUESTED
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`I.
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`TECHNICAL INTRODUCTION
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`The following technical introduction is supported by the Declaration of Dr.
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`Michael D. Sidman (“Sidman Decl.”) attached as Exhibit 1002, ¶¶ 22-104.
`
`A. Coriolis Flowmeters
`The ’136 patent describes a Coriolis type flowmeter (“Coriolis flowmeter”),
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`which may be a mass flowrate meter or a densitometer. (Ex. 1001, 1:18-20; 6:27-
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`29.) Such flowmeters make use of the Coriolis effect induced on fluid flowing
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`through a vibrating tube. For example, by measuring a phase difference in the
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`sinusoidal oscillation of the tube between two points on the tube, it is possible to
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`determine the mass of the fluid flowing through the tube.
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`Coriolis flowmeters were first commercialized by petitioner Micro Motion
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`in the late 1970s and early 1980s. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,373,745, Ex. 1003, 1:24-25
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`(“[Coriolis flowmeters were] first made commercially successful by Micro Motion,
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`Inc. of Boulder, Colorado.”) Coriolis flowmeters include the following basic
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`components: a vibratable tube (which can have various shapes and sizes) through
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`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`which fluid flows; an electromechanical drive mechanism (including one or more
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`electromagnetic drivers or actuators) for vibrating the tube; one or more sensors
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`that transduce the vibration of the tube; and electronics for controlling the drive
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`mechanism and for analyzing signals from the sensors.
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`Coriolis (and other) flowmeters were originally implemented with analog
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`electronic components. E.g., U.S. Pat. No. 2,865,201, Ex. 1004. To do the
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`necessary signal processing and control, such an analog flowmeter uses analog
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`components to process signals from the sensors and to control the drive
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`mechanism. As digital electronic components became more readily available,
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`flowmeters also incorporated digital components. (See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. Re.
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`31,450, Ex. 1005, which discloses a predominantly analog system incorporating
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`some digital components.) Digital components include digital logic and
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`programmable digital devices (e.g., microprocessors). E.g., U.S. Pat. No.
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`4,934,196 (“Romano”), Ex. 1006, Fig. 3; U.S. Patent No. 5,009,109 (“Kalotay”),
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`Ex. 1008, Fig. 4; U.S. Pat. No. 5,050,439 (“Thompson”), Ex. 1007, 16:11-15. A
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`digital flowmeter may include analog and digital components. For example, a
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`digital flowmeter may process signals from the sensors using digital components
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`but control the drive signal using analog components. A digital flowmeter may
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`alternatively control the drive signal using digital components.
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`The flowmeter must process the sensor signals to extract information of
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`Patent No. 6,311,136
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`interest from other information in the signals. Thus, all flowmeters, whether analog
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`or digital, perform signal processing on the sensor signals. For example, in a
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`Coriolis flowmeter, fluid flowing through an oscillating flowtube may cause a
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`phase shift in the flowtube oscillation due to the Coriolis effect, and the flowmeter
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`processes the sensor signals to extract the information related to the Coriolis effect
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`from other information in the signals to determine mass flow rate or density. If the
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`signal processing is performed in digital components, then the signal processing is
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`digital signal processing.
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`The Claims of the ’136 Patent
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`B.
`The ’136 patent includes several independent claims. Independent claims 17,
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`21, 24 and 36 (and several others) begin by reciting the following identical
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`language, followed by a “wherein” clause specific to the claim (paragraph letters
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`added for reference):
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`A digital flowmeter comprising:
`
`[a]
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`a vibratable conduit;
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`a driver connected to the conduit and operable to impart
`[b]
`motion to the conduit;
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`a sensor connected to the conduit and operable to sense
`[c]
`the motion of the conduit;
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`a control and measurement system connected between
`[d]
`the driver and the sensor, the control and measurement system
`comprising circuitry to:
`
`[e]
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`receive a sensor signal from the sensor,
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`generate a drive signal based on the sensor signal using
`[f]
`digital signal processing, supply the drive signal to the driver, and
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`generate a measurement of a property of material flowing
`[g]
`through the conduit based on the signal from the sensor ...
