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`
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
`MARSHALL DIVISION
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`
`JAWBONE INNOVATIONS, LLC,
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`
`
`
`Plaintiff,
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`v.
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`NO. 2:21-CV-0186-JRG-RSP
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`SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD., ET AL.
`
`
`
`Defendants.
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`
`
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`SAMSUNG DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO EXCLUDE
`THE OPINIONS OF MR. JIM W. BERGMAN
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 2 of 21 PageID #: 14052
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`I.
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`II.
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`INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1
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`BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................ 3
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`A.
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`B.
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`The Accused Products............................................................................................. 3
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`Mr. Bergman’s September 19, 2022 and November 18, 2022 Expert
`Reports Regarding Damages ................................................................................... 3
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`1.
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`2.
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`3.
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`Mr. Bergman’s Income Approach Analysis With Respect to the
`DOMA Patents ............................................................................................ 3
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`Mr. Bergman’s Income Approach Analysis With Respect to the
`VAD Patents ............................................................................................... 6
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`Mr. Bergman’s Conclusions Regarding Damages ...................................... 8
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`III.
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`LEGAL STANDARD ......................................................................................................... 8
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`IV. MR. BERGMAN’S DAMAGES OPINIONS SHOULD BE EXCLUDED ...................... 9
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`A.
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`B.
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`C.
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`D.
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`E.
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`Mr. Bergman’s Damages Opinions Should Be Excluded Because Mr.
`Bergman Unreliably Assumed That Jawbone Would Receive
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` ........................ 9
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`Mr. Bergman’s Damages Opinions With Respect to the DOMA Patents
`Should Be Excluded Because Mr. Bergman Failed to Apportion
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` ................................................................ 11
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`Mr. Bergman’s Damages Opinions Regarding Smartphones Should Be
`Excluded Because Mr. Bergman Unreliably Based His Opinions on
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` ................................................................................ 12
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`Mr. Bergman’s Damages Opinions Should Be Excluded Because Mr.
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`Bergman Unreliably Calculated Incremental Profits Based on
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`Mr. Bergman’s Damages Opinions Should Be Excluded Because Mr.
`Bergman Unreliably Calculated Incremental Profits Based on
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` ........................................ 15
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`CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 15
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`V.
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`i
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 3 of 21 PageID #: 14053
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`
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`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
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`Page(s)
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`Cases
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`Baxter Int’l, Inc. v. CareFusion Corp.,
`No. 15-C-9986, 2022 WL 952276 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 30, 2022) ..................................................12
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`Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
`509 U.S. 579 (1993) ...............................................................................................................1, 8
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`IP Innovation, LLC v. Red Hat, Inc.,
`705 F. Supp. 2d 687 (E.D. Tex. 2010) .....................................................................................14
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`Johnson v. Arkema, Inc.,
`685 F.3d 452 (5th Cir. 2012) .................................................................................................8, 9
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`Knight v. Kirby Inland Marine Inc.,
`482 F.3d 347 (5th Cir. 2007) .....................................................................................................9
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`Looksmart Grp., Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.,
`No. 17-cv-04709-JST, 2019 WL 4009263 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 5, 2019)......................................11
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`MLC Intellectual Prop., LLC v. Micron Tech., Inc.,
`10 F.4th 1358 (Fed. Cir. 2021) ................................................................................................12
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`Power Integrations, Inc. v. Fairchild Semiconductor Int’l, Inc.,
`711 F.3d 1348 (Fed. Cir. 2013)..................................................................................................9
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`Salazar v. HTC Corp.,
`No. 2:16-CV-01096-JRG-RSP, 2018 WL 1783157 (E.D. Tex. Apr. 13, 2018) ......................10
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`SimpleAir, Inc. v. Google Inc.,
`No. 2:14-CV-11-JRG, 2015 WL 5895401 (E.D. Tex. Oct. 6, 2015) .......................................10
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`Sound View Innovations, LLC v. Hulu, LLC,
`33 F.4th 1326 (Fed. Cir. 2022) ................................................................................................14
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`Uniloc USA, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.,
`632 F.3d 1292 (Fed. Cir. 2011)..................................................................................................9
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`Vaporstream, Inc. v. Snap Inc.,
`No. 17-CV-00220-MLH-KSX, 2020 WL 2543814 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 10, 2020)........................10
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`Versata Software Inc. v. SAP Am., Inc.,
`No. 2:07-cv-153 CE, 2011 WL 4017939 (E.D. Tex. Sept. 9, 2011) .......................................14
`
`ii
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 4 of 21 PageID #: 14054
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`Virnetx, Inc. v. Cisco Sys., Inc.,
`767 F.3d 1308 (Fed. Cir. 2014)............................................................................................9, 11
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`Other Authorities
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`Federal Rule of Evidence 702 ......................................................................................................1, 8
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`iii
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 5 of 21 PageID #: 14055
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`I.
