Trademark Trial and Appeal Board Electronic Filing System. http://estta.uspto.gov
`ESTTA1112494
`02/05/2021
`
`ESTTA Tracking number:
`
`Filing date:
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`BEFORE THE TRADEMARK TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`Notice of Opposition
`
`Notice is hereby given that the following party opposes registration of the indicated application.
`
`Opposer Information
`
`Name
`
`Granted to Date
`of previous ex-
`tension
`
`Address
`
`Attorney informa-
`tion
`
`Jake Wood
`
`02/06/2021
`
`2025 S AIRPORT BLVD
`CHANDLER, AZ 85286
`UNITED STATES
`
`DANIEL R. POTE
`JENNINGS, STROUSS & SALMON PLC
`ONE EAST WASHINGTON STREET
`SUITE 1900
`PHOENIX, AZ 85004
`UNITED STATES
`Primary Email: trademarks@jsslaw.com
`Secondary Email(s): dpote@jsslaw.com, lsmith@jsslaw.com,
`jpursell@jsslaw.com, mnorton@jsslaw.com
`602-262-5832
`
`Docket Number
`
`63470-164
`
`Applicant Information
`
`Application No.
`
`88820239
`
`Publication date
`
`12/08/2020
`
`Opposition Filing
`Date
`
`Applicant
`
`02/05/2021
`
`Invite Health, Inc.
`900 SHAMES DRIVE
`WESTBURY, NY 11590
`UNITED STATES
`
`Opposition Peri-
`od Ends
`
`02/06/2021
`
`Goods/Services Affected by Opposition
`
`Class 005. First Use: 0 First Use In Commerce: 0
`All goods and services in the class are opposed, namely: Dietary supplements; Nutritional supple-
`ments
`
`Grounds for Opposition
`
`Priority and likelihood of confusion
`
`Trademark Act Section 2(d)
`
`Dilution by blurring
`
`Dilution by tarnishment
`
`Trademark Act Sections 2 and 43(c)
`
`Trademark Act Sections 2 and 43(c)
`
`

`

`Marks Cited by Opposer as Basis for Opposition
`
`U.S. Registration
`No.
`
`1340659
`
`Registration Date
`
`06/11/1985
`
`Application Date
`
`04/02/1984
`
`Foreign Priority
`Date
`
`NONE
`
`Word Mark
`
`Design Mark
`
`Description of
`Mark
`
`Goods/Services
`
`FLEX
`
`NONE
`
`Class 016. First use: First Use: 1983/02/15 First Use In Commerce: 1983/02/15
`Monthly Magazine Relating to Exercise and Fitness
`
`U.S. Registration
`No.
`
`2186743
`
`Registration Date
`
`09/01/1998
`
`Application Date
`
`01/24/1997
`
`Foreign Priority
`Date
`
`NONE
`
`Word Mark
`
`Design Mark
`
`Description of
`Mark
`
`Goods/Services
`
`Attachments
`
`FLEX
`
`NONE
`
`Class 042. First use: First Use: 1997/04/00 First Use In Commerce: 1997/04/00
`computer services, namely, providing on-line magazines in the field of health
`and fitness; and providing information inthe field of health and fitness via a glob-
`al communication information network site
`
`Opposition_Notice_63470_164.pdf(165261 bytes )
`Exhibits_A_B.pdf(811210 bytes )
`Exhibit_C1.pdf(5535801 bytes )
`Exhibit_C2.pdf(3172278 bytes )
`Exhibit_C3.pdf(4856722 bytes )
`Exhibit_C4.pdf(4471797 bytes )
`Exhibit_D.pdf(5954216 bytes )
`Exhibits_E_F.pdf(5454104 bytes )
`Exhibit_G.pdf(3155375 bytes )
`
`Signature
`
`/Daniel R. Pote/
`
`Name
`
`Date
`
`DANIEL R. POTE
`
`02/05/2021
`
`

