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`EXHIBIT 3
`EXHIBIT 3
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`

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`Case 2:23-cv-00083-RWS-RSP Document 76-4 Filed 07/12/24 Page 2 of 4 PageID #: 857
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`Chambers
`Dictionary of
`Science and Technology
`
`General Editor
`John Lackie
`
`Chainbers
`
`

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`
`CHAMBERS
`An imprint of Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd
`7 Hopetoun Crescent
`Edinburgh
`EH7 4AY
`
`This edition first published by Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd 2007
`
`© Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd 2007
`
`Previous edition published in 1999. Previously published in 1995 as Larousse
`Dictionary of Science and Technology. First published as Chambers's Technical
`Dictionary in 1940 by W&R Chambers Ltd (revised 1958, 1971, 1974 and 1984).
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
`retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying
`or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`ISBN-13: 978 0550 100719
`
`Text design by Ken Wilson
`1ypeset by Macmillan India Ltd
`Printed in Italy by LegoPrint S.p.A
`
`

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`Case 2:23-cv-00083-RWS-RSP Document 76-4 Filed 07/12/24 Page 4 of 4 PageID #: 859
`gear train
`Gaussian curvature
`516
`
`Gaussian curvature (Matl,Sci) See CURVATURE (3).
`Gaussian distribution (Mat/1Sci) See NORMAL DISTRIBU(cid:173)
`TION.
`Gaussian noise (Aco1,s) Any noise whose frequency shows a
`Gaussian distribution.
`Gaussian noise (JCT) An unwanted, randomly fluctuating
`electrical signal, due for example to thermal motion of
`electrons in a resistor, whose probability density function is
`given by the Gaussian or normal distribution. For a
`stationary system in which the average noise voltage is zero,
`the average noise power is proportional to the VARIANCE
`of the signal.
`Gaussian optics (Phys) Simple optical theory which does
`not consider the aberration of lenses. Practically, it applies
`only to paraxial rays.
`Gaussian points (Phys) See PRINCIPAL POINTS OF A LENS.
`Gaussian response (Phys) The response, eg of an amplifier,
`for a transient impulse, which, when differentiated,
`matches the Gaussian distribution curve.
`Gaussian units (Phys) Formerly widely used system of
`electric units where quantities associated with electric field
`are measured in ELECTROSTATIC UNITS and those asso(cid:173)
`ciated with magnetic field in ELECTROMAGNETIC UNITS.
`This involves introducing a constant c (the free space
`velocity of electromagnetic waves) into MAXWELL'S EQUA(cid:173)
`TIONS.
`Gaussian well (Phys) A particular form of POTENTIAL WELL
`used to describe the distribution of potential energy of a
`nuclear particle in the field of the nucleus or other nuclear
`particle.
`gaussmeter (ElecEng) An instrument measuring magnetic
`flux density. This term is most widely used in the USA.
`Gauss's convergence test (MathSd) The theorem that if,
`for a series of positive terms I::an
`
`n(On~I - 1) =CT+(~~), b > 0
`
`then I:an is convergent if <J > 1 and divergent if CT~ 1. This
`test is an extension of Raabe's test.
`Gauss's differential equation (MathSd) The equation
`
`d 2y
`dy
`x(l - x) dx 2 + (c - (a+ b + 1 )x) dx - aby = 0
`
`It is satisfied by the hypergeometric function F(a;b;c;x).
`Also hypergeometric equation.
`Gauss's laws (ElecEng) Laws concerning electrostatics
`and magnetostatics. The surface integral of the normal
`component of electric displacement (or magnetic flux)
`over any closed surface in a dielectric is equal to the total
`electric charge enclosed ( or to zero in the magnetic
`case). Differential forms of these laws constitute two of
`MAXWELL'S FIELD EQUATIONS. See POISSON'S EQUATION.
`Gauss's theorem (MatliSd)
`
`t: dS = L ,J2cpdV
`
`1
`
`the boundary of the volume V and 11
`where the surface S is
`is the normal direction to s. Cf GREEN'S THEOREM.
`gauze (Textiles) A lightweight woven fabric of open texture.
