MOSBY'S
`MEDICAL
`DICTIONARY
`
`
`8TH EDITION
`
`Illustrated in full color throughout
`With over 2450 illustrations
`
`
`
`GenomeEx. 1019
`Page 1 of 8
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`Genome Ex. 1019
`Page 1 of 8
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`MOSBY’S MEDICAL DICTIONARY
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
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`Mosby’s medical dictionary. -- 8th ed.
`p. ; cm.
`ISBN 978-0-323-05290-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Medicine--Dictionaries. I. Mosby, Inc.II.
`Title: Medical dictionary.
`NLM:1. Medicine--Dictionary--English. W 13 M894 2009]
`R121.M89 2009
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`2008018950
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`CoverIllustrations:
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`Magnetic resonance angiography (Kowalczyk and Mace, 2009)
`Leukocoria (Kanski, 2007)
`Entamoeba histolytica (Kumar et al, 2007)
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`Genome Ex. 1019
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`

`eae
`
`See postviral fa-
`
`benzene
`204
`benign migratory glossitis
`Practice (1984), Benner used systematic descriptions of five
`has two or more definitely recognizable mesenchymal ele-
`stages: novice, advanced beginner, competent, Proficien,
`ments in additionto fibrous tissue,
`and expert. Thirty-one competencies emerged from ay
`benign migratory glossitis,
`See geographic tongue.
`analysis of actual patient care episodes. From this wor
`benign mucosal pemphigoid.
`See cicatricial pem-
`seven areas of nursing practice having a number of compe.
`phigoid.
`tencies with similar intents, functions, and meanings deve.
`benign myalgic encephalomyelitis.
`oped, They are identified as (1) the helping role, (2) the
`tigue syndrome.
`teaching-coaching function, (3) the diagnostic and patient.
`benign neoplasm[L, benignare + Gk, neas, new, plasma,
`monitoring function, (4) effective management of rapidly
`formation],
`a localized tumor that has a fibrous capsule,
`changing situations, (5) administering and monitoring thera.
`limited potential for growth, a regular shape, and cells that
`peutic interventions andregimens, (6) monitoring and ensur.
`are well differentiated, A benign neoplasm does not invade
`ing the quality of health care practices, and (7) organiza.
`surrounding tissue or metastasize to distant sites. Some Kinds
`tional work-role competencies. Benner’s work describes
`of benign neoplasms are adenoma,fibroma, hemangioma,
`nursing practice in the context of what nursing actuallyjs
`and lipoma.Also called benign tumor. Compare malignant
`and does rather than from context-free theoretic descriptions,
`neoplasm.
`Bennet’s small corpuscle.
`See Drysdale’s corpuscle,
`a renal disorder marked by
`benign nephrosclerosis,
`Bennett angle [Norman G. Bennett, English dentist, 1870-
`arteriolosclerotic (arteriosclerosis affecting mainly the arteri-
`1947],
`the angle formed by the sagittal plane and thepath
`oles) lesions in the kidney, It is associated with hypertension.
`ofthe advancing condyle during lateral mandibular move.
`benign paroxysmal peritonitis.
`See familial Mediterra-
`ment, as viewed in the horizontalplane.
`nean fever.
`Bennett hand tool test,
`a test used in occupationalther-
`recurrent vertigo
`benign paroxysmalpositional vertigo,
`apy and prevocationaltesting to measure hand function, co-
`and nystagmus occurring when the head is placed in certain
`ordination, and speed in performance.
`positions. It can be debilitating and can cause difficulty in
`Irish surgeon,
`Bennett’s fracture [Edward H. Bennett,
`walking straight. It is usually not associated with central ner-
`1837-1907],
`a fracture that runs obliquely through the
`vous systemlesions.
`baseofthe first metacarpal bone and into the carpometacar-
`@=opsERVATIONS: Patients may experience the sensation of
`pal joint, detaching the greater part of the articular facet,
`disorientation in space combined with a sensation of motion
`Bennett's fracture may be associated with dorsal subluxation
`accompanied by nystagmus, nausea and/or vomiting, perspi-
`or with dislocation of the first metacarpal.
`ration, pallor, increased salivation, and general malaise. Di-
`Benoquin,
`trademark for a depigmenting agent (mono-
`agnosis is made by history and clinical exam in conjunction
`benzone).
