To:
`Subject:
`Sent:
`Sent As:
`
`MINDI RICHTER(mrichter@shumaker.com)
`U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 98150610 - 1-800-NY-LEGAL
`October 08, 2024 03:02:42 PM EDT
`tmng.notices@uspto.gov
`
`Attachments
`
`rubenstein referral 2.jpg
`rubenstein referral.jpg
`britannica NY.jpg
`fcc toll free 1800.jpg
`rodriguez law firm spanish.jpg
`rodriguez law firm english.jpg
`lsnjlaw spanish speaking.jpg
`legal conversion center spanish speaking.jpg
`app website legal 2.jpg
`app website legal.jpg
`
`United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
`Office Action (Official Letter) About Applicant’s Trademark Application
`
`U.S. Application Serial No.  98150610
`
`Mark:   1-800-NY-LEGAL
`
`Correspondence Address:  
`MINDI RICHTER
`SHUMAKER, LOOP & KENDRICK, LLP
`101 E. KENNEDY BLVD, SUITE 2800
`TAMPA FL 33602
`UNITED STATES
`
`Applicant:   Rubenstein Law P.A.
`
`Reference/Docket No.  N/A
`
`Correspondence Email Address:   mrichter@shumaker.com
`
`
`
`
`
`
`REQUEST FOR RECONSIDERATION AFTER FINAL ACTION DENIED
`
`Issue date:   October 8, 2024
`
`Applicant’s request for reconsideration is denied.   See 37 C.F.R. §2.63(b)(3).  The trademark
`examining attorney has carefully reviewed applicant’s request and determined the request did not:  (1)
`raise a new issue, (2) resolve all the outstanding issue(s), (3) provide any new or compelling evidence
`with regard to the outstanding issue(s), or (4) present analysis and arguments that were persuasive or
`
`

`

`shed new light on the outstanding issue(s).  TMEP §§715.03(a)(ii)(B), 715.04(a).  
`
`Accordingly, the following requirement(s) and/or refusal(s) made final in the Office action dated
`August 7, 2024 are maintained and continued: 
`
`
`•
`
`Section 2(d) Refusal - Likelihood of Confusion
`
`
`See TMEP §§715.03(a)(ii)(B), 715.04(a).  
`
`RESPONSE TO APPLICANT'S ARGUMENTS
`
`Applicant's arguments presented in the request for reconsideration have been evaluated and are found
`unpersuasive.
`
`Applicant has applied for the mark "1-800-NY-LEGAL" for "Attorney services; Legal services;
`Litigation services" in International Class 45.
`
`Registrant owns the mark "1-800-NY-ABOGADO" for "Business marketing consultation services;
`marketing and promotional services, namely, preparing and placing advertisements for others, banner
`advertising, display advertising; link exchanges, namely, promoting the services of others by providing
`hypertext links to the websites of others; and legal referral services" in International Class 35.
`
`First, applicant argues the marks are dissimilar.  However, as discussed in the Office actions, the
`marks "1-800-NY-LEGAL" and "1-800-NY-ABOGADO" share the identical lettering "1-800-NY-"
`and the terms “LEGAL” and “ABOGADO” have similar meanings. The attached evidence from the
`Federal Communications Commission website shows “1-800” refers to a toll-free telephone number.
`See attached. The attached evidence from Encylopedia Britannica shows “NY” is the state abbreviation
`for New York. See attached.  As discussed in the previous Office actions, the registration includes a
`translation statement that "ABOGADO" translates to "LAWYER", and the examining attorney has
`provided Spanish Dictionary evidence supporting the translation of “ABOGADO” meaning
`“LAWYER”. The terms "LEGAL" and "LAWYER" are nearly identical in meaning and commercial
`impression because, as established in the Final Office action, the terms “LEGAL” and “LAWYER”
`both refer to the practice of law, with lawyers providing legal services.  Consumer confusion has been
`held likely for marks that do not physically sound or look alike but that convey the same idea, stimulate
`the same mental reaction, or may have the same overall meaning. Proctor & Gamble Co. v. Conway,
`419 F.2d 1332, 1336, 164 USPQ 301, 304 (C.C.P.A. 1970) (holding MISTER STAIN likely to be
`confused with MR. CLEAN on competing cleaning products); see In re M. Serman & Co., 223 USPQ
`52, 53 (TTAB 1984) (holding CITY WOMAN for ladies’ blouses likely to be confused with CITY
`GIRL for a variety of female clothing); H. Sichel Sohne, GmbH v. John Gross & Co., 204 USPQ 257,
`260-61 (TTAB 1979) (holding BLUE NUN for wines likely to be confused with BLUE CHAPEL for
`the same goods); Ralston Purina Co. v. Old Ranchers Canning Co., 199 USPQ 125, 128 (TTAB 1978)
`(holding TUNA O’ THE FARM for canned chicken likely to be confused with CHICKEN OF THE
`SEA for canned tuna); Downtowner Corp. v. Uptowner Inns, Inc., 178 USPQ 105, 109 (TTAB 1973)
`(holding UPTOWNER for motor
`inn and restaurant services
`likely
`to be confused with
`DOWNTOWNER for the same services); TMEP §1207.01(b). 
`
`The marks “1-800-NY-LEGAL" and "1-800-NY-ABOGADO" are therefore nearly identical in
`meaning, and overall commercial impression because they both refer to a toll-free phone number for
`New York legal services. Applicant asserts that “a consumer would not see two telephone numbers
`
`