`

`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`BEFORE THE TRADEMARK TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`Opposition No.
`
`_______________________
`
`Serial No. 88/820,239
`
`Mark: FLEX HX
`
`) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
`
`Jake Wood, Individually, and as the
`owner of JW Holdings LLC,
`
`Opposer,
`
`vs.
`
`Invite Health, Inc.,
`
`Applicant.
`
`NOTICE OF OPPOSITION
`
`Jake Wood, a United States Citizen, individually, and as the owner of JW Holdings LLC,
`
`a Nevada Limited Liability Company (hereinafter “Opposer”), believes he will be damaged by
`
`registration of Application Serial No. 88/820,239 (“the Application”) filed March 4, 2020 and
`
`published December 8, 2020 in the name of Invite Health, Inc., for the mark “FLEX HX”, and
`
`pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1063(a) and having been previously granted an extension of time to
`
`oppose, hereby opposes the same and requests that registration of the Application be refused.
`
`As grounds for opposition, Opposer alleges as follows:
`
`1.
`
`Opposer and his predecessors in interest have, continuously since at least the early
`
`1980s, used in commerce the trademark FLEX and FLEX-formative trademarks (referred to
`
`hereinafter, collectively, as the “FLEX Marks”) to identify a famous, internationally distributed
`
`Attorney Docket No. 63470-164
`
`

`

`print magazine devoted to the fields of exercise, health, fitness, nutrition, and bodybuilding.
`
`Opposer and his predecessors in interest have further provided online versions of FLEX magazines
`
`and related publications under the FLEX Marks to the public for more than two decades.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`Opposer is the owner of all right, title, and interest in and the FLEX Marks.
`
`Opposer and his predecessors in interest have widely and extensively used the
`
`FLEX Marks in connection with magazines and online publications dedicated to exercise, health,
`
`fitness, nutrition, and bodybuilding since long prior to the filing date of the Applicant’s application.
`
`4.
`
`Opposer owns the valid and subsisting United States Trademark Registration
`
`Number 1,340,659 (“the ‘659 Registration”) for the FLEX trademark registered June, 11, 1985 in
`
`connection with “Monthly magazine relating to exercise and fitness” in International Class 16.
`
`The ‘659 Registration claims a first use in commerce date of February 15, 1983. Exhibit A is a
`
`copy of the registration certificate for the ‘659 Registration for the FLEX trademark.
`
`5.
`
`Opposer owns the valid and subsisting United States Trademark Registration
`
`Number 2,186,743 (“the ‘743 Registration”) for the FLEX trademark registered September 1, 1998
`
`in connection with “Computer services, namely, providing on-line magazines in the field of health
`
`and fitness; and providing information in the field of health and fitness via a global communication
`
`information network site” in International Class 42. The ‘743 Registration claims a first use in
`
`commerce date of April 1997. Exhibit B is a copy of the registration certificate for the ‘743
`
`Registration for the FLEX trademark.
`
`6.
`
`Both the ‘659 Registration and the ‘743 Registration have become incontestable
`
`within the meaning of Section 15 of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1065. Therefore, these
`
`registrations constitute prima facie evidence of the validity of the marks and registrations, and of
`
`2
`
`

`

`Opposer’s ownership of the exclusive right to use the marks in connection with the goods set forth
`
`in the registrations.
`
`7.
`
`Since at least as early as 1983, Opposer and his predecessors in interest have used
`
`an international family of trademarks and trade names comprising or including the word “Flex” in
`
`connection with print magazines and publications in the field of exercise, health, fitness, nutrition,
`
`and bodybuilding (the “FLEX Marks”). Exhibit C consists of examples of Opposer’s FLEX Marks
`
`on print publications.
`
`8.
`
`Since as early as the 1990s, Opposer and his predecessors in interest have used an
`
`international family of trademarks and trade names comprising or including the word “Flex” in
`
`connection with online articles, blogs, publications and various digital content in the field of
`
`exercise, health, fitness, nutrition, and bodybuilding, examples of which are displayed in Exhibit
`
`D.
`
`9.
`
`Since at least as early as 1997, and his predecessors in interest have used the FLEX
`
`Marks in connection with exercise, health, fitness, nutrition, and bodybuilding magazines online
`
`via Opposer’s website. Exhibit E features current articles available on Opposer’s website.
`
`10.
`
`Opposer and his predecessors in interest have extensively and globally promoted
`
`the FLEX Marks and their associated goods and services to the public through various channels of
`
`trade for more than 37 years.
`
`11.
`
`Opposer owns a global portfolio of valid registrations for the FLEX Marks,
`
`including FLEX in Argentina (Registration Numbers 2792315 and 2731309), Australia
`
`(Registration No. 792055), Austria (Registration No. 174377), Benelux (Registration No. 698930),
`
`Canada (Registration No. TMA283742), Czech Republic (Registration No. 223102), France
`
`(Registration No. 98727683), Germany (Registration No. 1094282), Greece (Registration No.
`
`3
`
`

