Vol. 50, 1976
`
`RC
`583
`.I48
`
`111Lc;1-national Archiv
`andAppliedlmmu1
`
`II
`I
`
`Founded 1950 by:
`
`P. KAu6s, Helsingborg
`W. Ll>FFLER, Zurich
`
`D. HA1tu¥, LonJ n
`
`Editors-in-Chief:
`
`R. R. A. COOMBS, Cambridge
`L. M. LICHTENSTEIN,
`Baltimore, Md.
`
`Z. TRN._A, lla cl
`
`Contributing
`Editors:
`
`E. L. BECKER,
`Farmington, Conn.
`W. E. BROCKLEHURST,
`Windlesham
`A. CERLE1TI, Basel
`B. DIAMANT, Copenhagen
`W. P. FAULK, Taplow,
`Maidenhead, Berks.
`M. FELDMAN, Rehovot
`H. FISCHER,
`Freiburg-Ziihringen
`R. VAN FURTH, Leiden
`P.G.H. GELL, Birmingham
`H. GEwURz, Chicago, Ill.
`I. GLAZER, Tel Aviv
`R.A. Gooo,
`New York, N.Y.
`F. HAHN, Wittnau
`
`L A HAsso,, G ccbora
`M. HESS, Bern
`Su~s R. HOLLA ... lJudAr,c:u
`T. l NDERIITJ'I~. Bern
`H . lsLIKER, Lau~nnc
`E. A. KABAT,
`New York, NY
`R. KCLLER, Zunc:h
`K . 0sTROW KY, War:11.a"
`0 . OucuTtuosv, GOtcbor
`',Y.
`Z. OVARY, New Yor._,
`R . PANZAM, M1ne1llc
`P. PeRLMANN, Stockholm
`E. P1CK, Tel-Aviv
`K. W . PONDMAN, Amsu:rd.am
`M . RorTT, London
`K . ROTHER, Hcidelbcra
`D . S. Rowe, Lau~nnc
`
`S. Karger. Basel. Miinchen . Paris . London • ' w York •
`
`

`

`S. Karger· Basel· Miinchen ·Paris· London · New York · Sydney
`Arnold-Bocklin-Strasse 25, CH-401 I Basel (Switzerland)
`
`All rights, including that of translation into other languages, reserved.
`Photomechanic reproduction (photocopy, microcopy) of this volume or parts thereof
`without special permission of the publishers is prohibited.
`C Copyright 1976 by S. Karger AG, Verlag fiir Medizin und Naturwissenschaften, Basel
`Printed in Switzerland by Buchdruckerei National-Zeituog AG, Basel
`
`

`

`Content
`
`'o. I
`AGAKI, K.; HAsHIMOT0, c., and I Al, S The In CIIYBtor o( the f 11'11
`of Human Complement (CflNA): The Comple, formauon w11h PJa,
`Hsu, C. C. S.: Comparative lnhibi1ory EfTcctJ or Serum on l )mphoc 1c R1QJ;-,~
`• .. •••• , ••••• , •
`to Mitogenic Stimulation . . . . .
`G,ull.AND, L. G. and M0"IGAR, J. L. . D1fTerential H, t.am,nc Rclc:uc by l
`the Ionophore A23187 : The Actions or lnh1b1tors ••• , •••
`lluman laE•lnduced I
`WvczoLKowsu, J. and PRouvOST-OA1'0!I., A
`.
`tion of Mouse Mast Cells . . . . . . . .
`BLAZKOVEC, A. A. and WARD ORSINI, M.: OntoaenellC A,pcctt or
`phis, and the Primary Immune Response to Sheep I rythroc,t
`from Prepuberty through Senescence .
`VoLANAK.1s, J.E.; SCHULTZ, D. R., and STROUD, R M. : I "•Jen c 1
`cipates in the Alternative Complement Pathway . • . • • . . . • •
`Kom,1A, S. and OVARY, Z.: Carrier Effect by Nippostrufll)lus bro1ll/,,ulJ Inf
`•• •..••...
`on Rat Antihapten lgE Antibody Respon e
`BROWN, W.R. and LEE, E. H.: Studies on laE in Human lntest nal Flu
`R1vK1N, r. and BECKER, E. L.: Effect of Exogenous Cychc A 1P nd other Aden
`Nucleotides on Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Motilny . .••••••
`R1NG, J.; ENDERS, B.; SEILER, F. ; SEIFERT, J.; STrtM1'C.rR, J • and 8111i.1>1.L. \\'
`Use of Indirect Microhemagglutination Test wnh Stable Sen tucJ Red Ccl an
`. . • • • • •
`.
`the Detection of Horse Protein Allergy . . . . .
`SNIPPE, H.; REUVER, M. J. oE; BELDCR, M., and WtL.LlllS, J. M.: &cter1op
`. • • . • • • • . . . • • .
`.
`MS-2 in the Immune Response . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Short Communications
`OHKUNI, H.; N0R0SE, Y.; M0RIYAMA, T.; KOSUGI, M .• and Kl\fUllA, Y.: ProdUC•
`tion of Homocytotropic Antibody against Acid E,ttracts Isolated from Group A
`. • . . . • . • •
`Streptococcal Cell Walls in Intact and Adrc:nalectomizcd Rat
`Bovo, R. L.; WARD, H . A., and MULLER, H. K.: Anti c:rum Specific for Rct
`.. • .. .. • .. • .. ..
`of the Bursa of Fabricius . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`tin
`
`o.2
`
`RABCN, B. S.: Doudenum•, lleum- and Colon-Specific An11aen, . . • . . . . • • .
`FRIEDRICH, W. ; LAZARY, S., and WECK, A. L. oE: Lymphokmo. II. Use or Hone
`. . . . • ••••••. •• • •
`Monocytc:s as Indicator Cells for Human MIF
`WONG, D. T. 0 . and BARBARO, J. F.: Production of Guinea P11 1,0 I llomocyto-
`
`7
`
`IOJ
`
`111
`
`1:U
`
`129
`
`IJJ
`
`lfl
`
`