`

`with completely different terms in different languages and believe them to be the same.” However,
`since both marks are for legal-related services, and share the identical prefix of “1-800-NY-”, it is
`likely that consumers would understand “1-800-NY-ABOGADO" to be for Spanish-speaking
`customers, while "1-800-NY-LEGAL" is for English-speaking customers, with the services therein
`provided by the same New York-based company, brand, or business. When comparing marks, “[t]he
`proper test is not a side-by-side comparison of the marks, but instead whether the marks are sufficiently
`similar in terms of their commercial impression such that [consumers] who encounter the marks would
`be likely to assume a connection between the parties.” Cai v. Diamond Hong, Inc., 901 F.3d 1367,
`1373, 127 USPQ2d 1797, 1801 (Fed. Cir. 2018) (quoting Coach Servs., Inc. v. Triumph Learning LLC,
`668 F.3d 1356, 1368, 101 USPQ2d 1713, 1721 (Fed. Cir. 2012)); TMEP §1207.01(b). The proper focus
`is on the recollection of the average purchaser, who retains a general rather than specific impression of
`trademarks. In re Ox Paperboard, LLC, 2020 USPQ2d 10878, at *4 (TTAB 2020) (citing In re Bay
`State Brewing Co., 117 USPQ2d 1958, 1960 (TTAB 2016)); In re Inn at St. John’s, LLC, 126 USPQ2d
`1742, 1746 (TTAB 2018); TMEP §1207.01(b); see In re St. Helena Hosp., 774 F.3d 747, 750-51, 113
`USPQ2d 1082, 1085 (Fed. Cir. 2014).  The attached article from Legal Conversion Center discusses the
`importance of providing accommodations for Spanish-speaking clients, stating “it is essential for law
`firms to offer Spanish support as part of their intake process.” See attached. The attached evidence from
`the Legal Services of New Jersey website shows a list of community resources specifically for Spanish-
`speakers, including legal assistance resources. See attached. The Rodriguez Law Firm website
`advertises bilingual services for English and Spanish-speaking clients, and has alternate versions of its
`website depending on the preferred language of the client. See attached. This evidence establishes that,
`in the United States, Spanish-speaking customers seeking legal services are accustomed to seeing
`services advertised in their native Spanish language. 
`
`Next, applicant provides a list of third-party registrations for legal services including various
`combinations of the terms “1-800”, “LAWYER”, “LAW”, and/or “ATTORNEY”, as well as its
`registered marks for “1-800-FL-LEGAL”,
` “1-800-MA-LEGAL”,
` and “1-800-BOS-LEGAL”,
` However, the cited registered mark “1-800-NY-ABOGADO" and applied-for mark "1-800-NY-
`LEGAL" are the only marks combining “1-800” and “NY” with a law-related term.  Marks may be
`confusingly similar in appearance where similar terms or similar parts of terms appear in the compared
`marks and create a similar overall commercial impression.  See Crocker Nat’l Bank v. Canadian
`Imperial Bank of Com., 228 USPQ 689, 690-91 (TTAB 1986) (holding COMMCASH and
`COMMUNICASH confusingly similar), aff’d sub nom. Canadian Imperial Bank of Com. v. Wells
`Fargo Bank, N.A., 811 F.2d 1490, 1492, 1495, 1 USPQ2d 1813, 1814-15, 1817 (Fed. Cir. 1987); In re
`Corning Glass Works, 229 USPQ 65, 66 (TTAB 1985) (holding CONFIRM and CONFIRMCELLS
`confusingly similar); In re Pellerin Milnor Corp., 221 USPQ 558, 560 (TTAB 1983) (holding
`MILTRON and MILLTRONICS confusingly similar); Sun Elec. Corp. v. Sun Oil Co., 196 USPQ 450,
`452 (TTAB 1977) (holding SUNELECT and SUN ELECTRIC confusingly similar); In re BASF
`Aktiengesellschaft, 189 USPQ 424, 424 (TTAB 1976) (holding LUTEX and LUTEXAL confusingly
`similar); TMEP §1207.01(b)(ii)-(iii).  The identical “1-800-NY-” in the marks indicates the services
`therein are provided in New York, to New York clients, which differentiates the meaning and
`commercial impression from the applicant’s registrations for Florida, Massachusetts, and Boston legal
`services. The registrations applicant provides showing “1-800” and “HURT” or “INJURED used in
`various combinations does not obviate the overall similarity between “1-800-NY-LEGAL” and “1-800-
`NY-ABOGADO”.  Prior decisions and actions of other trademark examining attorneys in applications
`for other marks have little evidentiary value and are not binding upon the USPTO or the Trademark
`Trial and Appeal Board. TMEP §1207.01(d)(vi); see In re USA Warriors Ice Hockey Program, Inc.,
`122 USPQ2d 1790, 1793 n.10 (TTAB 2017). Each case is decided on its own facts, and each mark
`stands on its own merits. In re Cordua Rests., Inc., 823 F.3d 594, 600, 118 USPQ2d 1632, 1635 (Fed.
`
`

