Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 1 of 45 PageID #: 186
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Exhibit G
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 2 of 45 PageID #: 187
`111111
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US007269576B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Stefik et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`*Sep.11,2007
`
`(54) CONTENT RENDERING APPARATUS
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`(75)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Inventors: Mark J. Stefik, San Francisco, CA
`(US); Peter L. T. Pirolli, San
`Francisco, CA (US); Ralph C. Merkle,
`Sunnyvale, CA (US)
`(73) Assignee: ContentGuard Holdings, Inc.,
`Wilmington, DE (US)
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 239 days.
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis(cid:173)
`claimer.
`(21) Appl. No.: 10/773,306
`Feb. 9, 2004
`(22) Filed:
`Prior Publication Data
`(65)
`
`Dec. 2, 2004
`US 2004/0243834 Al
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(60)
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`Continuation of application No. 09/777,966, filed on
`Feb. 7, 2001, now Pat. No. 6,944,600, which is a
`division of application No. 08/967,084, filed on Nov.
`10, 1997, now Pat. No. 6,236,971, which is a con(cid:173)
`tinuation of application No. 08/344,760, filed on Nov.
`23, 1994, now abandoned.
`Int. Cl.
`G06Q 99100
`(2006.01)
`H04K 1100
`(2006.01)
`H04L 9100
`(2006.01)
`G06F 7100
`(2006.01)
`G06F 15116
`(2006.01)
`U.S. Cl. .............................. 705/50; 705/59; 707/9;
`709/229; 713/182
`Field of Classification Search .................. 705/50,
`705/51,57, 59; 707/9, 104.1; 709/229;
`713/182
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3,263,158 A
`
`7/1966 Bargen et al.
`
`(Continued)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`
`0 084 441
`
`7/1983
`
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Perritt, Henry H. "Knowbots, Permissions Headers and Contract
`Law" (Apr. 30, 1993).*
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner-Andrew J. Fischer
`Assistant Examiner--Charlie C. L. Agwumezie
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Marc S. Kaufman; Carlos
`Villamar; Nixon Peabody LLP
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A system for controlling the distribution and use of digital
`works using digital tickets. In the present invention, a
`"digital ticket" is used to entitle the ticket holder to exercise
`some usage right with respect to a digital work. Usage rights
`are used to define how a digital work may be used or
`distributed. Each usage right may specifY a digital ticket
`which must be present before the right may be exercised.
`Digital works are stored in repositories which enforce a
`digital works usage rights. Each repository has a "generic
`ticket agent" which punches tickets. In some instances only
`the generic ticket agent is necessary. In other instances,
`punching by a "special ticket agent" residing on another
`repository may be needed.
`
`36 Claims, 13 Drawing Sheets
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 3 of 45 PageID #: 188
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`EP
`
`0 180 460
`0 332 707
`
`5/1986
`9/1989
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 4 of 45 PageID #: 189
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`Page 3
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
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`GB
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`JP
`JP
`JP
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`wo
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`wo
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`wo
`wo
`wo
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`
`0 538 216 A1
`0 651 554
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`0 725 376
`2 136 175
`2 236 604
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`64-068835
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`07-244639
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`W098/11690
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`W099/49615
`wo 01163528
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`* cited by examiner
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 5 of 45 PageID #: 190
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.11,2007
`
`Sheet 1 of 13
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`
`Figure 1
`
`101
`
`Creator Creates A
`Digital Work
`
`102
`~,
`Usage Rights Attached To
`Di~ital Work and
`Depostted In Repository 1
`
`103
`~,
`Repository 2 Initiates A
`Sesseon With Repository 1
`
`104
`,,
`Repository 2 Requests
`Access To Otgital Work for
`A Stated Purpose
`
`105
`~,
`RepositorY 1 Checks Usage
`Rights of Digital Work To
`Determined if Access May Be
`Granted
`
`Access Denied
`
`Access Granted
`
`106
`
`Repostiory 1
`Terminates Session
`With Error
`
`~,
`
`107
`
`Repository 1 Transmits
`Digital Work To
`Repository 2
`
`108
`
`Repository land 2 Each
`Generate Billing
`lnformati nand Transmit
`T Credit Server
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 6 of 45 PageID #: 191
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.l1,2007
`
`Sheet 2 of 13
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`
`Figure 2
`
`•••••••••••••
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`204
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`Transactions
`205
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`201
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`302
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`304
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`301
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`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 7 of 45 PageID #: 192
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.11,2007
`
`Sheet 3 of 13
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`
`Figure 4a
`Print r System
`401
`:---------------------~
`..
