TRADEMARK APPLICATION NO. 78308959 - VANGUARD - 108-34947 -U
`
`Page 1 of 4
`
`
`
`To:
`
`Baker Hughes Incorporated (ai.ridd1e@bakerhughes.com)
`
`Subject:
`
`TRADEMARK APPLICATION NO. 78308959 - VANGUARD - 108-
`
`34947 —U
`
`Sent:
`
`3/30/2006 3:56:35 PM
`
`Sent As:
`
`ECOM103@USPTO.GOV
`
`Attachments:
`
`Attachment - 1
`
`Attachment - 2
`
`Attachment - 3
`
`Attachment — 4
`
`Attachment - 5
`
`Attachment - 6
`
`Attachment — 7
`
`Attachment - 8
`
`Attachment - 9
`
`Attachment — 10
`
`Attachment - 11
`
`Attachment - 12
`
`Attachment - 13
`
`Attachment - 14
`Attachment - 15
`
`[Important Email Information]
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`SERIAL NO:
`
`78/308959
`
`APPLICANT :
`
`Baker Hughes Incorporated
`
`CORRESPONDENT ADDRESS: .
`J. Albert Riddle
`
`Baker Hughes Incorporated
`3900 Essex Lane, #1200
`Houston, TX 77027
`
`MARK:
`
`VANGUARD
`
`CORRESPONDENT’S REFERENCE/DOCKET NO: 108-34947 -U
`
`
`
`RETURN ADDRESS:
`Commissioner for Trademarks
`P.O. Box 1451
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1451
`
`If no fees are cndosecL the address should
`indude the words "Bax Respcmses - No Fee."
`
`CORRESPONDENT EMAIL ADDRESS:
`
`a1.ridd1e@bakerhughes.com
`
`kn
`
`Please provide in all correspondence:
`1.
`
`Filing date, serial number, mark and
`applicant's name.
`. Date of this Office Action.
`. Examining Attomey’s name and
`Law Oflioe number.
`. Your telephone number and e-mail
`address.
`
`file ://\\ticrs-ais-01\ticrsexport\HtmlToTiffInput\REC000 12006_04_O4_ 1 5_36_09_TTAB04. ..
`
`4/4/2006
`
`

`
`TRADEMARK APPLICATION NO. 78308959 - VANGUARD - 108-34947 -U
`
`Page 2 of 4
`
`Serial Number 78/308959
`
`Applicant is requesting reconsideration of a final refusal dated 12/03/2004.
`
`The trademark examining attorney has carefully reviewed the request for reconsideration and is not
`persuaded by applicant’s arguments. The amendment to the identification is accepted. However, no
`new issue has been raised and no new compelling evidence has been presented with regard to the point
`at issue in the final action. TMEP §7l5.03(a). Accordingly, applicant’s request for reconsideration is
`denied and the refiisal is continued. 37 C.F.R. §2.64(b); TMEP §715.04.
`
`The application file will be returned to the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board for resumption of the
`appeal.
`
`Refusal to Register Maintained on the Ground of Likelihood of Confusion
`Applicant incorrectly contends that the goods are not related. On the contrary, Applicant’s goods are
`used in connection with an artificial lift system (see attached image from applica11t’s website) and
`hydraulic pumps are commonly used in connection with oil wells and specifically with artificial lift
`systems (see attached images from various websites). The statement in applicant’s identification that its
`goods do not include hydraulic pumps does not change the relatedness of the goods, nor does it change
`the confusion that identical or similar marks for these goods is likely to cause. The fact that the goods of
`the parties differ is not controlling in determining likelihood of confusion. The issue is not likelihood of
`confusion between particular goods, but likelihood of confusion as to the source of those goods. In re
`Shell Oil Co., 992 F.2d 1204, 1208, 26 USPQ2d 1687, 1690 (Fed. Cir. 1993), and cases cited therein.
