Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 1 of 43 PageID #: 316
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Exhibit J
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 2 of 43 PageID #: 317
`111111
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US007225160B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Stefik et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`May 29,2007
`
`(54) DIGITAL WORKS HAVING USAGE RIGHTS
`AND METHOD FOR CREATING THE SAME
`
`(58) Field of Classification Search ............ 705/50-59;
`380/201; 707/9, 104.1; 713/182-186
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Mark J. Stefik, Portola Valley, CA
`(US); Peter L. T. Pirolli, San
`Francisco, CA (US); Ralph C. Merkle,
`Sunnyvale, CA (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: ContentGuard Holdings, Inc.,
`Wilmington, DE (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 325 days.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3,263,158 A
`
`7/1966 Janis
`
`(Continued)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`
`0 084 441
`
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`
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 10/015,951
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Dec. 17, 2001
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2002/0128972 Al
`
`Sep. 12, 2002
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(60) Continuation of application No. 09/778,001, filed on
`Feb. 7, 2001, which is a division of application No.
`08/967,084, filed on Nov. 10, 1997, now Pat. No.
`6,236,971, which is a continuation of application No.
`08/344,760, filed on Nov. 23, 1994, now abandoned.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`G06Q 99100
`(2006.01)
`H04K 1100
`(2006.01)
`H04L 9100
`(2006.01)
`(52) U.S. Cl. ............................ 705/51; 705/52; 705/53;
`705/54; 705/55; 705/56; 705/57; 705/58;
`705/59; 705/50; 380/201; 707/9; 707/104.1;
`713/182; 713/183; 713/184; 713/185; 713/186
`
`Henry H. Perritt Jr., Knowbots, Permissions Headers and Contract
`Law Papers for the Conference on Technological Strategies for
`Protecting Intellectual Property in the Networked Multimedia Envi(cid:173)
`ronment (Apr. 30, 2003). pp. 1-22. Retrieved from IDS.*
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner-James A. Reagan
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Marc S. Kaufman; Carlos R.
`Villamar; Nixon Peasbody, LLP
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Digital work adapted to be distributed within a system for
`controlling at least one of the distribution and use of digital
`works. The digital work includes: digital content represent(cid:173)
`ing a portion of a digital work suitable for being rendered by
`a rendering device and usage rights associated with the
`digital content. The usage rights specify a manner of use
`indicating one or more stated purposes for which the digital
`work can be at least one of used and distributed by an
`authorized party.
`
`38 Claims, 13 Drawing Sheets
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 3 of 43 PageID #: 318
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`6,240,185 B1
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`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 4 of 43 PageID #: 319
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`Page 3
`
`6,708,157 B2 *
`
`3/2004 Stefik eta!. .................. 705/59
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`GB
`GB
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`
`0 180 460
`0 332 707
`0 538 216 A
`0 651 554
`0 668 695
`0 725 376
`2 136 175
`2 236 604
`62-241061
`64-068835
`H03-282733
`04-369068
`05-268415
`06-175794
`06-215010
`07-084852
`07-200317
`07-244639
`0 715 241
`wo 92/20022
`wo 93/01550
`wo 94/01821
`wo 96/24092
`wo 97/48203
`wo 98/11690
`wo 98/42098
`wo 99/49615
`wo 01163528
`
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`9/1989
`4/1993
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`9/1984
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`10/1987
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`12/1992
`10/1993
`6/1994
`8/1994
`3/1995
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`9/1995
`6/1996
`1111992
`111993
`111994
`8/1996
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`Weber, Robert. Digital Rights Management Technologies. Oct.
`1995. Retrieved from IDS.*
`"National Semiconductor and EPR Partner for Information Meter(cid:173)
`ing/Data Security Cards" Mar. 4, 1994, Press Release from Elec(cid:173)
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`of Reproduction Rights Organizations.
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`pp. 66-70 and 94, Nov. 1994, Communications of the ACM, vol. 37,
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`Hilts, P. et a!., "Books While U Wait", pp. 48-50, Jan. 3, 1994,
`Publishers Weekly.
`
`Strattner, A, "Cash Register on a Chip may Revolutionize Software
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`Computer Shopper, vol. 14, No. 4, ISSN 0886-0556.