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`
`Print Device
`403
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`Figure 4b
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`____ ,..~
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 8 of 45 PageID #: 193
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.11,2007
`
`Sheet 4 of 13
`
`US 7,269,57 6 B2
`
`0
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`20,000
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`40,000
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`Text
`614
`
`Photo
`615
`
`Graphia
`616
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`Sidebar
`617
`
`Figure 6
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 9 of 45 PageID #: 194
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.11,2007
`
`Sheet 5 of 13
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`
`Figure 7
`
`Descriptor
`Block
`(d-b lock)
`700
`
`Identifier 701
`
`Starting Address 702
`
`Length 703
`
`Rights Portion 704
`
`Parent Pointer 705
`
`Child Pointer 706
`
`• • • • • • • I
`
`Child Pointer 706
`
`• • • • • • • I
`
`Figure 8
`
`Top
`d-block
`820
`
`d-block
`821
`(Story A)
`
`d-block
`822
`(Ad)
`
`d-block
`823
`(Story B)
`
`d-block
`824
`(Story C)
`
`Figure 9
`
`d-block
`821
`(Story A)
`
`d-block
`925
`(Text)
`
`d-block
`926
`(Photo)
`
`d-block
`927
`(Graphics)
`
`d-block
`928
`(Sidebar)
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 10 of 45 PageID #: 195
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.11,2007
`
`Sheet 6 of 13
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`
`Figure 10
`
`Right
`Code
`1050
`
`Status
`Information
`1052
`
`Figure 14
`
`Right
`1450
`
`Transactional
`Component
`1451
`
`Specification
`Component
`1452
`
`Fees/Incentives
`1454
`
`Access
`1456
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 11 of 45 PageID #: 196
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.11,2007
`
`Sheet 7 of 13
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`
`Figure 11
`
`Identifier (Magazine)
`
`Starting Address (0)
`
`Length (100,000)
`
`Rights Portion
`(PRINT,VIEW)
`Parent Pointer:
`
`Child Pointers
`
`rcot
`d-block
`1101
`
`Starting Address (0)
`
`Length (25,000)
`
`Rights Portion
`(PRINT, VIEW)
`Parent Pointer
`
`Child Pointers
`
`d-block
`1102
`
`Identifier (Article 2)
`
`'Starting Address
`(25,001)
`Length (25,000)
`
`Rights Portion
`(PRINT,VIEW)
`Parent Pointer
`
`Child Pointers
`
`d-block
`1105
`
`Identifier (Article 3)
`
`Identifier (Article 4)
`
`Starting Address
`(50.001)
`Length (25,000)
`
`Rights Portion
`(VIEW)
`Parent Pointer
`
`Child Pointers
`
`d-block
`1103
`
`Starting Address
`(75,001)
`Length (25,000)
`
`Rights Portion
`(PRINT (Fee))
`Parent Pointer
`
`Child Pointers
`
`d-bl ck
`1104
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 12 of 45 PageID #: 197
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.11,2007
`
`Sheet 8 of 13
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`
`Clock
`1205
`
`.._
`"
`
`Processing
`Element
`1201
`
`Processor
`Memory
`1202
`
`..
`..
`
`Rgure 12
`•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~ 1200
`0 . ...
`.. · Yo . •
`•" • . •
`.
`.