`with ENG and positional testing. Audiology, ABR, CT, or
`an inhibitor of the decar-
`benserazide /ben-ser’ah-zid/,
`MRI may be used to rule out other causes of vertigo.
`boxylation of peripheral levodopa to dopamine, having ac-
`@ INTERVENTIONS: Treatment is focused on a series of vestib-
`tions similar to those of carbidopa. When given with levo-
`ular exercises, including gait training, sets of visual vestibu-
`dopa, benserazide produces higher brain concentrations of
`lar head and eye movements, Epley maneuvers, and Brandt-
`dopamine with lower doses of levodopa, thus lessening the
`Daroff maneuvers.
`If exercises provoke nausea, pre-
`side effects seen with higher doses.It is used orally in con-
`medication with antiemetics may be necessary. Surgical
`junction with levodopa as an antiparkinsonian agent.
`plugging ofthe posterior semicircular canal may be donein
`bent fracture.
`See greenstick fracture.
`individuals with an intractable recurrent pattern of vertigo
`bentiromide test,
`(for pancreatic function) bentiromideis
`attacks that are unresponsive to exercise therapy.
`administered orally, and its cleavage into benzoyl-tyrosyl
`on
`m NURSING
`CONSIDERATIONS: Nursing care
`focuses
`and p-aminobenzoicacid is monitored as a measure of pan-
`demonstration and return demonstration of prescribed
`creatic production of chymotrypsin.
`exercises.
`colloidal, hydrated alu-
`bentonite [Fort Benton, Montana],
`a histologic diag-
`benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),
`minumsilicate that, when added to water, swells to approxi-
`nosis associated with nonmalignant, noninflammatory en-
`mately 12 timesits dry size.It is used as a bulk laxative and
`largement ofthe prostate, most common among men over 50
`as a base for skin care preparations. Also called miner-
`years of age. BPH diagnosis can only be made after biopsy
`or resection; otherwise the diagnosis is benign prostatic en-
`al soap.
`a flocculation test for the presence of rheu-
`bentonite test,
`largement. BPHis usually progressive and mayleadto ure-
`matoid factorin patient blood samples. After sensitized ben-
`thral obstruction andto interference with urine flow, urinary
`tonite particles are added to the serum,thetest result is con-
`frequency, nocturia, dysuria, and urinary tract infections.
`sidered positive for rheumatoid arthritis if adsorption has
`Treatment mayinclude medication, localized application of
`occurred with 50% of the particles.
`heat, balloon dilation, laser vaporization, and microwavehy-
`bentoquatam /ben'to-kwah’tam/,
`a topical skin protec:
`perthermia. Surgical resection of the enlarged prostate is
`tant used to prevent or reduce allergic contact dermatitis
`sometimes
`necessary. Compare prostatitis. See
`also
`from contact with poison ivy, oak, and sumac.
`,
`Bentyl,
`tademark for an anticholinergic antispasmodic
`prostatectomy.
`benign prostatic hypertrophy.
`See benign prostatic
`(dicyclomine hydrochloride).
`—
`hyperplasia.
`benz,
`abbreviation for a benzoate carboxylate anion.
`benign pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. See
`benzalkonium chloride,
`_ a disinfectant and fungicide pre-
`Becker’s muscular dystrophy.
`pared in an aqueoussolution in various strengths.
`benign stupor,astate of apathy orlethargy, such as occurs
`benzathine penicillin G.
`See penicillin G henzathine.|
`in severe depression.
`benzene /ben'zén/,
`a colorless, highly flammable liqu!
`benign thrombocytosis.
`See thrombocytosis.
`hydrocarbon (C,H,) originally derived by fractional distilla-
`benign tumor.
`See benign neoplasm.
`tion ofcoal tar. It is now derivedby catalyticreforming gut:
`benne oil. See sesame oil.
`ing petroleum refining. The prototypical aromatic eer
`Benner, Patricia,
`a nursing theorist who confirmed the
`pound,
`it
`is used in the production of various organ!
`levels of skill acquisition in nursing practice in From Nov-
`compounds,including pharmaceuticals.