`

`Cir. 2016) (citing In re Shinnecock Smoke Shop, 571 F.3d 1171, 1174, 91 USPQ2d 1218, 1221 (Fed.
`Cir. 2009); In re Nett Designs, Inc., 236 F.3d 1339, 1342, 57 USPQ2d 1564, 1566 (Fed. Cir.
`2001)). Moreover, the existence on the register of other seemingly similar marks does not provide a
`basis for registrability of the applied-for mark. See Sock It To Me, Inc. v. Aiping Fan, 2020 USPQ2d
`10611, at *9 (TTAB 2020) (quoting AMF Inc. v. Am. Leisure Prods., Inc., 474 F.2d 1403, 1406, 177
`USPQ 268, 269 (C.C.P.A. 1973)).
`
`Finally, the applicant argues that the registrant’s legal referral services are unrelated to its legal
`services. However, the fact that the goods and/or services of the parties differ is not controlling in
`determining likelihood of confusion. The issue is not likelihood of confusion between particular goods
`and/or services, but likelihood of confusion as to the source or sponsorship of those goods and/or
`services. In re Majestic Distilling Co., 315 F.3d 1311, 1316, 65 USPQ2d 1201, 1205 (Fed. Cir. 2003);
`In re Shell Oil Co., 992 F.2d 1204, 1208, 26 USPQ2d 1687, 1689 (Fed. Cir. 1993); TMEP §1207.01.
`Here, while the applicant’s own website promotes its legal services, it also features a page providing
`information about “Attorney Referrals.” See attached. This "Attorney Referrals" page of applicant's
`website solicits legal referrals for the applicant's legal services, stating “by referring [emphasis added]
`cases to Rubenstein Law our reputation can lead [sic] better fees for you without the outlay of time and
`resources.” See attached.  The applicant’s website advertises that applicant has “paid out over $6
`million in referral [emphasis added] fees in the last five years,” and emphasizes their “track record of
`successfully collaborating with law firms around the country through referrals [emphasis added], joint
`ventures, and co-counsel.” See attached. Applicant’s website features a referral submission form for
`joining its referral network, and provides referral fees for their “Rubenstein Law referral [emphasis
`added]  partner[s].” See attached. This evidence from applicant's website  shows a direct correlation
`between legal services and legal referral services as being mutually beneficial,  establishing that  the
`relevant services are provided through the same trade channels and are similar or complementary in
`terms of purpose or function. Thus, applicant’s and registrant’s services are considered related for
`likelihood of confusion purposes.  See, e.g., In re Davey Prods. Pty Ltd., 92 USPQ2d 1198, 1202-04
`(TTAB 2009); In re Toshiba Med. Sys. Corp., 91 USPQ2d 1266, 1268-69, 1271-72 (TTAB 2009).  An
`examining attorney need not establish that every good or service listed in the application is related to
`the goods and/or services in the cited registration(s).  In a likelihood of confusion analysis, it is
`sufficient to establish relatedness for one good or service in the refused class(es).  MLB Players Ass’n
`v. Chisena, 2023 USPQ2d 444, at *18 (TTAB 2023) (quoting DeVivo v. Ortiz, 2020 USPQ2d 10153, at
`*11 (TTAB 2020)); In re Info. Builders Inc., 2020 USPQ2d 10444, at *2 (TTAB 2020) (citing SquirtCo
`v. Tomy Corp., 697 F.2d 1038, 1041, 216 USPQ 937, 938-39 (Fed. Cir. 1983); Tuxedo Monopoly, Inc.
`v. Gen. Mills Fun Grp., 648 F.2d 1335, 1336, 209 USPQ 986, 988 (C.C.P.A. 1981)).
`
`The overriding concern is not only to prevent buyer confusion as to the source of the goods and/or