`

`IV
`
`Contents
`
`1ropic Antibodies 10 Hapten-Conjugated Homologous Serum Albumin with
`D1fTercr. t Adjuvant Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`A11LSTEOT, S. and JODAL, U.: Antibodies against Escherichia coli O Antigen. Anti-
`body Amounts and Avidities Meas ured with Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation
`Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`NAC.AKI, K . and 11'AI, S.: lnactivato r of the First Component of Human Comple(cid:173)
`ment (C l I NA). Enhancement of C i INA Activity against C i s by Acidic Muco-
`polysaccha rides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Bt R1'ST[IN, I. L. : Tt1'N[NllAUM, J.; GEORGAK IS, N. ; KESSLER, F., and KRUMHOLZ, R.:
`Fraction A : a New lmmunothcrapeutic Approach for Ragweed Pollinosis ....
`MUNRO, A. C.: DEWDNEY, J . M.; SMITH, H., and WHEELER, A. w.: Antigenic
`Properties of Polymers Formed by P- Lactam Antibiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`CSA BA, 8.; KAvAr, M.; J USUl'0VA, S., and KESZTY0s, L. : The Fixation of Hetero-
`cytophylic Antibodies 10 Macrophages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`LUSTER, M. I. ; LESLIF, G. A., a nd BARDANA, E. J., jr.: Structure and Biological
`Functions of Human lgD. VI. Serum lgD in Patients with Allergic Bronchopul-
`monary Aspergillosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`TOMAR, R. H.: Delayed Skin Reactor from Streptokinase-Streptodornase : Stability
`Studies and Amino Acid Ana lysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`SANTILLI, J., jr.; SvERAK, L.; MARSH, D. G., and BELLANTI, J. A.: Preparation of
`Carbon- 14-Labelled Whole Short Ragweed Pollen Antigens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`ORTIZ-ORTIZ, T.; ORTEGA, T.; CAPIN, R., a nd MARTINEZ, T.: Enhanced Mononu-
`clear Phagocytic Activity during Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Mice . . . . . . .
`SCHEPER, R. J. ; BLOMBERG, M. VON; VELZEN, D. VAN, and VELDHUIZEN, R. w.: Ef(cid:173)
`fects of Contact Sensitization and Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions on Jm-
`mune Responses to Non-Related Antigens. Modulation of Jmmune Responses
`
`155
`
`164
`
`172
`
`181
`
`192
`
`206
`
`212
`
`220
`
`225
`
`232
`
`243
`
`Errata ...................................... . ....... .......... .. .....
`
`256
`
`o.3
`
`MOVAT, H. Z.; HABAL, F. M., and MACMORINE, D. R. L.: Neutral Proteases of
`Human PMN Leukocytes with Kininogenase Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`DELITHEOS, A. K. and WEST, G. B.: lmmunosuppressive Activity of Concanavalin A
`SANYAL, R. K.; StNGH, H. K.; S1NHA, R . K., and SARAN, R.: Adrenaline and Tro-
`pical Pulmonary Eosinophilia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`KORNGOLD, L. : The Alkaline Phosphatases of Human Liver: An Immunochemical
`Study. .................. .. ......... ... .... . . ... .. ..... .. . ... ...... ..
`BASTEN, A. ; MtLLER, J . F. A. P.; ABRAHAM, R.; GAMBLE, J ., and CH.IA, E.: A Re(cid:173)
`ceptor for Antibody on B Lymphocytes. 111. Relationship of the Receptor to
`lmmunoglobulin and la Determinants .................. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`CARNEY, I. F. : lgE-Mediated Anaphylactic Bronchoconstriction in the Guinea Pig
`and the Effect of Disodium Cromoglycate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`SzczEKLIK, A. and PoooLEc, Z.: Centra l Regulation of Blood Eosinophilia by the
`P-Adrenergic System in Rats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`257
`282
`
`291
`
`297
`
`309
`
`322
`
`329
`
`