`

`102829), Hong Kong (Registration No. 199813138), Hungary (Registration No. 158629), Ireland
`
`(Registration No. 209899), Italy (Registration No. 0000816092), Poland (Registration No.
`
`R.132212), Portugal (Registration No. 334790), Romania (Registration No. 047906), Russian
`
`Federation (Registration No. 204044), Slovakia (Registration No. 191412), Switzerland
`
`(Registration No. 453540), Taiwan (Registration No. 00872046), Turkey (Registration No.
`
`201347186), Ukraine (Registration No. 24787), United Kingdom (Registration No. 1245417), as
`
`well as FLEX WEIDER in Mexico (Registration Numbers 1625282, 1625283 & 1625284), JOE
`
`WEIDER'S FLEX
`
`in India (Registration No. 3281952), and JOE WEIDER FLEX
`
`MEGAFITNESS in Spain (Registration No. M1977498).
`
`12.
`
`Applicant, Invite Health, Inc. (“Applicant”), filed the Application on March 4, 2020
`
`to register the subject Intent-to-Use United States Trademark Application Serial Number
`
`88/820,239 (i.e. FLEX HX) as a trademark for “Dietary supplements; Nutritional supplements”.
`
`COUNT I
`LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION
`15 U.S.C. § 1052(d)
`
`13.
`
`Paragraphs 1 - 12 are hereby incorporated by reference.
`
`14.
`
`The FLEX Marks embody substantial goodwill across the United States, and
`
`internationally.
`
`15.
`
`The FLEX Marks are recognized and relied on by consumers to identify Opposer
`
`as the source of the goods and services promoted under the FLEX Marks and to distinguish them
`
`from the goods and services of others.
`
`16.
`
`By virtue of Opposer’s and his predecessors’ widespread and continuous use and
`
`promotion of the FLEX Marks to identify Opposer’s goods and services and Opposer as the source
`
`4
`
`

`

`of the goods and services, Opposer owns valid and subsisting federal statutory and common law
`
`rights to the FLEX Marks.
`
`17.
`
`Opposer has both priority of use and registration over Applicant for Applicant’s
`
`Application, and thus Opposer’s rights in the FLEX Marks precede any rights Applicant may have
`
`in the subject mark of Applicant’s Trademark Application.
`
`18.
`
`Applicant’s Application contains the same characters as Opposer’s ‘659 and ‘743
`
`Registrations, the only difference being the unsubstantial addition of the letters “HX.”
`
`19.
`
`Applicant’s virtually identical FLEX HX application so resembles Opposer’s
`
`FLEX Marks in sight, sound, meaning, and commercial impression as to be likely to cause
`
`confusion or mistake in the minds of the public, deceive, or lead the public and prospective
`
`purchasers into believing Applicant’s goods are those of Opposer or are endorsed or sponsored by,
`
`or otherwise affiliated or connected with Opposer, or that Opposer’s goods and services are
`
`associated with Applicant, all to the damage injury to the purchasing public and Opposer.
`
`20.
`
`The goods claimed in Applicant’s Application are closely related to the goods and
`
`services claimed in Opposer’s FLEX Marks because dietary supplements and vitamins are
`
`commonly and logically associated with exercise and fitness nutrition.
`
`21.
`
`Opposer’s goods and services frequently include content related to, reviews of, and
`
`articles about nutritional and dietary supplements, as clearly demonstrated in Exhibits C - E. A
`
`keyword search of Opposer’s website for “supplements” returned 1,649 articles and publications,
`
`as demonstrated in Exhibit F.
`
`22.
`
`Applicant’s Application does not limit the channels of trade in which its goods are
`
`offered, therefore, it is presumed that Applicant’s goods travel in the same channels of trade as
`
`Opposer’s goods and services.
`
`5
`
`

