National Health Statistics Reports
`
`Number 122  December 20, 2018
`
`Mean Body Weight, Height, Waist Circumference, and
`Body Mass Index Among Adults: United States,
`1999–2000 Through 2015–2016
`
`by Cheryl D. Fryar, M.S.P.H., Deanna Kruszon-Moran, Sc.M., Qiuping Gu, M.D., and Cynthia L. Ogden, Ph.D.
`
`Abstract
`Objectives—This report presents trends in mean weight, height, waist
`circumference, and body mass index (BMI) among adults in the United States from
`1999–2000 through 2015–2016.
`Methods—Data were obtained from physical examinations of a nationally
`representative sample of adults aged 20 and over in the National Health and Nutrition
`Examination Surveys during 1999–2016. The tables present means and standard errors
`of the mean for weight (n = 45,047), height (n = 46,481), waist circumference
`(n = 43,169), and BMI (n = 44,859) separately for men and women overall, by age
`group, and by race and Hispanic origin for each 2-year survey period. Changes in
`these body measures over time were evaluated using linear regression.
`Results—Since 1999, mean weight, waist circumference, and BMI increased
`for all age groups, for non-Hispanic white and Mexican-American men and women,
`and for non-Hispanic black women. Among non-Hispanic black men, weight, waist
`circumference, and BMI increased until 2005–2006 and then remained level. No
`change in height was seen over time except for a decrease in crude estimates among
`all women, a decrease among men and women aged 40–59, and an increase in both
`crude and age-adjusted estimates of mean height for men followed by a decrease after
`2003–2004. No significant trends were seen in any of the four body measures for
`non-Hispanic Asian men and women (data available only for 2011–2016).
`Conclusions—Mean weight, waist circumference, and BMI in adults have
`increased over the past 18 years. Conversely, mean height did not change in many
`demographic subgroups and, in some groups, was lower in 2015–2016 than in
`1999–2000.
`Keywords: anthropometry • BMI • National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
`(NHANES)
`
`Introduction
`Since 1980, the prevalence of
`obesity among adults based on body
`mass index (BMI) has increased in the
`United States (1–4). This is in part due
`to a shift in the distribution of BMI in
`the entire population (5,6). This report
`presents updated trends (6) in mean body
`weight, height, waist circumference, and
`BMI for the U.S. adult population from
`1999–2000 through 2015–2016 by sex,
`age, and race and Hispanic origin.
`
`Methods
`The National Health and Nutrition
`Examination Survey (NHANES) is
`conducted by the National Center for
`Health Statistics. Household interviews
`followed by health examinations,
`conducted in mobile examination centers
`(MECs), are used to collect NHANES
`data. The MECs are staffed by full-time
`personnel, including health technicians
`who conduct body measurements using
`standardized examination procedures.
`Surveys were conducted on a periodic
`basis from 1960 through 1994. Beginning
`in 1999, NHANES became a continuous
`survey. The procedures followed to select
`the sample and conduct the interview and
`examination were similar to those for
`
`U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
`Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
`National Center for Health Statistics
`
`Human Power of N Company
`EX1051
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`National Health Statistics Reports  Number 122  December 20, 2018
`
`previous surveys (7). Public-use data from
`the continuous NHANES are released in
`2-year cycles (8).
`
`(including multiple races) were included
`in total estimates but were not reported
`separately.
`
`Sample description
`NHANES is a complex, multistage
`probability sample of the civilian
`noninstitutionalized U.S. population.
`Non-Hispanic black and Mexican-
`American persons, among other groups,
`have been oversampled to obtain reliable
`estimates for these population subgroups.
`Beginning in 2007, all Hispanic persons
`were oversampled, and beginning in
`2011, non-Hispanic Asian persons were
`included in the oversample.
`Data were available for 47,233
`examined sample persons aged 20
`and over from nine NHANES 2-year
`cycles from 1999–2016. The overall
`examination response rates for adults
`aged 20 and over during 1999–2016
`ranged from 73.0% to 54.8%. Age and
`race and Hispanic-origin categories used
`for this report were based on the survey
`sample domains that were recommended
`in the NHANES Analytic Guidelines
`(9). Adult’s age was based on age at
`household screener. Participants with age
`at screener equal to 19 years but whose
`age at the MEC exam was 240 months or
`more (n = 100) were classified as adults
`aged 20 and over and included in the
`47,233 examined sample persons in this
`report. Pregnant women (n = 1,428) were
`excluded from all analyses, except for
`height. Additionally, body measurement
`data were missing for weight (n = 758),
`height (n = 752), weight or height for
`BMI (n = 946), and waist circumference
`(n = 2,636). Missing data for each
`outcome was set to missing for a final
`sample size of 45,047 for body weight;
`46,481 for height; 43,169 for waist
`circumference; and 44,859 for BMI.