`

`Content
`
`MOLLER, u.; HALLER, R . DE, and GROii, P. J.: Scro lo
`of Bird Fanciers D isease. Prec1p111ns apin t 1\vian
`gens and Cross-Reactions between Avian An1iacn fr
`W1LKIE, B . N.: Experimental llyper.;en itivity Pneumon
`Mediated Immune Response of Cattle to /o.l1C'ropolJ
`• •• •• ••••• • •••••••••
`Response to Aerosol Challenae .
`SANDBERG, G.; SODER, 0., and [RNSTR0\1, U.: Quant1ta11on
`ocytes in Guinea Pigs with Evidence for a Release of both
`. , , • ••.• , •• , •••••••
`Spleen into the Blood . . . . . . . .
`
`, J
`
`o.4
`'""'Tu, II ,
`KuROUME, T.; SuzuK1, S.; ToM1ZAWA, S., SH1n.u,o.1, M .:
`MURA, T.: Discrepancy between Skin Reacthity and Illa t
`• •••••••••••••
`Fractionated PHA-P . . . . . . . . . . .
`KuRouME, T.; SuzuK1, S.; NEMOTO, H. ; S11111A.SAi..1, M., and MAT
`• • I
`11A.
`hibition of3H-Thymidine Incorporation into Human L) mp"°";ta by D
`able Meterial of Streptokinase-Streptodoma c •.• . .••.....••
`SANDILANos, G.; GRAY, K.; coo~lY, A ; FR01e11, K., and ANm11,:
`Human Lymphocyte Sub-Popula tions and K Cell, • • • • • • • • • • • •
`LUBINlECKI, A. s.; PFANCUFF, M., a nd MITCll[U., J Mea~urcmcnt ol Dengue\ If
`II I t
`Specific Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid in Infected Primate
`by Microquantitative Complement-Fixation Methods.......... • •
`DEUTHEOS, A. K .; HANAHOE, T. H .P., and Wrsr, G . B : A Compamon of the
`'atunal Dt nched
`Anaphylactoid Actions of a Synthetic Linear Dextran a nd a
`• . . , •••• , •••••••••• ,
`Dextra n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`JOHNSON, H . G. a nd H OUT, C. A. VAN: Inhibition of -\llerai, Rcicuon b)
`romo(cid:173)
`glycate a nd by a New Anti-Allergic Drug (10-Chloro-l,◄.6,9-Tctruhydro-4,6-
`Dioxopyrido[J,2-g]Quinoline-2,8-Dicarboxylic Acid). I. Ac11v,1y 10 Rau •••••
`JOHNSON, H . G. a nd HouT, C. A. VAN: Inhibition of Aller111c. Rc.ict,o n, by Cr~
`glycate and by a New Anti-Allergic Drug ( I O-Chloro-1 ,4,6,9-Tctrahydro-4,6-
`Dioxopyrido[J,2-g]Quinoline-2,8-Dicarboxylic Acid). II Acthll) in r nm:atcs
`against Aerosolized Ascaris suum Antigen ..
`OISHI, M.; TAKANO, M .; M IYACHI, K. ; ICIIIKAWA, y. and HOMMA,
`,1 ,:
`Unusual SLE Related Syndrome Characterized by Erythcma mult1formc, A
`neurotic Edema, Marked Hypocomplementemia, and C lq Prec1p11hu ol lhc
`• • , •.••••••••• , •• , •
`. .
`.
`Low Molecular Weight Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`LITT, M.: Studies in Experimental Eosinophilia. XI. Oependcnc;c of Ecninophil •
`• . • • • • . • • • • • • • •
`Apparently Induced by H istamine, on Ac1d1ty
`SLEGEL, I. ; GRIECO, M . H ., and GUPTA, S.: Fe- and Complement-Receptor Rosell
`Forming Cell Ra tios in Human Tonsils and Peripheral Blood • • • • • • • • • • • •
`Sc HATZ, M.; PATTERSON, R ., and SuszKo, I. M .: Effect of O O o n Ph) tOhc:ma •
`• • • • . • • • • • •
`. . . • • . . .
`g!utinin-Jnduced Lymphocyte Prolifera tion
`BLOMBERG, M . voN; RuLAAJlSDAM, U., and ScHtPER, R. J Dtrc:ct Macrop
`Migration Inhibition Test in DNCB Contact Sens itized Gu nca P,
`
`IC of
`
`41
`
`427
`
`•
`
`•
`
`OJ
`
`•
`
`•
`
`,OJ
`
`

