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`
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`

`SCIENCE
`
`Rapid communication and availability
`
`The further processing of digital models can be implemented
`without any great loss of time. Digital data transfer via cloud-
`based systems saves on transport costs.
`
`Archivability
`
`Unlike conventionally manufactured models, digital models
`can be archived more simply and efficiently as more space is
`saved. Furthermore, they are easily retrievable by accessing
`the patient's dental record file.
`
`Economic material use
`
`Digital impression-taking avoids waste products and is there-
`fore advantageous in terms of sustainability and resource
`conservation.
`
`Chairside option
`
`Besides saving time, single-visit dental treatment offers other
`advantages such as immediate, bacteria-impermeable seal-
`ing of the dentin wound and adhesive stabilization of the
`residual hard tooth substance. A further advantage is that
`the adhesive bond is not compromised by the influence of
`temporary cement.
`
`Virtual snipping tool
`
`In addition to the possibility of rescanning to selectively cap-
`ture defective areas, the virtual snipping tool can be used to
`perform an overview scan before treatment begins. This
`means that during the treatment session for preparation,
`only the affected teeth need to be scanned.
`
`Virtual follow-up
`
`104
`
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`
`Digital models can be used to visualize numerous intraoral
`analyses of changes such as tooth migration, dental tipping,
`tooth rotation, recession, and abrasion, as opposed to con-
`ventional models. For this purpose, it is sufficient to perform
`a three-dimensional (3D) comparison between the initial
`clinical findings and subsequent intraoral scans with the aid
`of a special software tool (eg, OraCheck, Cyfex, Zurich,
`Switzerland).
`
`Kein Modellverschleils
`
`Ein digitales Modell unterliegt keinem ModellverschleilS,
`wie er durch das Aufpassen einer realen Arbeit am Gips-
`modell entsteht. Ein digitales Modell ist immer in der glei-
`chen, ursprflnglichen Qualitat verfflgbar.
`
`Schnelle Kommunikation und Verffigbarkeit
`
`Die Weiterverarbeitung von digitalen Modellen erfolgt
`ohne grolSen Zeitverlust. Durch die digitale Datenversen-
`dung, die oftmals fiber Cloud-Systeme ablauft, fallen
`keine Transportkosten an.
`
`Arch ivierbarkeit
`
`Digitale Modelle kénnen im Vergleich zu konventionellen
`Modellen viel einfacher und effizienter — da platzsparen-
`der — archiviert werden. Ein spateres Auffinden ist durch
`Aufrufen der Patientendatei zudem einfach méglich.
`
`Materialersparnis
`
`Bei einer digitalen Abformung fallen keine Abfallprodukte
`an. Dies ist unter dem Aspekt der Nachhaltigkeit und Res-
`sourcenschonung ein Vorteil.
`
`Chairside-Option
`
`Die Behandlung in einer Sitzung bietet neben der Zeiter—
`sparnis zahlreiche weitere Vorteile wie beispielsweise die
`sofortige bakteriendichte Versiegelung der Dentinwunde
`und die adhasive Stabilisierung der Restzahnhartsubstanz.
`Zudem wird der adhasive Haftverbund nicht durch einen
`
`provisorischen Zement beeintrachtigt.
`
`Virtuelle Ausschneidefunktion
`
`Neben dem Re-Scan fflr selektive, fehlerhafte Areale,
`
`kann die Virtuelle Ausschneidefunktion dazu genutzt wer-
`den, um vor der eigentlichen Behandlung einen Uber—
`sichtsscan auszufflhren und in der Sitzung der Praparation
`nur noch die betroffenen Zahne zu erfassen.
`
`Virtuelle Verlaufskontrolle
`
`lm Gegensatz zu konventionellen Modellen kénnen mit
`digitalen Modellen zahlreiche intraorale Analysen von
`
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`International Journal of Computerized Dentistry 2015;18(2): 101 —1 29
`
`