`· · · · · · · ·······I···· ·r · · · · ···· · ·· · · · · ~~~:~
`:
`•
`
`Processing
`Means
`
`External
`Interface
`1206
`..
`.~-H-r~~~
`•
`
`:···················· ···············:~ 1207
`•
`•
`• Descriptor
`Content
`:
`:
`Storage
`Storage
`° .
`.
`.
`1203
`1204
`.
`.
`• I.
`.
`.
`
`• e e e e • I e e I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I e e I
`
`I I . I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`•
`
`I
`
`•
`
`I
`
`I
`
`Figure 13
`
`Identification
`Certificates
`1306
`
`User
`Interface
`1305
`
`Repository Spedic
`SoftWare
`Function/Services
`1304
`Usage Transaction
`Handlers
`1303
`
`Core Repository
`Serv1ces/
`Transaction
`Handling
`1302
`
`Operating
`System
`1301
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 13 of 45 PageID #: 198
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.11,2007
`
`Sheet 9 of 13
`
`US 7,269,57 6 B2
`
`FIGURE 15
`
`1scn- Derivative-Works-Code:=
`
`1 :SOl - Digital W rk Rights:= (Rights*)
`l$a.a.- Rigbt : = (Right-Code {Copy-Count} {Control-Spec} {Time.Spec } {Acc:ess-Spec} {Fee(cid:173)
`Spec})
`''5o!- Right-Code : = Render-Code I Transport-Code I FUe-Ma.nagement-Codel Derivative(cid:173)
`Works· Code I Configuration-Code
`\50'4- Render-Code:= [Play: {Player: Player-ID} I Print: (Printer: Printer-ID}]
`1e01- Transport-Code := [Copy I Transfer I Loan {Remaining-Rights: Next-Set-of·
`Rights}]{(Next-Copy-Rights: Next-Set-of-Rights)}
`!Solo .. File-Management-Code := Backup {Back-Up-Copy-Rights: Next-Set-of(cid:173)
`Rights} I Restore I Delete I Folder I Directory
`{Name: Hide-.Loc:all Hide-Remote} {Parts: Hide(cid:173)
`Local! Hide-Remote}
`{Extract I Embed I Edit{Process: Process-IDH
`{Next-Copy-Rights: Next-Set-of Rights}
`••••- Cooliguration-Code : = Install I Uninstall
`IS~ ... Nezt-Set-of-Rigbts : = {(Add: Set-Of-Rights)} {(Delete: Set-Of-Rights)}
`{(Replace: Set-Of-Rights >H<Keep: Set-Of-Rights >}
`•••o- Copy-Count:= (Copies:positive-integer I 0 I Unlimited)
`• 511- Control-Spec:= (Control: {Restrictable I Unrestrictable} {Unchargeable I Chargeable}J
`1CO:t. ... Time-Spec:= ({Fixed-Intervall Sliding-Interval I Meter-Time} Until: Expiration-Date!