`Technical Notes Tables I–IV show the
`unweighted sample size for each body
`measure by survey years, age group,
`and race and Hispanic origin separately
`for men and women aged 20 and over.
`Age was categorized into three groups:
`20–39, 40–59, and 60 and over. Race
`and Hispanic-origin groups included
`those reporting as non-Hispanic white,
`non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic Asian,
`all Hispanic, and Mexican American.
`Adults who reported another race
`
`Body measurements
`The anthropometry component
`methodology has remained consistent
`over time. Weight has been measured to
`the nearest 0.1 kilogram using a digital
`weight scale. Waist circumference
`measurements have been made to the
`nearest 0.1 centimeter using a tape
`measure at the uppermost lateral border
`of the hip crest (ilium) (10). Standing
`height has been measured with a wall-
`mounted digital stadiometer. Weight and
`standing height values were recorded
`automatically. Waist circumference
`measurement data were recorded
`using computer-assisted data entry,
`and all results were based on a single
`body measurement at examination.
`The NHANES Anthropometry
`Procedures Manual describes the
`protocol, equipment, quality control,
`and measurement procedures in detail
`(11). BMI was calculated as weight in
`kilograms divided by height in meters
`squared (kg/m2).
`
`Statistical analysis
`NHANES examination sample
`weights were applied to adjust for
`oversampling of certain populations,
`noncoverage, and nonresponse (from
`screener to interview and from interview
`to examination) in order to calculate
`national estimates of the mean. Standard
`errors of the mean were estimated
`using sample weights and the Taylor
`Series Linearization method (12) in
`SUDAAN to incorporate the complex
`sample design. A relative standard
`error (RSE) greater than 30% is used
`to define estimates that are considered
`not statistically reliable. All of the
`RSEs for estimates in this report met
`the reliability criterion. All results are
`presented stratified by sex. Stratified
`estimates for men and women are
`presented overall and by age group, and
`age adjusted overall and by race and
`Hispanic origin subgroup to the 2000
`projected U.S. Census population using
`the direct method and age groups 20–39,
`40–59, and 60 and over. Estimates were
`
`not available until 2007–2008 for total
`Hispanic persons and 2011–2012 for
`non-Hispanic Asian persons. Therefore,
`tables show results from 2007–2008
`through 2015–2016 for total Hispanic
`persons and from 2011–2012 through
`2015–2016 for non-Hispanic Asian
`persons. Results were calculated for
`measurements in both English (inches
`[in] and pounds [lb]) and metric
`(centimeters [cm] and kilograms [kg])
`units.
`Statistical tests on both linear-
`only and linear-plus quadratic trends
`were modeled using SUDAAN PROC
`REGRESS. Overall trend tests were
`conducted on both crude and age-
`adjusted population totals. Significance
`was determined using the Satterthwaite
`adjusted F test (13) at the 0.05 level.
`Joinpoint software (using the modified
`Bayesian information criterion test
`and specifying a minimum of three
`data points per segment) was used to
`determine the change point in the trend
`line for those outcomes where the
`quadratic term was significant. Piecewise
`linear regression using SUDAAN
`PROC REGRESS was used to test the
`significance of the slope for each line
`segment and the significance of the
`difference between slopes for the two line
`segments.
`
`Results
`
`Weight
`Estimates of mean body weight for
`adult men and women aged 20 and over
`from 1999–2000 through 2015–2016 are
`presented in Tables 1 and 2. A significant
`linear increase in body weight was seen
`over time for both men and women and
`for each race and Hispanic-origin and
`age subgroup, except for non-Hispanic
`black men, non-Hispanic Asian men
`and women (measured using data from
`2011–2012 through 2015–2016 only),
`and Mexican-American women.
`Among all men, mean age-adjusted
`body weight was 89.8 kg (197.9 lb) in
`2015–2016, up from 85.9 kg (189.4 lb)
`in 1999–2000. Among all women, mean
`age-adjusted body weight was 77.4 kg
`(170.6 lb) in 2015–2016, up from
`74.3 kg (163.8 lb) in 1999–2000. No
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`National Health Statistics Reports  Number 122  December 20, 2018
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`Page 3
`
`significant trend was seen in body weight
`for non-Hispanic Asian men or women.
`However, among non-Hispanic black
`men, mean age-adjusted body weight
`increased linearly from 1999–2000
`(85.6 kg) until 2005–2006 (91.2 kg),
`but after 2005–2006 mean body weight
`did not change significantly. Among
`Mexican-American women, mean age-
`adjusted body weight did not change
`significantly from 1999–2000 (71.4 kg)
`through 2009–2010 (73.3 kg); however,
`after 2009–2010, mean body weight
`increased significantly over time to 78.0
`kg in 2015–2016.