`

`VI
`
`o.5
`
`Contents
`
`FRANCESCHI, C.; PERocco, P.; PAOLUCCI, P., and PRODI, G.: Selective Effect
`on T a nd B Cell Subpopulations in Rat Lymphoid Organs after Urethan
`Treatment .......................................................... .
`R oMAGNANI, S.; BoccACCINI, P. ; AMADOR!, A., and R1cc1, M.: Studies on Aller-
`gens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssim1s by Direct and Indirect RAST ... . .. .
`SNIPPE, H .; DAVIDSE, R. P.A.; BELDER, M., and WILLERS, J.M. N.: Effects of
`Cyclophosphamide Treatment on the ifl vitro Activity of Mouse Lymphoid Cells
`after Nonspecific and Specific Stimula tion .............................. .
`OTTLEcz, A.; K OL TAI , M., a nd DEKOV, E.: Effect of Insulin a nd Alloxan Diabetes on
`Carrageenin Inflammation in Rats ..................................... .
`LINDHOLM, L. ; HOLMGREl'I, J.; LANGE, S., and LONNROTH, I. : Interaction of Cholera
`Toxin a nd T oxin Derivatives wit h L ymphocytes. JI. Modulating Effects of
`Cholera Toxin on i11 vivo Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses ........ .
`DATTA, U.; BARNET, K., and ASHERSON, G. L. : DNA Synthesis i11 vitro by Cells
`from Mice Immunized wit h Picryl C hloride : Effect of Injection of Immune Cells
`ASHWORTH, L.A. E. and FORD, W. H.: Mitogenic Factor as an in vitro Correlate of
`Delayed Hypersensitivity in the Guinea Pig ............................. .
`MOLLER, M. R .; LAZARY, S., and HITZIG, W . H .: Production of Migration In(cid:173)
`hibitory Factor and Blast Cell Transformation by Cord .Blood Lymphocytes . .
`RICHTER, A. W .; GRANATH, K., and OsTLING, G.: Anaphylactoid Reactions in
`Connection with Infusion of Invert Surgar Solutions are Due to Macromolecular
`Contaminants ....................................... .... ........... .
`B1cE, D. E.; H E1Ns, G., and SALVAGGIO, J. : Lymphocyte Stimulation and Plasma
`Inhibition in Patients with Malignant Neoplasms. A Comparative Study with
`Three Mitogens ........................ . .... . ........ . .............. .
`G IESSEN, M. VAN DER; HOMAN, w. L. ; K ERNEBEEK, G. VAN; AALBERSE, R. c., and
`D1EGES, P. H .: Subclass Typing of JgG Antibodies Formed by Grass Pollen-
`A llergic Patients during Tmmunotherapy ................................ .
`
`513
`
`525
`
`536
`
`548
`
`555
`
`574
`
`583
`
`593
`
`606
`
`613
`
`625
`
`o.6
`
`K1M, J. J.; SINCLAIR, N. R. St. C.; S1NGHAL, S. K., and CARROLL, K . K.: Immuno-
`suppressive Activity o f an Extract o f Listeria monocytogenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`MAGUIRE, H. C., jr.: Specific Acquired Immune U nresponsiveness to Contact
`Allergens with Cyclophosphamide in the Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`JoASOO, A. and McKENZIE, J.M.: Stress and the Immune Response in Rats . . . . .
`BURKA, J. F. and EYRE, P.: Modulation of the Release of SRS-A from Bovine
`Lung in vitro by severa l Autonomic and Autacoid Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`SENNEKAMP, J .; VOGEL, F., a nd STIENS, R .: Detection of IgG Antibodies against
`Pigeon Intestinal Mucosa Antigens in Pigeon Breeders' Sera using the Immuno(cid:173)
`fluorescent T echnique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`STRANNEGARD, 1.-L.; LINDHOLM, L., and STRANNEGARD, 0.: T Lymphocytes in
`Atopic C hildren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`641
`
`651
`659
`
`664
`
`674
`
`684
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`MORAN, D . M. and WHEELER, A. W.: Chemical Modification of Crude Timothy
`Grass Pollen Extract. I. Antigenicity and lmmunogenicity Changes following
`Amino Group Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`WHEEUR, A. W.; JENKINS, P. M., and MORAN, D. M. : Chemical Modification of
`Crude Timothy Grass Pollen Extract. JI. C lass and Specificity of Antibodies
`Induced by Chemically Modified Timothy Grass Pollen Extract
`. . . . . . . . . .
`Wvcz6txowsKA, J. and MASLINSKI, Cz. : Inhibition by Nicotinamide of Antigen-
`Induced Histamine Release from Mouse Peritoneal Mast Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`MAGUIRE, H . C., jr.; RANK, R. G., and WEIDANZ, W. P. : Allergic Contact Derma-
`titis to Low Molecular Weight Allergens in the Chicken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Wll.X.lE, B. N.; CAOfLt, F., and FRJEND, S.: Nonspecific lmmunosuppression Induc-
`ed in Mice with Killed Pasre11rella haemo/yrica in Fre und's Complete Adjuvant .
`
`Short Communications
`COOPER, C. A.; THOMAS, G ., and W £ST, G. B. : Anaphylactoid Responses of Two
`Types of Genetically Different Rats to Horse Serum and Yeast . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`WEIDANZ, W. P.; WEBER, W. T ., and MAGUIRE, H . C., jr. : Allergic Contact Derma-
`titis in the B-Cell Deficient Chicken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Vll
`
`693
`
`709
`
`729
`
`737
`
`745
`
`751
`
`755
`
`Author Index . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`759
`
`

