Method and apparatus for personalizing secure elements insettling payments
`using mobile devices
`
`Abstract
`
`Techniques for personalizing secure elements in NFC devices to enable various
`secure transactions over a network (wired and/or wireless network) are disclosed.
`With a personalized secure element (hence secured element) in place, techniques for
`provisioning various applications or services are also provided. Interactions among
`different parties are managed to effectuate a personalization or provisioning process
`flawlessly to enable an NFC device for a user thereof to start enjoying the
`convenience of commerce over a data network with minimum effortmobile devices
`configured to support settlement of charges in electronic invoices or bills are
`described. A mobile device embedded with a secure element generates or is loaded
`with an electronic invoice. When the mobile device is brought to a consumer with an
`NFC mobile device, the data including the electronic invoice and other information
`regarding the mobile device or an owner thereof is read off wirelessly into the NFC
`mobile device. After the user verifies the amount being charged and authorizes the
`payment, the NFC mobile device communicates with a payment gateway or network
`for payment that is configured to proceed with the payment in accordance with a
`chosen payment methods.
`
`Description
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
`[0001]
`This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser.
`No.: 11/534,653 filed on Sep. 24, 2006, now US Pat. No. ______, and also a
`continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.: 11/739,044 filed on Apr.
`23, 2007, which is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser.
`No.: 11/534,653 filed on Sep. 24, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. ______.
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`[0002]
`1. Technical Field of the Invention
`[0003]
`The present invention is generally related to the area of electronic commerce over
`networks. Particularly, the present invention is related to techniques for
`personalizing a secure element and provisioning an application such as an electronic
`purse that can be advantageously used in portable devicesa mobile device
`configured for bothto settle payments using a mobile device reading electronic
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`commerce (a.k.a., e-commerce) and mobile commerce (a.k.a., m-commerce)bills or
`invoices off from another mobile device in a near field communication range.
`[0004]
`2. DescriptionThe Background of the Related Art
`[0005]
`Single functional cards have been successfully used in enclosed environments such
`as transportation systems. One example of such single functional cards is MIFARE
`that has been selected as the most successful contactless smart card technology.
`MIFARE is the perfect solution for applications like loyalty and vending cards, road
`tolling, city cards, access control and gaming.
`[0006]
`However, single functional card applications are deployed in enclosed systems,
`which are difficult to be expanded into other areas such as e-commerce and
`m-commerce because stored values and transaction information are stored in data
`storage of each tag that is protected by a set of keys. The nature of the tag is that the
`keys need to be delivered to the card for authentication before any data can be
`accessed during a transaction. This constraint makes systems using such technology
`difficult to be expanded to an open environment such as the Internet for e-commerce
`and/or wireless networks for m-commerce as the delivery of keys over a public
`domain network causes security concerns.
`[0007]
`In general, a smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC), is any
`pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits. A smart card or
`microprocessor cards contain volatile memory and microprocessor components.
`Smart cards may also provide strong security authentication for single sign-on
`(SSO) within large organizations. The benefits of smart cards are directly related to
`the volume of information and applications that are programmed for use on a card. A
`single contact/contactless smart card can be programmed with multiple banking
`credentials, medical entitlement, driver's license/public transport entitlement,
`loyalty programs and club memberships to name just a few. Multi-factor and
`proximity authentication can and has been embedded into smart cards to increase the
`security of all services on the card.
`[0008]
`Contactless smart cards that do not require physical contact between card and reader
`are becoming increasingly popular for payment and ticketing applications such as
`mass transit and highway tolls. Such Near Field Communication (NFC) between a
`contactless smart card and a reader presents significant business opportunities when
`used in NFC-enabled mobile phones for applications such as payment, transport
`ticketing, loyalty, physical access control, and other exciting new services.
`[0009]
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`To support this fast evolving business environment, several entities including
`financial institutions, manufactures of various NFC-enabled mobile phones and
`software developers, in addition to mobile network operators (MNO), become
`involved in the NFC mobile ecosystem. By nature of their individual roles, these
`players need to communicate with each other and exchange messages in a reliable
`and interoperable way.
`[0010]
`One of the concerns in the NFC mobile ecosystem is its security in an open network.
`Thus there is a need to provide techniques to personalize a secure element in a
`contactless smart card or an NFC-enabled mobile device so that such a device is so
`secured and personalized when it comes to financial applications or secure
`transactions. With a personalized secure element in an NFC-enabled mobile device,
`various applications or services, such as electronic purse or payments, can be
`realized. Accordingly, there is another need for techniques to provision or manage
`an application or service in connection with a personalized secure element
`For many credit or debit card transactions, the payment process is started by a
`customer asking for a bill when checking out a purchase. A cashier or service
`member brings a bill to the customer for verification. The customer then hands out a
`credit/debit card to the service staff member. The service member brings the card to
`a Point of Sales (POS) counter to initiate a transaction payment. The service member
`then brings back a receipt to the customer for signature to authorize the transaction.