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`INTRODUCTION
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`Defendants Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and Samsung Electronics America, Inc.
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`(collectively, “Samsung”) move to exclude the opinions of Jawbone Innovation, LLC’s
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`(“Jawbone”) damages expert Mr. Jim W. Bergman. Ex. 1 (Mr. Bergman’s September 19, 2022
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`report); Ex. 2 (Mr. Bergman’s November 18, 2022 corrected report).1
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`Jawbone accuses certain Samsung smartphones and/or earbuds of infringing two
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`categories of patents: (1) the DOMA patents2 (smartphones and earbuds); and (2) the VAD
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`patents3 (earbuds) (collectively, the “Patents-in-Suit”). Based on the income approach, the
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`market approach, and the Georgia-Pacific factors, Mr. Bergman concludes that the parties to the
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`hypothetical negotiation
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`. In reaching this conclusion, however, Mr. Bergman’s report is replete with
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`methodological flaws that render his damages opinions unreliable. The Court should exclude Mr.
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`Bergman’s opinions because they do not satisfy the reliability requirements of Federal Rule of
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`Evidence 702 or Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993).
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`First, Mr. Bergman’s income approach analysis concludes that the incremental profit
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`allocable to the DOMA and VAD patents
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` Yet, following a Georgia-Pacific analysis, Mr. Bergman ultimately concludes that
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`1 The changes to Mr. Bergman’s corrected report do not affect the bases for exclusion discussed
`in this motion. Instead, the changes to the corrected report relate to amending the alleged
`damages period for the DOMA patents to begin on October 26, 2015, which is six years before
`Jawbone first asserted the DOMA patents in an amended complaint filed October 26, 2021. See
`Ex. 2, ¶¶ 13, 39, 39 n.31–32, 41, 372, 394, 404, 405. Citations in this motion are to Mr.
`Bergman’s November 18, 2022 corrected report, but they apply equally to Mr. Bergman’s
`September 19, 2022 report.
`2 U.S. Patent Nos. 8,503,691, 10,779,080, and 11,122,357.
`3 U.S. Patent Nos. 8,019,091 and 8,467,543.
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`1
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 6 of 21 PageID #: 14056
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`Second, Mr. Bergman’s damages opinions regarding the DOMA patents should be
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`excluded because, as explained in more detail below, Mr. Bergman’s income approach
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`analysis—which is a fundamental input to his ultimate damages opinion—failed to apportion the
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`incremental profit
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`Third, Mr. Bergman’s damages opinions regarding smartphones (which are only accused
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`of infringing the DOMA patents) should be excluded because Mr. Bergman’s income approach
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`analysis is unreliably based on
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`Fourth, Mr. Bergman’s damages opinions should be excluded because, in performing his
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`income approach analysis, Mr. Bergman unreliably calculated incremental profits based on
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`. As a result, the alleged
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`incremental profits that Mr. Bergman calculates are
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` unreliable.
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`Fifth, Mr. Bergman’s damages opinions should be excluded because, in performing his
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`income approach analysis, Mr. Bergman unreliably calculated incremental profits based on
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`2
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 7 of 21 PageID #: 14057
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` Mr. Bergman’s failure to account for this fact renders the
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`alleged incremental profits he calculates
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` unreliable.