`ice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing
`Genome Ex. 1019
`
`Page 3 of 8 eeeeeeeeeeeeee
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`Genome Ex. 1019
`Page 3 of 8
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`

`

`penzene poisoning
`
`205
`
`Bergonié-Tribondeau law
`
`a toxic condition caused by ingestion
`penzene poisoning,
`of benzene,
`inhalation of benzene fumes, or exposure to
`benzene-related products such as toluene or xylene, charac-
`terized by blurred vision, nausea, headache, dizziness, and
`incoordination. In acute cases, respiratory failure, convul-
`sions, or ventricular fibrillation may cause death. Chronic
`exposure may result in aplastic anemia(a form of leukemia).
`See also nitrobenzene poisoning.
`topical
`a_
`benzethonium chloride /ben'zathd'né-am/,
`antiinfective used for disinfecting the skin and fortreating
`someinfections of the eye, nose, and throat.It is also used as
`a preservative in some pharmaceutical preparations.
`benzhexol hydrochloride.
`See trihexyphenidyl hydro-
`chloride.
`a car-
`benzo[a]pyrene dihydrodiol epoxide (BPDE-I),
`cinogenic derivative of benzo[a]pyrene associated with to-
`bacco smoke.
`local anesthetic
`an ester-type,
`benzocaine /ben'zokan/,
`agent derived from aminobenzoic acid that is most useful
`when applied topically. It is used in many over-the-counter
`compounds for pruritus and pain. Benzocaine has a low in-
`cidence of toxicity, but sensitization to it may result from
`prolongedor frequent use. Topical application of benzocaine
`may cause methemoglobinemia in infants and small chil-
`dren. A minimum of 5% benzocaine is required in a com-
`pound to be effective.
`one of a
`benzodiazepine derivative /ben'z6di-az'spin/,
`group of psychotropic agents,
`including the tranquilizers
`chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, oxazepam,
`lorazepam, and
`chlorazepate, prescribedto alleviate anxiety, and the hypnot-
`ics flurazepam and triazolam, prescribed in the treatment of
`insomnia. Tolerance and physical dependence occur with
`prolonged high dosage. Withdrawal symptoms,
`including
`seizures, may follow abrupt discontinuation. Adverse reac-
`tions to the benzodiazepines include drowsiness, ataxia, and
`a paradoxic increase in aggression andhostility. These reac-
`tions are not common with the usual recommendeddosage.
`benzoic acid /benzo'ik/,
`a keratolytic agent, usually used
`with salicylic acid as an ointment in the treatment of ath-
`lete’s foot and ringworm ofthescalp.It haslittle antifungal
`action but makes deep infections accessible to more potent
`preparation. Mild irritation may occur at the site of appli-
`cation.
`a nonopiate antitussive.
`benzonatate /benzO’natat/,
`™ INDICATION:It is prescribed to suppress the coughreflex.
`@ CONTRAINDICATION: Knownhypersensitivity to this drug
`prohibits its use.
`such as
`™ ADVERSE EFFECTS: Hypersensitivity reactions,
`bronchospasm, laryngospasm, and cardiovascular collapse,
`may occur and maybe serious. Vertigo, sedation, headache,
`and constipation may sometimes occur.
`benzoyl peroxide /benzo'il/,
`an antibacterial, keratolytic
`drying agent.
`™ INDIcATion:It is prescribed in the treatmentofacne.
`™ CONTRAINDICATIONS: Known hypersensitivity to this drug
`prohibits its use. It is not used in the eye, on inflamedskin,or
`on mucous membranes.
`™ ADveRsE EFFECTs: Among the more serious adverse reac-
`tions are excessive drying and allergic contact sensitization.
`quinamide /benzkwin'amid/,
`an antiemetic.
`@ INDICATIONS:It is prescribed in the treatment of postopera-
`tive nausea and vomiting.
`MH
`CONTRAINDICATIONS: Known hypersensitivity to this drug
`prohibits its use. It is not usually administered to children or
`to pregnant women.
`™ AbversE EFFECTS: Among the most serious adverse reac-
`tions are sudden increase in blood pressure and cardiac ar-
`
`an anticholinergic
`
`a diuretic and antihyper-
`
`rhythmia. Drowsiness, chills, and shivering are commonly
`noted.
`benzthiazide /benzthi'azid/,
`tensive.
`@ INDICATIONS: It is prescribed in the treatment of hyperten-
`sion and edema.
