`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0076023 A1
`Yumoto
`(43) Pub. Date:
`Mar. 27, 2008
`
`US 2008.0076023A1
`
`(54) LITHIUM CELL
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(76) Inventor: Hiroyuki Yumoto, Fishers, IN (US)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`HOWARD & HOWARD ATTORNEYS, P.C.
`E. PINEHURST OFFICE CENTER, SUITE
`394.00 WOODWARD AVENUE
`BLOOMFIELD HILLS, MI 48304-5151 (US)
`9.
`11/903.400
`9
`Sep. 21, 2007
`
`21) Appl. No.:
`(21) Appl. No
`(22) Filed:
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/846,320, filed on Sep.
`21, 2006.
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`HOIM 2/02
`(2006.01)
`H0 IM 2/30
`(52) U.S. Cl. ............................................ 429/178; 429/163
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A lithium cell (cell) suitable for use in a battery pack
`comprises a housing, first and second electrodes of opposite
`charge disposed and spaced from each other in the housing.
`The first electrode comprises a first active component and
`the second electrode comprises a second active component
`different from the first active component. The cell further
`comprises first and second current collectors disposed and
`spaced from each other in the housing. The first and second
`current collectors are in electrical communication with the
`first and second electrodes, respectively. The cell further
`comprises a separator disposed in the housing between the
`first and second electrodes.
`
`
`
`Precision Power, LLC Exhibit 1006, Page 1 of 7
`Precision Power, LLC v. PowerTech Solutions International, LLC
`PGR2021-00043
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication Mar. 27, 2008
`
`US 2008/0076023 A1
`
`CN
`
`Q Q N Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q $ 69 N N N N N N N N `N:::
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`E
`
`\ \
`
`k<S>
`
`
`
`
`
`<SSSSSSSSSSSRSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS}?S?S?S?S????NANS, NOENS, NOEN
`
`Precision Power, LLC Exhibit 1006, Page 2 of 7
`Precision Power, LLC v. PowerTech Solutions International, LLC
`PGR2021-00043
`
`
`
`US 2008/0076023 A1
`
`Mar. 27, 2008
`
`LITHIUM CELL
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`0001) This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provi
`sional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/846.320 filed on Sep.
`21, 2006 and incorporated herewith in its entirety.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`0002 The present invention generally relates to a lithium
`cell, and, more specifically, to lithium-ion cell.
`
`DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
`0003 Lithium-ion cells, sometimes called Li-ion cells,
`are a type of secondary, i.e., rechargeable, battery commonly
`used in consumer electronics. They are currently one of the
`most popular types of battery for portable electronics, with
`one of the best energy-to-weight ratios, no memory effect,
`and a slow loss of charge when not in use. Lithium-ion
`batteries can be formed into a wide variety of shapes and
`sizes so as to efficiently fill available space in the devices
`they power. With their high energy density, lithium-ion cells
`are being developed for applications in hybrid electric
`vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs).
`0004 The anode of a conventional Li-ion cell is typically
`made from carbon, the cathode from a metal oxide, and the
`electrolyte is a lithium salt in an organic solvent. Liquid
`electrolytes in Li-ion batteries consist of solid lithium-salt
`electrolytes, such as LiPF, LiBF, or LiCIO, and organic
`Solvents, such as ether. A liquid electrolyte conducts Li ions,
`which act as a carrier between the cathode and the anode
`when a battery passes an electric current through an external
`circuit. In certain lithium-ion cells, lithium ions move
`between the positive and negative electrode plates, and these
`are called rocking chair cells.
`0005. Many lithium-ion cells contain such negative elec
`trode plates, positive electrode plates, and if needed a
`separator between them and have a wound or laminated
`structure with electrolyte solution poured into the structure,
`sealed into a metal or metal laminate case. Copper foil is
`commonly used for collectors of the negative electrode
`plate. A slurry of active material, bonder or adhesive, and if
`needed a conduction aid, is coated on the copper foil, dried
`and pressed to obtain a negative electrode plate.
`0006.
`Usually, completely discharged active material is
`used in the negative electrode plate. In the case of active
`material Such as graphite, etc., immediately after assembly,
`the negative electrode potential may be higher than the
`corrosion potential of the copper foil. Thus, for Suppressing
`the copper foil negative electrode, a process of lowering the
`negative electrode potential may be necessary. This process
`is highly critical in terms of cost. Such phenomenon occurs
`not only in the production step. During abusive over
`discharge, the potential of the negative electrode may
`increase above the corrosion potential of copper, causing
`serious problems.