`It is a lengthy process that typically takes a couple of minutes or much longer when
`the service member has to take care of multiple payment transactions at a time. In
`addition, in the case for the debit card transactions, the process may be even more
`troublesome when a PIN is needed to authorize the transaction at the POS.
`There is a need to simplify the payment process. With the advancement in mobile
`devices, it is anticipated that many consumers will carry one with them. Thus there is
`an opportunity of using a mobile device to quickly settle the payment at a point of
`sale (POS).
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`[0011]
`This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the
`present invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments.
`Simplifications or omissions in this section as well as the title and the abstract of this
`disclosure may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the title and
`the abstract. Such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of
`the present invention.
`[0012]
`Broadly speaking, the invention is related to techniques for personalizing secure
`elements in NFC devices to enable various secure transactions over a network
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`(wired and/or wireless network). With a personalized secure element (hence secured
`element), techniques for provisioning various applications or services are also
`provided. Interactions among different parties are managed to effectuate a
`personalization or provisioning process flawlessly to enable an NFC device for a
`user thereof to start enjoying the convenience of commerce over a data network with
`minimum effort.
`[0013]
`As an example of application to be provided over a secured element, a mechanism is
`provided to enable devices, especially portable devices, to function as an electronic
`purse (e-purse) to conduct transactions over an open network with a payment server
`without compromising security. According to one embodiment, a device is installed
`with an e-purse manager (i.e., an application). The e-purse manager is configured to
`manage various transactions and functions as a mechanism to access an emulator
`therein. Secured financial transactions can then be conducted over a wired network,
`a wireless network or a combination of both wired and wireless network.
`[0014]
`According to another aspect of the present invention, security keys (either
`symmetric or asymmetric) are personalized so as to personalize an e-purse and
`perform a secured transaction with a payment server. In one embodiment, the
`essential data to be personalized into an e-purse include one or more operation keys
`(e.g., a load key and a purchase key), default PINs, administration keys (e.g., an
`unblock PIN key and a reload PIN key), and passwords (e.g., from Mifare). During a
`transaction, the security keys are used to establish a secured channel between an
`embedded e-purse and an SAM (Security Authentication Module) or a backend
`server.
`[0015]
`The present invention may be implemented in various forms including a method, a
`system, an apparatus, a part of a system or a computer readable medium. According
`to one embodiment, the present invention is a method for personalizing a secure
`element associated with a computing device. The method comprises initiating data
`communication with a server, sending device information of the secure element in
`responding to a request from the server after the server determines that the secure
`element is registered therewith, wherein the device information is a sequence of
`characters uniquely identifying the secure element, and the request is a command
`causing the computing device to retrieve the device information from the secure
`element, receiving at least a set of keys from the server, wherein the keys are
`generated in the server in accordance with the device information of the secure
`element, and storing the set of keys in the secure element to facilitate a subsequent
`transaction by the computing device.
`[0016]
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`According to another embodiment, the present invention is a method for
`personalizing a secure element associated with a computing device. The method
`comprises receiving an inquiry to establish data communication between a server
`and the computing device, sending a request from the server to the computing device
`to request device information of the secure element after the server determines that
`the computing device is registered therewith, wherein the device information is a
`sequence of characters uniquely identifying the secure element, and the request is a
`command that subsequently causes the computing device to retrieve the device
`information from the secure element therein, generating at least a set of keys in
`accordance with the device information received, delivering the set of keys through
`a secured channel over a data network to the computing device, wherein the set of
`keys is caused to be stored in the secure element with the computing device, and
`notifying at least a related party that the secure element is now personalized for
`subsequent trusted transactions.
`[0017]
`
`The present invention is related to techniques for mobile devices configured to
`support settlement of charges in electronic invoices or bills. According to one aspect
`of the present invention, a mobile device embedded with a secure element generates
`or is loaded with an electronic invoice. When the mobile device is brought to a
`consumer with an NFC mobile device, the data including the electronic invoice and
`other information regarding the mobile device or an owner thereof is read off
`wirelessly into the NFC mobile device. After the user verifies the amount being
`charged and authorizes the payment, the NFC mobile device communicates with a
`payment gateway or network for payment that is configured to proceed with the
`payment in accordance with a chosen payment methods.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, the mobile device is a
`contactless card or part of a point of sale (POS) machine used to generate the
`electronic invoice. One embodiment of the present invention provides unanticipated
`benefits and advantages in an application in which a payment process would
`otherwise have to be involved in more than one contacts between a merchant and the
`consumer. One of such applications is a payment process in a restaurant, where a
`consumer is given a check first for verification and a chance to add a gratitude before
`a final charge is determined and paid. Using the NFC mobile device, the consumer
`can finish the payment using a chosen payment method at the point of sale without
`further contacting the merchant.