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`II.
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`BACKGROUND
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`A.
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`The Accused Products
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`Jawbone accuses certain Samsung earbuds (i.e., the Galaxy Buds+, Buds Live, Buds Pro,
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`and Buds 2) and smartphones of infringing the DOMA patents and certain Samsung earbuds
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`(i.e., the Galaxy Buds Live, Buds Pro, and Buds 2) of infringing the VAD patents.
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`B. Mr. Bergman’s September 19, 2022 and November 18, 2022 Expert Reports
`Regarding Damages
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`Mr. Bergman served his expert report regarding damages on September 19, 2022. Ex. 1.
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`Mr. Bergman subsequently served a corrected report on November 18, 2022. Ex. 2. In a section
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`titled “Incremental Profit Associated with the Patents-in-Suit” (Ex. 2, § XIV.B.ii), Mr. Bergman
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`stated that “[i]n order to capture the incremental profit associated with the patents-in-suit,” he
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`“performed an economic analysis
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`” Ex. 2, ¶ 200. Mr. Bergman’s analysis with respect to the DOMA patents and
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`VAD patents is summarized below.
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`1.
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`Mr. Bergman’s Income Approach Analysis With Respect to the
`DOMA Patents
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`a.
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`Earbuds
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`Mr. Bergman
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`. Mr. Bergman’s income
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`approach with respect to earbuds accused of infringing the DOMA patents is summarized below:
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 9 of 21 PageID #: 14059
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`b.
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`Smartphones
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`Turning to the smartphones accused of infringing the DOMA patents, Mr. Bergman
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 10 of 21 PageID #:
`14060
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`2.
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`Mr. Bergman’s Income Approach Analysis With Respect to the VAD
`Patents
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`Mr. Bergman performed a similar analysis for the VAD patents as described above—
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`except Mr. Bergman instead
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`. Mr. Bergman’s approach
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`is summarized below:
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 11 of 21 PageID #:
`14061
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 12 of 21 PageID #:
`14062
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`3.
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`Mr. Bergman’s Conclusions Regarding Damages
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`As noted above, Mr. Bergman concluded that his income approach indicated that the
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`parties to the hypothetical negotiation
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`Mr. Bergman stated that the “final determination of a royalty rate takes into account both
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`the income approach and the market approach, as well as the impact of those Georgia-Pacific
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`factors not considered in either the income approach or the market approach.” Id., ¶ 396. Mr.
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`Bergman purported to perform a Georgia-Pacific analysis, arguing that
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`III. LEGAL STANDARD
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`Rule 702 requires the trial judge to “ensure that any and all scientific testimony or
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`evidence admitted is not only relevant, but reliable.” Daubert, 509 U.S. at 589. “The reliability
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`prong mandates that expert opinion ‘be grounded in the methods and procedures of science and
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`be more than unsupported speculation or subjective belief.’” Johnson v. Arkema, Inc., 685 F.3d
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`452, 459 (5th Cir. 2012) (alteration omitted); see Fed. R. Evid. 702. Expert testimony “built on
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 13 of 21 PageID #:
`14063
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`speculation” and assumptions unsupported by any facts or data is unreliable and inadmissible.
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`Power Integrations, Inc. v. Fairchild Semiconductor Int’l, Inc., 711 F.3d 1348, 1374 (Fed. Cir.
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`2013). To be admissible, an expert’s methodology “must be reliable at each and every step.”
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`Knight v. Kirby Inland Marine Inc., 482 F.3d 347, 355 (5th Cir. 2007). As to the relevance
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`prong, the proponent of an expert’s opinion must “demonstrate that the expert’s ‘reasoning or
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`methodology can be properly applied to the facts in issue.’” Johnson, 685 F.3d at 459.
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`IV. MR. BERGMAN’S DAMAGES OPINIONS SHOULD BE EXCLUDED
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`As discussed below, Mr. Bergman’s analysis suffers from methodological flaws. As such,
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`Mr. Bergman’s resulting damages opinions are based on “fundamentally flawed” premises and
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`should be excluded. See, e.g., Virnetx, Inc. v. Cisco Sys., Inc., 767 F.3d 1308, 1333 (Fed. Cir.