`1515- Fixed-Interval:= From: Start-Time
`IS\-t- SUding-Interval: = Interval: Use-Duration
`t6r,-Meter-Time: =Time-Remaining: Remaining-Use
`'''"-Acc:ess-8pec :=
`({SC: Security-Class~ {Authorization: Authorization-ID*} (Other(cid:173)
`Authorization: Autborization-ID*} {Ticket: Tic:ket-ID}>
`•Sn- Fee-Spec:= {Scheduled-Discount} Regular-Fee-Spec I Scheduled-Fee-Spec: I Markup·
`Spec
`161t- Scheduled-Discount:= Scheduled-Discount: (Scheduled-Discount: (Time-Spec
`Percentage)*)
`1S1'\- Regular-Fee-Spec:= <{Fee: I Incentive:} (Per-Use-Spec I Metered-Rate-Spec I Best(cid:173)
`Price-Spec I Call-For-Price-Spec) {Min: Money-Unit Per: Time-Spec}{Mu: Money·
`Unit Per: Time-Spec) To: Acc:ount-IDI
`1 e~o- Per-Use-Spec:= Per-Use: Money-unit
`•r.l\ ..... Metered-Rate-Spec:= Metered: Money-Unit Per: Time-Spec
`IS~ -Best-Price-Spec:= Best-Price: Money-unit Mu: Money-unit
`sf'.a- CaD-For-Price-Spec : = Call-For -Price
`1 s.l.'t- Scheduled·F -Spec:= (Schedule: (Time-Spec Regular-Fee-Spec:) )
`1 54 -Markup-Spec:= Markup: percentage To: Account-ID
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 14 of 45 PageID #: 199
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.l1,2007
`
`Sheet 10 of 13
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`
`Figure 16
`
`REPOSITORY-1
`
`1601
`Generate Registration Identifier
`
`Generate Registration Message
`
`1603
`Transmit Registration Message
`
`1------'
`
`1611
`Decrypt Performance Message
`
`N
`
`1605
`
`Decrypt Registration Message
`
`1606
`Save Enaypted Repository-1
`Registration Identifier
`
`Extract Repository-1 Identifier
`
`Generate Performance Message
`
`~----------~----------~1610
`Transmit Performance Message
`
`No
`
`Yes
`
`1615
`
`Transmit Nonce
`
`1616
`Repository- I Terminate
`Transaction
`
`1618
`
`Repository- 2 Terminate
`Transaction
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 15 of 45 PageID #: 200
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 11,2007
`
`Sheet 11 of 13
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`
`Figure 17
`
`REPOSITORY·1
`
`1701
`Create a Session Key Pair
`
`1702
`Encrypt Second Key Using Public
`Key of Repository-2
`
`1703
`Transmit Encrypted Second Key
`To Repository-2
`
`1707
`
`Generate Timestamp
`Message
`
`~
`
`1708
`Transmit Timestamp
`Message To Repository-2
`
`REPOSITORY ·2
`
`~! Decrypt Second Key I
`
`1704
`
`1705
`Generate Timestamp
`Exchange Message
`
`1706
`
`Transmit Timestamp
`Exchange Message To
`Repository-1
`
`Note Current Time
`
`I
`
`1709
`
`lr
`1710
`Save Time From Repository-1
`
`1711
`Compare Current Time With
`Time From Repository·1
`
`1712
`
`Time
`Difference Exceed
`Tolerance?
`
`No
`
`Yes
`
`1713
`Terminate Transaction
`
`1714
`Compute Adjusted Time
`Delta
`
`~
`
`'
`
`End
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 16 of 45 PageID #: 201
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.l1,2007
`
`Sheet 12 of 13
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`
`Figure 18
`
`REQUESTER
`
`SERVER
`
`1803
`Server Generates Transacti n
`Identifier
`
`1807
`
`Decrement Copy
`Count For Right
`
`Perform Usag
`Transaction Steps
`
`Yes
`
`1813
`Determine Set
`Of Remaining
`Rights
`
`1805
`_...,..Terminate Transaction
`
`,817
`Decrement Copies In Use For
`Right By Number In Request
`
`1818
`For Metered Use, Subtract
`Elapsed Time From Remaining
`Use Time For Right
`
`1819
`Initiate End-Charge Financial
`Transaction t C nfirm Billing
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 17 of 45 PageID #: 202
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.l1,2007
`
`Sheet 13 of 13
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`
`SERVER
`
`Figure 19
`
`(Cancel)
`Fail
`1912
`
`WaitForAck
`1908
`
`New
`Transaction
`1902
`
`Send
`._ ___ trof Next Data
`1906
`
`Commit Report To
`Credit Server
`1914
`
`ro;;;-1
`~
`
`Data
`1907
`
`Ack
`
`Ack
`
`Line
`1901
`
`\
`\ NoMore
`\
`\
`Data
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`\
`\
`\
`\
`Start \
`\
`1903 \
`\
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`•••••••••••• \ •••••••••••••••••• ~ •••• J •••••••••••••••••••••• . .............. .