`

`23.
`
`Applicant’s Application does not limit the pool of consumers to which its goods are
`
`offered; therefore, it is presumed that Applicant’s goods are marketed to all consumers normal for
`
`dietary and nutritional supplements.
`
`24.
`
`Use of Applicant’s mark is likely to falsely suggest a relationship between
`
`Applicant’s goods and services and Opposer, allowing Applicant to benefit from the goodwill
`
`associated with Opposer’s FLEX Marks.
`
`25.
`
`The use and application by Applicant of Applicant’s FLEX HX mark is without
`
`Opposer’s consent and is likely to cause confusion in the minds of consumers as to the source,
`
`affiliation, endorsement, and/or association between Applicant, Opposer, and their respective
`
`goods and services. Such use may cause a significant level of misplaced purchases of Applicant’s
`
`goods by consumers who would be misled by the use of Applicant’s mark into believing that
`
`Opposer is the source of, or associated with, Applicant’s goods and services.
`
`26.
`
`Registration of Applicant’s applied-for mark will likely cause injury to Opposer’
`
`reputation and will injure and impair Opposer’ rights in the FLEX Marks by causing confusion,
`
`mistake, and/or deception as to the respective rights of the parties and as to the source or
`
`sponsorship of goods and services.
`
`27.
`
`Applicant’s FLEX HX mark substantially incorporates Opposer’s FLEX Marks.
`
`The respective goods and services of Opposer and Applicant are extremely highly related and are
`
`presumed to travel in the same channels of trade to the same consumers.
`
`28.
`
`Given Opposer’s and his predecessors in interests’ prior use and common law
`
`rights, Applicant’s FLEX HX mark, when used in connection with the goods identified in
`
`Application Number 88/820,239, is likely to cause confusion and mistake as to the source,
`
`6
`
`

`

`sponsorship, affiliation, endorsement, and/or association between Applicant, Opposer, and their
`
`respective goods and services under Section 2(d) of the Trademark Act.
`
`29.
`
`The use and application by Applicant of Applicant’s FLEX HX mark is without
`
`Opposer’s consent and Opposer will be damaged by Applicant’s use of the FLEX HX mark, and
`
`issuance of the registration sought by application would give color of exclusive statutory rights to
`
`Applicant in violation and derogation of the prior and superior rights of Opposer.
`
`30.
`
`Registration of Applicant’s FLEX HX mark is inconsistent with Opposer’s rights
`
`under the ‘659 Registration and the ‘743 Registration, and would provide Applicant with rights
`
`that interfere with Opposer’s rights in the FLEX Marks and the ‘659 Registration and the ‘743
`
`Registration.
`
`31.
`
`Opposer has the right to continue using the FLEX Marks in connection with
`
`Opposer’s goods and services without interference by Applicant and without a likelihood of
`
`consumer confusion, mistake, or deception.
`
`32.
`
`Accordingly, registration of Applications proposed FLEX HX mark is barred by
`
`the provisions of 15 U.S.C. § 1052(d) on the grounds that Applicant’s mark so resembles
`
`Opposer’s FLEX Marks as to cause confusion, mistake and/or deception, all to the damage of
`
`Opposer.
`
`33.
`
`In view of the foregoing, Opposer believes that Applicant is not entitled to federal
`
`registration of FLEX HX, pursuant to Section 2(d) of the Trademark Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1052(d).
`
`7
`
`

`

`COUNT II
`DILUTION
`15 U.S.C. § 1125(c)
`
`34.
`
`Opposer repeats and re-alleges each and every allegation set forth in paragraphs 1-
`
`33 as though fully set forth herein.
`
`35.
`
`Opposer and his predecessors in interest have invested substantial time, effort, and
`
`resources for nearly forty years to extensively advertise and promote FLEX Marks and the goods
`
`and services provided under the FLEX Marks.
`
`36.
`
`For many years, and long prior to Applicant’s filing of Application Serial No.
`
`88/820,239, Opposer and his predecessors in interest have offered exercise, health, fitness,
`
`bodybuilding, diet and nutrition information, advice, articles, and reviews specific to dietary and
`
`nutritional supplements under the FLEX Marks.
`
`37.
`
`For many years, and long prior to Applicant’s filing of Application Serial No.
`
`88/820,239, Opposer and his predecessors in interest have offered exercise, health, fitness,
`
`bodybuilding, dietary and nutritional supplement information and advice under the FLEX Marks
`
`at numerous public and bodybuilding events and at fitness events sponsored by FLEX magazines.
`
`38.
`
`Opposer and his predecessors in interest have a history of longstanding and
`
`extensive use of the FLEX Marks throughout the United States and in at least 27 foreign countries
`
`demonstrate the geographic reach of advertising and publicity of the mark. Exhibit G consists of
`
`samples of Opposer’s FLEX marks in use domestically and abroad.
`
`39.
`
`Since long prior to Applicant’s Application date, Opposer, his predecessors,
`
`affiliates and their respective affiliated and related entities, licensees and/or sponsors have
`
`promoted and advertised the sale and/or distribution of goods and services bearing or offered in
`
`8
`
`