`Height
`Tables 3 and 4 show mean height for
`adult men and women aged 20 and over
`from 1999–2000 through 2015–2016.
`Among all men, age-adjusted estimates of
`mean height increased from 1999–2000
`(175.6 cm [69.2 in]) until 2003–2004
`(176.4 cm [69.4 in]) and then decreased
`until 2015–2016 (175.4 cm [69.1 in]).
`Both the increasing and decreasing trends
`were statistically significant. Changes
`in crude estimates followed the same
`trend. Among men, no significant trends
`were seen in height over time among
`those aged 20–39 and 60 and over, or in
`age-adjusted means among non-Hispanic
`white, non-Hispanic Asian, all Hispanic,
`and Mexican-American men. Mean
`height decreased significantly over time
`for men aged 40–59, from 176.3 cm in
`1999–2000 to 175.8 cm in 2015–2016.
`Mean height also decreased significantly
`among non-Hispanic black men (176.0
`cm to 175.5 cm) over this same time
`period.
`Among all women, mean age-
`adjusted height was 162.1 cm (63.8 in)
`in 1999–2000 and 161.7 cm (63.7 in) in
`2015–2016. No significant linear trends
`were seen over time in age-adjusted
`estimates of height overall, for any
`race and Hispanic-origin subgroup,
`or among women aged 20–39 or 60
`and over. However, the overall crude
`estimate of mean height for all women
`decreased significantly from 162.1 cm
`in 1999–2000 to 161.5 cm in 2015–2016
`and, for women aged 40–59,
`decreased from 162.8 cm to 162.1 cm
`over the same time period.
`
`Waist circumference
`Estimates of mean waist
`circumference for adult men and women
`aged 20 and over from 1999–2000
`through 2015–2016 are presented in
`Tables 5 and 6. In 2015–2016, the age-
`adjusted mean waist circumference in
`men was 102.1 cm (40.2 in), up from
`99.l cm (39.0 in) in 1999–2000. Among
`women, the age-adjusted mean waist
`circumference was 98.0 cm (38.6 in) in
`2015–2016, up from 92.2 cm
`(36.3 in) in 1999–2000. Overall, a
`consistent significant linear increase
`in waist circumference was seen over
`time for both men and women that was
`significant for all race and Hispanic-
`origin and age subgroups except
`non-Hispanic black men, all Hispanic
`men (measured from 2007–2008
`through 2015–2016), and non-Hispanic
`Asian men and women (measured
`from 2011–2012 through 2015–2016).
`Similar to mean body weight, among
`non-Hispanic black men, mean waist
`circumference increased from 1999–2000
`(95.3 cm) until 2005–2006 (99.2 cm)
`and did not change significantly after
`2005–2006.
`
`BMI
`Estimates of mean BMI for adult
`men and women aged 20 and over from
`1999–2000 through 2015–2016 are
`presented in Table 7. In 2015–2016,
`age-adjusted mean BMI was 29.1 in men
`and 29.6 in women, up from 27.8 in men
`and 28.2 in women during 1999–2000.
`Trends in BMI were similar to trends
`found for both waist circumference and
`body weight. A consistent significant
`linear increase in BMI was found over
`time for both men and women overall and
`for each race and Hispanic-origin and age
`subgroup except non-Hispanic black men
`and non-Hispanic Asian men and women.
`No significant changes in BMI were
`found over time among non-Hispanic
`Asian men and women (measured from
`2011–2012 through 2015–2016 only).
`Among non-Hispanic black men, BMI
`increased from 27.5 in 1999–2000 to 28.9
`in 2005–2006. After 2005–2006, BMI
`remained level.
`
`Discussion and
`Conclusions
`A previous report using NHANES
`data showed an overall increase in mean
`weight, height, and BMI from 1960–1962
`through 1999–2002 (6). On average,
`both men and women gained more than
`24 pounds between 1960 and 2002.
`During the same time, height increased
`approximately 1 inch. The current
`report provides updated data on trends
`in weight, height, waist circumference,
`and BMI from 1999–2000 through
`2015–2016, showing an increase of over
`8 pounds in men and 7 pounds in women
`over this time period and overall, no
`increase in height.
`A strength of using NHANES to
`monitor weight and height in the U.S.
`population is the use of standardized
`measures over time. A limitation of
`NHANES is the smaller sample sizes for
`some subgroups, thus limiting potential
`subgroup analyses. Data from future
`cycles of NHANES will provide more
`data points to examine trends in the
`all Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian
`populations.
`In conclusion, mean weight, waist
`circumference, and BMI in adults
`have increased over the past 18 years.
`Conversely, mean height did not change
`in many demographic subgroups, and in
`some groups was lower in 2015–2016
`than in 1999–2000.