`
`The Background section of the ’136 patent describes previously known
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`flowmeters and the “well-known Coriolis effect” as follows: “Flowmeters provide
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`information about materials being transferred through a conduit. . . Coriolis-type
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`mass flowmeters are based on the well-known Coriolis effect, in which material
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`flowing through a rotating conduit becomes a radially travelling mass that is
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`affected by a Coriolis force and therefore experiences an acceleration. . . Energy is
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`supplied to the conduit by a driving mechanism that applies a periodic force to
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`oscillate the conduit. . . An oscillating flowmeter may use a feedback loop in which
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`a sensor signal that carries instantaneous frequency and phase information related
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`to oscillation of the conduit is amplified and fed back to the conduit using the
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`electromechanical driver.” (Ex. 1001, 1:15-46.)
`
`Thus, the ’136 patent admits that the prior art includes a flowmeter including
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`a “vibratable conduit,” “a driver . . . to impart motion to the conduit,” “a sensor . . .
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 13 of 66 PageID #: 2943
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`to sense the motion of the conduit,” “a control and measurement system [to]
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`receive a sensor signal from the sensor, generate a drive signal based on the sensor
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`signal [and] generate a measurement of a property of material flowing through the
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`conduit based on the signal from the sensor,” as recited in claims 17, 21, 24 and
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`36. See Pharmastem Therapeutics, Inc. v. Viacell, Inc., 491 F.3d 1342, 1362 (Fed.
`
`Cir. 2007) (“Admissions in the specification regarding the prior art are binding on
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`the patentee for purposes of a later inquiry into obviousness.”); MPEP § 2129
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`(admitted prior art “can be relied upon for both anticipation and obviousness
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`determinations”); Ex parte McGaughey, 6 USPQ2d 1334, 1337 (B.P.A.I. 1988)
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`(upholding the use of patent owner admissions in reexamination).
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`The Background section of the ’136 patent does not disclose to generate the
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`drive signal “using digital signal processing” as recited in the common language of
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`the subject independent claims. However, this feature, and the features recited in
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`the “wherein” clauses of each of independent claims 17, 21, 24 and 36, were well
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`known in the art at the time of the filing of the application leading to the ’136
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`patent, as discussed below with respect to several representative prior art patents.
`
`As noted above, independent claims 17, 21, 24 and 36 of the ’136 patent all
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`begin by reciting the same elements (a) through (g). The claims differ only in the
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`language following the “wherein” clause.
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`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`Independent claim 17 concludes with “wherein: the control and
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`measurement system digitally generates a gain for use in generating the drive
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`signal based on one or more properties of the sensor signal; and the control and
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`measurement system digitally implements a PI control algorithm to regulate the
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`amplitude of conduit oscillation.” As explained below and in the Declaration of Dr.
`
`Sidman, PI control is an old and well-known control strategy.
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`Independent claim 21 concludes with “wherein the control and measurement
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`system selectively applies a negative gain to the sensor signal to reduce motion of
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`the conduit.” As explained below and in the Declaration of Dr. Sidman, negative
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`gain is also an old and well-known scheme for stabilizing oscillating circuits.
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`Independent claim 24 concludes with “wherein: the digital flowmeter
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`comprises a mass flowmeter, the property of material flowing through the conduit
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`comprises a mass flow rate; and the control and measurement system accounts for
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`effects of aeration in the conduit by: determining an initial mass flow rate,
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`determining an apparent density of material flowing through the conduit,
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`comparing the apparent density to a known density of the material to determine a
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`density difference, and adjusting the initial mass flow rate based on the density
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`difference to produce an adjusted mass flow rate.”
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`Independent claim 36 concludes with “wherein the control and measurement
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`system uses digital processing to adjust a phase of the drive signal to compensate
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 15 of 66 PageID #: 2945
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`for a time delay associated with the sensor and components connected between the
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`sensor and the driver.” As explained in the Declaration of Dr, Sidman, it has long
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`been known in digital systems to compensate for the delay associated with
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`components of the system.
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`II. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION
`In accordance with the Trial Practice Guide, petitioner hereby provides "a
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`simple statement that the claim terms are to be given their broadest reasonable
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`interpretation, as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art and consistent with
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`the disclosure.” 77 Fed. Reg. 48764. Moreover, “because the Board applies the
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`broadest reasonable construction standard, the Board’s construction may not be the
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`same as that adopted by a district court, which may apply a different standard.”
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`Samsung Elecs. Co. v. Virginia Innov. Sci., Inc., IPR2013-000569, Paper 9 (PTAB
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`Oct. 30, 2013).
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`III. CLAIM-BY-CLAIM EXPLANATION OF GROUNDS FOR
`UNPATENTABILITY
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`Claims 17, 21, 24-26, and 36 are unpatentable as shown in the following
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`Grounds.