`m CONTRAINDICATIONS: Anuria or known hypersensitivity to
`this drug, to other thiazide medication, or to sulfonamide de-
`rivatives prohibits its use.
`@ ADVERSE EFFECTS: Among the more serious adverse effects
`are hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hyper-
`sensitivity reactions.
`benztropine mesylate /benztr6'pén/,
`and antihistaminic agent.
`@ INDICATIONS: It may be prescribed as adjunctive therapy in
`the treatmentof drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms and
`all forms of parkinsonism.
`lm
`CONTRAINDICATIONS: Knownsensitivity to this drug prohib-
`its its use, and it is not administered to children less than 3
`years of age.
`lm
`ADVERSE EFFECTS: Among the most serious adverse reac-
`tions are blurred vision, xerostomia, nausea and vomiting,
`constipation, depression, and skin rash.
`benzyl alcohol /ben’zil/,
`a clear, colorless, oily liquid, de-
`rived from certain balsams, used as a topical anesthetic and
`as a bacteriostatic agent in solutions for injection. Also
`called phenyl carbinol, phenyl methanol.
`benzyl benzoate /benz0’at/,
`a clear, oily liquid with a
`pleasant, pervasive aroma.It is used as an agent to destroy
`lice and scabies, as a solvent, and as.a flavor for gum.
`benzyl carbinol.
`See phenylethyl alcohol.
`bepridil /bep'r-dil/,
`a calcium channel blocking agent used
`orally as the hydrochloride salt in treatment of chronic an-
`gina pectoris.
`a substance obtained from bovine
`beractant /ber-ak’tant/,
`lungs, containing mostly phospholipids. It mimics the action
`of human pulmonary surfactant and is used in prevention
`and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome of the new-
`born. Administered by endotracheal intubation.
`Berdon’s
`syndrome, megacystis-microcolon-intestinal
`hypoperistalsis.
`a form
`bereavement /borév'mont/ [ME, bereven, to rob],
`of grief with anxiety symptomsthatis a commonreactionto
`the loss of a loved one. It may be accompanied by insomnia,
`hyperactivity, and othereffects. Although bereavement does
`not necessarily lead to depressiveillness, it may be a trigger-
`ing factor in a person whois otherwise vulnerable to depres-
`sion. See also grief, mourning.
`twentieth century French
`Berger’s disease [Jean Berger,
`nephrologist],
`a kidney disorder characterized by recurrent
`episodes of macroscopic hematuria, proteinuria, and a gran-
`ular deposition of immunoglobulin A (IgA) from the glomer-
`ular mesangium. The condition may or may not progress to
`renal failure over a period of many years. A spontaneousre-
`mission occurs in some cases. The onsetof disease is usually
`in childhood or early adulthood, and malesare affected twice
`as often as females. Treatmentis similar to that of other renal
`diseases. Also
`called mesangial
`IgA nephropathy
`/mesan’jé-ol/.
`Berger’s paresthesia [Oskar Berger, nineteenth century
`German neurologist; Gk, para, near, aisthesia, sensation],
`a condition oftingling, prickliness, or weaknessanda loss of
`feeling in the legs without evidence of organic disease. The
`condition affects young people.
`Berger wave.
`See alpha wave.
`[Jean A.
`Bergonié-Tribondeau law /ber'g6ne’trib6do'/
`Bergonié, French radiologist,
`1857-1925; Louis FA.
`Genome Ex. 1019
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`Genome Ex. 1019
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`

`

`
`
`malignant hyperthermia precautions
`1136
`Malonic acia
`
`to extend the distal joint of a finger or toe. It ma
`Y be caused
`by severe damage, such as rupture of the term
`inal tendon.
`See also hammerfinger, hammertoe.
`mallet finger.
`See hammerfinger.
`mallet fracture,
`a fracture in which the dorsal base of
`distal phalanx of the hand orfoot is torn away. The fractur,
`disrupts
`the associated extensor apparatus and cate
`droppedflexion of the distal segment.
`“ss
`malleus/mal’é-as/ pl. mallei [L, hammer],
`one of the three
`ossicles in the middle ear, resembling a
`hammer with a
`head, neck, and three processes.It is conne
`Cted to the t mh.