`
`References
`1. Hales CM, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden
`CL. Prevalence of obesity among adults
`and youth: United States, 2015–2016.
`NCHS Data Brief, no 288. Hyattsville,
`MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
`2017.
`2. Flegal KM, Kruszon-Moran D, Carroll
`MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Trends in
`obesity among adults in the United States,
`2005 to 2014. JAMA 315(21):2284–91.
`2016.
`3. Hales CM, Fryar CD, Carroll MD,
`Freedman DS, Aoki Y, Ogden CL.
`Differences in obesity prevalence
`by demographic characteristics and
`urbanization level among adults in
`the United States, 2013–2016. JAMA
`319(23):2419–29. 2018.
`
`Page 3 of 16
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`National Health Statistics Reports  Number 122  December 20, 2018
`
`4. Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Ogden CL.
`Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and
`severe obesity among adults aged 20 and
`over: United States, 1960–1962 through
`2015–2016. NCHS Health E-Stats. 2018.
`Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/
`nchs/data/hestat/obesity_adult_15_16/
`obesity_adult_15_16.pdf.
`5. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, McDowell MA,
`Flegal KM. Obesity among adults in the
`United States—No statistically significant
`change since 2003–2004. NCHS Data
`Brief, no 1. Hyattsville, MD: National
`Center for Health Statistics. 2007.
`6. Ogden CL, Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Flegal
`KM. Mean body weight, height, and body
`mass index, United States 1960–2002.
`Advance Data; no 347. Hyattsville, MD:
`National Center for Health Statistics.
`2004.
`7. Johnson CL, Dohrmann SM, Burt VL,
`Mohadjer LK. National Health and
`Nutrition Examination Survey: Sample
`design, 2011–2014. National Center for
`Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(162).
`2014.
`8. National Center for Health Statistics.
`National Health and Nutrition
`Examination Survey: Questionnaires,
`datasets, and related documentation.
`Available from: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/
`nchs/nhanes/Default.aspx.
`9. National Center for Health Statistics.
`National Health and Nutrition
`Examination Survey: Analytic
`guidelines, 2011–2012. 2013. Available
`from: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/
`data/nhanes/2011-2012/analytic_
`guidelines_11_12.pdf.
`10. Cornier MA, Després JP, Davis N,
`Grossniklaus DA, Klein S, Lamarche
`B, et al. Assessing adiposity: A
`scientific statement from the American
`Heart Association. Circulation
`124(18):1996–2019. 2011.
`11. National Center for Health Statistics.
`National Health and Nutrition
`Examination Survey (NHANES):
`Anthropometry procedures manual. 2013.
`Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/
`nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_13_14/2013_
`Anthropometry.pdf.
`12. Wolter KM. Introduction to variance
`estimation. 2nd ed. New York, NY:
`Springer. 2007.
`13. Skinner CJ, Holt D, Smith TMF. Analysis
`of complex surveys. 1st ed. Chichester,
`NY: John Wiley & Sons. 1989.
`
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`Page 5
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`Table 1. Mean weight (kilograms) among men and women aged 20 and over, by survey years, age group, and race and Hispanic origin: United States, 1999–2016
`
`Sex, age, and race and
`Hispanic origin
`
`Men
`20 and over1 (crude) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`20 and over1,2 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Age group:
`20–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`40–59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`60 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Race and Hispanic origin2:
`Non-Hispanic white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Mexican-American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Women