`According to still another aspect of the present invention, a consumer uses his/her
`mobile device, per the data received therein, to settle the payment process with a
`payment network, where the payment network may be an existing payment
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`infrastructure (e.g., money transfer or credit card/debit). A payment response is sent
`to the merchant once a payment is delivered to a designed account by the merchant.
`According to still another aspect of the present invention, the mobile device being
`used by the consumer is itself an electronic purse. Thus the consumer operates
`his/her mobile device to settle the charge once the electronic invoice is received and
`displayed thereon.
`According to still another aspect of the present invention, the mobile device used by
`the consumer is a near field communication (NFC) device and being part of a mobile
`payment ecosystem in which various parties are work with each other in order for
`the mobile payment ecosystem successful. Via a server (e.g., implemented as a
`manager) configured to provide what is referred to herein as Trusted Service
`Management (TSM), the secure element in the mobile device can be remotely
`personalized and various applications or modules can be downloaded, updated,
`managed or replaced after they are respectively provisioned via the Trusted Service
`Manager (i.e., the TSM server). One of the modules being installed in the POS
`machine or an NFC device used by the merchant is referred to as Smart Bill
`Payment. The module is configured to facilitate the communication between the
`merchant (its device) and the user (his/her mobile device) and the data exchange
`therebetween, where the mobile device being used by the user is installed with a
`corresponding application related to Smart Bill Payment.
`One important features, advantages and benefits in the present invention is to
`facilitate the settlement of charges using an NFC mobile device to read off data
`pertaining to an electronic invoice. The present invention may be implemented as a
`single device, a server, a system or a part of system. It is believed that various
`implementations may lead to results that may not be achieved conventionally.
`According to still anotherone embodiment, the present invention is a method for
`provisioning an application installed in a mobile devicesettling a payment, the
`method comprises sending to a server an identifier identifying the application
`together with: providing a software module to be executed in a first mobile device
`information ofembedded with a secure element associated with a mobile device on
`which the application has been installed, establishing a secured channel between,
`wherein the secure element has been personalized and the server using a set of key
`set installed insoftware module is provisioned with the personalized secure element,
`receiving data prepared by the server to enable the application to function as
`designed on thethe first mobile device is configured to include data pertaining to an
`electronic invoice; receiving a payment request from a second mobile device; and
`sending out an acknowledgement to after a provideruser of the application about a
`status of the application now being active with the secure element onsecond mobile
`device authorizes the payment to the electronic invoice transported wirelessly from
`the first mobile device. The data received in, wherein the second mobile device
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`includesis a user interface of the application per the mobilenear-field
`communication device and a generated application key set.
`[0018]
`According to still another embodiment, the present invention is a method for
`provisioningis configured to execute an application, that communicates with the
`method comprises receiving from asoftware module in the first mobile device an
`identifier identifying the application together with device information of a secure
`element associated withto read the data off from the first mobile device on which;
`verifying the application has been installed, establishing a secured channel between
`the secure element and the server using a set of key set installed onpayment request;
`and sending a payment response to a user of the secure element, preparing data
`necessary for the application to function as designed on thefirst mobile device,
`transporting after the data from the server to enable the application via the secured
`channel; and notifying a provider of the application about a status of the application
`now active with the secure element on thepayment request is processed. In the
`embodiment, the second mobile device includes a display screen and is caused to
`display the electronic invoice when the data is in the second mobile device.