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`CUENT
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`
`Wait For • Wait For • Data
`
`Transaction
`1904
`
`Data
`1905
`
`" Received
`1909
`
`~
`
`No More
`Data
`
`I
`
`Commit Report To
`
`Credit Server -
`
`1916
`
`More
`Data
`
`Ackn wledg
`1910
`
`,, .. ,.,)V
`
`Fail
`1913
`
`Rep rt Err r
`T Credit Server
`1918
`
`,
`0 ne
`1919
`
`...-
`
`r
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 18 of 45 PageID #: 203
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`
`1
`CONTENT RENDERING APPARATUS
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates to the field of distribution
`and usage rights enforcement for digitally encoded works.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`2
`A system for ensuring that licenses are in place for using
`licensed products is described in PCT Publication WO
`93/01550 to Griswold entitled "License Management Sys(cid:173)
`tem and Method." The licensed product may be any elec(cid:173)
`tronically published work but is most effective for use with
`works that are used for extended periods of time such as
`software programs. Griswold requires that the licensed prod(cid:173)
`uct contain software to invoke a license check monitor at
`predetermined time intervals. The license check monitor
`10 generates request data grams which identifY the licensee. The
`request datagrams are sent to a license control system over
`an appropriate communication facility. The license control
`system then checks the datagram to determine if the data(cid:173)
`gram is from a valid licensee. The license control system
`15 then sends a reply datagram to the license check monitor
`indicating denial or approval of usage. The license control
`system will deny usage in the event that request datagrams
`go unanswered after a predetermined period of time (which
`may indicate an unauthorized attempt to use the licensed
`20 product). In this system, usage is managed at a central
`location by the response datagrams. So for example if
`license fees have not been paid, access to the licensed
`product is terminated.
`It is argued by Griswold that the described system is
`25 advantageous because it can be implemented entirely in
`software. However, the system described by Griswold has
`limitations. An important limitation is that during the use of
`the licensed product, the user must always be coupled to an
`appropriate communication facility in order to send and
`30 receive datagrams. This creates a dependency on the com(cid:173)
`munication facility. So if the communication facility is not
`available, the licensed product cannot be used. Moreover,
`some party must absorb the cost of communicating with the
`license server.
`A system for controlling the distribution of digitally
`encoded books is embodied in a system available from VPR
`Systems, LTD. of St. Louis, Mo. The VPR system is
`self-contained and is comprised of: (1) point of sale kiosks
`for storing and downloading of books, (2) personal storage
`mediums (cartridges) to which the books are downloaded,
`and (3) readers for viewing the book. In a purchase trans(cid:173)
`action, a purchaser will purchase a voucher card represent(cid:173)
`ing the desired book. The voucher will contain sufficient
`information to identify the book purchased and perhaps
`some demographic information relating to the sales trans(cid:173)
`action. To download the book, the voucher and the cartridge
`are inserted into the kiosk.
`The VPR system may also be used as a library. In such an
`50 embodiment, the kiosk manages the number of"copies" that
`may be checked out at one time. Further, the copy of the
`book is erased from the users cartridge after a certain
`check-out time has expired. However, individuals cannot
`loan books because the cartridges may only be used with the
`55 owners reader.
`The foregoing distribution and protection schemes oper(cid:173)
`ate in part by preventing subsequent distribution of the work.
`While this certainly prevents unauthorized distributions, it
`does so by sacrificing the potential for subsequent revenue
`bearing uses. For example, it may be desirable to allow the
`lending of a purchased work to permit exposure of the work
`to potential buyers. Another example would be to permit the
`creation of a derivative work for a fee. Yet another example
`would be to permit copying the work for a fee (essentially
`65 purchasing it). Thus, it would be desirable to provide flex(cid:173)
`ibility in how the owner of a digital work may allow it to be
`distributed.