`O'Conner, M., "New Distribution Option for Electronic Publishers;
`iOpener Data Encryption and Metering System for CD-ROM use;
`col.", pp. 134, Mar. 1994, CD-ROM Professional, vol. 7, No. 2,
`ISSN: 1409-0833.
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`System beta tests new technology", pp. 84, May 2, 1994, Info World.
`Linn, R., "Copyright and Information Services in the Context of the
`National Research and Education Network", pp. 9-20, Jan. 1994,
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`Perrit, Jr., H., "Permission Headers and Contract Law", pp. 27-48,
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`Dynamic Approach", pp. 63-66, Jan. 1994, IMA Intellectual Prop(cid:173)
`erty Proceedings, vol. 1, Issue 1.
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`* cited by examiner
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 5 of 43 PageID #: 320
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 29,2007
`
`Sheet 1 of 13
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`Figure 1
`
`101
`
`Creator Creates A
`Digital Work
`
`102
`~,
`Usage Rights Attached To
`Digital Work and
`Deposited In Repository 1
`
`103
`.,~
`Repository 2 Initiates A
`Session With Repository 1
`
`Repository 2 Requests
`Access To Digital Work for
`A Stated Purpose
`
`105
`Repository 1 Checks Usage
`Rights of Digital Work To
`Determined if Access May Be
`Granted
`
`Access Denied
`
`,,
`
`106
`
`Repostiory 1
`Terminates Session
`With Error
`
`Access Granted
`
`107
`
`Repository 1 Transmits
`Digital Work To
`Repository 2
`
`108
`
`Repository 1and 2 Each
`Generate Billing
`Information and Transmit
`To Credit Server
`
`

`

`~-• •
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`202
`.
`
`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 6 of 43 PageID #: 321
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 29,2007
`
`Sheet 2 of 13
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`Figure 2
`
`Repository
`Transactions
`205
`
`.............
`:
`: Master
`: Repository :
`.
`.
`:
`204
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`Transactaons
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`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 7 of 43 PageID #: 322
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 29,2007
`
`Sheet 3 of 13
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`Figure 4a
`Printer System
`401
`:---------------------~
`
`I
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`Repository
`402
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`403
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`
`Figure 4b
`
`Multi-Function System
`410
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`414
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`
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`____ .J
`I
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`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 8 of 43 PageID #: 323
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 29,2007
`
`Sheet 4 of 13
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`0
`
`20,000
`
`40,000
`
`60,000
`
`80,000
`
`10,000
`J
`
`Story A
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`30,000
`
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`511
`
`50,000
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`Story B
`512
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`70,000
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`Story C
`513
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`90, 000
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`Rgure 5
`
`0
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`1,500
`
`10,000
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`30,000
`
`25,000
`
`Text
`614
`
`Photo
`615
`
`Graphics
`616
`
`Sidebar
`617
`
`Figure 6
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 9 of 43 PageID #: 324
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 29,2007
`
`Sheet 5 of 13
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`Rgure 7