`
`Applicant incorrectly contends that there is no confusion on the ground that the Examiner has not
`provided evidence that the Registrant participates in the oil industry. However, as the above-mentioned
`evidence shows, hydraulic pumps are commonly used in the oil industry and therefore it must be
`assumed that Registrant’s hydraulic pumps may also be used in the oil industry in connection with an
`artificial lift system. A determination of whether there is a likelihood of confiision is made solely on the
`basis of the goods and/or services identified in the application and registration, without limitations or
`restrictions that are not reflected therein. In re Dakin ’s Miniatures Inc., 59 USPQ2d 1593, 1595 (TTAB
`1999). If the cited registration describes the goods and/or services broadly and there are no limitations
`as to their nature, type, channels of trade or classes of purchasers,
`then it
`is presumed that the
`registration encompasses all goods and/or services of the type described, that they move in all normal
`channels of trade, and that they are available to all potential customers. In re Linkvest S./1., 24 USPQ2d
`1716 ('I'1"AB 1992); In re Elbaum, 211 USPQ 639 (TTAB 1981); TMEP §1207.01(a)(iii).
`
`It
`Furthermore, the test under Trademark Act Section 2(d) is whether there is a likelihood of confusion.
`is unnecessary to show actual confusion in establishing likelihood of confusion. See Weiss Associates
`Inc. v. HRL Associates Inc., 902 F.2d 1546, 14 USPQ2d 1840 (Fed. Cir. 1990), and cases cited therein.
`See also In re Kangaroos U.SA., 223 USPQ 1025 ('I'I'AB 1984), wherein the Board stated as follows:
`
`[A]pplicant’s assertion that it is unaware of any actual confusion occurring as a result of the
`contemporaneous use of the marks of applicant and registrant is of little probative value in an ex
`parte proceeding such as this where we have no evidence pertaining to the nature and extent of
`the use by applicant and registrant (and thus cannot ascertain whether there has been ample
`opportunity for confusion to arise, if it were going to); and registrant has no chance to be heard
`(at least in the absence of a consent agreement, which applicant has not submitted in this case).
`Id. at 1026-1027.
`
`file://\\ticrs-ais-01\ticrsexport\HtmlToTiffInput\REC00012006_04_04_l5_36_09_TTAB04...
`
`4/4/2006
`
`

`
`TRADEMARK APPLICATION NO. 78308959 - VANGUARD - 108-34947 -U
`
`Page 3 of 4
`
`Applicant also incorrectly contends that VANGUARD is a weak mark. However, even if applicant has
`shown that the cited mark is “weak,”‘such marks are still entitled to protection against registration by a
`subsequent user of the same or similar mark for the same or closely related goods or services. See
`Hollister Incorporated v. IdentA Pei, Inc., 193 USPQ 439 (TTAB 1976) and cases cited therein. Also,
`third-party registrations, by themselves, are entitled to little weight on the question of likelihood of
`confusion. In re Melville Corp., 18 USPQ2d 1386, 1388 (TTAB 1991); In re Hub Distributing, Inc.,
`218 USPQ 284 (TTAB 1983). Third-party registrations are not evidence of what happens in the
`marketplace or that the public is familiar with the use of those marks. In re Comexa Ltda, 60 USPQ2d
`1118 (TTAB 2001); National Aeronautics and Space Admin. v. Record Chem. Co., 185 USPQ 563
`(TTAB 1975); TMEP §l207.01(d)(iii). Further, existence on the register of other confiisingly similar
`marks would not assist applicant in registering yet another mark which so resembles the cited registered
`mark that confusion is likely. In re Total Quality Group Inc., 51 USPQ2d 1474 (TTAB 1999).
`
`Applicant also contends that the purchasers of the goods are sophisticated, however, the fact that
`purchasers are sophisticated or knowledgeable in a particular field does not necessarily mean that they
`are sophisticated or knowledgeable in the field of trademarks or immune from source confusion. See In
`re Decombe, 9 USPQ2d 1812 (TTAB 1988); In re Pellerin Milnor Corp., 221 USPQ 558 (TTAB 1983);
`TMEP §1207.01(d)(vii).