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`

`SCIENCE
`
`Static and dynamic occlusion
`
`It is not possible to alter the occlusion at a later stage with
`some intraoral scanning systems. In the case of extensive res-
`torations, the limits of feasibility are reached regarding loss of
`occlusal support. Furthermore, many systems do not permit
`the simulation of dynamic occlusion. During the past few
`months, however, a method for the integration of dynamic
`articulation using an average-value virtual articulator has
`
`become available for the first time.10 Further possibilities
`include the integration of individual articulation parameters
`and the digital alteration of the occlusion by adjusting the
`support pin.1o
`
`Scanning fees and closed systems
`
`In some systems, the user has to pay scanning fees to per-
`form a digital scan. In many cases, scan data will then first be
`sent to company owned, cloud-based storage systems; as
`the data are in an encoded file format, this is a closed system.
`An open Standard Triangulation Language (STL) data export
`for further processing using any CAD software is often, if at
`all, only possible after exporting the file from this platform.
`Recently, an increasing number of manufacturers have been
`offering what are referred to as open systems, ie, intraoral
`scanners that permit the direct export of STL files.
`
`Cost
`
`IntraoraI scan systems are still expensive. The current prices
`mean that the cost—benefit ratio is not yet feasible for many
`users. Prices of intraoral scanners are, however, expected to
`fall in the near future due to the increasing number of manu-
`facturers on the market.
`
`Scan paths
`
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`
`In addition to the different technical modes of functioning of
`the various scanners, a correct scan path is decisive for suc-
`cessful scanning results at the present state of the technolo-
`gy. Various scientific analyses show the influence of the scan
`path on the accuracy of the data capture, both in vitro and
`in vivo.3:11 Scan path means that the intraoral scanner must
`be moved according to a specific movement pattern in order
`to obtain the greatest possible precision of the virtual model.
`This is to ensure that the individual images generated by the
`optical system are superimposed with sufficient accuracy.
`Especially for the capture of large areas such as quadrants
`
`Implantatversorgung
`
`Ftir die exakte Bestimmung der Implantatposition ist bei
`einer digitalen Abformung mit Intraoralscannern ein
`zusatzlicher implantatspezifischer Scankérper erforder—
`lich9. Dieser Scankérper muss ftir das entsprechende
`Implantatsystem erhaltlich sein und zudem mit der ver-
`wendeten CAD-Software kompatibei. In Ietzter Zeit bie-
`ten jedoch immer mehr HersteIIer von 3-D-Kameras die
`Méglichkeit zur digitalen Implantatversorgung an, indem
`entsprechende Kooperationen mit den jeweiligen
`Implantatherstellern eingegangen werden.
`
`Statische und dynamische Okklusion
`
`Bei einigen intraoralen Scansystemen ist die nachtréigli-
`che Anderung der Bisslage nicht méglich. Sobald die
`Sttitzzonen aufgelést werden, kommt man bei umfang-
`reichen Restaurationen an die Grenze des Machbaren.
`
`VieIe Systeme bieten zudem keine Simulation der dyna-
`mischen Okklusion an. Seit einigen Monaten gibt es
`jedoch erstmals einen Ansatz zur Integration der dynami-
`schen Artikulation unter Verwendung eines mittelwerti-
`gen virtuellen Artikulatorslo. Ebenso ist eine Integration
`von individuellen Artikulationsparametern méglich,
`sowie wie die digitale Veranderung der Bisslage mitteis
`Sttitzstiftlo.
`
`Scangebfihren und geschlossene Systeme
`
`Bei einigen Systemen fallen sogenannte ,,scanning fees“,
`also Gebtihren pro durchgeftihrten Scan an. Oftmals wer-
`den die Scandaten zunéichst an firmeneigene ,Clouds'
`in
`einem verschltisselten Dateiformat versendet, das System
`ist also geschlossen. Ein offener STL-Datenexport zur ent-
`sprechenden Weiterverarbeitung in einem beliebigen
`CAD-Programm ist oftmals — wenn Liberhaupt — erst nach
`einem Dateiexport aus dieser Plattform mégiich. In Ietzter
`Zeit bieten jedoch immer mehr HersteIIer sogenannte
`offene Systeme an, also Intraoralscanner, die einen direk-
`ten STL-Datenexport erIauben.
`
`Preis
`
`Intraorale Scansysteme sind derzeit ziemlich kosteninten-
`siv. Ftir viele Anwender ist die Kosten-Nutzen-Rechnung
`angesichts des gegenwéirtigen Preisniveaus noch nicht
`positiv. Eine Preissenkung im Bereich der Intraoralscanner
`
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`
`International Journal of Computerized Dentistry 2015;18(2): 101 —1 29
`
`106
`
`

`

`ist jedoch angesichts der steigenden Zahl von Herstellern
`auf dem Markt in naher Zukunft zu erwarten.
`
`Scanpfade
`
`Neben den unterschiedlichen technischen Funktionswei-
`
`sen der Scanner muss hervorgehoben werden, dass das
`Scanergebnis zum derzeitigen Stand maISgeblich von
`einem sachgerechten Scanpfad abhangig ist. Verschie-
`dene wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zeigen den Ein-
`fluss des Scanpfades auf die Genauigkeit der Datener—
`fassung sowohl
`in vitro als auch in vivosv11 . Unter
`Scanpfad versteht man, dass der Intraoralscanner in
`einem bestimmten Bewegungsmuster Liber die Oberfla-
`che bewegt werden muss, um ein moglichst genaues
`virtuelles Modell zu erhalten. Dabei geht es darum, dass
`die Einzelaufnahmen, die das optische System erstellt,
`entsprechend ausreichend prazise tiberlagert werden.
`Gerade bei der Erfassung von groISen Arealen wie Qua-
`dranten- und Ganzkieferaufnahmen ist es notwendig,
`nicht nur in mesio-distaler Richtung eine ausreichende
`Datenmenge zu generieren, sondern den Scanpfad
`durch Lateralaufnahmen zu vervollstandigen und vor
`allem wieder zu schlielSen, indem zum Startpunkt der
`Scanbewegung unter Uberkreuzung der Okklusalflache
`zurtickgekehrt wird. Oftmals gestaltet sich die Erfassung
`von strukturlosen und/oder steil abfallenden Arealen
`
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