`[0019]
`
`According to yet another embodiment, the present invention is a mobile device for
`conducting a transaction over a network, the mobile devicegateway provided for
`settling a payment, the gateway may include a server or a collection of servers. The
`gateway comprises a network interface, a secure element, a memory space for
`storing at leastportal providing a software module and an applicationto be
`downloaded from the network, a processor coupled to the memory space and
`configured to execute the module to cause operations including verifying whether
`the application has been provisioned. When it is verified that the application has not
`been provisioned, the operations further comprise sending to a server via the
`network interface an identifier identifying the application together withand executed
`in a first mobile device information ofembedded with a secure element, establishing
`a secured channel betweenwherein the secure element has been personalized and the
`server using a key set installed onsoftware module is provisioned with the
`personalized secure element, wherein the serverfirst mobile device is configured to
`prepareinclude data necessary forpertaining to an electronic invoice. The gateway
`further comprises a server that includes: a processor and a store, coupled to the
`processor, for code to be executed in the processor to cause the applicationserver to
`function as designed onperform operations of:
`
`receiving a payment request from a second mobile device after a user of the second
`mobile device, receiving authorizes the data from the serverpayment to associate the
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`application with the secure element, and sending out an acknowledgement to a
`provider of the application about a status of the application that is now active with
`the secure element. The processor is furtherelectronic invoice transported wirelessly
`from the first mobile device, wherein the second mobile device is a near-field
`communication device and is configured to determine if the secure element has been
`personalized before performing a provisioning process of the application. If the
`secure element has not been personalized,execute an application that communicates
`with the software module in the first mobile device is caused to personalizeread the
`secure element with a designed server.
`[0020]
`One of the objects, features, and advantages of the present invention is to enable a
`mobile device that can be used to perform a secured transaction with a party (e.g., at
`a point of sale, with a commercial server or accessing remotely) over an unsecured
`network (e.g., the Internet).
`[0021]data off from the first mobile device;
`verifying the payment request; and
`sending a payment response to a user of the first mobile device after the payment
`request is processed.
`Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention, which will become
`apparent upon examining the following detailed description of an embodiment
`thereof, taken in conjunction with the attached drawings.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`[0022]
`The invention will be readily understood by the following detailed description in
`conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals
`designate like structural elements, and in which:
`[0023]
`FIG. 1A shows a simplified architecture of an NFC-enabled mobile device with a
`secure element (SE);
`[0024]
`FIG. 1B shows a flowchart or process of personalizing an SEsystem configuration
`according to one embodiment of the present invention, where the payment network
`represents a collection of services or networks provided to settle payments via a
`financial institution;
`[0025]
`FIG. 1C shows relationships among an SE manufacturer, a TSM admin and the TSM
`system for both offline and online modes;
`[0026]
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`FIG. 1D illustrates data flows among a user for an NFC device (e.g., an NFC mobile
`phone), the NFC device itself, a TSM server, a corresponding SE manufacturer and
`an SE issuer;
`[0027]
`FIG. 1E shows a data flowchart or process of personalizing data flow among three
`entities: a land-based SAM or a network e-purse server, an e-purse acting as a
`gatekeeper, and a single function tag, according to one embodiment;
`[0028]
`FIG. 1B shows a flowchart or process of settling a payment according to one
`embodiment, where the process may be implemented in software or a combination
`of software and hardware;
`FIG. 2A shows a mobile payment ecosystem in which related parties are shown in
`order for the mobile payment ecosystem successful;
`[0029]
`FIG. 2B shows a flowchart or process of provisioning one or more applications
`according to one embodiment;
`[0030]
`FIG. 2C shows a data flow illustrating various interactions among different parties
`when an application is being provisioned in one embodiment;
`[0031]
`FIG. 2D shows a data flow among different entities when preparing the application
`data in provisioning an application;
`[0032]
`FIG. 2E shows a flowchart or process for locking or disabling an installed
`application;
`[0033]
`FIG. 2F shows an exemplary architecture diagram of a portable device enabled as an
`e-purse conducting e-commerce and m-commerce, according to one embodiment of
`the present invention;
`[0034]
`FIG. 3A is a block diagram of related modules interacting with each other to achieve
`what is referred to herein as e-purse personalization by an authorized personnel
`(a.k.a., personalizing a mobile device or a secure element therein while provisioning
`an application);
`[0035]
`FIG. 3B shows a block diagram of related modules interacting with each other to
`achieve what is referred to herein as e-purse personalization by a user of the e-purse;
`[0036]
`FIG. 3C shows a flowchart or process of personalizing an e-purse according to one
`embodiment of the present invention;
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`[0037]
`FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show together a flowchart or process of financing, funding,
`load or top-up an e-purse according to one embodiment of the present invention;
`[0038]
`FIG. 4C shows an exemplary block diagram of related blocks interacting with each
`other to achieve the process FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B;
`[0039]
`FIG. 5A is a diagram showing a first exemplary architecture of a portable device for
`enabling e-commerce and m-commerce functionalities over a cellular
`communications network (i.e., 3G, LTE or GPRS network), according an
`embodiment of the present invention;
`[0040]
`FIG. 5B is a diagram showing a second exemplary architecture of a portable device
`for enabling e-commerce and m-commerce functionalities over a wired and/or
`wireless data network (e.g., Internet), according another embodiment of the present
`invention;
`[0041]
`FIG. 5C is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of enabling the portable
`device of FIG. 5A for services/applications provided by one or more service
`providers in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
`[0042]
`FIG. 6A is a diagram showing an exemplary architecture, in which a portable device
`is enabled as a mobile POS conducting e-commerce and m-commerce, according to
`one embodiment of the present invention;
`[0043]
`FIG. 6B is a diagram showing an exemplary architecture, in which a portable device
`is enabled as a mobile POS conducting a transaction upload operation over a
`network, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
`[0044]
`FIG. 6C is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of conducting m-commerce
`using the portable device enabled as a mobile POS with an e-token enabled device as
`a single functional card in accordance with one embodiment of the present
`invention;
`[0045]
`FIG. 6D is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of conducting m-commerce
`using the portable device enabled as a mobile POS against a an e-token enabled
`device as a multi-functional card; and
`[0046]
`FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting an exemplary configuration in which a portable device
`used for an e-ticking application.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
`[0047]
`In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a
`thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be
`practiced without these specific details. The description and representation herein
`are the means used by those experienced or skilled in the art to effectively convey
`the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. In other instances, well-known
`methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have not been described in detail
`since they are already well understood and to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects
`of the present invention.