`
`Identifier 701
`
`Starting Address 702
`
`Length 703
`
`Rights Portion 704
`
`Parent Pointer 705
`
`Descriptor
`Block
`(d-block)
`700
`
`Child Pointer 706
`
`•
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`•
`
`. . . . •
`• . • •
`J Child Pointer 706 I
`
`Figure 8
`
`Top
`d-block
`820
`
`d-block
`821
`(Story A)
`
`d-block
`822
`(Ad)
`
`d-block
`823
`(Story B)
`
`d-block
`824
`(Story C)
`
`Figure 9
`
`d-block
`821
`(Story A)
`
`d-block
`925
`(Text)
`
`d-block
`927
`(Graphics)
`
`d-block
`928
`(Sidebar)
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 10 of 43 PageID #: 325
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 29,2007
`
`Sheet 6 of 13
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`Figure 10
`
`Right
`Code
`1050
`
`Status
`Information
`1052
`
`Figure 14
`
`Right
`1450
`
`Transactional
`Component
`1451
`
`Specification
`Component
`1452
`
`Fees/Incentives
`1454
`
`Access
`1456
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 11 of 43 PageID #: 326
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 29,2007
`
`Sheet 7 of 13
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`Figure 11
`
`Identifier (Magazine)
`
`Starting Address (0)
`
`Length (100,000}
`
`Rights Portion
`(PRINT,VIEW)
`Parent Pointer
`
`Child Pointers
`
`root
`d-block
`1101
`
`Starting Address (0)
`
`Length (25,000}
`
`Rights Portion
`(PRINT,VIEW)
`Parent Pointer
`
`Child Pointers
`
`d-block
`1102
`
`Starting Address
`(25,001)
`Length (25,000)
`
`Rights Portion
`(PRINT ,VIEW)
`Parent Pointer
`
`Child Pointers
`
`d-b lock
`1105
`
`Identifier (Article 3)
`
`Identifier (Article 4)
`
`Starting Address
`(50,001)
`Length (25 ,000)
`
`Rights Portion
`{VIEW)
`Parent Pointer
`
`Child Pointers
`
`d-block
`1103
`
`Starting Address
`(75,001)
`Length (25,000)
`
`Rights Portion
`(PRINT (Fee))
`Parent Pointer
`
`Child Pointers
`
`d-block
`1104
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 12 of 43 PageID #: 327
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 29,2007
`
`Sheet 8 of 13
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`Figure 12
`
`Processing
`Means
`
`Clock
`
`1205 --+. .
`
`Processing
`Element
`1201
`
`Processor
`Memory
`1202
`
`...
`
`...
`"'
`
`•..•....•.•...•..•.••.••.••••... / . 1200
`. ..
`..t_ ..
`....,.--1 External
`:
`Interface
`•
`1206
`. . •
`··············r······················
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`:
`• Descriptor
`Content
`:
`Storage
`Storage
`1203
`1204
`.
`.
`..................................... ~
`
`..................... I ............... / 1207
`
`~~~:~
`
`0
`
`0
`
`Figure 13
`
`Identification
`Certificates
`1306
`
`User
`Interface
`1305
`
`Repository Spedic
`Software
`Function/Services
`1304
`Usage Transaction
`Handlers
`1303
`
`Core Repository
`Services/
`Transaction
`Handling
`1302
`
`Operating
`System
`1301
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 13 of 43 PageID #: 328
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 29,2007
`
`Sheet 9 of 13
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`FIGURE 15
`
`tscn.- Derivative-Works-Code:=
`
`1:501 -- Digital Work Rights:= (Rights•)
`~~~- Right := (Right-Code {Copy-Count} '{Control-SpK} {Time-Spec: } {Access-Spec} {Fee(cid:173)
`Spec})
`l'Se:;- Right-Code:= Render-Code !Transport-Code I File-Management-Code! Derivative(cid:173)
`Works· Code I Configuration-Code
`1S e-i- Render-Code:= (Play: {Player: Player-IDJ I Print: {Printer. Printer-ID)]
`~~~-Transport-Code := [Copy I Tran~fer 1 Loan {Remaining-Rights: Next-Set-of(cid:173)
`R.i ghts )J{(N ex t-Copy-Rigbts: Next-Set-of-Rights)}
`ISo"~ rue-Management-Code := Backup {Back-Up-Copy-Rights: Next-Set-of(cid:173)
`Rights} I Restore I Delete I Folder I Directory
`[Name: Hide-Local) Hide-Remote} {Parts: Hide-·
`Local) Hide-Remote}
`[Extract 1 Embed I Edit{Proc:ess: Process-ID))
`{Nut-Copy-Rights: Next-Set-of Rights}
`1hl ~Configuration-Code:= Install) Uoinstall
`t!'c'l~Nut-Set-of-Rights := {(Add: Set-Of-Rights)} {(Delete: Set-Of-Rights)}