`

`connection with Opposer’s Marks and have sold or distributed such goods and rendered such
`
`services in interstate and international commerce.
`
`40.
`
`Opposer’s FLEX Marks have acquired a highly favorable reputation among
`
`members of the purchasing public, and have become valuable symbols of Opposer’s goodwill.
`
`41.
`
`By virtue of the high degree of consumer recognition and acquired distinctiveness
`
`of the FLEX Marks, the long duration and extensive use of the FLEX Marks in connection with
`
`the goods and services in the fields of exercise, health, fitness, bodybuilding, diet and nutrition,
`
`the longevity and extensive advertising and promotion of the FLEX Marks, and the expansive
`
`trading area in which the FLEX Marks have been used, the FLEX Marks have become well-known
`
`and famous as distinctive indicators of the origin of Opposer’s goods and services, and were
`
`famous long before the filing date of Applicant’s FLEX HX Application.
`
`42.
`
`Opposer has developed considerable valuable goodwill in the FLEX Marks, which
`
`have become famous within the meaning of 15 U.S.C. § 1125(c).
`
`43.
`
`Any use by Applicant of the FLEX HX mark for the goods set forth in Application
`
`Serial No. 88/820,239 will occur long after Opposer’s FLEX Marks became famous.
`
`44.
`
`On information and belief, Applicant knew or had reason to know of Opposer’s
`
`prior rights in the FLEX Marks prior to filing the Application, and that use of the goods set forth
`
`in Application Serial No. 88/820,239 in connection with the virtually identical FLEX HX mark
`
`would cause dilution of Opposer’s prior and superior marks.
`
`45.
`
`The use and registration by Applicant of the FLEX HX mark for the goods set forth
`
`in Application Serial No. 88/820,239 is therefore likely to diminish, blur, and cause dilution of the
`
`distinctive quality of Opposer’s FLEX Marks to the great detriment of Opposer’s marks.
`
`9
`
`

`

`46.
`
`Use of Applicant’s mark will significantly damage Opposer and will cause Opposer
`
`to lose control of the good and valuable reputation represented by and derived from the goodwill
`
`imbued in Opposer’s marks.
`
`47.
`
`Use of Applicant’s opposed mark may cause dilution by tarnishment and impair the
`
`ability of the FLEX Marks to carry an association of quality and safety should issues arise with
`
`Applicant’s goods.
`
`48.
`
`Based on the foregoing, the grant of a registration for Applicant’s mark should be
`
`denied based on a likelihood of dilution of the distinctive quality of Opposer’s famous FLEX
`
`Marks, in violation of Section 43(c) of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1125(c).
`
`WHEREFORE, Opposer requests that this Opposition be sustained, that Application Serial
`
`Number 88/820,239 be rejected, and that the mark therein sought be refused registration.
`
`Respectfully Submitted this 5th day of February, 2021.
`
` /Daniel R. Pote/
`Daniel R. Pote
`dpote@jsslaw.com
`Jimmie W. Pursell
`jpursell@jsslaw.com
`Lauren R. Smith
`lsmith@jsslaw.com
`
`JENNINGS, STROUSS & SALMON, PLC
`One E. Washington, Suite 1900
`Phoenix, Arizona 85004
`Tel. (602) 262-5824
`Fax: (602) 495-2630
`Email: trademarks@jsslaw.com
`Attorneys for Opposer
`
`10
`
`

`

`CERTIFICATE OF FILING
`
`I, Daniel R. Pote, hereby certify that a true and complete copy of the foregoing NOTICE
`
`OF OPPOSITION was electronically filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office
`
`through the Electronic System for Trademark Trials and Appeals on this 5th day of February, 2021.
`
` /Daniel R. Pote/
` Daniel R. Pote
`
`11
`
`

