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` IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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` FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
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` TEXARKANA DIVISION
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`- - - - - - - - - - - - -x
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` MAXELL, LTD., :
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` Plaintiff, :
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` v. : No. 5:19-cv-00036-RWS
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` APPLE, INC., :
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` Defendant. :
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`- - - - - - - - - - - - -x
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` - - -
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` Thursday, June 18, 2020
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` - - -
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`REMOTE TELEPHONIC deposition of ROBERT L. STOLL,
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`beginning at 9:03 a.m., before Christina S. Hotsko,
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`RPR, CRR, when were present on behalf of the
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`respective parties:
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`Case 5:19-cv-00036-RWS Document 408-3 Filed 07/16/20 Page 3 of 65 PageID #: 21500
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` A P P E A R A N C E S
`O n b e h a l f o f P l a i n t i f f :
` B R Y A N C . N E S E , E S Q U I R E
` M a y e r B r o w n , L L P
` 1 9 9 9 K S t r e e t , N o r t h w e s t
` W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . 2 0 0 0 6
` ( 2 0 2 ) 2 6 3 - 3 2 6 6
` b n e s e @ m a y e r b r o w n . c o m
` L U I Z M I R A N D A , E S Q U I R E
` M a y e r B r o w n , L L P
` 7 1 S W a c k e r D r i v e
` C h i c a g o , I l l i n o i s 6 0 6 0 6
` ( 3 1 2 ) 7 0 1 - 8 8 7 3
` l m i r a n d a @ m a y e r b r o w n . c o m
`
`O n b e h a l f o f D e f e n d a n t :
` D A V I D A L M E L I N G , E S Q U I R E
` O ' M e l v e n y & M y e r s , L L P
` T w o E m b a r c a d e r o C e n t e r , 2 8 t h F l o o r
` S a n F r a n c i s c o , C a l i f o r n i a 9 4 1 1 1 - 3 8 2 3
` ( 4 1 5 ) 9 8 4 - 8 9 5 9
` d a l m e l i n g @ o m m . c o m
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`Case 5:19-cv-00036-RWS Document 408-3 Filed 07/16/20 Page 4 of 65 PageID #: 21501
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` C O N T E N T S
`EXAMINATION BY: PAGE
` Counsel for Defendant 06
` Counsel for Plaintiff 229
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`STOLL DEPOSITION EXHIBITS: * PAGE
` Exhibit 235 Expert Report of Robert L. Stoll 37
` Exhibit 236 Article, On the Way to a Better 87
` Patent System
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` Exhibit 237 USPTO and Federal District 94
` Courts, A Joint Conference
` between the USPTO and the
` Berkeley Center for Law &
` Technology, 6 June 2011
`
` Exhibit 238 Article, Patently Practical 96
` Advice: The Impact of Recent
` Supreme Court and Federal
` Circuit Cases on Patent Law and
` How They Affect the Advice We
` Give Our Clients
` Exhibit 239 NavTalk Owner's Manual and 126
` Reference Guide
`
` Exhibit 240 Declaration of David Ayres 137
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` Exhibit 241 Excel Spreadsheet, Garmin 147 149
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` Exhibit 242 Deposition of L. Kent Broddle 156
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` Exhibit 243 Service Manual, MVC-FD83/FD88 175
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` Exhibit 244 Image, Sony Digital Still Camera 190
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`STOLL DEPOSITION EXHIBITS: * PAGE
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` Exhibit 245 MVC-FD88 Camera 192
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` Exhibit 246 Article, Keeping Track of Your 201
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` Magazine Subscriptions
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` Exhibit 247 Article, Premature Magazine 203
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` Renewal Notices"
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` Exhibit 248 Opening Report of Dr. Alan Bovik 207
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` Exhibit 249 Opinion from Eastern District of 215
`
` Texas, Genband US LLC v.
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` Metaswitch Networks Corp.,
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` 7 Jan 2016
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` Exhibit 250 Decision from Western District 220
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` of Michigan, Magna Electronics,
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` Inc., v. TRW Automotive Holdings
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` Corp., 29 Jan 2016
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` * (Exhibits attached to transcript.)