`
`Applicant incorrectly claims that any doubt should be resolved in favor of Applicant. On the contrary, i_t
`is well settled law in decidgg refusals based on likelihood of confusion that any doubt is resolved
`in favor of the Registrant. Hewlett-Packard Co. v. Packard Press Inc., 281 F.3d 1261, 62 USPQ2d
`1001, 1004 (Fed. Cir. 2002); In re Hyper Shoppes (Ohio), Inc., 837 F.2d 463, 6 USPQ2d 1025 (Fed. Cir.
`1988); TMEP §§l207.01(d)(i). The cases cited by Applicant for the opposite conclusion involved issues
`of descriptiveness rather than likelihood of confusion and are therefore not applicable to this case.
`
`Accordingly, the refusal to register on the ground of likelihood of confusion is maintained and the file
`Will be returned to the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board for resumption of the appeal.
`
`/Mark Sparacino/
`Trademark Attorney
`Law Office 103
`US Patent and Trademark Office
`571-272-9708
`
`file://\\ticrs-ais-01\ticrsexport\HtmlToTifi‘Input\REC00012006_04_04_15_36_09_TTAB04...
`
`4/4/2006
`
`

`
`TRADEMARK APPLICATION NO. 78308959 - VANGUARD - 108-34947 -U
`
`Page 4 of 4
`
`Note:
`
`In order to avoid size limitation constraints on large e-mail messages, this Office Action has been
`split into 3 smaller e-mail messages. The Office Action in its entirety consists of this message as
`
`well as the following attachments that you will receive in separate messages:
`
`Email 1 includes the following 4 attachments
`1. vanguard9
`2. vanguard10
`3. vanguardll
`4. vanguard12
`
`Email 2 includes the following 7 attachments
`1. vanguard13
`2. vanguard14
`3. vanguard2
`4. vanguard3
`5. vanguard4
`6. vanguard5
`7. vanguard6
`
`Email 3 includes the following 4 attachments
`1. vanguard’!
`2. vanguard8
`3. vanguardl
`4. bakerl
`
`Please ensure that you receive all of the aforementioned attachments, and if you do not, please contact
`the assigned-examining attorney.
`
`file://\\tic1s-ais-01\ticrsexpo1t\HtmlToTifflnput\R_EC00012006_04_04_l5_36_09_TTAB04...
`
`4/4/2006
`
`

`
`
`
`
`
`accelerator
`
` alternating current
`
`
`
`a chemical additive that reduces the settingtime of cement. See
`cement and cementing‘ materials.
`
`
`
`
`
`to amass-or collect. When oil and gas migrate into porous
`formations, the quantity'collected is called an accumulation.
`
`
`
`a vessel _or—tank that receives and temporarily storesa liquid used
`in a continuous process in a gas plant. gSee,drip.accumulator.
`
`
`On a drilling rig,-"the storage device for nitrogen-pressurized
`
`
`hydraulic fluid, which is used in7closing the blowout preventers.
`
`See blowout Qrevemer contra! unit.
`It-
` an organic acid compound sometimes used to acidize oilwells.
`
`
`is not as corrosive as other acids used in well treatments.
`Its
`formula is C2H402, or CH3_CO0H.
`
`
`
`a method ofjoining steel componentsin which acetyleneygas and
`oxygen are -mixed in a torch to attain the-high temperatures
`necessarygfor welding.
`
`any chemi_ca|‘compound, one element ofwhich is hydrogen, that
`dissociates in solution to produce free hydrogen ions...
`
`
`
`
` low ductility of a metaldue to its absorption. of. hydrogen gas.
`Also called hydrogen embrittlement.