`0007. In the United States Publication No. 24157124A1,
`a method for preventing the negative electrode potential
`increasing above the corrosion potential by doping the
`positive electrode side was presented. In this method, the
`balance of the positive and negative electrodes is critical.
`
`There is still a question of whether this method is effective
`for worn negative electrode plates after a long-term usage
`with this balance destroyed. In Japanese Patent Reference
`No. JP3030996, a lithium foil is adhered to the negative
`electrode; thus, lithium ions are completely depleted from
`the negative electrode with extreme lowering of the negative
`electrode potential. The lithium ion cells have improved
`safety with removal of lithium metal from the system; thus,
`adding lithium foil into the system is not a welcome solu
`tion.
`0008 One of the big hindrances in developing lithium
`secondary cells is the lithium dendrite formation during
`charging. This occurs when lithium foil is used in the
`negative electrode, with lithium dendrite formation on the
`negative electrode during charging, finally lithium protrud
`ing through the separator, reaching the positive electrode
`and leading to shorting. In the worst case, this phenomenon
`causes severe thermal runaway reactions in the cell, leading
`to significant capacity reduction and, ultimately, to the
`sudden death of the cell by fire or explosion.
`0009. This problem is mostly solved by using lithium
`ion-storing material as the negative electrode as opposed to
`lithium metal, as disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,196,279 to
`Tarascon. Carbon and graphite are commonly used as
`lithium-storing active materials. Such materials store and
`release lithium ions at a potential very close to 0.1 V vs. Li,
`and are very effective negative electrode active materials
`with very high energy. However, because this potential is
`very close to that of metallic lithium, even the slightest
`increase in resistance can cause metallic lithium to readily
`plate out on the negative electrode. Such a problem may also
`be encountered when the negative electrode is deteriorated
`upon extended use and low-temperature use. Also, when the
`releasable lithium content of the positive electrode exceeds
`the storage content of the negative electrode, lithium is
`deposited in overcharging. With lamellar lithium transition
`metal oxides such as LiNiO and LiCoO, the releasable
`lithium content of the positive electrode is often made higher
`than the storage capacity of the negative electrode.
`0010. In overcharging, the negative electrode potential
`decreases significantly, resulting in reductive decomposition
`of the electrolyte with adverse effects on safety such as gas
`generation, etc. It seems that such reductive decomposition
`of electrolyte is further accelerated by the deposition of
`lithium with large surface area. Solid electrolyte interface
`layer (SEI layer) formed by the reductive decomposition of
`electrolyte is present on the negative electrode plate Surface,
`and this SEI layer seems to prevent further reductive decom
`position of the electrolyte. In overcharging, an increase of
`temperature causes decomposition of the SEI layer. Once the
`SEI is broken down, decomposition of the electrolyte occurs
`continuously on the negative electrode.
`0011 Furthermore, in overcharging, the positive elec
`trode potential also increases significantly, resulting in oxi
`dative decomposition of electrolyte releasing oxygen gas by
`decomposition of the active material. Such active material
`decomposition is accompanied by significant heat genera
`tion, and the entire cell runs hot, potentially causing an
`explosion.
`0012. In the case of using near 100% lithium, as in the
`case of LiMnO and LiFePO, by design, the lithium
`storage content of the positive electrode can be smaller than
`
`Precision Power, LLC Exhibit 1006, Page 3 of 7
`Precision Power, LLC v. PowerTech Solutions International, LLC
`PGR2021-00043
`
`
`
`US 2008/0076023 A1
`
`Mar. 27, 2008
`
`the storage content of the negative electrode. Therefore,
`cells employing these active materials on the positive elec
`trode and standard negative electrode materials will yield a
`safer cell, with respect to overcharge. Once the lithium
`content of the positive is charged into the negative electrode,
`there is no more lithium left in the cell to cycle. This is
`unlike the LiCoO or LiNiO, where there is a finite amount
`of Li remaining within the positive electrode structure,
`resulting in plating of Li on the negative electrode.
`0013. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,546 to Nagaura, active
`material having a spinel structure is used on both the positive
`and negative electrodes. This proposes a simple combination
`of the positive and negative electrodes, and this patent does
`not solve the safety problems of cells. As explained earlier,
`when lithium discharge from the positive electrode exceeds
`the storage capacity of lithium of the negative electrode,
`lithium deposition occurs, damaging the safety in overcharg
`1ng.