`panic membrane and transmits sound vibrations to th
`incus, which communicates with the stapes. Compare ines
`stapes. See also middle ear,
`?
`Mallory body /mal’sré/ [Frank B. Mallory,
`American a.
`thologist, 1862-1941; AS, bodig, body],
`aN €osinophilic
`cytoplasmic inclusion, alcoholic hyalin, fo
`und in the liver
`cells. It is typically, but not always, associat
`ed with acute al.
`coholic liver injury. See also cirrhosis.
`Mallory-Weiss syndrome [G. Kenneth Mallory,
`American
`pathologist, b. 1926; Soma Weiss, American Physician
`1899-1942},
`a condition characterized by massive bleed,
`ing after a tear in the mucous membrane at the junction of
`the esophagus and the stomach. The laceration is usually
`caused by protracted vomiting, most commonly in alcohol-
`ics or in people whose pylorus is obstructed. The esophageal
`tear is located by esophagoscopyor arteriography, Surgery is
`usually necessary to stop the bleeding.After Tepairthe prog-
`nosis is excellent.
`
`Malignant hypertension: kidney disease
`(Kumar, Abbas, and Fausto, 2005/Courtesy Dr. H. Rennke, Brigham and
`Women’s Hospital)
`
`the administration of large quantities of dantrolene sodium,
`administration of 100% oxygen, immediate cooling, cessa-
`tion of surgery, and correction of acidosis and hyperkalemia.
`Patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia must be in-
`formed of the condition and susceptible relatives screened.
`The family is referred to the Malignant Hyperthermia Reg-
`istry (MHAUS).
`malignant hyperthermia precautions,
`a nursinginter-
`vention from the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)
`defined as prevention or reduction of hypermetabolic re-
`sponse to pharmacologic agents used during surgery. See
`also Nursing Interventions Classification.
`malignant malnutrition.
`See kwashiorkor.
`malignant melanoma.
`See melanoma.
`malignant mesenchymoma,
`a sarcoma that contains
`mesenchymal elements.
`malignant mole.
`See melanoma.
`malignant neoplasm,
`a tumorthat tends to grow, invade,
`and metastasize. The tumor usually has an irregular shape
`and is composed ofpoorly differentiated cells. If untreated, it
`may result in death.
`malignant neuroma.
`See neurosarcoma.
`malignant pustule.
`See anthrax.
`malignant transformation,—the changes that a normal
`cell undergoes as it becomes a cancerous cell. See also
`carcinogenesis.
`malignant tumor,
`a neoplasm that characteristically in-
`vades surrounding tissue, metastasizes to distant sites, and
`contains anaplastic cells. A malignant
`tumor may cause
`death if treatmentdoesnotintervene.
`malingering /maling’gering/
`[Fr, malingre, puny, weak],
`a willful and deliberate feigning of the symptomsof a dis-
`ease orinjury to gain some consciously desired end, —ma-
`linger, v., malingerer, n.
`able to be
`to beat],
`malleable /mal’é-sbel/ [L, malleare,
`pressed, hammered,or otherwise forced into a shape without
`breaking.
`mallei.
`See malleus.
`malleolar fold,
`one of two folds, the anterior and poste-
`rior, on the surface of the tympanic membrane.See also pars
`flaccida.
`little hammer],
`[L,
`malleolus /moalé’alss/ pi. malleoli
`arounded bony process, such as the protuberance on each
`side of the ankle.
`v9
`See external malleolus.
`malleolus fibulae.
`mallet deformity [ME, maillet, maul],
`a loss ofthe ability
`
`
`
`Mallory-Weiss syndrome
`(Goldman et al, 2008)
`
`malnutrition /mal’nddtrish’an/ [L, malus, bad, mC
`nourish],
`any disorder of nutrition. It may resultfrom
`unbalanced, insufficient, or excessive diet or from bop ;
`absorption, assimilation, or use of foods. Compate
`ciency disease.
`dere
`malocclusion /mal'akld0'zhen/ [L, malus + occluderé
`abnormal contact betweenthe teeth of the upper
`shut up],
`jaw andthoseof the lowerjaw. See also Angle’s
`tion of Malocclusion (modified), occlusion.