`(\Replace: Set-Of-Rights IH(Keep: Set-Of'-Righu )J
`.soc- Copy-Count:= (Copies:p.ositive-integer I 0 I Unlimited)
`1 su- Control-Spec::= (Control: {Restrictable I Unrestrictable} {Unchargeable I Chargeable})
`~~·~- Time ..Spec:= ({F~~~-lnlerval .1 Slidilli·lnt.ervall Met.er-Time} Until: Expiration-Date)
`•:.•' ...... Fbed-Interval := From: Start-Time
`!Slot~ Sllding-Jnterval := Interval: Uee-Duration
`1516- Meter-Time:= Time-Remaining: Remaining-Use
`1, 1.,-Acc:el!II·Spec: := <{SC: Sea1rity-Class} {Authori1Btion: Authori~ation-ID•) {Other·
`AutborU.ation: Authori:z.ation-10•} {Ticket: Tic:ket-ID})
`•SO ... Fee-Spec:= {Schedul~·Discount} Regular-Fee-Spec 1 Scheduled-Fee-Spec I Markup(cid:173)
`Spec
`Sc:bedu)ed-Discou ot: = Scheduled-Discount: (Scheduled-Discount: (Time-Spec:
`Percentage)•)
`Regular-Fee-Spec:= <{Fee: )Incentive:) !Per-Use-Spec I Metered-Rate-Spec: I Best(cid:173)
`Price-Spec I Call-For-Price-Spec) {Min: Money-Unit Per: Time-SpecHMa:t: Money(cid:173)
`Unit Per: Time-Spec:} To: Acrount-IDl
`
`lSI'\""'
`
`1e~o-...; Per-Use-Spec:= Per-Use: Money-unit
`,,;.,- Metered-Rate-Spec::= Meter~: Money-Unit Per: Time-Spec:
`15.U-.... Best-Price-Spec:= Best-Price: Money-unit Max:: Money-unit
`If~- Cel:J-For-Price-Spec :=Call-For -Pric:e
`1 Sol 'I- ScbE'duJed-Fee-Spec: = (Sch~ule: {Time-Spec: Regulu·FH-Spec)•)
`1 5#5- Muk"up-Spec:: = Markup: peruntage To: Account-ID
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 14 of 43 PageID #: 329
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 29,2007
`
`Sheet 10 of 13
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`Figure 16
`
`REPOSITORY·1
`
`1601
`Generate Registration Identifier
`
`1602
`Generate Registration Message
`
`1603
`Transmit Registration Message 1---_.....J
`
`1611
`Decrypt Performance Message
`
`No
`
`1605
`
`Decrypt Registration Message
`
`1606
`Save Encrypted Repository-1
`Registration Identifier
`
`Extract Repository· 1 Identifier
`
`Yes
`
`Generate Performance Message
`
`r---------~----------~1610
`Transmit Performance Message
`
`Yes
`
`Transmit Nonce
`
`1615
`
`1616
`Repository-1 Terminate
`Transaction
`
`1618
`
`Repository- 2 Terminate
`Transaction
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 15 of 43 PageID #: 330
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 29,2007
`
`Sheet 11 of 13
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`Figure 17
`
`REPOSITORY-1
`
`1701
`Create a Session Key Pair
`
`1702
`Encrypt Second Key Using Public
`Key of Repository-2
`
`1703
`Transmit Encrypted Second Key
`To Repository-2
`
`1707
`
`Generate Timestamp
`Message
`
`1+-
`
`1708
`Transmit Timestamp
`Message To Repository-2
`
`REPOSITORY-2
`
`:! Decrypt Second Key l
`
`1704
`
`1705
`Generate Timestamp
`Exchange Message
`
`1706
`
`Transmit Timestamp
`Exchange Message To
`Repository-1
`
`1709
`
`Note Current Time
`
`1710
`lo
`Save Time From Repository-1
`
`1711
`~
`Compare Current Time With
`Time From Repository-1
`
`1712
`
`Time
`Difference Exceed
`Tolerance'?
`
`No
`
`Yes
`
`1713
`Terminate Transaction
`
`1714
`Compute Adjusted Time
`Delta
`
`f+-
`
`lo
`
`End
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 16 of 43 PageID #: 331
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 29,2007
`
`Sheet 12 of 13
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`Figure 18
`
`REQUESTER
`
`SERVER
`
`,803
`Server Generates Transaction
`Identifier
`
`Decrement Copy
`Count For Right
`
`Yes
`
`1813
`Determine Set
`Of Remaining
`Rights
`
`1805
`..----1~ Terminate Transaction
`
`1817
`Decrement Copies In Use For
`Right By Number In Request
`
`1818
`for Metered Use, Subtract
`Elapsed Time From Remaining
`Use Time For Right
`
`1819
`Initiate End-Charge Financial
`Transaction to Confirm Billing
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 17 of 43 PageID #: 332
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 29,2007
`
`Sheet 13 of 13
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`SERVER
`
`Figure 19
`
`New
`Transaction
`1902
`
`Send
`~----1~ Next Data
`1906
`
`I
`
`I
`I
`
`I
`
`.