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`2014) (“‘Beginning from a fundamentally flawed premise and adjusting it based on legitimate
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`considerations specific to the facts of the case nevertheless results in a fundamentally flawed
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`conclusion.’”) (quoting Uniloc USA, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp., 632 F.3d 1292, 1317 (Fed. Cir.
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`2011)).
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`A. Mr. Bergman’s Damages Opinions Should Be Excluded Because Mr.
`Bergman Unreliably Assumed That Jawbone Would Receive
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`Mr. Bergman concluded that the incremental profit associated with the DOMA patents is
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` and the incremental profit associated with the VAD patents is
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`. See
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`also Ex. 2, ¶ 394. This results in a combined alleged incremental profit allocable to the DOMA
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`and VAD patents of
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` Mr. Bergman then purported to perform a Georgia-Pacific analysis, arguing that
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 14 of 21 PageID #:
`14064
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`. Thus, for the DOMA patents, Mr. Bergman opines that at the hypothetical
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`negotiation, the parties would know that the profit allocable to the DOMA patents is
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`combination of the DOMA and VAD patents, Mr. Bergman opines that the parties would know
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`that the allocable profit is
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` Further, for the
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` As such, Mr. Bergman’s opined royalty rates award Jawbone
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` Thus, Mr.
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`Bergman’s damages opinions should be excluded because Mr. Bergman failed to account for the
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`fact that, to the extent claimed profits attributable to the Patents-in-Suit are identified, such
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`profits generally are shared between the parties at the hypothetical negotiation (through the
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`negotiation dynamics, and reflecting their relative bargaining positions). This principle is well-
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`established, and the analysis typically turns on how to divide the incremental profits between the
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`parties. See, e.g., SimpleAir, Inc. v. Google Inc., No. 2:14-CV-11-JRG, 2015 WL 5895401, at *3
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`(E.D. Tex. Oct. 6, 2015) (declining to exclude expert opinion that “isolate[d] the value of
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`patented feature, separate[d] it from the value of the unpatented features, subtract[ed] any costs
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`attributable to [Defendant], and then use[d] the Georgia–Pacific factors to estimate how the
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`Plaintiff and Defendants would split any such incremental profit at the hypothetical
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`negotiation table”) (emphasis added); Salazar v. HTC Corp., No. 2:16-CV-01096-JRG-RSP,
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`2018 WL 1783157, at *2 (E.D. Tex. Apr. 13, 2018) (declining to exclude expert opinion because
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`the expert “did not start with an arbitrary [incremental profit] split and then adjust (or not
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`adjust) that split based on his analysis”) (bold added; italics in original); Vaporstream, Inc. v.
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 15 of 21 PageID #:
`14065
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`Snap Inc., No. 17-CV-00220-MLH-KSX, 2020 WL 2543814, at *5 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 10, 2020)
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`(excluding expert’s opinion that incremental profits would be split 50/50 between the parties
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`because expert failed to explain “why a 40/60, 30/70, 20/80 or any other split would not have
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`been appropriate”); Looksmart Grp., Inc. v. Microsoft Corp., No. 17-cv-04709-JST, 2019 WL
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`4009263, at *4 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 5, 2019) (criticizing Plaintiff’s “assumption that the negotiation
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`would start with all of the avoided costs going to [Plaintiff]” and noting that, if that approach
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`were applied “to incremental profits, it would flunk the Virnetx test”); Virnetx, 767 F.3d at 1331
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`(rejecting the invocation of a 50/50 profit split as a starting point based on the Nash Bargaining
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`Solution because it was insufficiently grounded in the specific facts of the case).
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`Indeed, Mr. Bergman’s opinion that the parties would agree to
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`opinion that Jawbone would only retain
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` contradicts his own
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`B. Mr. Bergman’s Damages Opinions With Respect to the DOMA Patents
`Should Be Excluded Because Mr. Bergman Failed to Apportion
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`With respect to Mr. Bergman’s income approach analysis for the DOMA patents, Mr.