`hite, or
`malonic acid (CH,(COOH),) /mald’nik/, inte cont
`talline, highly toxic substance used as an interm xylic acid:
`poundin the production of barbiturates; a dicatboxy
`
`
`
`GenomeEx. 1019
`
`Genome Ex. 1019
`Page 5 of 8
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`

`

`
`
`Lspighian body
`‘shian body /malpig’é-an/
`[Mar
`sige
`malian, 1628-1694; AS, bodig, body),Itreeauoon
`puscle,a a glomerulus with Bowman's cap-
`gule. 2+ also called lymphatic nodule. lymphoid tissue sur-
`unding the arteries of the spleen.
`malpighian corpuscle [Marcello Malpighi; L, corpusculum,
`jittle body],
`one of a number of small, round, deep-red
`ies in the cortex of the kidney, each communicating with
`a renal tubule. Malpighian corpuscles average about 0.2 mm
`in diameter, with each capsule composed of twoparts: a cen-
`Jomerulus and a glomerular capsule. The corpusclesare
`of a filtering system through which nonprotein compo-
`nents of blood plasmaenter the tubules for urinary excretion.
`also called malpighian body, renal corpuscle.
`jposition /mal’pezish’on/,
`a wrong or faulty placement
`of a body part, such as in an untreated fracture.
`malpractice /malprak’tis/ [L, malus + Gk, praktikos, prac-
`tical],
`(in law) professional negligence that is the proxi-
`mate cause of injury or harm to a patient, resulting from a
`Jack of professional knowledge, experience, orskill that can
`reasonably be expectedin othersin the profession in similar
`circumstances or from a failure to exercise reasonable care
`or judgmentin the application. of professional knowledge,
`experience, OF skill. The four necessary elements of negli-
`gence essential to maintain a medical malpractice claim are
`duty, breach of duty, damages/injury, and causal connection
`between the breach and the injury.
`bad,
`[L, malus,
`malpresentation
`/malpres'onta’shon/
`praesentare, to Show],
`an abnormal position of the fetus in
`the birth canal,
`a kidney that failed to rotate properly
`_malrotated kidney,
`during its ascent from the pelvis in prenatal development,
`usually with the hilum facing anteriorly instead of
`anteromedially.
`1. any abnormal rotation of
`malrotation /mal’rota’shon/,
`the radiographic examina-
`mammography /mamog’rafé/,
`an organ or body part, such as the vertebral column. or a
`tion of the soft tissues of the breast. It is used to identify vari-
`tooth. 2. a failure of the intestinal tract or other viscera to
`ous benign and malignant neoplastic processes and may
`undergo normal rotation during embryonic development.
`show conclusively that a lesion is malignant. Routine mam-
`malt /mélt/ [AS, mealt],
`a preparation obtained from ger-
`mography reduces the breast cancer mortality rate by 25% to
`minated grain, such as barley,
`that contains partially de-
`35% in asymptomatic women in middle age. The baseline
`graded starch and protein with nutritive and digestive prop-
`mammographic examination is recommended at 35 years of
`erties.
`age. The National Cancer Institute recommends a yearly
`See brucellosis.
`Malta fever.
`
`mammogram for women between 50 and 75 years of age.
`maltitol /mawl'titol/,
`a hydrogenated,partially hydrolyzed
`
`After 75 years of age, routine mammography screening de-
`starch used as a sweetener.
`;
`pends on a woman’soverall health. Because of newer tech-
`
`malt soup extract,
`an extract of malt from barley grains,
`niques using lowerdoses ofradiation, the advantage of hav-
`containing also a small amount of polymeric carbohydrates,
`
`ing regular mammogramsgreatly outweighs the risk of
`Proteins, electrolytes, and vitamins, administered orally as a
`radiation exposure.
`bulk-forming laxative.
`,
`
`an
`Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA),
`malunion /malyoo'nyen/ [L, malus + unus, one],
`an im-
`act passed into law in the United States in 1992, which re-
`Perfect union of previously fragmented bone or othertissue.
`quires all mammographyfacilities to be accredited.
`
`Causes of bone malunion include osteomyelitis and im-
`mammoplasty /mam'splas't8/ [L, mamma + Gk, plassein,
`
`Proper immobilization of a fracture.