`services, but to protect the registrant from adverse commercial impact due to use of a similar mark by a
`newcomer. See In re Shell Oil Co., 992 F.2d 1204, 1208, 26 USPQ2d 1687, 1690 (Fed. Cir. 1993).
`Therefore, any doubt regarding a likelihood of confusion determination is resolved in favor of the
`registrant. TMEP §1207.01(d)(i); see Hewlett-Packard Co. v. Packard Press, Inc., 281 F.3d 1261,
`1265, 62 USPQ2d 1001, 1003 (Fed. Cir. 2002); In re Hyper Shoppes (Ohio), Inc., 837 F.2d 463, 464-
`65, 6 USPQ2d 1025, 1026 (Fed. Cir. 1988).
`
`Therefore, the likelihood of confusion refusal is maintained and the applicant's request for
`reconsideration is denied.
`
`If applicant has already filed an appeal with the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, the Board will
`be notified to resume the appeal.   See TMEP §715.04(a).  
`
`

`

`
`If applicant has not filed an appeal and time remains in the response period for the final Office
`action, applicant has the remainder of that time to (1) file another request for reconsideration that
`complies with and/or overcomes any outstanding final requirement(s) and/or refusal(s), and/or (2) file a
`notice of appeal to the Board.  TMEP §715.03(a)(ii)(B).
`
`
`/Alexandra Foster/
`Alexandra Foster
`Examining Attorney
`LO117--LAW OFFICE 117
`(571) 272-5111
`Alexandra.Foster1@USPTO.GOV
`
`
`
`

`

`RIRY BENSTEIN LAW.
`PERSONAL INJURY LAWYERS
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`Join Our Referral Network
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`ame setNae) tl)
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`Attorney Referrals
`ORsSyRR ig gid
`PA JOIN OUR NETWORK
`~~Rubenstein Law
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`Trial Attorneys
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`made lightly. We want you to know that clients will be in the best
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`have a track record of successfully collaborating with law firms
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`EVEES Oe were
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`
`
`Article History
`
`U.S. state and territory
`abbreviations
`& Print
`
`7] Cite
`
`Written by Amy Tikkanen
`Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
`
`[& Feedback
`
`<<" Share
`
`= Table of Contents
`
`United States of America Map showing the
`states and capitals of the United States.
`
`Who came up with U.S. state abbreviations? We can
`largely thank the U.S. Postal Service (USPS), which has created abbreviations during much of
`its history. In 1831 the USPS developed itsfirst list of state abbreviations, each consisting of
`two letters except Ohio’s, which was simply “O.” In 1874 the list was updated to include new
`states, and longer abbreviations were introduced, largely to avoid confusion. The next
`significant change occurred in 1963 when the Post Office went back to two-letter abbreviations.
`Why? Because ZIP codes were adopted that year, and, owing to the limitations of addressing
`equipment, abbreviations had to be shortened to make room for the numbers. While the two-
`letter abbreviations are nowpreferred, the earlier versions continue to be widelyused. In the
`table below, we provide abbreviations for each U.S. state and territory.
`
`U.S. state or territory
`Alabama
`
`Alaska
`
`AL
`
`AK
`
`postal abbreviation
`
`traditional abbreviation*
`
`Ala
`
`N/A
`
`