`

`Contents Vol. 50, No. 4, 1976
`Kuroume, T.; Suzuki, S.; Tomizawa, S.; Shlbasakl, M. ; Ntmoto, H., ond /.lottumuro, 1:
`(Gunma): Discrepancy between Skm Reactivity and Blutogen1c Acttvlly or
`Fractionated PHA-P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`• . • . • . • • • . •
`Kuroume, T.; Suzuki, S.; Nemoto, H.; Shibasaki, M., and Matsumura, T (Gunma): lnh1b111on
`of 1H-Thymidine Incorporation into Human Lymphocytes by Dialyu blc Material
`• . • . . • • • 402
`of Streptokinase-Streptodornase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Sandi/ands, G.; Gray, K.; Cooney, A.; Froebe/, K., and Anderton, J.R.-(Gla,aow): Human
`Lymphocyte Sub-Populations and K Cells. . . . . . . . . . . .
`. . • . • . • • • . 416
`Lubiniecki, A.S.; Pfancuff. M., and Mitchell, J. (Springfield, Va.): Measurement o f Dcnaue
`Virus-Specific Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid in Infected Primate Cell Extracts
`by Microquantitative Complement-Fixation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Delitheos, A.K.; Hanahoe, T.H.P., and West, G.B. (London): A Companson o f the Ana•
`phylactoid Actions of a Synthetic Linear Dextran and a Natura.I Branched
`Dextran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`38S
`
`427
`
`436
`
`Johnson, H.G. and Hout, C.A. van (Kalamazoo, Mich.): Inhibition of Allergic Reactions by
`Cromoglycate and by a New Anti-Allergic Drug (10-Chloro-1,4,6 ,9-Tetnhydro◄ ,
`6-Dioxopyrido[J,2-g]Quinoline-2,8-Dicarboxylic Acid). I. Activity m Rats . . .
`Johnson, H.G. and Hout, C.A. van (Kalamazoo, Mich.): Inhibition of Allergic Reactions by
`Cromoglycate and by a New Anti-Allergic Drug (10-Chloro-1.4,6,9-Tetrahydro-4,
`6-Dioxopyrido[3,2-g]Quinoline-2,8-Dicarboxylic Acid). II. Activity m Primates
`against Aerosolized Ascaris suum Antigen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Oishi, M.; Takano, M.; Miyachi, K.; Ichikawa, Y., and Homma, M. (Tokyo): A Case of
`Unusual SLE Related Syndrome Characterized by Erythema multiforme, Ang10-
`neurotic Edema, Marked Hypocomplementemia, and Clq Precipitms of the Low
`Molecular Weight Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Litt, M. (Boston, Mass.): Studies in Experimental Eosinophilia. XI. Dependence of
`Eosinophilia, Apparently Induced by Histamine, on Acidity . . . . . . . . . .
`
`446
`
`454
`
`463
`
`473
`
`Continuation see overleaf
`
`

`

`borg
`
`lntcrnari nal
`I ndrd /9 Ob
`P. ,: ,116,, ti I
`Ott/
`C'oombJ, Cimini e
`R R
`l
`I /Jrhtrmtrln,
`a,uunore, td.
`Con11lbu1tn., l.'d/10,1
`F.,J Bttkrr,
`I rmlnglon. CoM.
`h' £ Brod:lthum,
`\\ 1ndkshlm
`tf Ctrltlll, Oiuel
`ti Dlonuznt, Copenhqen
`k' f. f"au/J;,
`11plo~. M1kJcnticaJ, lkrk1
`I I tlJ1"1:11, R,hovot
`If rtuhtr,
`I relbur,:•7. hran en
`R 1-a1t Fllrth, l e1dcn
`P.G If. Gt/I, thrm1n1ham
`II Ct ... 'Ull, ChlC'IIO, Ill.
`I Glll:tr, I el Aviv
`R ,I GooJ, New York, NY.
`1: 1/ol,n, W11tnau
`
`rchh:c~ of Allergy and Applied Immunology
`Fred W. Wittich
`W. U>ffltr, Zunch
`Minneapolis, Minn.
`D. Jla,Jey, London
`
`I'. Kollos, Hels1n,borg
`F.
`fl/trom, Buffalo, N.Y.
`
`Z. Tmk.a, Buel
`G.B. Wtit, Epsom
`
`l~A. llon,on, Goteborg
`M. Ht11, Bern
`Su,an R . Holl.an, Budapest
`T, lndtrbllzin, Bern
`H. /1/ik.tr, Lausanne
`E.A Kabot, New York, N.Y.
`R. Ktlltr, Zurich
`I( Ostrow1ky, Warsaw
`lJ Ouchttrlony, Goteborg
`Z Ovary, New York, N.Y.
`R Panzanl, Marseille
`P. Ptrlmann, Stockholm
`1:.·. Pick, Tel Aviv
`A. W. Pondman, Amsterdam
`M Roltt, London
`K. Rothu, Heidelberg
`D.S. Rowe, Lausanne
`
`A. Sehon, Winnipeg
`M. Simic, Belgrade
`E. &,rkin, Davos Platz
`H. Storck, Zunch
`A . Szenbe,r, Melbourne
`G.P. Ta/war, New Delhi
`T.B. Tomasi, Jr.,
`Buffalo, N.Y.
`G. Torrlgiani, Geneva
`J.L. Turk, London
`E.R. Unanue, Boston, Mass.
`G.A . Voisin, Paris
`B.H. Waksman,
`New Haven, Conn.
`A .L . de Weck, Bern
`G. Wick, Innsbruck
`R. G. White, Glasgow
`
`Contents Continuation
`!i1f'ttl. I . C,ritro. ,',(If .. and Gupta, S. (New York, N.Y.): Fo- and Complement-Receptor
`Rosclll'•forming Cell Ratios in Human Tonsils and Peripheral Blood . . . . . . . 488
`Schot:, If , Potttru,n, R .. and Suszko, I.M. (Chicago, Ill.): Effect of D ,O o n Phytohemag-
`11u11nin·lnduced Lymphocyte Proliferation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
`Blombtri. M. •·on: RiJloarsdam, U., and Scheper, R.J. (Leiden/Amsterdam): Direct Macro-
`phace \hgrauon lnh1b1t1on Test in DNCB Contact Sensitized Guinea Pigs
`. . . . 503
`
`Postal Information
`lrscheanl monathch, pro Jahr erscheinen 2 Bande zu 6 Heften
`S. Karger AG, Arnold-Bockhn-Strasse 25, CH-4011 Basel (Schweiz)
`
`Int. Archs Allergy appl. lmmun.
`
`Printed in Switzerland
`
`