`i
`to mold],_plastic reshaping of the breasts, performed to re-
`mamillary body /mam’iler’é/ [L, mammilla, nipple; AS,
`duceorlift large or sagging breasts, to enlarge small breasts,
`bodig, body],
`either of the two small round masses of gray
`or to reconstructa breast after removal of a tumor. To reduce
`Matter in the hypothalamuslocated close to one another in
`the size of the breasts and raise them, excess tissue is re-
`interpeduncular space. They may be involved with olfac-
`moved from the underside of the breasts. The breast is then
`Teflexes.
`lifted, and the nipple drawn through an opening in an over-
`-,
`prefix meaning “mammary gland or the breast”:
`hanging skin flap. To enlarge a breast, a saline-filled orsili-
`_ _Mammectomy, mammogram, ieee
`cone gel prosthesis is inserted in a pocket formed beneath
`
`.
`See mammary glands.
`the breast on the chest wall. The complications after surgery
`mary /mam'eré/ [L, mamma, breast],
`are infection and, with the use of foreign body implants, re-
`breast.
`the
`jection bytissues. The nurse observesthe nipplesfor signs of
`mammary duct,
`See lactiferous duct.
`vascular insufficiency or congestion, applies a firm support-
`acorn],
`Mammary glands [L mamma, breast, glans,
`
`ing breast binder or brassiere, and instructs the patient to
`_lectiferous glands within the breasts. Glandular tissue forms
`limit use of her arms to lift herself.
`: “Tadius of lobes containing alveoli, each lobe having a sys-
`
`Mammogram
`
`
`
`
`1137
`
`mammoplasty
`
`tem of ducts for the passage of milk fromthe alveoli to the
`nipple. The central part of the breast is filled with glandular
`tissue. Also called breast, mamma.See alsolactation.
`mammarypapilla.
`See nipple.
`mammary region,
`the part of the pectoral region sur-
`rounding the mammary gland.
`mammogram /mam'egram/ [L, mamma + Gk, gramma,
`record],
`an x-ray film of the soft tissues of the breast.
`
`pertaining to
`
`GenomeEx. 1019
`Page 6 of 8
`
`Genome Ex. 1019
`Page 6 of 8
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`mi
`1180
`metaphyseal dysplasia
`
`normal diaphyseal and epiphysealossification centers. Treat-
`ment is supportive and symptomatic. No specific modality
`is used.
`metaphyseal dysplasia,
`a condition characterized by dis-
`ordered modeling of the long bones, in which the metaphys-
`eal circumference is enlarged and the medullary areais re-
`duced. Metaphyseal dysplasia most often affects the distal
`femur or the proximaltibia.
`metaphysis /motaf'asis/
`[Gk, meta + phyein,
`to grow],
`a region of a growing long bone in which diaphysis and epi-
`aP the "
`physis converge. —metaphyseal, adj.
`fies
`metaplasia /met’spla’zha/,
`the reversible conversion of
`wed
`gto
`normaltissue cells into another, less differentiated cell type
`
`in responseto chronicstress or injury. With prolonged expo- eeal
`
`3, Embolism via lymphatic
`sure to the inducing stimulus, cancerous transformation can
`yne gst 1
`occur.
`vessels to the
`the
`inc
`metaplasm.
`See cell inclusion.
`lymph nodes
`igisuls
`metaproterenol sulfate /met'aproter'inél/,
`tor agonist bronchodilator.
`@
`INDICATIONS: It is prescribed in the treatment of bronchial
`asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease when a
`delayed onset but prolonged effect is desired.
`
`@=CONTRAINDICATIONS: Arrhythmias associated with tachy-
`blood vessels
`cardia or known hypersensitivity to this drug prohibits its
`use. It should be used with caution in patients with hyperten-
`sion, hyperthyroidism, congestive heart failure, coronary ar-
`tery disease, or diabetes.
`M™ ADVERSE EFFECTS: Among the more serious adverseeffects
`are tachycardia, hypertension, and cardiacarrest.
`metaraminol bitartrate /met'aram’inol/,
`an adrenergic
`vasopressor.
`5. By invasion
`m INDICATIONS: It is prescribed in the treatment of hypoten-
`of body cavity
`sion and shock.
`@=CONTRAINDICATIONS: Known hypersensitivity to this drug
`prohibits its use. It is not used with the MAOinhibitors cy-
`clopropane or halothane anesthesia or as the sole drug for
`hypovolemic hypotension.