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`Ground 1. Claim 17 Is Obvious Under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Thompson
`Claim 17 is obvious under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) over Thompson (U.S. Patent
`
`No. 5,050,439 (Ex. 1007)). Thompson issued September 24, 1991. The ’136 patent
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 16 of 66 PageID #: 2946
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`claims an earliest priority date of November 26, 1997. Thus, Thompson is prior art
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`to the ’136 patent under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b). (Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶¶ 112-113.)
`
`Thompson was submitted with a large number of references in an
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`Information Disclosure Statement by Applicant during prosecution of the
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`application leading to the ’136 patent and thus is listed on the ’136 patent.
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`However, Thompson was not mentioned during prosecution of the application.
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`(Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶ 114.)
`
`Thompson discloses the basic Coriolis flowmeter operation admitted in the
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`Background section of the ’136 patent and recited in claim 17, and further
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`discloses implementing the drive function digitally (i.e., “using digital signal
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`processing”). With respect to basic Coriolis flowmeter operation, Thompson
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`discloses: “a signal processing and control system for a Coriolis-type mass
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`flowmeter characterized by oscillating several conduit sections in synchronism,
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`detecting displacement of respective ends of the sections and producing two
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`corresponding complementary sensor outputs for each section, each including a
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`drive component and a Coriolis component . . . An oscillatory drive signal is
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`derived from the drive component and a mass flow signal is derived from the
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`Coriolis component.” (Thompson, Ex. 1007, 2:19-35.) (Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶
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`115.)
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 17 of 66 PageID #: 2947
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`Thompson further discloses implementation in software (i.e., “digital signal
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`processing”) in that “many of the functions [of the control and measurement
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`circuitry] could be executed in digital circuitry or in software without departing
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`from the underlying principles.” (Thompson, Ex. 1007, 16:11-15.) One function of
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`the control and measurement circuitry is generating the drive signal in a “drive
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`servo loop.” (Thompson, Ex. 1007, 12:2.) Thompson discloses “controlling the
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`gain of the drive loop as a function of the integrated error signal.” (Thompson, Ex.
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`1007, 11:63-65.) Under KSR rationale B, it would have been obvious to substitute
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`known digital implementations of multiplication (i.e., gain) and integration for
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`analog counterparts in the servo loop. See MPEP § 2143(B) (Simple substitution
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`of one known element for another to obtain predictable results). With respect to the
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`error signal, as seen in Fig. 15 (blocks 154 and 156) of Thompson, demodulation is
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`used to provide error signals for the servo loop. (Thompson, Ex. 1007, 12:48-52.)
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`Analog and digital modulation were both well-known techniques and thus the use
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`of digital modulation for blocks 154 and 156 also constitutes substitution of one
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`known element for another to obtain predictable results under KSR rationale B.
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`Thus, it would have been at least obvious over Thompson to “generate a drive
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`signal based on the sensor signal using digital signal processing” as recited in
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`claim 17. (Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶¶ 116-118.)
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 18 of 66 PageID #: 2948
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`Therefore, Thompson discloses the basic Coriolis meter operation admitted
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`in the Background section of the ’136 patent and recited in claim 17. Thompson
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`further discloses that functions of the control and measurement circuitry (which
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`includes the drive function) could be implemented digitally, including using digital
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`signal processing. (Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶ 119.)
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`Thompson also expressly discloses the additional features recited in the
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`“wherein” clause of claim 17. (Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶ 120.)
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`Claim 17 concludes with “wherein: the control and measurement system
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`digitally generates a gain for use in generating the drive signal based on one or
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`more properties of the sensor signal; and the control and measurement system
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`digitally implements a PI control algorithm to regulate the amplitude of conduit
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`oscillation.” (Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶ 121.)
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`With respect to the first phrase of the wherein clause of claim 17, Thompson
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`discloses using the information from the sensors to generate the drive signal, in
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`that “a signal processing and control system for a Coriolis-type mass flowmeter
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`characterized by oscillating several conduit sections in synchronism, detecting
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`displacement of respective ends of the sections and producing two corresponding
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`complementary sensor outputs for each section, each including a drive component
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`and a Coriolis component . . . An oscillatory drive signal is derived from the drive
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`component and a mass flow signal is derived from the Coriolis component.”
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 19 of 66 PageID #: 2949
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`(Thompson, Ex. 1007, 2:19-35, emphasis added.) Thompson further discloses that
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`the drive signal includes a gain, in that the “drive mode term (sine) DRVI is
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`compared with a DC reference by an amplitude servo 110 and fed to gain control
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`amplifier 112 to adjust the amplitude of the drive signal.” (Thompson, Ex. 1007,
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`9:65-68.) (Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶ 122.)