`‘
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`to part or open fractures in productive, hard limestone formations_
`by using-a combination of oil and acid orwater and acid under
`high pressure. See formation fracturing.
`
`in petroleum
` a gas that forms an acid when mixed withwater.
`production and processing, the most common acid gases are
`hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. They both cause corrosion,
`and hydrogen sulfide is very poisonous. See gar gas, s_oy_;
`CONOSQO .
`
`
`
`
`
`the-quality of being acid.- Relative acid strength of a liqui_d is
`measured by pH. A liquid with a pH below’/' is acid. See Q1
`value.
`
`
`
`to treat oil«bearing limestone or other formations with acid for the
`purpose of increasing production. Hydrochloric or other acid" is
`injected into the formation under pressure. ‘The acid etches the
`rock, enlarging the p_ore spaces. andpassages through which the
`reservoirfluids flow. The acid’_is'he|d under pressure for a periodof
`timeand then pumped out, alter which the well is swabbed and
`put back into production. Chemical inhibitorscombined with the
`acidprevent corrosion ofthe pipe.
`
`a well stimulation method using acid. See acidize.
`
`
`
`
`
`amethod by which petroleum bearingfllirnestonejor other
`formations areput into contact with an acid to enlarge the pore
`spaces and passages through which the reservoir fluidsflow.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`accumulator
`
` acetylene welding
`
`C_ontent(Pagemasters:
`OMM Web Team
`
`acid brittleness
`
`
`
`acid stimulation’
`
`aciditreatment
`
`acoustic log
`
`acoustic position
`references
`
`acoustic
`signatures
`
`
`
`
`
`a record ofthe‘ measurement of porosity done by comparing depth
`tothe time it takes for a sonic impulse to travel through a given
`length offormation. Therate oftravel ofthe sound wave througha
`roc_k_depends on the composition ofthe formation and the fluids it
`contains: Because the type offormation can beascenained by
`other logs, and because sonicitransit time varies with relative
`amounts of rock and fluid, porosity can usually be determined in,
`this way.
`'
`
`
`
`'
`
`a.s‘yst'em;consisting of a beacon positioned on the seafloor-to
`transmit an acoustic signal, a'set ofthree or four hydrophones
`mounted on the hull of a floating offshore drilling vessel to receive
`
`the signal. and a position display unit to track the relative
`positions ofthe rig and the drill site. Monitoring ofthe display unit
`aids in accurate position ofthe rigoverthe site.
`the characteristic patternsforvarious degrees of cementbonding
`between the casing-‘and‘the'borehole' that appear on ‘an
`oscilloscope displaywhen a sonic_cement bond log isrnade.
`
`
`
`
`
`acoustic survey
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`a well-logging method in which sound impulses are generated and
`
`transmitted into the formations opposite the wellbore. The time it
`
`takes for the sound impulsesto travel through the rockgis
`
`
`measured and recorded. Subsequent interpretation_ofthe record
`(log) permits an estimation ofthe rock's porosity and ‘fluid content.
`
`
`to be made. The process is also. called sonic fogging. See sonic
`’
`Io
`in .
`
`acoustic well
`
`theprocess of recording the‘ acousticfcharjacteristics of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`
`
`
`su_bsurface'forr‘nations, based on the time-required for asound
`wave to travel a specific distance through rock. The" rate oftravel
`ofthe soundwave depends on the compositionofthe formation,
`its porosity, and its fluid content.
`
`logging
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`-.1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`acre-foot
`
`across
`
`adsorption,
`
`AirI‘Gas Lifl
`
`allowable
`
`ajunit of.volum_e,olten used in oil reservoir analysis. equivalent to
`the volume (as ofoil or water) necessary to cover 1. acre to a
`depth ofl foot.
`
`
`
`
`
`over. The term usually _relates conditions offluid flow on_ one side
`
`
`of a piece of equipmentto conditions on the opposite side (e.«g., a
`pressure drop across avseparator).