`@ ADVERSE EFFECTS: Amongthe more serious adverse effects
`are cardiac arrhythmia,tissue necrosisatthe site of injection,
`hypertension, tremors, and nausea.
`metarubricyte /-r00'brisit/ [Gk, meta + L, ruber, red, kytos,
`cell],
`a red blood cell possessing a nucleus. Such cells,
`also knownas normoblasts, are not normally found in circu-
`lating blood.
`See supersaturate.
`metastable solution.
`metastable state,
`a transient energy state of an atom with
`a half-life longer than 10 '* seconds(e.g., technetium?*™).
`
`metastasis /matas'tasis/ pl. metastases [Gk, meta + stasis,
`standing],
`1. an active process by which tumorcells move
`from the primary location of a cancer by severing connec-
`shy:
`tions from the original cell group and establishing remote
`
`colonies. Because malignant tumors have no enclosing cap-_caused by excessive levels of blood calcium,suchas in NY
`sule, cells may escape, become emboli, and be transported
`d-
`_perparathyroidism.
`
`by the lymphatic circulation or the bloodstream to implantin metastatic endometriosis [Gk, meta, beyond, stasis, ne4.
`lymph nodes and other organs far from the primary tumor.
`ing, endon, within, metra, womb,osis, condition],
`:aici
`2. a tumorthat develops away from thesite of origin. Com-_peritoneal lesions that resemble metastases from a
`
`pare anaplasia. —metastasize, ., metastatic, adj.
`noma.
`‘-
`ophthalmia.
`metastasizing mole.
`See chorioadenoma destruens.
`metastatic ophthalmia.
`See sympathetic op ding; OFS
`metastatic. _ See metastasis.
`metastatic survey [Gk, meta, beyond,stasis, stancine:
`
`metastatic abscess /-stat'ik/
`(Gk, meta, beyond, stasis,
` surveoir, to examine],
`a method of monitoring_
`to go away],standing; L, abscedere, any secondary ab-_of a cancerbytakingaseries of periodic Bea vurfacel
`
`
`
`scess that developsat a point distant from an original infec- metatarsal /met'atir’sal/ [Gk, meta + tarsos, a ob
`tion, resulting from transportation of infectious particles to
`1. adj, pertaining to the metatarsusofthe foot.
`*
`”
`other locations via the bloodstream.
`of the five bones making up the ae ee tut
`metastatic calcification [Gk, meta + stasis, standing; L, metatarsal artery. See arcuate 7! eee
`calx, lime,facere, to make],
`the pathologic process where-
`_metatarsalgia /met atirsal’jo/ [Gk, eon metatarsal bones
`by calcium salts accumulate in previously healthy tissues,
`pain],
`a painful condition aroun
`GenomeEx. 1019
`Page 7 of 8
`
`a beta, recep-
`
`
` 4. Embolism via
`
`by diffusion
`
`pv!
`“%:
`e
`4.. Direct extension into
`neighboring tissue
`along lymphatic
`vessels
`’
`
`2. Permeation
`
`oes PF
`se
`¢
`ws pon
`(jo
`
`Modesof metastasis of cancer
`(Monahanet al, 2007)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Genome Ex. 1019
`Page 7 of 8
`
`

`

`1181
`
`metformin
`
`pointers phalanx
`id
`"
`caueerated heads of metatarsal bones,
`flat
`deearsal phalanx /-tir'sol/
`[Gk, meta + tarsos,
`
`rurface> phalanx,
`line of soldiers],
`the bones of the foot
`S.
`
`and eas stress fracture,
`a break or rupture of a meta-
`
`al bone caused by prolonged running or walking. The
`
`condition is often difficult to diagnose with x-ray films. Also
`called march fracture.
`
`tatarsus /-Uir sas/
`[Gk, meta + tarsos,
`flat surface],
`me
`of the foot, consisting of five bones, numbered I to V
`a the medial side. Each bone has a long, slender body; a
`wedge-shaped proximal end; a convex distal end; and flat-
`tened, grooved sides for the attachment of ligaments. The
`metatarsal bones articulate with the tarsus proximally and
`the first row of phalanges distally. Deformities of the meta-
`ys include metatarsus valgus and metatarsus varu