`20 and over1 (crude) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`20 and over1,2 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Age group:
`20–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`40–59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`60 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Race and Hispanic origin2:
`Non-Hispanic white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Mexican-American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`1999–2000
`
`2001–2002
`
`2003–2004
`
`2005–2006
`
`2007–2008
`
`2009–2010
`
`2011–2012
`
`2013–2014
`
`2015–2016
`
`Survey years
`
`85.8 (0.7)
`85.9 (0.7)
`
`84.3 (0.9)
`88.1 (1.2)
`85.2 (0.8)
`
`87.2 (0.8)
`85.6 (0.8)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`80.7 (0.7)
`
`74.2 (0.8)
`74.3 (0.8)
`
`73.4 (1.0)
`76.8 (1.3)
`71.6 (0.6)
`
`73.4 (1.0)
`84.3 (1.1)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`71.4 (1.0)
`
`87.0 (0.5)
`86.7 (0.5)
`
`85.3 (0.7)
`89.7 (0.7)
`84.5 (0.7)
`
`88.3 (0.6)
`86.6 (0.9)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`80.5 (0.8)
`
`73.9 (0.6)
`73.9 (0.6)
`
`72.1 (0.9)
`76.5 (1.1)
`72.7 (0.7)
`
`73.6 (0.6)
`81.3 (0.9)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`71.4 (1.0)
`
`87.8 (0.5)
`87.7 (0.5)
`
`86.4 (1.0)
`90.0 (0.9)
`86.2 (0.8)
`
`89.0 (0.6)
`89.1 (1.7)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`81.7 (1.0)
`
`74.5 (0.7)
`74.4 (0.8)
`
`72.8 (1.1)
`77.6 (1.1)
`72.1 (0.6)
`
`73.8 (0.9)
`84.0 (1.1)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`73.8 (1.2)
`
`88.9 (0.8)
`88.7 (0.8)
`
`87.1 (1.1)
`92.1 (1.1)
`86.2 (0.6)
`
`89.7 (0.7)
`91.2 (0.9)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`81.4 (0.9)
`
`74.9 (0.8)
`74.7 (0.8)
`
`72.8 (1.1)
`78.1 (1.2)
`72.6 (0.9)
`
`74.5 (0.9)
`83.5 (1.0)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`72.9 (1.1)
`
`Mean (standard error)
`88.3 (0.7)
`88.2 (0.7)
`
`86.1 (1.0)
`90.7 (0.9)
`88.0 (0.8)
`
`89.9 (0.6)
`89.4 (0.9)
`---
`---
`83.5 (1.1)
`83.5 (1.2)
`
`75.4 (0.6)
`75.4 (0.6)
`
`75.6 (1.2)
`77.2 (0.8)
`72.3 (0.5)
`
`75.2 (1.0)
`83.9 (1.3)
`---
`---
`72.9 (0.6)
`72.9 (0.4)
`
`89.1 (0.6)
`89.0 (0.6)
`
`87.6 (0.9)
`91.6 (1.1)
`87.2 (0.7)
`
`90.5 (0.6)
`91.2 (1.1)
`---
`---
`84.8 (1.1)
`84.2 (1.3)
`
`75.4 (0.4)
`75.4 (0.4)
`
`74.5 (1.0)
`76.1 (0.7)
`75.6 (0.6)
`
`74.8 (0.5)
`85.9 (0.9)
`---
`---
`72.6 (0.7)
`73.3 (0.6)
`
`88.2 (0.7)
`88.1 (0.6)
`
`86.5 (0.9)
`90.9 (1.0)
`86.4 (1.2)
`
`89.2 (0.8)
`90.0 (1.0)
`72.1 (0.7)
`84.9 (0.8)
`85.9 (1.1)
`
`75.8 (0.6)
`75.8 (0.6)
`
`74.9 (0.8)
`78.2 (0.8)
`73.7 (1.0)
`
`75.8 (0.8)
`86.2 (1.0)
`59.8 (0.8)
`73.7 (0.6)
`74.9 (1.1)
`
`89.4 (0.6)
`89.3 (0.6)
`
`88.2 (1.2)
`91.0 (0.8)
`88.6 (1.2)
`
`90.8 (0.9)
`90.4 (1.2)
`73.4 (0.6)
`86.0 (1.4)
`87.1 (1.1)
`
`77.0 (0.6)
`77.2 (0.6)
`
`76.8 (0.8)
`79.5 (1.2)
`74.0 (0.8)
`
`77.3 (0.8)
`86.2 (0.9)
`59.4 (0.8)
`75.5 (0.9)
`77.1 (1.0)
`
`89.7 (0.9)
`89.8 (0.9)
`
`89.3 (1.4)
`91.1 (0.9)
`88.3 (0.8)
`
`91.7 (1.1)
`89.7 (1.2)
`73.1 (0.6)
`86.4 (0.9)
`86.4 (1.1)
`
`77.3 (0.8)
`77.4 (0.8)
`
`76.0 (0.8)
`80.0 (1.4)
`75.5 (1.2)
`
`77.5 (1.0)
`84.4 (1.1)
`60.1 (0.5)
`76.6 (0.7)
`78.0 (0.7)
`
`p for linear
`trend
`
`<0.001
`<0.001
`
`<0.001
`0.032
`<0.001
`
`<0.001
`0.002†
`0.331
`0.041
`<0.001
`
`<0.001
`<0.001
`
`<0.001
`0.026
`<0.001
`
`<0.001
`0.007
`0.751
`<0.001
`<0.001‡
`
`--- Data not available.
`ncludes a significant quadratic term for 1999–2016. Mean weight increased from 1999–2000 through 2005–2006 (p < 0.001) and remained level until 2015–2016 (p = 0.44). Slopes for line segments are significantly different (p < 0.001).
`† I
`ncludes a significant quadratic term for 1999–2016. Mean weight remained level from 1999–2000 through 2009–2010 (p = 0.073) and then increased until 2015–2016 (p < 0.001). Slopes for line segments are significantly different (p = 0.004).
`‡ I
`cludes other races not shown separately.
`1In
`Age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. census population using age groups 20–39, 40–59, and 60 and over.