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` P R O C E E D I N G S
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`Whereupon,
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` ROBERT L. STOLL,
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`being first duly sworn or affirmed to testify to
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`the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the 08:13:20
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`truth, was examined and testified as follows:
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` MR. ALMELING: Perhaps we can begin with
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`appearances. This is David Almeling of
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`O'Melveny & Myers representing the defendant.
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` MR. NESE: This is Bryan Nese with Mayer 09:03:43
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`Brown, LLP, representing Maxell Limited and the
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`witness. I'm joined today by my colleague from
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`Mayer Brown, Luiz Miranda.
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` MR. ALMELING: Counsel, there are various
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`agreements the parties have reached before the 09:04:08
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`deposition regarding the conduct of the
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`deposition. I'll discuss those in questioning.
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`But before we begin, is there anything that you
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`would like to put on the record?
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` MR. NESE: Not at this time. 09:04:14
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`to be an expert?
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` A. Field of process before the Patent and
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`Trademark Office, for example, public
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`accessibility and prior art. And that's probably
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`the field that I'm most engaged for. 09:19:10
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` Inequitable conduct issues. Prosecution
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`laches issues.
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` Q. Other than the items that you just
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`mentioned, do you believe that you're an expert in
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`any subject? 09:19:28
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` A. I mean, I have a background, a degree, in
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`chemical engineering, but I would not be able to
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`generally say I'm an expert in every field of
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`chemical engineering.
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` Q. Do you believe you're an expert in any 09:19:45
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`field of chemical engineering?
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` A. Not at this late date.
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` Q. So to be clear, the only fields in which
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`you consider yourself to be an expert are the
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`process before the PTO and the subprocesses to 09:19:59
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`that you answered in response to my previous
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`question; is that correct?
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`given and all of the writings that I've made, and
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`you're going to see that it's very difficult for
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`me to tell you how many companies I have advised.
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`But I have done it -- I do it on a regular basis,
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`and it's different issues, and sometimes they deal 09:42:41
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`with technical issues, including ethics issues
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`and -- it's just -- I can't begin to quantify it.
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` Q. I'm not asking you to quantify it, and I
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`will ask you about your speeches and your articles
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`later. Right now I'm asking for the names of 09:43:00
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`specific clients.
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` Please name at least three clients that
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`you've advised regarding PTO and practice and
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`procedural legal issues.
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` A. I mean, I do a lot of Microsoft work, so 09:43:16
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`let me say I've advised Microsoft. I've done some
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`Johnson & Johnson. And I've done some PayPal.
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` Q. What specific legal advice did you
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`provide to Microsoft regarding PTO practice and
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`procedure? 09:43:53
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` MR. NESE: Objection. That's going to be
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`privileged information, attorney-client
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`privileged. It has nothing to do with this case,
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`so I'm going to instruct the witness not to
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`answer.
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`BY MR. ALMELING:
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` Q. Are you following counsel's instruction? 09:44:04
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` A. Yes.
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` Q. What specific advice did you provide to
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`Johnson & Johnson regarding patent practice and
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`procedure?
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` MR. NESE: Same objection. That's 09:44:17
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`privileged information.
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` Mr. Stoll, I instruct you not to answer.
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`BY MR. ALMELING:
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` Q. Are you following your counsel's
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`instruction? 09:44:23
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` A. Yes.
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` Q. What specific advice did you provide to
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`PayPal regarding patent practice and procedure?
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` MR. NESE: Same objection. Calls for
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`privileged attorney-client communications. I 09:44:38
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`instruct Mr. Stoll not to answer.
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`BY MR. ALMELING:
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` Q. Are you following counsel's instruction?
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` A. Yes.
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` Q. To save us all time, I plan to ask that
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`same question for each of your clients at Faegre 09:44:49
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`to whom you've provided advice regarding PTO
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`practice and procedure.
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` Is your answer to all of those questions
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`regarding all of those clients going to be the
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`same, which is that you refuse to answer on the 09:45:06
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`grounds that it calls for your attorney-client
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`communications with those respective clients?