`0014) In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-027627
`(1998), the over-discharge problem is solved by using cells
`using metallic lithium and Li TisC). However, this is not
`effective against overcharging.
`0.015 When both high voltage and high current are
`needed, especially in electric vehicle applications, many
`cells are used in combination as a battery pack. In the case
`of lithium ion cells, because safety in overcharging and
`over-discharging cannot be maintained for each cell, func
`tions monitoring current and Voltage of each cell and func
`tions preventing overcharging and over-discharging are
`installed as a battery management system (BMS). Solving
`the safety in overcharging and over-discharging at the same
`time provides not only a simple quality improvement, but
`also a highly critical improvement in terms of production
`cost and BMS cost in battery pack.
`0016. In the U.S. Pat. No. 6,274,271 to Koshiba, et al.,
`the positive electrode plate-negative electrode plate capacity
`balance was shifted to higher positive electrode plate, and an
`additive was added to the negative electrode to maintain the
`potential above 0.15V even in overcharging. Since no excess
`lithium is present during over-discharge, cells with high
`safety even in over-discharging are expected. However, the
`negative electrode potential may still rise above the corro
`sion potential of copper foil. Since 0.15V is very close to OV.
`in operations requiring high resistance and high current at
`low temperature as would be expected in electric vehicle
`applications, there is a danger that in Voltage depression by
`resistance X current, the negative electrode potential may
`decrease below OV, resulting in deposition of lithium. The
`additives are not used in the usual cell cycling and are thus
`useless in normal operating conditions. These additives
`therefore cause an energy density decrease and material cost
`increase.
`0017 Accordingly, there remains an opportunity to pro
`vide a lithium cell that overcomes many of the aforemen
`tioned issues.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION AND
`ADVANTAGES
`0018. The present invention provides a lithium cell suit
`able for use in a battery pack. The lithium cell comprises a
`housing. The lithium cell further comprises first and second
`
`electrodes disposed and spaced from each other in the
`housing and having opposite charges. The first electrode
`comprises a first active component and the second electrode
`comprises a second active component different from the first
`active component. The lithium cell further comprises first
`and second current collectors disposed and spaced from each
`other in the housing. The first and second current collectors
`are in electrical communication with the first and second
`electrodes, respectively. The cell further comprises a sepa
`rator disposed in the housing between the first and second
`electrodes. At least one of the first and second electrodes
`further comprises an additive for maintaining a potential of
`the lithium cell in a range of from about 0.5V to about 1.5V
`and for preventing the potential from dropping below about
`0.5V.
`0019. The lithium cell of the present invention has excel
`lent overcharging and over-discharging properties.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`0020. Other advantages of the present invention will be
`readily appreciated, as the same becomes better understood
`by reference to the following detailed description when
`considered in connection with the accompanying drawings
`wherein:
`0021
`FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a lithium cell of
`the present invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`0022 Referring to the Figures, wherein like numerals
`indicate like or corresponding parts, a lithium cell is shown
`generally at 10 in FIG. 1. The lithium cell 10, hereinafter
`referred to as the cell 10, may be used in various industries
`and for various applications. The cell 10 is especially
`suitable for use in a battery pack (not shown). The cell 10
`may also be referred to as a lithium-ion cell 10. The cells 10
`of the present invention have improved safety in overcharg
`ing and over-discharging relative to conventional lithium
`cells. The cells 10 of the present invention are especially
`effective as high-output cells, and can be used in a hybrid
`electric vehicle (HEV) or an electric vehicle (EV). The cells
`10 of the present invention may also be used at low
`temperatures, and can be produced with improved energy
`density, increased productivity and cost reduction.
`0023 The cell 10 comprises a housing 12. The housing
`12, and therefore the cell 10, can be configured into various
`sizes and shapes. In one embodiment, the housing 12 is an
`envelope of rectangular configuration having a first terminal
`and a second terminal opposite the first terminal and spaced
`by side edges with each of the first and second terminals
`defining at least one opening. The housing 12 may be made
`of various materials known to those skilled in the battery art,
`Such as a metal or a metal laminate.