`‘
`
`automaticcustodytransfer
`
`activated charcoal
`
`a form of carbon characterized by a high absorptive and adsorptive
`capacityforgases,.vapors, and colloidal solids.
`
`
`
`adevice to provideconnection between two otherparts.
`
`the accumulation of a‘thi_n layerotf molecules of gasior liquid on a
`solid surface.
`‘
`’
`'
`
`
`
`
`
`lifting-"of Iiquidsby injection, directly into the well, of air.or gas.
`
`
`
`theamount of oil or gas that a well is permitted by ‘State
`authorities to producerduring a given period
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`annular space
`
`1. the space surrounding e-cylindrical object within a cylinder.
`
`
`
`2. the space aroundapipe in a we||b__ore, the outer-wall ofwhich
`maybe the wall of eithertheiborehole or the casing; sometimes
`termed the -annulus,
`
` also called annular space. See a'nn.-1'
`
`r’
`
`' ce.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`anomaly
`
`
`
`anticlinal trap
`
`appraisal well
`
`In geology, the term indicates an"
`a deviation fror‘n'_t'he' norm."
`abnormality such as a fault or dome in a sedimentary. bed.
`
`
`
`a hydrocarbon trap in which petroleum accumulates in the top of
`an anticline: See §_Qg'_c_l‘,i1:_e_._
`
`‘an arched, inverted-trough configuration offolded and stratified
`_rock layers.
`
` la welldrilled to further confirmand evaluate the presenceof
`hydrocarbons in a reservoir that has been foundby a wildcat well.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`American Petroleum Institute. l-leaclquarters: 1801 K Street. N.W.,
`Washington, DC. 20008. Division of Production: 300 Corrigan
`Tower, Dallas, Texas 75201,
`
`
`
`
`
` a system for measuring density of a liquid to be tested which has
` the first or lowest ring of plates in a tank.
`
`
`
`been adopted as a standard by API.
`
`
`
`
`
`a "mobile submersible drilling structure used in arctic are_as. The
`rig is movedcnto the drilling site and submergedduringperiods
`when the water is free of ice. All equipment below the waterline is
`surrounded byacaisson to protect it from damage bymoving ice.
`The drillingdeck has no; squarecorners so that moving ice can‘
`betterflow aroundrit.
`
`arctic submersible
`rig
`
`
`
`
`'-' rnetlti:-d used to
`.
`l‘\-‘Ell!’ pr
`re list. he.
`
`
`cl::er re-:l
`no longer pro
`' by means of natural en
`.
`lift, l1}.-'i:lr:—iu|i-3 purnps, and subrnersible electriizr
`pumps,
`.
`are the mos common terms of :artit'rc:ial
`litt.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`naturalgas, commonly known asgas-cap gas, which overlies and
`is in contact with crude oil in the reservoir.
`
`o1si~_oLe_u_ms‘ l_.§_.'°L§D£5
`
`Last Upc|_ated:02/0112005, 12:31 PM
`
` I710! Page A
`
`
`
`
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`API Gravity
`
`

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`
`wh;at's1ne\/v in
`
`ARCHIVE
`March 2009
`
`March 2000 _vol. 221;No. 3
`Feature Article
`
`Part} - Twenty-two_new"shystems for beam, progressing cavity,
`hydraulic-pumping and pmnger I.-‘ft
`
`'
`
`Jamesf. Lea and Herald W. Winkler. Texas Teeh University, Lubbock, Texas; Henry
`V. Nickens, BP Amoco; and Robert E. Snyder, Editor
`
`resented here are 22 recent developments in four categories of _ fa] lift
`tech_nologv: Beam pumping (10_items); Progressing-cawityvpumping (RCP) (5); Hydraulic
`pumping_(4)' Pneumatic lift (2); and Plunger |ift’_(1). Part 2; coming next month, will cover
`electric
`Q pumping"and miscellaneous, related, new an-tifici _LIift
`technology.