`2
`3Includes Mexican-American persons.
`
`SOURCE: NCHS, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2016.
`
`Page 5 of 16
`
`

`

`Page 6
`
`National Health Statistics Reports  Number 122  December 20, 2018
`
`Table 2. Mean weight (pounds) among men and women aged 20 and over, by survey years, age group, and race and Hispanic origin: United States, 1999–2016
`
`Sex, age, and race and
`Hispanic origin
`
`Men
`20 and over1 (crude) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`20 and over1,2 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Age group:
`20–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`40–59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`60 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Race and Hispanic origin2:
`Non-Hispanic white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Mexican-American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Women
`20 and over1 (crude) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`20 and over1,2 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Age group:
`20–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`40–59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`60 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Race and Hispanic origin2:
`Non-Hispanic white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Mexican-American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Survey years
`
`1999–2000
`
`2001–2002
`
`2003–2004
`
`2005–2006
`
`2007–2008
`
`2009–2010
`
`2011–2012
`
`2013–2014
`
`2015–2016
`
`189.1 (1.5)
`189.4 (1.5)
`
`185.8 (2.0)
`194.3 (2.6)
`187.8 (1.7)
`
`192.3 (1.7)
`188.7 (1.7)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`177.9 (1.6)
`
`163.6 (1.7)
`163.8 (1.7)
`
`161.9 (2.1)
`169.4 (2.9)
`157.9 (1.3)
`
`161.9 (2.2)
`185.9 (2.3)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`157.5 (2.2)
`
`191.8 (1.1)
`191.2 (1.2)
`
`188.1 (1.6)
`197.7 (1.5)
`186.2 (1.5)
`
`194.6 (1.3)
`190.8 (1.9)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`177.5 (1.7)
`
`162.9 (1.2)
`162.8 (1.3)
`
`158.9 (2.1)
`168.6 (2.4)
`160.3 (1.4)
`
`162.2 (1.3)
`179.3 (1.9)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`157.5 (2.1)
`
`193.5 (1.1)
`193.3 (1.1)
`
`190.4 (2.3)
`198.4 (2.0)
`190.0 (1.7)
`
`196.3 (1.3)
`196.4 (3.8)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`180.1 (2.1)
`
`164.2 (1.6)
`164.1 (1.7)
`
`160.6 (2.4)
`171.0 (2.5)
`159.0 (1.3)
`
`162.6 (2.0)
`185.1 (2.3)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`162.7 (2.7)
`
`196.0 (1.7)
`195.7 (1.7)
`
`192.1 (2.3)
`203.0 (2.5)
`190.0 (1.4)
`
`197.8 (1.6)
`201.0 (1.9)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`179.3 (2.0)
`
`165.1 (1.7)
`164.8 (1.7)
`
`160.5 (2.4)
`172.3 (2.7)
`160.2 (1.9)
`
`164.1 (1.9)
`184.1 (2.3)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`160.8 (2.3)
`
`Mean (standard error)
`194.7 (1.4)
`194.6 (1.4)
`
`189.9 (2.1)
`199.9 (2.0)
`194.0 (1.8)
`
`198.2 (1.3)
`197.1 (2.0)
`---
`---
`184.1 (2.4)
`184.0 (2.7)
`
`166.1 (1.3)
`166.3 (1.4)
`
`166.6 (2.7)
`170.2 (1.8)
`159.5 (1.1)
`
`165.8 (2.2)
`185.0 (3.0)
`---
`---
`160.7 (1.3)
`160.8 (0.9)
`
`196.3 (1.4)
`196.2 (1.3)
`
`193.1 (1.9)
`202.0 (2.4)
`192.1 (1.5)
`
`199.5 (1.4)
`201.1 (2.4)
`---
`---
`187.0 (2.4)
`185.6 (2.8)
`
`166.2 (0.9)
`166.1 (1.0)
`
`164.3 (2.1)
`167.8 (1.5)
`166.6 (1.3)
`
`165.0 (1.2)
`189.5 (1.9)
`---
`---
`160.1 (1.6)
`161.6 (1.4)
`
`194.4 (1.4)
`194.3 (1.4)
`
`190.7 (1.9)
`200.4 (2.3)
`190.5 (2.5)
`
`196.7 (1.8)
`198.4 (2.1)
`159.1 (1.6)
`187.2 (1.8)
`189.5 (2.5)
`
`167.1 (1.3)
`167.2 (1.3)
`
`165.1 (1.8)
`172.3 (1.7)
`162.5 (2.3)
`
`167.1 (1.9)
`190.0 (2.2)
`131.8 (1.7)
`162.4 (1.3)
`165.0 (2.4)
`
`197.0 (1.2)
`197.0 (1.3)
`
`194.4 (2.7)
`200.7 (1.8)
`195.4 (2.7)
`
`200.2 (2.0)
`199.3 (2.6)
`161.7 (1.4)
`189.6 (3.1)
`191.9 (2.3)
`
`169.8 (1.3)
`170.1 (1.4)
`
`169.4 (1.7)
`175.2 (2.7)
`163.1 (1.7)
`
`170.4 (1.8)
`190.0 (1.9)
`131.0 (1.8)
`166.3 (2.1)
`170.0 (2.2)
`
`197.8 (1.9)
`197.9 (2.0)
`
`196.9 (3.1)
`200.9 (2.0)
`194.7 (1.9)
`
`202.2 (2.4)
`197.7 (2.6)
`161.1 (1.3)
`190.5 (1.9)
`190.4 (2.5)
`
`170.5 (1.7)
`170.6 (1.7)
`
`167.6 (1.9)
`176.4 (3.0)
`166.5 (2.6)
`
`170.9 (2.1)
`186.1 (2.4)
`132.4 (1.1)
`169.0 (1.6)
`171.9 (1.5)
`
`--- Data not available.