`

`EXHIBIT A
`EXHIBIT A
`
`

`

`mfl'flpj} étfltfifi Of @1112r I
`Hannah §>tat25 iBatent anh wrahemark 0.9mm:
`It}?
`
`FLEX
`
`Reg. No. 1,340,659
`
`Jake Wood [LTNITED STATES INDIVIDUAL)
`2025 s Airpon Blvd
`Registered Jun' 11’ 1985 Chandler; ARIZONA 85286
`
`I
`0
`,
`New Cert Sep 22 2020
`
`Int. CL: 16
`
`Trademark
`
`Principal Register
`
`CLASS 16: Monthly Magazine Relating to Exercise and Fitness
`FIRST USE 2.1.1] 983: IN COMMERCE 245—198:
`1
`1
`SER. NO. 73-473.476. FILED 04-02-1984
`
`
`
`[Am/WW
`
`Director of the United States
`
`Patent and Trademark Office
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`EXHIBIT B
`EXHIBIT B
`
`

`

`“mfg étatefi of gum.r I
`Multan §>tate§ iBatent anti Erahetnark @fft’uz
`It}?
`
`FLEX
`
`Reg. No. 2,186,743
`
`Jake Wood (UNITED STATES INDIVIDUAL)
`2035 3 Airport Blvd
`Registered Sep. 019 1998 Chandler‘ ARIZONA 85286
`
`NEW ert.
`C
`Int. Cl.: 42
`
`sep
`
`' 22 2020
`9
`
`CLASS 42: computer services. namely. providing on-line magazines in the field ot‘health and
`fitness:
`and providing information in the field of health and fitness via
`a global
`communication information network site
`
`.
`Serv1ce Mark
`
`_
`_
`_
`Pr1nc1pal Register
`
`FIRST USE 4.004997; m COMMERCE 4-004997
`
`O\\'NER OF US. REG. NO. 13-10659
`
`SER. NO. 75—231.063. FILED 01-24-1997
`
`
`
`Aha“- W
`
`Director of the United States
`
`Patent and Trademark Office
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`EXHIBIT C
`EXHIBIT C
`
`EXHIBIT C
`
`1 of 16
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`

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`
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`EXHIBIT C
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`7 of 16
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`80f16
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`EXHIBIT C
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`11 of 16
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`EXHIBIT C
`12 of 16
`12 of 16
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`EXHIBIT C
`13 of 16
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`EXHIBIT C
`14 of 16
`14 of 16
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`15 of 16
`15 of 16
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`EXHIBIT C
`16 of 16
`16 of 16
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`

`EXHIBIT D
`EXHIBIT D
`
`

`

`2/2/2021
`
`Encyclopedia Of Supplements: A—F
`
`[E Protein Performance Weight Management Vitamin5&Health Clothing&Accesscries
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`Join BudyFit
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`Q
`
`
`
`Supplementation
`
`Encyclopedia Of Supplements: A-F
`Jim Stoppani PhD, FLEX
`September 24, 2018 - ® 20 min read
`
`The supplement market is packed with tough—to—pronounce ingredients in pills, powders, softgels and caps galore. Read this encylopedia; you won‘t be confused
`any more!
`
`With all the supplements on the market today, it's hard to figure out what each one does, how much to take, when to —
`take it, and so on. Which ones will pack on size? Which ones will help you get ripped the fastest? With so many
`questions, wouldn‘t it be great if you could go to one place that had all the answers to your supplement needs? Such a
`*****
`“19”)” recommended
`place doesn‘t exist, you say? It didn‘t-until now!
`on a dad" basis.
`
`FLEX feels your pain and has put together a list of every worthwhile supplement you‘re likely to encounter on your next
`trip to the store. Each is rated for effectiveness and broken down into categories with listed benefits. Plus, we tell you
`just how much to take and the best times of day (or night) to take them so that all of your hard work in the gym doesn‘t
`go to waste. If you were confused about supplements before, you won't be after you read this. So here‘s Part 1 ofthe
`FLEX Supplement Encyclopedia: A to F.
`
`
`
`***
`
`Effectiveness may be
`based on individual
`
` bury uilders
`
`NOTE: One-star supplements are not
`Included, as they may not be as
`beneficial or as essential as higherrated
`supplements.
`
`
`
`Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
`
`RATING: *‘k‘k‘kfi
`CATEGORIES: Mass Builder, Strength, Fat Loss
`BENEFITS: Adenosine triphosphate is a nucleic acid and major energy source for every cell in the body. But taking the supplemental form does not increase the
`amount of ATP within cells. It boosts blood levels of ATP, which increases blood flow to exercising muscles. ATP also reduces fat storage and burns more already-
`stored fat. One study reported that subjects taking ATP for 14 days increased their 1-rep max and the number of reps they could complete with a weight to failure.
`DOSAGE2125—250mg twice daily on an empty stomach.
`
`Agmatine
`
`https://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/the-encyclopedia-of—supplements-a-f.html
`
`1/12
`
`