`
`Still the most popular type of:
`'
`'
`i
`
`.
`
`_
`
`,_beam pumping comprisesp motor-driven
`‘
`}1t_
`ri
`h I
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`

`
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`
`Oil and Gus Online...
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`‘ . A Vertfitarkets Murletpinta for Industry Professionals
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`'Weathe_rford International, Inc. is one ofthe top five oilfield service companies in-the world. Weatherford offers customers innovative-
`mechanical technology and responsive, specialized services that focus on-the drilling and-production sectors ofthe global oil andgas
`industry. The company is headquartered in Houston and has more than 300 worldwide locations.
`
`We_atherford's operations are segmented into four divisions:
`
`c Drilling and Intervention Services
`9 Completionsystems
`o Artificial Lift Systems
`a Weatherford Global Compression Services
`
`More Associated Products
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` W &u&Vnwaw~w
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`o Recigrocating Rod Lift Systems
`o- Plunger Lift Systems
`0 v'drauli-:: Lift "
`I Eleuztriu: Suhrn.
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`More Assn ciatedlirtlcles s....WW....m....W_
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`o World's first multi-zone exgandable installation forsand screens
`
`Contact inform ation
`
`Weatherford
`515‘Post Oak Blvd, Ste. BUD
`Houston. Texas 77027
`UNITED STATES
`Phone: 713-693-4000
`Fax: 713-821-0994"
`
`For More Information M...
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`Visit Our Web Site
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`.\r-mmaurets. inc. All rights resented.
`Qogyright @ 1996-2005
`flertmarltets, Inc | Contact 0;! and‘ ‘Gas Snline
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`Glossary of Terms ®
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`‘this is an abridged version of the Dictionary of Petroleum Terms provided by Patex and the
`University ul'Tei<as Austin
`0 Petex 2001
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`ung rods v: to suspend sucker rods in a derrick or mast on red hangers rather than to place
`hamghnrizontally on a rack.
`hard hat rt:
`13 hard hrzliiriai worn try rilllieiizl workers in lni1Iimi‘llt the danger of hriérig irijurnri tiy
`falling objects.
`headache rr: (slang) the position in which the mast on a mobile rig is resting horizontally over
`
`he__r:ri'ver‘s cab.
`hex kelly n: sea lrelly.
`hoist n: t. an arrangement ct‘ pulleys and wire rope used for lifting heavy objects; a winch_pr
`similar device: 2‘ the drawwcrks. v: to raise or lifl.
`hoisting ccirnpcinerrts ri pl' drawwprts, drilling line, and traveling arid crown blocks. Auxiliary
`hoisting components include carheacs, catshaft, and air hoist.
`hoisting drum n;
`the large, flanged spool in the drawworits on which the hoisting cable is
`wound. See di'aW‘I40i'i(5.
`_b_g]§_L|_ng_||_[_i_n, n: a wire rope used in hoistingnrieratilzns.
`‘»-
`jiqgk n: a large, hunk-shaped device from which the
`3.. elevator balls or the swivel is suspended, it turns on
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`.. bearing: in :15 supporting iiousirig.
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`«
`(4.;
`hoisting system it: the system on the rig trial perform;
`all the lifting on the rig, primarily the lining and lowering of ” V
`drill pipe out ofand into the hole. It is composed of drilling U
`line, traveling block. crown block, and drawworks. See also '“"
`_:.,__"
`“K: hoisting com unerits.
`.. K
`hook load rt: the weight of the drill stem and associated components that are suspended from
`the hook.
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`il
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`:hDppI!ri"lL a large funnel- or tune-shaped device into which dry components (such as powdered
`iiclay orcement) can be poured to later mix with water or other liquids. The dry component is
`eductod through a nozzle at the bottom of the hopper.
`hnrsehead n: the generally horsehead‘-shaped steel piece at the front of the beam of a
`pumping unit to which the bridle is attached in sucker rod pumping’.