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`Bergman assumed that
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 16 of 21 PageID #:
`14066
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` Thus, Mr. Bergman’s failure to apportion
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` renders his opinions unreliable. Baxter Int’l, Inc. v. CareFusion Corp., No.
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`15-C-9986, 2022 WL 952276, at *3 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 30, 2022) (“[F]ailure to properly apportion is
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`a consideration for whether the expert’s opinion is sufficiently reliable.”) (citing MLC
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`Intellectual Prop., LLC v. Micron Tech., Inc., 10 F.4th 1358 (Fed. Cir. 2021)).
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`C. Mr. Bergman’s Damages Opinions Regarding Smartphones Should Be
`Excluded Because Mr. Bergman Unreliably Based His Opinions on
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`. With respect to earbuds, Mr. Bergman concluded that incremental profit
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`associated with the DOMA patents is
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 17 of 21 PageID #:
`14067
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`Because Mr. Bergman’s DOMA patent royalty analysis with respect to smartphones is
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 18 of 21 PageID #:
`14068
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 19 of 21 PageID #:
`14069
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`reasonable royalty damages, in part because the expert made the “blatant oversight” of failing to
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`factor out of his proffered royalty base products that did not feature the claimed invention).
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`E. Mr. Bergman’s Damages Opinions Should Be Excluded Because Mr.
`Bergman Unreliably Calculated Incremental Profits Based on
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`Mr. Bergman’s incremental profit analysis relating to the
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`a principled reason for his decision
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` During his deposition, Mr. Bergman could not provide
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`resulting calculation of incremental profits is thus
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` unreliable, and should be
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`excluded.
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`V.
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`CONCLUSION
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`For the foregoing reasons, Samsung respectfully requests that the Court exclude Mr.
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`Bergman’s damages opinions.
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 20 of 21 PageID #:
`14070
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`Dated: November 23, 2022
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`Respectfully Submitted,
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`/s/ Jin-Suk Park
`Jin-Suk Park
`jin.park@arnoldporter.com
`Paul Margulies
`paul.margulies@arnoldporter.com
`ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SCHOLER LLP
`601 Massachusetts Ave., NW
`Washington, DC 20001-3743
`Telephone: (202) 942-5000
`Facsimile: (202) 942-5555
`
`Patrick C. Reidy
`patrick.reidy@arnoldporter.com
`ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SCHOLER LLP
`70 West Madison Street, Suite 4200
`Chicago, IL 60602
`Telephone: (312) 583-2424
`Facsimile: (312) 583-2360
`
`Ryan M. Nishimoto
`ryan.nishimoto@arnoldporter.com
`Daniel S. Shimell
`daniel.shimell@arnoldporter.com
`ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SCHOLER LLP
`777 South Figueroa Street, 44th Floor
`Los Angeles, CA 90017
`Telephone: (213) 243-4000
`Facsimile: (213) 243-4199
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`-and-
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`Melissa Smith
`melissa@gillamsmithlaw.com
`GILLAM & SMITH LLP
`303 South Washington Avenue
`Marshall, TX 75670
`Telephone: (903) 934-8450
`Facsimile: (903) 934-9257
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`Attorneys for Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and
`Samsung Electronics America, Inc.
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`Case 2:21-cv-00186-JRG-RSP Document 259 Filed 11/29/22 Page 21 of 21 PageID #:
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`CERTIFICATE OF CONFERENCE
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`Pursuant to Local Rules CV-7(h) and (i), counsel for the Samsung Defendants met and
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`conferred with counsel for the Plaintiff on November 22, 2022 in a good faith attempt to resolve
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`the matters raised by this motion. Plaintiff stated it opposes the relief requested by this motion and
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`no agreement was reached. Thus, these discussions have conclusively ended in an impasse and
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`leave an open issue for the Court to resolve.
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`/s/ Melissa R. Smith
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`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
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`The undersigned hereby certifies that on November 23, 2022, I caused a copy of the
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`foregoing to be served via email.
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`/s/ Melissa R. Smith
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