`gavage (Agri) Forced feeding of birds being fattened for
`meat production.
`gavel (Build) A mallet used for setting stones.
`gavelock (Build) An iron crowbar. Also gablock.
`Gay-Lussac's'law (Chem) (1) Of volumes: when gases react,
`they do• so in volumes whicli bear a simple ratio to one
`another and to the volumes of the resulting substances in
`the gaseous state, all volumes being measured at the same
`temperature a'nd pressure. (2) See CHARLES'S LAW.
`gay-lussite (Min) A rare grey hydrated carbonate of sodium
`and calcium, occurring in lacustrine deposits.
`gazebo (Arclt) A summerhouse resembling a temple in form
`and commanding a wide view.
`
`Gb ucn Abbrev for GIGABYTE.
`G-bandlng (BioSci) See BANDING TECHNIQUES and panel
`on CHROMOSOME.
`GBL (Chem) Abbrev for gamma-butyrolactone, a colourless
`liquid used as a solvent and sometimes as a recreational
`drug.
`GCA
`(Aero, Radar) Abbrev for GROUND-CONTROLLED
`APPROACH.
`(Aero, Radar) Abbrev for GROUND-CONTROLLED
`GCI
`INTERCEPTION.
`G cramp (Build) One in the shape of a G, with a screw
`passing through one end. The shoe is sometimes swivelled
`to enable the cramp to be used on tapered surfaces. Also
`G clamp.
`Gd (Chem) Symbol for GADOLINIUM.
`G-dlsplay (Radar) Similar to F·DISPLAY but indicating
`increasing or diminishing range of target by increasing or
`diminishing lateral extension of the spot.
`Ge (Chem) Symbol for GERMANIUM.
`geantlcllne (Geol) A regional upwarping of the crust of
`the Earth. Cf GEOSYNCLINE.
`gear (Eng) (I) Any system of moving parts transmitting
`motion, eg levers, gear wheels, etc. (2) A set of tools for
`performing some particular work. (3) A mechanism built
`to perform some special purpose, eg steering gear, valve
`gear. (4) The position of the links of a steam-engine valve
`motion, as astern gear, mid-gear, etc. (5) The actual gear
`ratio in use, or the gear wheels involved in transmitting
`that ratio, in an automobile gearbox, as 'first gear', 'third
`gear', etc.
`gearbox (Eng) Casing containing a GEAR TRAIN. The term
`commonly stands also for the casing including its gear
`train, particularly when applied to gearboxes used with
`engines or with machine tools.
`gear cluster (Eng) A set of gear wheels integral with, or
`permanently attached to, a shaft, as on the lay shaft of an
`automobile gearbox.
`gear cutters (Eng) Milling cutters, h"obs, etc, having the
`requisite tooth form for cutting teeth on gear wheels.
`geared lathe (Eng) A lathe provided with a BACK GEAR or a
`multi-speed gearbox between the driving motor and the
`head.
`geared turbogenerator (ElecEng) An electric generator
`driven through a reduction gear from a steam turbine, the
`object being to enable both machines to operate at their
`most economical speeds.
`gearing (Eng) Any set of gear wheels transmitting motion.
`See GEAR.
`•
`gearing-down (Eng) A reduction in speed between a
`driving and a driven wheel or unit, eg between the engine
`of• an automobile and the road wheels.
`gearing-up (Eng) Raising the speed of a driven unit above
`that of its driver by the use of gears.
`gearless motor (ElecE11g) A traction motor mounted
`directly on the driving axle of an electric locomotive.
`gear lever (E11g) A lever used to move gear wheels relative
`to each other to change gear. In a motor car, this lever
`acts on the gear wheels indirectly through SELECTOR
`FORKS.
`gear marks (Pri11t) Slurred streaks or bands across the
`printed sheet or web caused by uneven rotation of cylinder.
`gear pump (E11g) A small pump consisting of a pair of
`gear wheels in mesh, enclosed in a casing, the fluid being
`carried round from the suction to the delivery side in the
`tooth spaces; used for lubrication systems etc.
`gear-tooth forming
`(E11g) A family of engineering
`processes, including casting, plastic moulding, stamping
`from sheet metal for watch and clock gears, form cutting,
`gear shaping, hobbing and other methods of gear-tooth
`generating.
`gear train (Eng) Two or more GEAR WHEELS, transmitting
`motion from one shaft to another. With external spur or
`bevel gears, the velocity ratio is inversely proportional to
`the number of gear teeth.
`
`