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` A. On the advice of counsel, I am not
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`answering.
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` MR. ALMELING: And to be clear, Counsel, 09:45:28
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`that would be the instruction that you would
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`provide and, therefore, the instruction that would
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`be followed by Mr. Stoll?
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` MR. NESE: Obviously it would depend on
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`the specific question. But if you're asking what 09:45:37
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`legal advice did you give to various clients, yes,
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`that's attorney-client privileged information, and
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`I would object to that.
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`BY MR. ALMELING:
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` Q. Mr. Stoll, have you ever advised a client
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`at Faegre regarding the basis for the laws and
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`regulations governing the grant of patents? 09:45:55
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` A. I don't understand what you're
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`specifically referring to.
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` Q. You don't understand basis for the laws
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`and regulations governing the grant of patents?
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` A. Well, are you talking about the 09:46:10
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`Constitution? Are you talking about 35 USC? Are
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`you talking about 37 CFR? Are you talking about
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`guidelines in the MPEP? I don't understand what
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`you're talking about.
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` Q. Thank you for the question. I will 09:46:26
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`clarify.
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` By bases for laws and regulations I
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`literally mean all laws and regulations governing
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`the grants of patents.
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` I presume that you advise clients at 09:46:37
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`Faegre regarding the various laws and regulations
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`governing the grant of patents, correct?
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` A. I have.
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` Q. And I would like to ask about what
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`specific advice you've provided to specific
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`clients regarding that. We can go client by
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`client or we can do all the clients generally. 09:46:56
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`But I suspect your counsel will provide the same
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`instruction. So let me see if I can ask a general
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`question, and then your counsel can provide a
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`general instruction.
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` Please provide the -- withdrawn. 09:47:10
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` Please describe the advice that you have
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`given to clients at Faegre regarding the basis for
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`the laws and regulations governing the grant of
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`patents.
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` MR. NESE: So Mr. Stoll, I'll allow some 09:47:28
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`leeway here, because I think I know what Apple's
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`counsel is trying to do. You may discuss
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`generally your experience in advising clients in
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`the areas that Mr. Almeling is questioning you
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`about, but please do not reveal any specific legal 09:47:47
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`advice -- that is, any privileged attorney-client
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`communications or privileged work product -- that
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`you may have experience with in your time in
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`private practice.
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` With that instruction, you can answer.
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`BY MR. ALMELING:
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` Q. Are you following counsel's instruction? 09:48:09
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` A. Yes.
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` I have advised on issues related to
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`35 USC 101, 112, 102, 103, many other sections of
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`35 USC. I have advised on 37 CFR. I have advised
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`on case law. I have advised on guidelines. I 09:48:36
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`have advised on the MPEP.
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` Q. If I ask specific questions about
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`specific advice provided to specific clients about
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`any of those topics, you would refuse to answer on
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`the grounds of the attorney-client privilege; is 09:48:53
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`that correct?
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` A. I assume that my attorney would object
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`and I assume he would instruct me not to answer,
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`and I would follow that instruction.
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` MR. ALMELING: Counsel, is that 09:49:13
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`assumption correct?
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` MR. NESE: Again, it depends on the
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`specific questions. I certainly don't want to
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`stand in your way of questioning the witness about
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`his experience in this area. But if these
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`questions extend to attorney-client communications
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`or other privileged material, that is out of 09:49:27
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`bounds.
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`BY MR. ALMELING:
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` Q. Have you ever advised a client on the
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`date on which a magazine was published?
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` A. I'm sure I have. 09:49:39
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` Q. Please identify at least one of your
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`clients to whom you've provided advice on the date
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`on which a magazine was published.
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` A. I don't remember.
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` Q. So sitting here today, you're not able to 09:49:52
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`identify a single client in [sic] which you have
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`provided advice regarding the date on which a
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`magazine was published, correct?
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` A. I don't remember. I know that I've done
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`that before, but I don't remember to whom or when. 09:50:05
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`As I said, I've been doing this for ten years.
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` Q. Have you ever advised a client on whether
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` Do you see that?
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` A. Yes.