`
`A fundamental issue facing the publishing and informa(cid:173)
`tion industries as they consider electronic publishing is how
`to prevent the unauthorized and unaccounted distribution or
`usage of electronically published materials. Electronically
`published materials are typically distributed in a digital form
`and recreated on a computer based system having the
`capability to recreate the materials. Audio and video record(cid:173)
`ings, software, books and multimedia works are all being
`electronically published. Companies in these industries
`receive royalties for each accounted for delivery of the
`materials, e.g. the sale of an audio CD at a retail outlet. Any
`unaccounted distribution of a work results in an unpaid
`royalty (e.g. copying the audio recording CD to another
`digital medium.)
`The ease in which electronically published works can be
`"perfectly" reproduced and distributed is a major concern.
`The transmission of digital works over networks is com(cid:173)
`monplace. One such widely used network is the Internet.
`The Internet is a widespread network facility by which
`computer users in many universities, corporations and gov(cid:173)
`ernment entities communicate and trade ideas and informa(cid:173)
`tion. Computer bulletin boards found on the Internet and
`commercial networks such as CompuServ and Prodigy
`allow for the posting and retrieving of digital information.
`Information services such as Dialog and LEXIS/NEXIS 35
`provide databases of current information on a wide variety
`of topics. Another factor which will exacerbate the situation
`is the development and expansion of the National Informa(cid:173)
`tion Infrastructure (the Nil). It is anticipated that, as the Nil
`grows, the transmission of digital works over networks will 40
`increase many times over. It would be desirable to utilize the
`Nil for distribution of digital works without the fear of
`widespread unauthorized copying.
`The most straightforward way to curb unaccounted dis(cid:173)
`tribution is to prevent unauthorized copying and transmis(cid:173)
`sion. For existing materials that are distributed in digital
`form, various safeguards are used. In the case of software,
`copy protection schemes which limit the number of copies
`that can be made or which corrupt the output when copying
`is detected have been employed. Another scheme causes
`software to become disabled after a predetermined period of
`time has lapsed. A technique used for workstation based
`software is to require that a special hardware device must be
`present on the workstation in order for the software to run,
`e.g., see U.S. Pat. No. 4,932,054 entitled "Method and
`Apparatus for Protecting Computer Software Utilizing
`Coded Filter Network in Conjunction with an Active Coded
`Hardware Device." Such devices are provided with the
`software and are commonly referred to as dongles.
`Yet another scheme is to distribute software, but which 60
`requires a "key" to enable it's use. This is employed in
`distribution schemes where "demos" of the software are
`provided on a medium along with the entire product. The
`demos can be freely used, but in order to use the actual
`product, the key must be purchased. These scheme do not
`hinder copying of the software once the key is initially
`purchased.
`
`45
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-7 Filed 02/05/14 Page 19 of 45 PageID #: 204
`
`US 7,269,576 B2
`
`4
`After a copy of the digital work is successfully sent to the
`requesting party, the digital ticket is "punched" to indicate
`that a copy of the digital work has been made. When the
`ticket is "punched" a predetermined number of times, it may
`no longer be used.
`Digital works are stored in repositories. Repositories
`enforce the usage rights for digital works. Each repository
`has a "generic ticket agent" which punches tickets. In some
`instances only the generic ticket agent is necessary. In other
`10 instances, punching by a "special ticket agent" residing on
`another repository may be desired. Punching by a "special
`ticket agent" enables greater security and control of the
`digital work. For example, it can help prevent digital ticket
`forgery. Special ticket agents are also useful in situations
`15 where an external database needs to be updated or checked.
`A digital ticket is merely an instance of a digital work.
`Thus, a digital ticket may be distributed among repositories
`in the same fashion as other digital works.
`A digital ticket may be used in many commercial sce-
`20 narios such as in the purchase of software and prepaid
`upgrades. A digital ticket may also be used to limit the
`number of times that a right may be exercised. For example,
`a user may purchase a copy of a di