`1Includes other races not shown separately.
`2Age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. census population using age groups 20–39, 40–59, and 60 and over.
`3Includes Mexican-American persons.
`
`SOURCE: NCHS, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2016.
`
`Page 6 of 16
`
`

`

`National Health Statistics Reports  Number 122  December 20, 2018
`
`Page 7
`
`Table 3. Mean height (centimeters) among men and women aged 20 and over, by survey years, age group, and race and Hispanic origin: United States, 1999–2016
`
`Sex, age, and race and
`Hispanic origin
`
`Men
`20 and over1 (crude) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`20 and over1,2 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Age group:
`20–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`40–59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`60 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Race and Hispanic origin2:
`Non-Hispanic white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Mexican-American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Women
`20 and over1 (crude) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`20 and over1,2 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Age group:
`20–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`40–59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`60 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Race and Hispanic origin2:
`Non-Hispanic white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Mexican-American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Survey years
`
`1999–2000
`
`2001–2002
`
`2003–2004
`
`2005–2006
`
`2007–2008
`
`2009–2010
`
`2011–2012
`
`2013–2014
`
`2015–2016
`
`175.7 (0.2)
`175.6 (0.2)
`
`176.2 (0.2)
`176.3 (0.4)
`173.5 (0.3)
`
`177.0 (0.3)
`176.0 (0.3)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`169.0 (0.3)
`
`162.1 (0.3)
`162.1 (0.2)
`
`163.2 (0.3)
`162.8 (0.4)
`159.0 (0.2)
`
`163.1 (0.2)
`163.0 (0.3)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`156.8 (0.3)
`
`176.4 (0.2)
`176.2 (0.2)
`
`177.1 (0.3)
`176.8 (0.4)
`173.6 (0.4)
`
`177.3 (0.2)
`177.1 (0.2)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`169.8 (0.4)
`
`162.2 (0.2)
`162.1 (0.2)
`
`162.8 (0.3)
`163.1 (0.2)
`159.4 (0.2)
`
`163.1 (0.2)
`162.8 (0.3)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`156.9 (0.5)
`
`176.5 (0.2)
`176.4 (0.2)
`
`177.0 (0.4)
`177.1 (0.3)
`174.3 (0.3)
`
`177.8 (0.3)
`176.6 (0.3)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`170.1 (0.5)
`
`162.3 (0.3)
`162.4 (0.3)
`
`163.4 (0.3)
`162.7 (0.4)
`159.9 (0.4)
`
`163.3 (0.2)
`162.7 (0.4)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`157.3 (0.3)
`
`176.2 (0.2)
`176.2 (0.2)
`
`176.9 (0.2)
`176.7 (0.4)
`173.9 (0.2)
`
`177.4 (0.2)
`177.2 (0.3)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`169.5 (0.4)
`
`162.1 (0.2)
`162.1 (0.2)
`
`163.0 (0.3)
`162.7 (0.3)
`159.6 (0.3)
`
`163.2 (0.1)
`162.5 (0.3)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`157.2 (0.3)
`
`Mean (standard error)
`175.9 (0.3)
`175.8 (0.3)
`
`176.3 (0.4)
`176.6 (0.4)
`173.8 (0.3)
`
`177.5 (0.3)
`176.5 (0.2)
`---
`---
`169.4 (0.4)
`169.0 (0.4)
`
`162.2 (0.2)
`162.3 (0.2)
`
`163.4 (0.3)
`162.8 (0.3)
`159.7 (0.3)
`
`163.5 (0.2)
`163.2 (0.4)
`---
`---
`156.7 (0.4)
`156.2 (0.3)
`
`175.9 (0.3)
`175.9 (0.3)
`
`176.4 (0.4)
`176.8 (0.4)
`173.6 (0.3)
`
`177.5 (0.3)
`176.0 (0.4)
`---
`---
`170.4 (0.5)
`169.7 (0.5)
`
`161.9 (0.2)
`162.0 (0.2)
`
`163.1 (0.3)
`162.5 (0.2)
`159.6 (0.3)
`
`163.3 (0.2)
`162.6 (0.3)
`---
`---
`156.7 (0.3)
`156.2 (0.3)