`[0048]
`Reference herein to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular
`feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can
`be included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the
`phrase “in one embodiment” or “in the embodiment” in various places in the
`specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are
`separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
`Further, the order of blocks in process, flowcharts or functional diagrams
`representing one or more embodiments do not inherently indicate any particular
`order nor imply limitations in the invention. As used in this specification and the
`appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents
`unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term
`“or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the context clearly
`dictates otherwise.
`[0049]
`Embodiments of the present invention are discussed herein with reference to FIGS.
`1A-7. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed
`description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes
`only as the invention extends beyond these limited embodiments.
`[0050]
`Near Field Communication (NFC) presents significant business opportunities when
`used in mobile phonesdevices for applications such as payment, transport ticketing,
`loyalty, physical access control, and other exciting new services. To support this fast
`evolving business environment, several entities including financial institutions,
`manufactures of various NFC-enabled mobile phones and software developers, in
`addition to Mobile Network Operators (MNO), become involved in the NFC mobile
`ecosystem. By nature of their individual roles, these players need to communicate
`with each other and exchange messages in a reliable and interoperable way.
`[0051]
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`Equally important to these entities or players, is the need for ongoing security and
`confidentiality of sensitive applications and data downloaded to and stored on an
`NFC enabled handset for performing contactless transactions. The component in a
`mobile phone providing the security and confidentiality requiredor devices are being
`advanced to support various business modelsuses in this environment, is referred to
`as a Secure Element (SE)daily life.
`[0052]
`FIG. 1A shows a simplified architecture of a computing device 100
`FIG. 1A shows a system configuration 100 according to one embodiment of the
`present invention. A network 102 represents a collection of services or networks
`provided to settle payments by a financial institution. In other words, it is a system
`providing services to electronically transfer money or settle payments. What makes
`it a system is that it employs cash-substitutes as the traditional payments are
`negotiable instruments such as drafts (e.g., checks) and documentary credits, such as
`letter of credits. With the advent of computers and electronic communications, a
`large number of alternative electronic payment systems have emerged. These
`include debit cards, credit cards, electronic funds transfers, direct credits, direct
`debits, internet banking and e-commerce payment systems. Payment systems are
`used in lieu of tendering cash in domestic and international transactions and consist
`of a major service provided by banks and other financial institutions.
`The payment system or network 102 may be physical or electronic and has its own
`procedures and protocols. An example of the payment system that has become
`globally available is Visa or Master Card, a true global credit card and automated
`teller machine network. Both merchants and consumers use the payment system to
`settle transactions.
`According to one embodiment, a payment gateway 104 includes a server or a
`collection of servers configured to provide an application that may be installed in a
`mobile device for a user thereof to enjoy one of the benefits in the present invention.
`The application named smart bill payment herein is published in the Internet and
`may be downloaded from a designated place (e.g., a portal provided by a server). A
`user uses a mobile device to download the application and install it in the mobile
`device. The application may be automatically or manually executed to authorize a
`payment to a displayed electronic invoice, wherein the electronic invoice is
`generated or produced from a data exchange with another device via a secure
`element in the mobile device. Unless otherwise explicitly indicated, the term of
`“mobile device”, “computing device”, “mobilesmart phone”, “portable device” or,
`“handset” or the like will be interchangeably used herein, but those skilled in the art
`will understand the description herein shall be equally applicable to other devices
`such as a smart phonewearable watch, a tablet, a laptop computer, a contactless
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`smart card and other portable computing device with the capability of near field