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` Q. That accurately summarizes the scope of
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`your opinions in this case, correct?
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` A. Well, it also says that, for technical 10:12:57
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`matters in support of my opinions in this report,
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`I am relying on analysis and opinions of
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`plaintiff's technical experts.
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` Q. But to be clear, you're opining in this
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`case on only matters that are related to USPTO 10:13:11
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`patent practice and procedure and their
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`application to the patents-in-suit, as opposed to
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`other topics. Is that accurate?
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` A. I think we already discussed some of the
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`things that I was opining on, and it dealt with 10:13:26
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`those issues and the public acceptability and
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`prior art. And I think I answered your questions
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`related to that before.
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` Q. Are you testifying -- withdrawn.
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` Did you provide an opinion about any 10:13:42
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`topic that doesn't fall in the category of U.S.
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`patent practice and procedure and their
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`application to the patents-in-suit?
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` A. Not that I'm aware of.
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` Q. You do not provide any opinion in this
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`case about whether any of the asserted patents are
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`infringed, correct? 10:14:02
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` A. That is correct. I did not do an
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`infringement analysis.
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` Q. Nor have you done any patent analysis,
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`correct?
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` A. What do you mean patent analysis? 10:14:09
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` Q. Sorry, withdrawn.
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` You haven't done any damages analysis,
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`correct?
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` A. I have not done any damages analysis.
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`That is correct. 10:14:19
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` Q. While you opine on aspects of invalidity,
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`you have not reached a conclusion on whether any
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`of the asserted patents are valid or invalid,
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`correct?
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` A. I have determined that the submitted 10:14:33
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`prior art was not clear and convincing to overturn
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`the patents. So to that extent -- that was part
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`of it. I'm making that analysis.
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` Beyond -- I don't know what you're
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`talking about. I did not do a separate analysis,
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`if that's what you're asking.
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` Q. You understand that the court has issued 10:15:02
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`a claim construction in this case, correct?
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` A. I -- I know that they will if they
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`hadn't, but I was not aware of a particular claim
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`construction.
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` Q. You do not provide any opinion in your 10:15:13
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`report about any claim construction or propriety
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`of any claim construction, correct?
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` A. I don't see why that would be necessary
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`if the court has already made a claim
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`construction, which you seem to indicate they 10:15:32
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`have.
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` Q. You do not provide in your report any
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`opinion on the proper meaning of any claim in the
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`asserted patents, correct?
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` A. I do not talk about the meaning of a 10:15:43
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`claim. Correct.
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` Q. You do not provide any opinion in this
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`regulations governing the grant of patents."
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` Do you see that?
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` A. I do.
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` Q. What do you mean by basis for the laws
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`and regulations? 10:22:10
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` A. Well, the next sentence says, "The United
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`States Constitution" -- that's the basis. And
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`then I mentioned to you earlier the other sections
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`that I talk about later in my report dealing with
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`the 35 USC, 37 CFR, MPEP, and some case law. 10:22:27
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` Q. Do you intend to testify about the legal
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`standards for patentability in this case?
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` A. If the judge asks me. But --
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` Q. Did you --
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` A. -- if the -- 10:22:47
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` Q. Did you provide any opinions --
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`withdrawn.
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` Did you provide any opinions in your
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`report on the legal standards for patentability?
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` A. I provided a background of -- of some of 10:22:59
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`the information there, but the focus of my
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`testimony is on public accessibility in prior art.
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` Q. So I understand that you intend to
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`testify about how you apply the law regarding
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`public use and accessibility in the context of
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`Cyberguide, NavTalk, Sony MVC-FD83 and MVC-FD88
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`prior art. 10:23:32
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` But do you also intend to testify about
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`the applicable legal standards for public use and
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`accessibility?
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` A. You're going to have to give me an
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`example. I'm actually a little confused about 10:23:43
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`what you're asking. What do you mean about
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`legal --
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` Q. Sure.
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` It is the difference between applying the
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`law and describing what the law is. I understand 10:23:52
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`that your report purports to apply the law on
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`public use and accessibility in the context of
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`certain prior art.