`

`Int. Archs Allergy appl. Immun. 50: 436--445 (1976)
`
`A Comparison of the Anaphylactoid Actions of a Synthetic
`Linear Dextran and a Natural Branched Dextran
`
`A. K. DELITHEos1, T. H.P. HANAHoE and G. B. WEST
`
`Department of Applied Biology, North East London Polytechnic., London
`
`Abstract. Synthetic linear dextran of molecular weight 40,000 produces the sys(cid:173)
`temic anaphylactoid reaction in rats although it is about 4 times less active than the
`natural branched dextran of similar molecular weight. Similarly, it is less active on
`local injection into the foot or skin. However, in rats which have been bred for non(cid:173)
`reactivity to systemic dextran, it is more active on local injection, resembling the ac(cid:173)
`tivity of a branched natural dextran of much lower molecular weight (6,000). In hu(cid:173)
`man skin, the synthetic linear 40,000 sample is also more active than the natural
`branched sample of similar molecular weight in producing a wheal and erythema.
`The results suggest that the dextran receptor in the skin of man may be similar to
`that in rats genetically resistant to systemic dextran.
`
`Introduction
`
`A primary parenteral injection of clinical dextran into rats produces
`an anaphylactoid reaction consisting of gross oedema and erythema of the
`snout and paws [VOORHEES et al., 1951]. Dextran is a polymer of glucose,
`with repeating units of the main chain composed of the a-pyranosyl confi(cid:173)
`guration, all 1,6-linked, and the clinical product of natural origin also
`contains about 50/o of a-1, 3-linked units representing branched points of
`the side chains, and so it has about one side chain for every 20 main(cid:173)
`chain units. Yeast mannan, a polymer of mannose but with a similar con(cid:173)
`figuration and linkage, has a side chain on every main-chain unit [POYSER
`and WEST, 1965] and is some 20 times more active than dextran in in-
`
`1 A. K. D. is the holder of a Republic of Greece State Scholarship.
`
`Received: July 22, 1975.
`
`