`horsepower n: a unit of measure of wade done by a machine.
`horizontal drllllng n: deviation oi the boreholefrom vertical so that the borehole penetrates a
`productive iurriratiurr in at mariner parallel to the iurrnatiorr.
`hydraulic adj: 1. ofor relating to water or other liquid in motion. 2. operated. moved, or
`effected by water or liquid.
`hydrrsullcfluld n: a liquid oflow viscosity (such as light nil) that is used in systems actuated
`hy liquid (such as_ the brake system in a car).
`hydraulic Iurce ri: force resulting from pressure on water or other hydraulic-fluid.
`hydraulic fracturing n: an operation in which a specially blended liquid is pumped down a well
`and into a iormation under pressure high enough to cause the formation to crack open, forming
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`passages through which all can flow into the welltaore.
`hydraulic jar n: a type or’ mechanical jar in which a fluid moving through a small opening slows.
`the piston stroke whiletna crew srretclres the wont string. After the hydraulic delay, a release
`mechanism in the jar trips to allow a mandrel to spring up and deliver a sharp blew, compare
`niechzrnitrzri jar.
`hydraulic purrrpliig n: a rrrotiiod of pumping _oli_ from walls by using 51 uuwrihulo pump without
`sucker rods. Subsurface hydraulic pumps consist oi two reciprocating pumps coupled and
`piacedln the well. one pump functions as an engine and drives the other pump (the production
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`hip). The downhole engine is usually operated by clean crude all under under pressure (powe
`I) that rs drawn from a po-er-ull settling tanlr. by a-triplex plunger pump on the surface. If a
`ngla string of tubing is used, power roll is pumped down the tubing string to the pump, which is
`atedin the string, and a mixture of power oil and produced fluid is returned through the
`sing-tubing annulus. if rwnparallel strings are iised,_one supplies power oil to the pump while
`e other returns the exhaust and produced oil to the surface. A hydraulic pump may he used to
`mp several walls from a central source.
`3i:oco7bT:°r}f n pl organic: compounds of hydrogen and carbon whose densities, boiling points.
`d freezing poin
`as their molecular weights increase. Although composed of only two i
`sirntsntii.
`_
`xisl. in :2 variety of corripuunds, because‘ oi‘ the strong uffiriity of the
`
`atoms and for itself. The smallest molecules of hidro "rho
`'
`arbonetom for oih
`H H g
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`aseous: the largest are solids. Petroleum is a mixture of many different hi/dm’r:a,rlaoii"x.
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`ydmgen sulilde cracking ii: a type of corrosion that occurs when metals are exposed to
`ydrugen sulfide gas; it is characterized by minute cracks that form _ru:t under the metal’:
`rfaca.
`ydrnstutit: pressure n: the force exerted by a body of fluid at rest. it increases directly with
`to density and the depth of the tluid and is expressed in many different units, int:lui.lirrg.puunds
`er square inch or kilopascals,
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`.i
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`"Contact Us l Freedom oi Information A:1| Customer survey
`Privag and Securigy statement | Disdaimeg
`occupational safety and Health Administration
`200 Constlt:i.m'on Avenue, NW
`Washlrlgtcln. DC ZDZID
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`

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`PENNACO
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`Oilfield Terminology
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`Technology thatbounces-sound’ waves off underground rock formations
`and processed to create a three-dimensional picture ofthe subsurface.
`‘Identifies rock formations most likely to contain accumulations of oil
`and gas;
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`Billion cubic feet
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`BCF-
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`Billion cubic feet (ofigas) equivalent
`BCFE
`% Barrel of hi!
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`Barrelofrillequivalent.Amethodofequating_i‘J'l'l,gasandnaturalgas
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`liquids. Gas is convened to eiilgbased on its relative energy content at
`the rate of six Mcf of gas to onebarrel ofpll. Natural gas liquids are
`converted based uponvolume where one barrel of natural gas liquids
`equals one barrel of oil.