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` My question is, do you also intend to
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`provide an opinion or a description of the legal 10:24:04
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`standards for public accessibility and public use?
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` A. I -- I mean, I -- if asked about it, I
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`guess I would. But my intent is to apply it to
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`the situation here, to actually talk about the
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`facts.
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` Q. Please turn to paragraph 87.
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` A. Which one? 10:24:28
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` Q. 87.
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` A. It's still downloading, it's taking a
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`while.
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` I'm there.
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` Q. Paragraph 87 contains a chart from the 10:25:19
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`MPEP titled, "How to determine the meaning of a
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`claim term that does not invoke 35 USC 112(f)."
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` Do you see that?
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` A. I do.
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` Q. Do you intend to present this chart to a 10:25:35
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`jury?
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` A. I wasn't planning on it.
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` Q. Please turn to paragraph 94 in your
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`report, the first sentence of which reads, "Some
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`of the concerns regarding the existing 10:26:03
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`reexamination proceedings were discussed by
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`Senator Kyl upon the introduction of a predecessor
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`to answer.
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` If it's possible to answer the question
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`in general terms without revealing privileged
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`attorney-client communications or attorney work
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`product, please do so. 10:36:57
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`BY MR. ALMELING:
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` Q. Are you following your counsel's
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`instruction?
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` A. I am.
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` Q. And to save us time, if you identified 10:37:03
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`any additional clients to whom you provided advice
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`regarding IPRs and I asked for you to disclose in
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`this deposition what advice you provided, would
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`you follow your counsel's instruction not to
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`answer that question? 10:37:21
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` A. Yes.
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` MR. ALMELING: And Counsel, would you
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`provide that instruction -- if I asked for each
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`client that he identified by name what specific
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`legal advice he gave to that client, would you 10:37:36
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`instruct him not to answer on the basis of the
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`attorney-client privilege?
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` MR. NESE: If the question calls for
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`privileged communications, then I would object on
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`the basis of privilege, yes.
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`BY MR. ALMELING:
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` Q. Mr. Stoll, I want to switch gears a 10:37:50
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`little bit and talk about some of the applicable
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`law regarding various aspects of patents
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`generally, as well as patent office practice and
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`patent litigation. So I'm going to give a series
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`of statement and ask whether or not they're 10:38:10
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`correct statements of applicable law.
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` So with that background, the following is
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`a correct statement of applicable law; is that
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`correct, sir? Where a patent repeatedly and
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`consistently characterizes a claim term in a 10:38:23
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`particular way, it is proper to construe that term
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`in accordance within that characterization.
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` A. You're asking a very complex question,
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`and let me give you a complex answer.
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` So it is true that the applicant is its 10:38:43
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`own lexicographer and can define terms as they
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`wish to be known.
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`asserted patents the Abowd reference is alleged
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`prior art for, correct?
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` A. Well, I kind of thought it was the -- the
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`'498 and the '999 and the '317.
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` Q. The last sentence in paragraph 121 reads, 11:30:57
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`"On the other hand, the exhibit indicates that at
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`least the electronic version of the journal was
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`available to only Pitt-affiliated users."
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` Do you see that?
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` A. I do. 11:31:12
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` Q. Do you know how many Pitt-affiliated
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`users exist now?
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` A. I don't know how many Pitt-affiliated
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`users exist now, but that wouldn't be the test.
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`It would be how many Pitt-affiliated users in the 11:31:27
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`time frame necessary.
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` Q. And you don't know how many
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`Pitt-affiliated users were within the time frame
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`necessary, correct?
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` A. I do not know how many Pitt -- I don't 11:31:41
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`know if any Pitt-affiliated users were available
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`back in the 1999 area.
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` Q. You do not know how many Pitt-affiliated
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`users existed in 1999, correct?
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` A. I do not know how many Pitt-affiliated
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`users there were in 1999.
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` Q. Do you know if you were a Pitt-affiliated 11:32:05
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`user in 1999?
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` A. I know I was not a Pitt-affiliated user
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`in 1999.
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` Q. Please provide your understanding of the
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`complete list -- the category of people that 11:32:21
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`constituted Pitt-affiliated users in 1999.