`0024. A first electrode 14, typically a positive electrode
`14, is disposed in the housing 12. The first electrode 14
`comprises a first active component. The first active compo
`nent is typically a lithium ion-storing active material, which
`can generally utilize 100% of the available lithium within
`the normal voltage range of the material. In certain embodi
`ments, the first active component comprises at least one of
`LiMnO, LiCoO, LiNiO, and LiFePO. In one embodi
`
`Precision Power, LLC Exhibit 1006, Page 4 of 7
`Precision Power, LLC v. PowerTech Solutions International, LLC
`PGR2021-00043
`
`
`
`US 2008/0076023 A1
`
`Mar. 27, 2008
`
`ment, the first active component is LiMn2O4. A transition
`metal site of the first active component may be doped, for
`example, with titanium, aluminum, magnesium, nickel,
`manganese, etc.
`0025. A second electrode 16, typically a negative elec
`trode 16, is disposed in the housing 12 and is spaced from
`the first electrode 14. As alluded to above, the second
`electrode 16 has an opposite charge from that of the first
`electrode 14. The second electrode 16 comprises a second
`active component different from the first active component.
`The second active component is typically a material that can
`store lithium species reversibly. In one embodiment, the
`second active component comprises Li TiO.
`0026. At least one of the first and second electrodes 14,
`16 further comprises an additive. Typically, the additive is
`present in at least the second electrode 16, more typically
`present injust the second electrode 16. The additive is useful
`for maintaining a potential of the cell 10 in a range of from
`about 0.5V to about 1.5V. The additive is also useful for
`preventing the potential of the cell 10 from dropping below
`about 0.5V. The additive is typically selected from the group
`of FeS2, FeS, CuO, CuO(PO), MoC), WO, and combi
`nations thereof. In one embodiment, the additive is FeS.
`The additive typically has a reaction potential with lithium
`of at least about 0.5V, more typically of from about 0.5V to
`about 1.5V, most typically of from about 1.0V to about 1.5V.
`0027. In certain embodiments, the second active material
`is active in lithium ion storage that composes the discharge
`process at 1V to 2V vs. lithium (Li). The additive reacts with
`lithium ions above 0.5V but at a potential lower than the
`second active material. The capacities of the additive and the
`second active material are balanced in Such a way that the
`capacity of the first electrode 14 is larger than that of the
`second active material alone. However, the sum of the
`capacities of the additive and the second active material
`together is larger than the capacity of the first electrode 14.
`0028. The first and second electrodes 14, 16 may each
`further comprise a binder. The binder may be any binder
`known to those skilled in the battery art. The binder is
`typically selected from the group of polyvinyldifluoride
`(PVDF), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and combinations
`thereof. In one embodiment, the binder is PVDF. In one
`embodiment, the first and second electrodes 14, 16 each
`comprise PVDF.
`0029. The first and second electrodes 14, 16 may each
`further comprise a conducting aid. The conducting aid may
`be any conducting aid known to those of ordinary skill in the
`battery art. Such as carbon black, graphite, etc. In one
`embodiment, the first and second electrodes 14, 16 each
`comprise the conducting aid, being as described as exem
`plified above.
`0030. A first current collector 18 is disposed in the
`housing 12. The first current collector 18 is in electrical
`communication with the first electrode 14. The first current
`collector 18 may be formed from various materials known to
`those skilled in the battery art, including, but not limited to,
`copper. In one embodiment, the first current collector 18
`comprises aluminum. In a further embodiment, the first
`current collector 18 is aluminum foil. In other embodiments,
`the first current collector 18 comprises an aluminum alloy.
`In one embodiment, at least a portion of the first current
`
`collector 18 is coated with the first electrode 14. In other
`embodiments, at least a portion of the first current collector
`18 is coated with the first active component.
`0031. A second current collector 20 is disposed in the
`housing 12 and is spaced from the first current collector 18.
`The second current collector 18 is in electrical communica
`tion with the second electrode 16. The second current
`collector 20 may be formed from various materials known to
`those skilled in the battery art, including, but not limited to,
`copper. In one embodiment, the second current collector 20
`comprises aluminum. In a further embodiment, the second
`current collector 20 is aluminum foil. In other embodiments,
`the second current collector 20 comprises an aluminum
`alloy. In one embodiment, at least a portion of the second
`current collector 20 is coated with the second electrode 16.
`In other embodiments, at least a portion of the second
`current collector 20 is coated with the second active com
`ponent and/or the additive.