`The total investment in the Well by a Participant or by all Participants,
`as the case.may,b_e.
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`Capital
`Contributions
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`Caslng Polnt
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`Development
`Well
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`Downdip
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`That point in the drilling ofa well where drilling ceases upon reaching a
`desired formationand where PENNACO, aslnvestment Manager, must
`evaluate electric logs or othersurveys or tests to determine whether, in
`the best judgment of PENNACO and the operator-that the Participation
`lnvestor should begin incurring"Completionicosts to put the‘well on
`production, or whether it ‘should abandon thewell as nonproductive.
`The Internal Revenue Code of1_985, asamended.
`Completion Costs ‘The costs incurred after Casing. Point to complete the.wel| either as a
`‘dry hole (plug) or as at producing well;
`
`Awell drilled within a proven area of ans land gas reservoir to the
`depth ofa stratigraphic horizon known to be_pro'ductive,=.but which may
`or may not be present at the site ofthe well.
`Aterrn used in a hydrocarbon reservoirthat is not flat, ie., a dipping
`formation. In such a formation, oil is found downdip from the gas.
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`A well that‘_does not provide gll or gas in sufficient quantities to justify
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`completion;
`
`Techniques usedto increase or prolong production from oil and natural
`Enhanced
`gas fields.
`Recovery’
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`Exploratory Well Awell drilled to findjand produce fiqll or gas in an’ unproven area, to find
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`‘a”new,re_servoir in afield previously found to be ‘productivelof oil and
`gas inanothergreservoir, or toextend a known reservoir.
` The most extensive interest that can be owned in land,’ including
`i
`surface andmineral (including ‘oil and gas) rights.
`‘
`A geographical area with one or more bit and gas reservoirs. An
`Field Formation
`
`identifiable layer of rocks named after its geographical location and
`dominant rock type.
`'
`A well is "traced" to stimulate or prolong ollA& gas production. Spe_cia|
`fluids are pumped into a wellbore with powerful hydraulicvpumps to
`cause enough pressure to crack or fracture the formation. This process
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`greates a pLne' of high,-permeability sand, which usually allows the
`‘to flow more freely into the wellbore.
`Full Cycle
`Current year cash_margin (reserves less current year operating and
`_ Economiw
`administrative costs) minus 5-year finding cost.
`'
`The total number of acres in which the company owns a working
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`T
`interest.
`‘
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`Gross Well
`Awell in which"a' working’ interest is owned.
`Injection Well Awellvvhere gas or water isinjected back into_ the reservoir, usually to
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`increase pressure and thereby stimulate production; In a gas injection
`well, gas is reinjected into the upper gas portion ofthe reservoir. Water
`injection wells are'typically'found offshore.
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`Those items of costs relating to drilling, testing a_nd completion
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`operations on the Well which are_ not Tangible Costs.
`LanI:_lown_er's
`The interest customarily retained undervan oilyand gas lease by the
`Royalty ’
`person whohas the powerto grant an-‘oil and gas lease andvwhich
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`bears no part ofthe cost of drilling or producing.-the ioil and natural gas.
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`Alegal contract that-specifies the terms ofthe business relationship
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`between an energy company and a landowner or mineral rights holder
`on-a specific tract.
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` "Frac", or
`fracturing
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`'_Thousand'cubic "feet (of gas)'equivalent'
` Million barrels of-ollequivalent‘
`A "standard-measurement unit for volumes ofnatural gas thatiequals
`-one thousand cubic feet. [Six Mcf of natural gas is approximately the
`energy equivalent of one barrel of oil.
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`Million cubic feet
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`Mud, or drilling
`A specialized mixture offluids and solids, or liquid and gaseous fluids.
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`mud
`used in‘ drilling wellbores. There are many typesofthese drilling fluids.
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`usually categorized by the major component suchas water-base
`drilling fluid..gyp mud. emulsion mu