`

`American Samoa
`
`Arizona
`
`Arkansas
`
`California
`
`Colorado
`
`Connecticut
`
`Delaware
`
`District of Columbia
`
`Florida
`
`Georgia
`Guam
`
`Hawaii
`
`Idaho
`
`Illinois
`
`Indiana
`
`lowa
`
`Kansas
`
`AZ
`
`AR
`
`cA
`
`co
`
`cT
`
`BE
`
`DC
`
`FL
`
`GA
`
`GU
`
`HI
`
`KS.
`
`KY
`
`AS.
`
`Ark.
`
`Calif.
`
`Calo.
`
`Conn.
`
`Del.
`
`Dc.
`
`Fla.
`
`Ga,
`
`N/A
`
`N/A
`
`N/A
`
`il.
`
`ind.
`
`N/A
`
`Kans. or Kan.
`
`Ky.
`La.
`
`
`
`Sun-Kissed
`
`Savings Sale
`Save Up To 40%
`
`
`
`Sun-RKissed
`
`Savings Sale
`Save Up To 40%
`iat
`
`
`
`Sun-Rissed.
`
`
`
`Savings Sale
`Save Up To 40%
`tale
`
`
`
`
`
`Sun-Kissed
`
`Savings Sale
`Save Up To 40%
`etna tng
`
`
`
`Sun-hissed
`
`Savings Sale
`Save Up To 40%
`ereated
`
`Kentucky
`Louisiana
`
`Maine
`
`Maryland
`Massachusetts
`
`Michigan
`Minnesota
`
`Mississippi
`Missourt
`
`Montana
`
`Nebraska
`
`Nevada
`
`New Hampshire
`
`New Jersey
`
`New Mexico
`
`North Carolina
`
`North Dakota
`
`LA
`
`ME
`
`Mo
`
`MA
`
`MI
`
`MN
`
`Ms
`
`MO
`
`MT
`
`NE
`
`NV
`
`NH
`
`NJ
`
`NM
`
`Ne
`
`ND
`
`Me.
`
`Md.
`
`Mass.
`
`Mich.
`
`Minn.
`
`Miss.
`
`Mo.
`
`Mont.
`
`Nebr. or Neb.
`
`Nev.
`
`N.H.
`
`NJ
`
`NLM. or N.Mex.
`
`N.C,
`
`N.D. or N.Dak.
`
`