`
`175.7 (0.3)
`175.7 (0.3)
`
`176.6 (0.3)
`175.8 (0.6)
`174.0 (0.4)
`
`177.2 (0.4)
`176.0 (0.4)
`170.0 (0.2)
`170.4 (0.4)
`170.1 (0.4)
`
`162.0 (0.3)
`162.1 (0.4)
`
`163.5 (0.4)
`162.4 (0.5)
`159.5 (0.4)
`
`163.6 (0.4)
`163.0 (0.4)
`157.2 (0.3)
`156.7 (0.3)
`156.3 (0.4)
`
`175.8 (0.3)
`175.8 (0.3)
`
`176.3 (0.3)
`176.4 (0.5)
`174.2 (0.4)
`
`177.2 (0.4)
`176.6 (0.4)
`169.9 (0.7)
`171.0 (0.4)
`170.7 (0.4)
`
`161.6 (0.3)
`161.8 (0.3)
`
`162.8 (0.3)
`162.4 (0.4)
`159.0 (0.3)
`
`163.0 (0.3)
`162.8 (0.4)
`156.6 (0.5)
`157.6 (0.3)
`157.0 (0.3)
`
`175.3 (0.3)
`175.4 (0.3)
`
`176.1 (0.3)
`175.8 (0.4)
`173.4 (0.5)
`
`177.4 (0.3)
`175.5 (0.3)
`169.7 (0.4)
`169.5 (0.5)
`168.8 (0.4)
`
`161.5 (0.3)
`161.7 (0.3)
`
`162.7 (0.4)
`162.1 (0.4)
`159.3 (0.5)
`
`163.3 (0.3)
`162.6 (0.3)
`156.2 (0.5)
`156.7 (0.3)
`156.1 (0.4)
`
`p for linear
`trend
`
`0.006†
`0.040‡
`
`0.096
`0.047
`0.965
`
`0.885
`0.004
`0.329
`0.779
`0.113
`
`0.010
`0.092
`
`0.407
`0.041
`0.588
`
`0.788
`0.827
`0.102
`0.592
`0.159
`
`--- Data not available.
` Includes a significant quadratic term for 1999–2016. Mean height increased from 1999–2000 through 2003–2004 (p = 0.017) and then decreased until 2015–2016 (p < 0.001). Slopes for line segments are significantly different (p = 0.003).
` Includes a significant quadratic term for 1999–2016. Mean height increased from 1999–2000 through 2003–2004 (p = 0.009) and then decreased until 2015–2016 (p = 0.002). Slopes for line segments are significantly different (p = 0.003).
`1Includes other races not shown separately.
`2Age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. census population using age groups 20–39, 40–59, and 60 and over.
`3Includes Mexican-American persons.
`
`†‡
`
`SOURCE: NCHS, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2016.
`
`Page 7 of 16
`
`

`

`Page 8
`
`National Health Statistics Reports  Number 122  December 20, 2018
`
`Table 4. Mean height (inches) among men and women aged 20 and over, by survey years, age group, and race and Hispanic origin: United States, 1999–2016
`
`Sex, age, and race and
`Hispanic origin
`
`Men
`20 and over1 (crude) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`20 and over1,2 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Age group:
`20–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`40–59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`60 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Race and Hispanic origin2:
`Non-Hispanic white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Mexican-American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Women
`20 and over1 (crude) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`20 and over1,2 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Age group:
`20–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`40–59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`60 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Race and Hispanic origin2:
`Non-Hispanic white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Non-Hispanic Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Mexican-American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`1999–2000
`
`2001–2002
`
`2003–2004
`
`2005–2006
`
`2007–2008
`
`2009–2010
`
`2011–2012
`
`2013–2014
`
`2015–2016
`
`Survey years
`
`69.2 (0.1)
`69.2 (0.1)
`
`69.4 (0.1)
`69.4 (0.2)
`68.3 (0.1)
`
`69.7 (0.1)
`69.3 (0.1)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`66.5 (0.1)
`
`63.8 (0.1)
`63.8 (0.1)
`
`64.3 (0.1)
`64.1 (0.2)
`62.6 (0.1)
`
`64.2 (0.1)
`64.2 (0.1)
`---
`---
`---
`---
`61.7 (0.1)
`
`69.4 (