`

`2/2/2021
`RATING: *‘k‘k‘kfi
`CATEGORIES: Mass Builder, Strength, Energy Production, Health
`BENEFITS: This by-product of the breakdown ofthe amino acid arginine boosts nitric oxide (NO) levels and the release ofinsulin (an anabolic hormone that
`increases muscle growth and dilates blood vessels to further boost blood flow). Agmatine can increase training intensity and strength for stronger muscle
`contractions while blunting pain to help you do more reps. It can even help boost the anabolic hormones testosterone and growth hormone (GH) and provides an
`antioxidant benefit for recovery.
`DOSAGE: 500-1,000mg 30-60 minutes before workouts.
`
`Encyclopedia Of Supplements: A-F
`
`Alpha-Gcherylphosphorylcholine (ALPHA-GPC)
`
`RATING: *‘k‘ki‘nfi'
`CATEGORIES: Mass Builder, Mental Acuity, Health
`BENEFITS: Derived from soy lecithin and a good source of choline, Alpha—GPC increases GH production by inhibiting a brain chemical that normally blocks it. One
`study reported that a single dose increased bench-press strength by 15%. It can enhance mental function by increasing acetylcholine production.
`DOSAGE: 250-500mg one hour before workouts and before bed.
`
`Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA)
`
`RATING: *‘k‘kfirfi
`CATEGORIES: Fat Loss, Health, Mass Builder
`BENEFITS: A powerful antioxidant that also improves muscle glucose and creatine uptake when it‘s consumed with simple
`carbs like dextrose. ALA is included in some fat-loss products because it reduces the amount of insulin released when carbs
`are eaten, which increases fat burning and reduces hunger.
`DOSAGE: For increased creatine uptake: 500—600mg with 2—5g of creatine; fat loss and antioxidant protection: 100—300mg
`two to three times per day.
`
`
`
`Arginine
`
`RATING: *‘k‘k‘ki‘r
`CATEGORIES: Mass Builder, Strength
`BENEFITS: This amino acid enhances NO production, which improves blood flow to exercising muscles and delivers nutrients, hormones, and oxygen to aid in
`recovery. Arginine also boosts GH levels. Research shows significant strength improvements in men taking arginine products.
`DOSAGE: 3-5g of arginine or NO products three times per day, with one close 30-40 minutes before exercise.
`
`Ashwagandha
`
`RATING: *ahhk‘zk
`CATEGORIES: Mass Builder, Health
`BENEFITS: This herb, known scientifically as Withania somnifera, is a powerful antioxidant that helps to suppress free—radical production. In some studies,
`ashwagandha has increased testosterone levels by up to 40%.
`DOSAGE: 1,500—2,000mg three times per day with food, with one dose 30-60 minutes before workouts.
`
`Astaxanthin
`
`RATING: *iziziki‘r
`CATEGORIES: Health, Energy Production, Fat Loss
`BENEFITS: This carotenoid is a potent antioxidant that improves immune function, aids cardiovascular health, and protects the eyes from cataracts and macular
`degeneration. Research also shows that astaxanthin can increase endurance by up to 150%, thanks to its fat burning abilities.
`DOSAGE: 4-6mg with meals once or twice per day, with one dose taken with your pre—workout shake.
`
`Avena Sativa
`
`RATING: *‘k‘kiki‘r
`CATEGORY: Mass Builder
`BENEFITS: Avena sativa (the scientific name for oats) contains the active ingredient avenocosides, which are a type of plant saponin similar to the furostanolic
`saponins in Tribulus. They increase the amount of luteinizing hormone (LH) released from the pituitary gland, which influences the testicles to produce more
`testosterone. Evidence suggests that the avenocosides free up testosterone from its carrier protein, sex—hormonebinding globulin (SHBG), making more of it
`available to enter muscle cells to stimulate growth and boost strength gains.
`DOSAGE: 100-300mg ofa 10:1 Avena sativa extract 2—or-3 times per day, with one dose 30-60 minutes before workouts.
`
`ht