`
`I
`
`I
`
`\
`I
`
`I
`
`Data
`1907
`
`I
`
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`\
`',
`\
`~
`\
`SQrt\
`\
`1903 \
`'
`'
`I
`I
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`'
`• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
`l
`I
`\
`\
`I
`1
`l
`1
`I
`\
`•
`
`CLIENT
`
`l
`l
`'
`1
`I
`\
`Wait For
`'
`Tran~action 1---''---___,~
`1904
`
`Wait For
`Data
`1905
`
`'
`
`:
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`Ack
`
`Ack
`
`Line
`1901
`• ••••••••••••••••••••• t ••••••••••••••••
`I
`
`:
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`: .-------, No More r-..._ _____ _,
`Data
`Data
`Commit Report To
`:
`Received
`Credit Server
`1909
`1916
`
`More
`Data
`
`Report Error
`To Credit Server
`1918
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 18 of 43 PageID #: 333
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`1
`DIGITAL WORKS HAVING USAGE RIGHTS
`AND METHOD FOR CREATING THE SAME
`
`RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation of application Ser. No.
`09/778,001, filed Feb. 7, 2001, which is a divisional of Ser.
`No. 08/967,084, filed on Nov. 10, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No.
`6,236,971, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/344,760,
`filed Nov. 23, 1994, now abandoned, the disclosure of which
`are being incorporated by reference.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`2
`Hardware Device." Such devices are provided with the
`software and are commonly referred to as dongles.
`Yet another scheme is to distribute software, but which
`requires a "key" to enable it's use. This is employed in
`distribution schemes where "demos" of the software are
`provided on a medium along with the entire product. The
`demos can be freely used, but in order to use the actual
`product, the key must be purchased. These scheme do not
`hinder copying of the software once the key is initially
`10 purchased.
`A system for ensuring that licenses are in place for using
`licensed products is described in PCT Publication WO
`93/01550 to Griswold entitled "License Management Sys(cid:173)
`tem and Method." The licensed product may be any elec(cid:173)
`tronically published work but is most effective for use with
`works that are used for extended periods of time such as
`software programs. Griswold requires that the licensed prod(cid:173)
`uct contain software to invoke a license check monitor at
`predetermined time intervals. The license check monitor
`20 generates request data grams which identifY the licensee. The
`request datagrams are sent to a license control system over
`an appropriate communication facility. The license control
`system then checks the datagram to determine if the data(cid:173)
`gram is from a valid licensee. The license control system
`25 then sends a reply datagram to the license check monitor
`indicating denial or approval of usage. The license control
`system will deny access in the event that request datagrams
`go unanswered after a predetermined period of time (which
`may indicate an unauthorized attempt to use the licensed
`30 product). In this system, access is managed at a central
`location by the response datagrams. So for example if
`license fees have not been paid, access to the licensed
`product is terminated.
`It is argued by Griswold that the described system is
`35 advantageous because it can be implemented entirely in
`software. However, the system described by Griswold has
`limitations. An important limitation is that during the use of
`the licensed product, the user must always be coupled to an
`appropriate communication facility in order to send and
`40 receive datagrams. This creates a dependency on the com(cid:173)
`munication facility. So if the communication facility is not
`available, the licensed product cannot be used. Moreover,
`some party must absorb the cost of communicating with the
`license server.
`A system for controlling the distribution of digitally
`encoded books is embodied in a system available from VPR
`Systems, LTD. of St. Louis, Mo. The VPR system is
`self-contained and is comprised of: (1) point of sale kiosks
`for storing and downloading of books, (2) personal storage
`50 mediums (cartridges) to which the books are downloaded,
`and (3) readers for viewing the book. In a purchase trans(cid:173)
`action, a purchaser will purchase a voucher card represent(cid:173)
`ing the desired book. The voucher will contain sufficient
`information to identify the book purchased and perhaps
`55 some demographic information relating to the sales trans(cid:173)
`action. To download the book, the voucher and the cartridge
`are inserted into the kiosk.