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` A. I would assume they would have to have
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`some affiliation with Pitt.
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` Q. Do you know what constituted a
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`Pitt-affiliated user in 1999? 11:32:36
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` A. I do not know what constituted a
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`Pitt-affiliated user in 1999. But the word says
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`Pitt-affiliated, so it had to have some
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`affiliation with Pitt.
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` Q. But you don't know as a matter of fact 11:32:56
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`whether or not it did have any affiliation with
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`Pitt because you do not know what qualified as a
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`Pitt-affiliated user in 1999, correct?
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` A. I'm going to say that that's correct. I
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`do not know what specific qualifications were to
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`be a Pitt-affiliated user, and I do not know what
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`the -- what it means. But I also know that, in 11:33:15
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`fact, Mr. Munford nor Mr. Paradiso informed me of
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`what that was. And in order to make the
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`determination by clear and convincing evidence, I
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`would have to know that, in fact, it was available
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`to the people who were interested, to the POSITAs 11:33:37
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`who were interested, in this particular subject
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`matter, and they did not tell me that there
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`were -- that it was available to the people who
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`were POSITAs because they did not tell me anything
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`about the Pitt-affiliated users or that it was 11:33:53
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`available to the public.
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` Q. And you did not do an independent
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`investigation regarding what qualified as a
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`Pitt-affiliated user as part of your work on this
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`case, correct? 11:34:06
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` A. It was not my job to do that. It was
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`Apple's job to show by clear and convincing
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`evidence that these were references applicable
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`against the claims of these patents. And they did
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`not do that.
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` Q. Notwithstanding what Apple did or did not
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`do, I'm asking about what you did or did not do. 11:34:22
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` You did not conduct an independent
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`investigation as part of your work on this case
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`about what constituted a Pitt-affiliated user in
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`1999, correct?
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` A. That was not my responsibility. That was 11:34:34
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`Apple's responsibility to tell me that it was a
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`Pitt -- that Pitt-affiliated users was a broad
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`term or broadly provided accessibility to the
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`document, and they did not.
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` Q. Apologize for continuing to ask the 11:34:52
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`question, but you still haven't answered it. You
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`answered about what was or was not your
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`responsibility. I'd like to ask whether or not
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`you, in fact, did or did not do something.
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` As part of your work on this case, you 11:35:00
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`did not conduct an independent investigation to
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`determine what constituted a Pitt-affiliated user
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`positioning capability in that prototype?
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` A. I see the word "positioning prototype" in
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`figure 3. And "positioning beacons." I see those
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`words.
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` Q. I understand those words are -- I'm 11:38:56
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`referencing the picture as opposed to any textual
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`description in the picture.
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` In the picture --
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` A. I --
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` Q. -- of figure 3, paragraph 148 of your 11:39:01
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`report, can you point to anything in the picture
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`that shows any positioning capability?
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` A. I don't know that I would know it if I
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`saw it.
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` Q. Can you describe how positioning 11:39:14
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`capability encourages or does not encourage user
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`mobility?
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` A. I -- I have not analyzed that.
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` Q. That would be a technical question on
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`which you did not opine, correct? 11:39:32
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` A. I think that's correct.
`
` Q. Please go to paragraph 152 in your
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` A. I'm there.
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` Q. The first two sentences of paragraph 152
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`of your report read, "Other outdoor prototypes
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`were also developed, such as limited functionality 11:40:01
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`PC versions of Cyberguide. These limited
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`functionality prototypes do not appear to have had
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`any orientation support, as evidenced by the
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`smiley face on figure 5 below."
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` Do you see that? 11:40:16
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` A. Yes.
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` Q. On what basis do you believe the presence
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`of the smiley face in figure 5 evidences that the
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`prototype shown in that figure does not appear to
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`have orientation support? 11:40:30
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` A. I'm just saying it appears that way
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`because it's a smiley face.
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` Q. And why does the presence of a smiley
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`face make it appear that way to you?
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` A. I don't know what other reason there 11:40:46
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`would be to put a smiley face in the picture.
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` Q. What do you believe the smiley face in
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