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`As discussed above, Thompson also discloses that the drive signal
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`generation function could be executed in digital circuitry or in software. Thus,
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`Thompson discloses signal processing that could be implemented digitally, in
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`which the system processes the input signals and generates a gain for the drive
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`component based on the input signals (i.e., “digitally generates a gain for use in
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`generating the drive signal based on one or more properties of the sensor signal”)
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`as recited in the first part of the wherein clause of claim 17 of the ’136 patent.
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`(Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶ 123.)
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`The ’136 patent recites a “PI control algorithm” in the second phrase of the
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`wherein clause of claim 17 of the ’136 patent. “PI” is defined in the ’136 patent as
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`“proportional-integral.” (Ex. 1001, 25:36.) For example, the ’136 patent discloses a
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`“two-term PI control block that gives zero steady-state error may be expressed as”
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`the equation
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`, representing “a positive-feedback loop
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`having the gain K0(t),” where the ‘K’ terms on the right side of the equation are
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`constants and the ‘e(t)’ term represents an error between actual and desired conduit
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 20 of 66 PageID #: 2950
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`motion amplitude. (Ex. 1001, 25:65-26:2; 26:32-47.) The drive gain is thus
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`controlled as a function of the integral of the error signal e(t). In the same fashion,
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`Thompson discloses “controlling the gain of the drive loop as a function of the
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`integrated error signal.” (Thompson, Ex. 1007, 11:63-65.) (Sidman Decl., Ex.
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`1002, ¶ 124.)
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`As discussed above, Thompson also discloses that many of the “control and
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`measurement circuitry” functions could be executed in digital circuitry or in
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`software, and that it would have been obvious to substitute a digital
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`implementation of the servo loop for the analog implementation. Thus, Thompson
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`discloses signal processing that could be implemented digitally, in which the
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`system includes a PI drive loop (i.e., “digitally implements a PI control
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`algorithm.”) Thus, Thompson discloses each feature of the “wherein” clause of
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`claim 17 of the ’136 patent. (Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶ 125.)
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`Moreover, digital PI control algorithms were well-known in the art and were
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`standard fare for control system textbooks long before the application leading to
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`the ’136 patent was filed. For example, the textbook Computer Controlled Systems,
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`Theory and Design in 1984 disclosed digital PI controllers and various
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`implementations of digital PI control. (E.g., Ex. 1036, pp. 180-187, 373, 388.) The
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`textbook Digital Control of Dynamic Systems in 1990 disclosed discrete PI control.
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`(E.g., Ex. 1037, p. 223-226.) (See also the discussion related to PI control in the
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 21 of 66 PageID #: 2951
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`Sidman declaration.) Thus, PI control was well known in the art prior to the filing
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`of the ‘136 patent, as illustrated by these few examples of the many textbooks
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`available long prior to that time. To the extent a PI control method is not expressly
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`labeled as such in Thompson, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill
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`in the art to have used PI control in a digital flowmeter as a means of improving
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`accuracy and stability. (Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶¶ 126-127.) See MPEP § 2143
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`(KSR rationale (C) “use of known technique to improve similar devices (methods,
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`or products) in the same way”).
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`For these reasons, and as shown in the chart in the next section below, claim
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`17 is rendered obvious by Thompson. (Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶ 128.)
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`Ground 2. Claim 36 Is Anticipated Under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) by Thompson
`Claim 36 is anticipated under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) by Thompson (U.S. Patent
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`No. 5,050,439 (Ex. 1007)). (Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶ 129.)
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`As explained above with respect to claim 17, Thompson expressly discloses
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`every element of claim 36 before the “wherein” clause. (Sidman Decl., Ex. 1002, ¶
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`130.)
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`Claim 36 concludes with “wherein the control and measurement system uses
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`digital processing to adjust a phase of the drive signal to compensate for a time
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`delay associated with the sensor and components connected between the sensor
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`and the driver.” Similarly, Thompson discloses: “In order for the drive mode
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`Case 6:12-cv-00799-JRG Document 107-5 Filed 02/07/14 Page 22 of 66 PageID #: 2952
`Patent No. 6,311,136
`Petition For Inter Partes Review
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`oscillation to occur at the mechanical resonant frequency, the drive force applied to
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`the tubes should be in phase with the first derivative of the tube position (velocity).
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`The present circuit lags the ideal phase because of the low pass filter preceding
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`DRVPOS. In addition, a damping network is employed on the actuators: These
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`f