`0032. In one embodiment, both the first and second
`current collectors 18, 20 are aluminum foil. This embodi
`ment is especially useful for reducing manufacturing cost
`and weight of the cell 10. Further, the first and second
`current collectors 18, 20 are generally resistant to corrosion
`by nonconductive surface coatings, making the cell 10
`generally safer than conventional lithium cells during over
`discharging. In addition, the need to charge the cell 10
`immediately after manufacture of the cell 10 may be omitted
`until the cell 10 needs to be charged for a first-time use by
`a consumer. It is believed that in certain embodiments, when
`aluminum foil is used for the second current collector 20 of
`the second electrode 16, the aluminum foil may react with
`lithium at potentials close to the lithium potential. Without
`being bound or limited by any particular theory, it is
`believed that such a reaction can be avoided by employing
`the additive and the first electrode 14-second electrode 16
`balance, being as described and exemplified above.
`0033. A separator 22 is disposed in the housing 12
`between the first and second electrodes 14, 16. Typically, the
`separator 22 is sandwiched between the first and second
`electrodes 14, 16 when they face each other. The separator
`22 may be formed from various materials known to those of
`ordinary skill in the battery art. For example, the separator
`22 may be a polyolefin membrane. Such as micro-porous
`polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. As another example, the
`separator 22 may also be ceramic.
`0034) Typically, the cell 10 further comprises an electro
`lyte composition disposed in the housing 12. The electrolyte
`composition may be any electrolyte composition known to
`those skilled in the battery art. If the electrolyte composition
`is in the form of a liquid or gel, the separator 22 is typically
`placed between the first and second electrodes 14, 16 to
`prevent shorting and to retain the electrolyte composition.
`0035 Examples of suitable electrolyte compositions, for
`purposes of the present invention, include, but are not
`limited to; electrolyte solutions obtained by dissolving
`lithium salt in a non-aqueous solvent, the non-aqueous
`Solvent may be a perfect liquid, perfect solid, or intermediate
`gel state; liquid electrolytes including alkyl carbonates, e.g.
`propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate, dialkyl carbon
`ates, cyclic ethers, cyclic esters, glymes, formates, esters,
`Sulfones, nitrates, oxazolidinones, etc.; polymeric Solid elec
`trolytes, such as polyethylene oxide (PEO), polymethylene
`
`Precision Power, LLC Exhibit 1006, Page 5 of 7
`Precision Power, LLC v. PowerTech Solutions International, LLC
`PGR2021-00043
`
`
`
`US 2008/0076023 A1
`
`Mar. 27, 2008
`
`polyethylene oxide (MPEO), PVDF or polyphosphazenes
`(PPE); and electrolyte salts including LiPF, LiClO,
`LiSCN, LiAlCl, LiBF LiN(CFSO), LiCFSOs,
`LiC(SOCF), LiOSCFCF, LiCFSO, LiCFCO,
`LiAsF, LiSbF, etc.
`0036). In embodiments employing the additive having a
`potential of at least about 0.5V, alternatively, at least about
`1.0 V. reductive decomposition of the electrolyte composi
`tion during overcharging of the cell 10 is highly suppressed.
`Thus, a wide-range of choices of electrolyte compositions
`are possible, as described and exemplified above. Specifi
`cally, destabilizing reactions within the cell 10 are generally
`prevented during overcharging of the cell, and battery packs
`or systems implementing the cell 10 or cells 10 can be used
`without problem, even if overcharging of the cell 10 or cells
`10 occurs.
`0037. The cells 10 of the present invention may have a
`wound structure, more typically, a laminated or a stacked
`structure. The structure typically comprises a plurality of the
`first and second electrodes 14, 16 and separators 22, for
`example, as illustrated in FIG. 1. The electrolytic composi
`tion may be poured into and/or onto the structure. The
`structure, the electrolytic composition, and the first and
`second current collectors 18, 20 are then sealed, i.e., encap
`sulated, by the housing 12. As shown in FIG. 1, the cell 10
`further includes is a first feed-thru 24 and a second feed-thru
`26 disposed in the openings of the first and second terminals
`of the housing 12, respectively. The first and second feed
`thrus 24, 26 are in electrical communication with the first
`and second current collectors 18, 20, respectively, to com
`municate power to and from the cell 10. While one method
`of making the cell 10 is described above, it is to be
`appreciated that present invention is not limited to any
`particular method of making the cell 10.
`0038. The present invention has been described herein in
`an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the
`terminology which has been used is intended to be in the
`nature of words of description rather than of limitation.
`Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present
`invention are possible in light of the above teachings. The
`invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically
`described within the scope of the appended claims.
`What is claimed is:
`1. A lithium cell suitable for use in a battery pack, said
`lithium cell comprising:
`a housing:
`a first electrode disposed in said housing and comprising
`a first active component;
`a second electrode disposed in said housing spaced from
`said first electrode and having an opposite charge from
`said first electrode and comprising a second active
`component different from said first active component;
`a first current collector disposed in said housing and in
`electrical communication with said first electrode:
`a second current collector disposed in said housing spaced
`from said first current collector and in electrical com
`munication with said second electrode:
`a separator disposed in said housing between said first and
`second electrodes; and
`
`an additive of at least one of said first and second
`electrodes for maintaining a potential of said lithium
`cell in a range of from about 0.5V to about 1.5V and for
`preventing the potential from dropping below about
`0.5V.
`2. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 1 wherein said
`additive is selected from the group of FeS2, FeS, CuO.
`CuO(PO), MoC), WO, and combinations thereof.
`3. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 2 wherein said
`additive has a reaction potential with lithium of at least about
`0.5V.
`4. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 2 wherein said
`additive has a reaction potential with lithium of from about
`0.5V to about 1.5V.
`5. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 2 wherein first active
`component of said first electrode comprises at least one of
`LiMnO, LiCoO, LiNiO, and LiFePO.
`6. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 5 wherein said first
`electrode further comprises a binder and a conducting aid.
`7. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 6 wherein said first
`current collector comprises aluminum and at least a portion
`of said first current collector is coated with said first elec
`trode.
`8. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 2 wherein said
`second active component of said second electrode comprises
`Li Tis012.
`9. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 8 wherein said
`second electrode further comprises a binder and a conduct
`ing aid.
`10. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 9 wherein said
`second current collector comprises aluminum and at least a
`portion of said second current collector is coated with said
`second electrode.
`11. Alithium cell as set forth in claim 1 further comprising
`an electrolyte composition.
`12. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 1 wherein said
`housing is an envelope of rectangular configuration having
`a first terminal and a second terminal opposite said first
`terminal and spaced by side edges with each of said first and
`second terminals defining at least one opening.
`13. A lithium cell suitable for use in a battery pack, said
`lithium cell comprising:
`a housing:
`a first electrode disposed in said housing and comprising
`LiMnO,
`a second electrode disposed in said housing spaced from
`said first electrode and having an opposite charge from
`said first electrode and comprising Li TiO,
`a first current collector disposed in said housing and in
`electrical communication with said first electrode and
`comprising aluminum;
`a second current collector disposed in said housing spaced
`from said first current collector and in electrical com
`munication with said second electrode and comprising
`aluminum; and
`a separator disposed in said housing between said first and
`second electrodes;
`wherein at least one of said first and second electrodes
`further comprises an additive for maintaining a poten
`tial of said lithium cell in a range of from about 0.5V
`
`Precision Power, LLC Exhibit 1006, Page 6 of 7
`Precision Power, LLC v. PowerTech Solutions International, LLC
`PGR2021-00043
`
`
`
`US 2008/0076023 A1
`
`Mar. 27, 2008
`
`to about 1.5V and for preventing the potential from
`dropping below about 0.5V.
`14. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 13 wherein said
`additive is selected from the group of FeS, FeS, CuO,
`CuO(PO), MoC), WO, and combinations thereof.
`15. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 14 wherein said
`additive has a reaction potential with lithium of from about
`0.5V to about 1.5V.
`16. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 13 wherein each of
`said first and second electrodes further comprises a binder
`and a conducting aid.
`17. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 16 wherein said
`binder is selected from the group of polyvinyldifluoride
`(PVDF), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and combinations
`thereof.
`
`18. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 13 wherein at least
`a portion of said first current collector is coated on said first
`electrode and at least a portion of said second current
`collector is coated with said second electrode.
`19. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 13 further com
`prising an electrolyte composition.
`20. A lithium cell as set forth in claim 13 wherein said
`housing is an envelope of rectangular configuration having
`a first terminal and a second terminal opposite said first
`terminal and spaced by side edges with each of said first and
`second terminals defining at least one opening.
`
`Precision Power, LLC Exhibit 1006, Page 7 of 7
`Precision Power, LLC v. PowerTech Solutions International, LLC
`PGR2021-00043
`
`