`

`Northern Mariana Islands
`
`Ohio
`
`Oklahoma
`Oregon
`
`Pennsylvania
`
`Puerta Rico
`
`Me
`
`OH
`
`OK
`OR
`
`PA
`
`PR
`
`M.P.
`
`N/A
`
`Okla.
`Ore. or Oreg,
`
`Pa. or Penn.
`
`BR.
`
`Sun-Kissed
`:
`:
`Savings Sale
`Save Up To 40%
`
`ie
`
`oe
`;
`Sun-kissed
`
`Sav ings Sale
`Rl.
`Ri
`Rhode Island
`
`meeestTees SRE
`South Caralina
`sc
`sc.
`Save| p To 40%
`
`South Dakota isteraetdsD S.Dak.
`
`
`
`
`
`estimated population. (This list does not includethe capital of the United States, Washington,
`
`This is a list of the cities that are state capitals in the United States, ordered alphabetically by
`state. The list also provides the most recent U.S. census population for eachcity as well as an
`
`Tennessee
`
`Texas
`
`U.S. Virgin Islands
`
`Utah
`Vermont
`
`Virginia
`
`Washington
`
`West Virginia
`Wisconsin
`
`Wyoming
`
`TN
`
`TX
`
`vi
`
`UT
`VT
`
`VA
`
`WA
`
`wy
`WI
`
`wy
`
`Tenn.
`
`Tex.
`
`Vi
`
`N/A
`Vt
`
`Va.
`
`Wash.
`
`W.Va.
`Wis, or Wisc.
`
`Wyo.
`
`*Included are previous postal abbreviations and other commonly used abbreviations. N/A indicates states that do not have such
`abbreviations.
`
`Amy Tikkanen
`
`Sun-Kissed
`
`Savings Sale
`Save Up To 40%
`
`ced
`
`list of state capitals in the United States
`© Print @ Cite
`=< Share
`BB Feedback
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`Written by World Data Editors
`Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
`Article History
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`=: Table of Contents
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`Espafiol | fear|Tagalog | Tiéng Viét| oO]
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`Toll free numbers are telephone numbers with distinct three-digit codes that can be dialed from landlines with no charge to the person placing
`the call. Such numbersallow callers to reach businesses and individuals out of the area without being charged a long-distance fee forthe call.
`
`Toll free numbers are particularly common for customer-service calling. Toll free service has traditionally provided potential customers and
`others with a free and convenient way to contact businesses. Wireless callers, however,will be charged for the airtime minutes used during a
`toll free call unless they have an "unlimited calling” plan.
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`Customers can also send text messages to toll free numbers, so long as those numbersare "text enabled," and businesses can send texts in
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`Although 800, 888,
`Toll free numbers are numbers that begin with one ofthe following three-digit c
`Id reach a different
`877, 866, 855, 844 and 833areall toll free codes, they are not interchangeable.
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`recipient than dialing that numberusing a 1-888 prefi
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`How aretoll free numbers assigned?
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`The FCC assigns most toll free numbers on a first-come.first-served basis. Toll free subscribers choose entities called "Responsible
`Organizations" or "RespOrgs" to reserve numbers on their behalf and to manage and administer the appropriate records forthe toll free
`subscribers. Many RespOrgs also provide toll free service. RespOrgs have access to a toll free database that contains information regarding the
`status ofall toll free numbers. Somos,Inc., administrator of the toll free number database, certifies RespOrgs.
`
`The FCC made certain numbersin the 833 toll free code available via an auction. The 833 Auction is an experiment to determine how to use
`competitive bidding ta mosteffectively assign toll free numbers, For more information about the 833 Auction, visit http://auction.somos.cam.
`
`You can contact a RespOrg if you want to obtain a toll free number.If you need help locating a RespOrg,call or text the Somos Help Desk at 1-
`844-HEY SOMOS (1-844-439-7666), or visit www.somos.com/find-a-toll-free-number for assistance.
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`The FCC's role
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`The FCC sets the rules for getting and using toll free numbers. The FCC requires that toll free numbers be portable, meaning that a subscriber
`can "port," or move, their number to a new RespOrg when changing service providers.
`
`However, the FCC is notinvolved in the actual assignment of toll free numbers and cannot access the number database. Nor can the FCC
`provide any information about the status of a number.
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`Whatis a vanity number?
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`A "vanity" numberis a toll free telephone number that spells a name, word or acronym chosen by the subscriber, such as 1-800-FLOWERSor 1-
`888-NEW-CARS.
`
`‘Warehousing.’ ‘hoarding’ and ‘brokering’ toll free numbers
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`FCC rules prohibit RespOrgs from "warehousing" toll free numbers. A RespOrg may notlegally reserve a toll free number without having an
`actual toll free subscriber for whom the numberis being reserved. RespOrgs who warehouse numbers are subject to penalties.
`
`"Hoarding" by subscribersis similarly prohibited by FCC rules. A subscriber may not acquire moretoll free numbers than the subscriber
`intends to use. Hoarding also includes the illegal practice of "number brokering" — the selling or offering to sell a toll free number.
`
`The FCC has provided an exceptionto the rules prohibiting warehousing, hoarding. and number brokering for numbers assignedvia
`competitive bidding, such as the numbers assigned in the 833 Auction.
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`Printable Version
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`What Is a Toll Free Number and How DoesIt Work? (pdf)
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`Date Last Updated/Reviewed:Tuesday, December 31, 2019
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`Bureau/Office:
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`Tags:
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`10/8/2024 1:34:03 PM
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`https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/what-toll-free-number-and-how-does-it-work
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