`

`DELITHEOS/HANAHOE/WEST
`
`437
`
`creasing vascular permeability in rat skin which is part of the anaphylac(cid:173)
`toid reaction. Dose-response curves of the two polysaccharides are paral(cid:173)
`lel and many sugars (including glucose and mannose) are equally effective
`in inhibiting the response to each. Thus, a similar mechanism may be in(cid:173)
`volved and the same common stereospecific receptor may have to be oc(cid:173)
`cupied before a response is produced [POYSER and WEST, 1965].
`HARRIS et al. [1967] found that the highly branched dextran derived
`from the Birmingham strain of Betacoccus arabinosacerus was 2-3 times
`more active than the less branched clinical dextran of the same molecular
`weight (140,000) derived from Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and hence the
`activity of different molecules of dextran may also depend on the ratio of
`side-chain units to main-chain units. These effects of branching agree
`with the clinical observations of KABAT et al. [1957] who found that the
`more highly branched dextrans were associated with a greater incidence
`of reactions in man than were the less branched materials. This fact
`suggests that there may be a similarity between these actions in the rat
`and the responses of man to dextran.
`Dextrans of intermediate molecular weight (greater than 10,000 but
`less than 200,000) are known to be the most active in producing the rat
`anaphylactoid reaction. Above 200,000, activity slowly declines as mo(cid:173)
`lecular weight increases whereas below 10,000 there is a sharp fall in ac(cid:173)
`tivity, dextrans of molecular weight about 6,000, for example, being one(cid:173)
`tenth as active as clinical dextran (molec. wt between 40,000 and
`140,000). However, when tested in rats genetically resistant to systemic
`dextran [HARRIS and WEsr, 1963], dextrans of low molecular weight
`(10,000 and below) are as active in sensitive rats as in resistant rats.
`In contrast to the branched dextrans occurring in nature, a recently
`synthesized dextran of molecular weight 40,000 has been found to be
`completely linear [URYU and ScHUERCH, 1971]. In the present paper, this
`linear dextran has been compared with two branched dextrans ( one of
`similar molecular weight, the other of a much lower molecular weight) for
`their ability (a) to produce the systemic anaphylactoid reaction in rats; (b)
`to increase vascular permeability in rat skin, and (c) to exert reactions in
`human skin.
`
`Materials and Methods
`
`Dextrans. Fraction D-8 of the synthetic a-1, 6-linked linear dextran (molec. wt
`40,000), prepared by URYU and SCHUERCH [1971], and fraction D-40 of the slightly
`
`

`

`438
`
`DELITIIEOS/liANAHOE/WEST
`
`branched B512 dextran (molec. wt 40,000; Pharmacia Ltd., Uppsala) produced by
`L. mesenteroides were used. Another natural branched dextran of lower molecular
`weight (6,000), (also kindly supplied by Pharmacia) was tested in some experiments.
`Rats. Groups of 10 female Wistar rats (150-200 g) secured from Tucks Ltd.,
`Rayleigh, GB were used in all experiments. These rats respond to natural clinical
`dextran with an anaphylactoid reaction on first systemic injection (R rats). In other
`experiments, rats obtained from the NELP Colony were tested. These animals (NR
`rats) are resistant to systemic dextran [HARRIS and WEST, 1963]. All rats were main(cid:173)
`tained on diet Dixon 41B and allowed free access to drinking water.
`Injections. To assess the anaphylactoid reaction, the injections were made intra(cid:173)
`venously or intraperitoneally, the severity of the oedema over 2 h being scored on
`an arbitary scale from 0 to + + + [HARRIS and WEST, 1963]. Other injections were
`made subcutaneously into the pad of one hind paw and the increase in paw volume
`was recorded on a volume differential meter over 2 h [THOMAS and WEST, 1974].
`Tests on vascular permeability in the skin were carried out using the method of
`BONACCORSI and WEST [1962). Briefly, after the intravenous injection of azovan blue
`dye (20 mg/kg), each rat received at least 6 intradermal injections of the dextrans in
`0.1 ml Tyrode's solution into the shaved dorsal abdominal skin, and 30 min later the
`rats were killed and the reaction to each injection was assessed by measuring the
`mean diameter and intensity of the blue area on the inner surface of the skin. In
`other experiments, inhibition of the dextran responses by glucose or galactose was
`studied by mixing the sugar with the dextran just before injection.
`Human studies. Healthy volunteer subjects were injected intracutaneously with
`different doses of the linear dextran and the branched natural dextran dissolved in
`0.1 ml of sterile 0.90/o NaCl solution, together with suitable saline controls. During
`the 1st hour, the injection sites were examined every 15 min and then periodically
`for the next 47 h. Any reaction above that shown by saline alone was graded on an
`arbitary scale from Oto + + +, and the diameters of the wheals were measured too.
`
`Results
`
`Anaphylactoid Reaction
`Intravenously, the natural branched dextran was about 4 times as ac(cid:173)
`tive as the synthetic linear sample of similar molecular weight in produc(cid:173)
`ing oedema and erytbema in R rats (table I). Peak of the response was
`usually about 30 min after injection. Intraperitoneally, the natural sample
`was again more active (table I). Peak activity by this route occurred about
`1 ½ h after injection. The natural sample produced a more intense reac(cid:173)
`tion intraperitoneally than intravenously, possibly because of a more ab(cid:173)
`rupt fall in blood pressure on intravenous injection. Although less active
`than the natural dextran, the synthetic sample (with no branching) pro(cid:173)
`duces the anaphylactoid reaction and so branching in the polymer mole(cid:173)
`cule is not necessary for activating receptors in the responding tissues.
`
`