`The VPR system may also be used as a library. In such an
`embodiment, the kiosk manages the number of"copies" that
`60 may be checked out at one time. Further, the copy of the
`book is erased from the users cartridge after a certain
`check-out time has expired. However, individuals cannot
`loan books because the cartridges may only be used with the
`owners reader.
`The foregoing distribution and protection schemes oper(cid:173)
`ate in part by preventing subsequent distribution of the work.
`While this certainly prevents unauthorized distributions, it
`
`The present invention relates to the field of distribution 15
`and usage rights enforcement for digitally encoded works.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`A fundamental issue facing the publishing and informa(cid:173)
`tion industries as they consider electronic publishing is how
`to prevent the unauthorized and unaccounted distribution or
`usage of electronically published materials. Electronically
`published materials are typically distributed in a digital form
`and recreated on a computer based system having the
`capability to recreate the materials. Audio and video record(cid:173)
`ings, software, books and multimedia works are all being
`electronically published. Companies in these industries
`receive royalties for each accounted for delivery of the
`materials, e.g. the sale of an audio CD at a retail outlet. Any
`unaccounted distribution of a work results in an unpaid
`royalty (e.g. copying the audio recording CD to another
`digital medium.)
`The ease in which electronically published works can be
`"perfectly" reproduced and distributed is a major concern.
`The transmission of digital works over networks is com(cid:173)
`monplace. One such widely used network is the Internet.
`The Internet is a widespread network facility by which
`computer users in many universities, corporations and gov(cid:173)
`ernment entities communicate and trade ideas and informa(cid:173)
`tion. Computer bulletin boards found on the Internet and
`commercial networks such as CompuServ and Prodigy
`allow for the posting and retrieving of digital information.
`Information services such as Dialog and LEXIS/NEXIS 45
`provide databases of current information on a wide variety
`of topics. Another factor which will exacerbate the situation
`is the development and expansion of the National Informa(cid:173)
`tion Infrastructure (the Nil). It is anticipated that, as the Nil
`grows, the transmission of digital works over networks will
`increase many times over. It would be desirable to utilize the
`Nil for distribution of digital works without the fear of
`widespread unauthorized copying.
`The most straightforward way to curb unaccounted dis(cid:173)
`tribution is to prevent unauthorized copying and transmis(cid:173)
`sion. For existing materials that are distributed in digital
`form, various safeguards are used. In the case of software,
`copy protection schemes which limit the number of copies
`that can be made or which corrupt the output when copying
`is detected have been employed. Another scheme causes
`software to become disabled after a predetermined period of
`time has lapsed. A technique used for workstation based
`software is to require that a special hardware device must be
`present on the workstation in order for the software to run,
`e.g., see U.S. Pat. No. 4,932,054 entitled "Method and 65
`Apparatus for Protecting Computer Software Utilizing
`Coded Filter Network in Conjunction with an Active Coded
`
`

`

`Case 2:14-cv-00061-JRG Document 1-10 Filed 02/05/14 Page 19 of 43 PageID #: 334
`
`US 7,225,160 B2
`
`4
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`3
`does so by sacrificing the potential for subsequent revenue
`bearing uses. For example, it may be desirable to allow the
`lending of a purchased work to permit exposure of the work
`to potential buyers. Another example would be to permit the
`creation of a derivative work for a fee. Yet another example
`would be to permit copying the work for a fee (essentially
`purchasing it). Thus, it would be desirable to provide flex(cid:173)
`ibility in the manner that the owner of a digital work may
`allow it to be distributed or used.
`While flexibility in manner of distribution and use is a 10
`concern, the owners of a work want to make sure they are
`paid for such distributions. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,977,594 to
`Shear, entitled "Database Usage Metering and Protection
`System and Method," a system for metering and billing for
`usage of information distributed on a CD-ROM is described. 15
`The system requires the addition of a billing module to the
`computer system. The billing module may operate in a
`number of differ