`
`How does a biometric system identify a user based on his physical and/or behavioral
`traits? This process consists of two main phases, namely, enrollment and recognition
`(see Figure 1.3). During the enrollment phase, the biometric data is acquired from
`the individual and stored in a database along with the person’s identity. Typically,
`the acquired biometric data is processed to extract salient and distinctive features. In
`manycases, only the extracted feature set gets stored, while the raw biometric data is
`discarded. During the recognition phase, the biometric data is re-acquired from the
`individual and compared against the stored data to determinethe user identity. Thus,
`a biometric system is essentially a pattern recognition (or a pattern matching) system
`consisting of four basic building blocks, namely, (a) sensor, (b) feature extractor, (c)
`database, and (d) matcher as shownin Figure 1.3. These four modules will now be
`discussed in turn.
`
`1.2.2 Sensor module
`
`A suitable user interface incorporating the biometric sensor or reader is needed to
`measure or record the raw biometric data of the user. For example, an optical finger-
`print sensor may be used to imagethe friction ridge pattern at the tip of the finger.
`The design of a good user (or human-machine)interface is critical for the success-
`ful implementation of a biometric system. An intuitive, ergonomic, and easy to use
`interface may facilitate rapid user habituation and enable the acquisition of good
`quality biometric samples from the user.
`The quality of the raw biometric samples also depends on the characteristics of
`the sensor used. For most biometric modalities, the raw biometric data is in the
`form of two-dimensional images (e.g., fingerprint, face, iris, etc.). Exceptions in-
`clude voice (1-dimensional amplitude signals), online signature (pen pressure, posi-
`tion, and velocity), odor and DNA (chemical-based). For image-based data, factors
`
`CARDWARE EXHIBIT 2027, Page 1 of 1
`SAMSUNG V. CARDWARE PGR2023-00012
`
`
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