`

`Synthetic Linear and Natural Branched Dextrans
`
`439
`
`Table I. The anaphylactoid reaction produced in groups of 10 R rats by synthetic and
`natural dextrans of similar molecular weight (40,000) injected intravenously or intra(cid:173)
`peritoneally
`
`Dose, mg/kg
`
`Intravenous injection
`synthetic
`natural
`dextran
`dextran
`
`Intraperitoneal injection
`synthetic
`natural
`dextran
`dextran
`
`30
`60
`120
`180
`
`+
`+
`++
`++
`Reaction recorded on an arbitary scale from O to + + +.
`
`0
`+
`++
`
`+
`++
`+++
`+++
`
`0
`++
`
`Table II. Increases in paw volume produced in group of JO R rats and 10 NR rats by
`synthetic and natural dextrans of similar molecular weight (40,000) injected subcutane(cid:173)
`ously into the footpad
`
`R rats
`synthetic
`dextran
`
`4.5 ± 2.0
`17.8 ± 3.1
`20.7 ± 1.9
`28.1 ± 2.9
`
`Dose, µg
`
`50
`200
`500
`1,000
`5,000
`10,000
`
`natural
`dextran
`
`8.5 ± 3.0
`27.3 ± 2.9
`31.6 ± 2.3
`46.3 ± 4.6
`
`NR rats
`synthetic
`dextran
`
`natural
`dextran
`
`15.0 ± 1.9
`30.l ± 4.2
`58.7 ± 4.9
`
`9.5 ± 2.5
`20.7 ± 2.9
`32.3 ± 7.8
`
`Responses measured as mean percent increases (±SEM).
`
`Intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of both the natural and the
`synthetic dextran of molecular weight 40,000 failed at all doses tested to
`initiate the anaphylactoid reaction in NR rats.
`
`Local Injections
`After subcutaneous injection into the footpad of R rats, the natural
`branched dextran was also about 4 times as active as the synthetic linear
`sample in producing local oedema in the foot (table II). However, when
`the comparison was made with NR rats, the synthetic was the more active
`(table 11). Thus, in rats which have been bred for non-reactivity to sys-
`
`

`

`440
`
`DELITHEOS/HANAHOE/ WEST
`
`¾
`60
`
`50
`
`40
`
`30
`
`20
`
`10
`
`0
`
`10
`Dose, µg
`
`100
`
`1,000
`
`10,000
`
`Fig. I. Increases in paw volumes produced in R rats(•,.&., ■) and NR rats (o, t.. , □)
`by three dextrans injected subcutaneously into the footpad. Abscissa is dose in micro(cid:173)
`grams; ordinate is mean percentage increase in volume. o , • =Natural dextran 40,000;
`t.., .&.= synthetic dextran 40,000 ; □, ■ =natural dextran 6,000.
`
`mm
`20
`
`10
`
`0;----------,,----------,---- - - --
`10
`100
`10,000
`1,000
`Dose, µg
`
`Fig. 2. Increases in vascular permeability produced in R rats(•, .t., ■) and NR rats
`(o, t.. , D) by three dextrans injected intradermally. Abscissa is dose in micrograms;
`ordinate is mean diameter of dye exudate (mm). Symbols as in figure 1.
`
`temic dextran, local injections of the synthetic linear material produced
`greater increases in paw volume.
`These results are also plotted in figure 1, together with those obtained
`in both R and NR rats using a natural branched dextran of much lower
`molecular weight (6,000). This sample had a profile of activity similar to
`that of the synthetic dextran of molecular weight 40,000, both being less
`
`

`

`Synthetic Linear and Natural Branched Dextrans
`
`441
`
`Table III. lncreases in vascular permeability produced in groups of JO R rats and JO NR
`rats by synthetic and natural dextrans of similar molecular weight (40,000) injected intra(cid:173)
`dermally into the dorsal abdominal skin
`
`Dose, µg
`
`50
`200
`500
`1,000
`10,000
`
`R rats
`synthetic
`dextran
`
`6.0 ± 0.7
`8.0 ± 1.1
`10.6 ± l.l
`14.2 ± 2.8
`
`natural
`dcxtran
`
`6.5 ± 0.6
`9.1 ± 0.9
`12.3 ± l.8
`18.0 ± 2.2
`
`NR rats
`synthetic
`dextran
`
`natural
`dextran
`
`8.2 ± 0.8
`J J.9 ± 2.1
`
`4.5 ± J.0
`6.4 ± J.7
`
`Responses measured as mean diameters (±SEM) of dye cxudatcs (mm).
`
`active than the natural 40,000 sample in R rats but more active in NR
`rats. Whereas the synthetic dextran and the low molecular weight sample
`were about 4 times more active in R rats than in NR rats, the natural
`40,000 sample was at least 20 times more active in R rats.
`When injected intradermally, the natural branched 40,000 dextran was
`also about 4 times as active as the synthetic in increasing vascular perme(cid:173)
`ability in R rats and yet in NR rats, as after subcutaneous injection, the
`synthetic was the more active (table III). The reason for the change in re(cid:173)
`lative activity has not so far been identified.
`These results are also plotted in figure 2, together with those obtained
`in both R and NR rats using the dextran of much lower molecular weight.
`This latter sample was slightly less active than the synthetic material in
`both types of rat whereas the natural branched 40,000 dextran was at
`least 200 times more active in R rats than in NR rats.
`
`Inhibition of the Dextran Response
`When 500 µg of glucose was added to the intradermal do