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`Academics: Bachelors in Chemistry – St. Michaels Colleage, 1962, Graduate work in Physics, Bennington College, 1962‐
`1964, MBA – Webester University ‐1991.
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`Work History:
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`1959‐1969 Tansitor Electronics, Bennington VT Research and Development Scientist
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`This work here was almost all R&D. There were a few key projects, developing a new capacitor for a Navy
`Program, improving the pyrolysis of MnNO3 to MnO2, (the active electrolyte), and figuring out the cause of aluminum
`corrosion which was causing pinholes in liquid filled cases. One early patent was, I think, one of the first thin film
`tantalum capacitors. Ta Thin Film It was used in hearing aids. I also worked on silver reclamation processing.
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`1959‐1972 Data Strata, Cedar Grove, NJ Processing Specialist
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`Here, the original intent was to develop tantalum capacitors for hybrid circuits, but the company switched gears,
`and I was put in charge of transferring processes to foreign countries. Our main client was NV Phillips, and I worked in
`Taiwan and Jamaica. This was not my cup of tea, so when I found the former Tansitor president moved to AVX, I called,
`and was hired there. A friend and I developed a light bulb extender for a different company. light bulb It was pretty
`trivial, but was the only patent where I personally collected royalties.
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`1972‐2010 AVX Corporation, Myrtle Beach, SC R&D Scientist to AVX Fellow
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`This is where the key part of my experience was. I stated in Olean NY, as an R&D Scientist, and then moved to
`their San Diego Filter operation with a project for Raytheon. After three years, I was back in Olean for a Sandia project,
`where my job was to improve an energy storage capacitor.(Then high energy was a joule per cc) This product required
`joining several parts, and is still being produced for Switch Mode Power supplies, seen here: AVX Caps
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` I then started a new line of Tantalum capacitors for them. When a new contract came for Hughes Aircraft, I was moved
`back to Olean to run that program, the purpose of that being to improve the reliability of the MLC chip. One of the
`techniques we developed was using thermal neutrons to detect internal flaws in ceramic structures. There are now
`better ways to peer inside the ceramic, but at the time it was fun to work with nuclear reactors.
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`Probably the most important product I developed was for IBM. This project spanned about 10 years, and
`consisted of negotiating a development contract, doing the basic development (in Arizona), and then after building
`workable prototypes, the moving of the project to Colorado and facilitating a dedicated building. The program became
`very successful, and in the late 80’s was opened up to other customers. I then played a marketing role; creating product
`literature, giving talks, and visiting customers. On the last page is a copy of the product announcement IBM used. My
`product is the small brown parts in between the silicone chips. The part itself, about a mm square, contained four
`individual capacitors. The challenges were many, the major ones being the internal precision, ten times more than the
`then current MLC’s, the requirement to withstand a high temperature reducing atmosphere, and the most difficultIt,
`using thin film C4 attachments on a thick film part. LICA
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`About that same time, I developed and set up a line for Thin‐film terminated Single Layer Capacitors, which are
`still a current product. SLC Capacitors It is a version of these, the Maxi‐Cap, that mimics the TC of the the EEStor
`material, but has low voltage breakdown. A 10 micron thickness would only withstand 10 or so volts.
`Exhibit 1011
`PGR2017-00010
`AVX CORPORATION
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`000001
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`After that, there was an interesting project with Martin‐Marietta, to design and fabricate multi‐layer ceramic
`actuators used in the deformable mirrors for Star‐Wars. This was the first time I dealt with a product whose function
`was mainly mechanical. We spent about 3 years on the program, and had useful devices to spec, but the Star‐Wars
`program was canceled. But the good part was we were relieved of the confidentiality, and allowed to make them
`commercially. I was again challenged to find a market for the product. I spent a year or two giving talks, and making
`samples for some customers, but it never really took off. That, plus the concern about the lead based dielectric, caused
`us to pull the plug. Here is the type of actuators we built, (these are not AVX’s) Ceramic Actuators One of the interesting
`challenges in this part was the huge size of some of the prototypes. I made one for a submarine sonar that was a ring,
`five inches in diameter, and 1.5 inches thick.
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`In the early years of this decade, I worked on many different projects. We had a varistor product, which was
`made of doped Zinc Oxide, which had to be terminated with a difficult to solder Pd/Ag alloy. This was because the
`product could not be plated with ordinary means. Being semiconductive, normal electroplating would cover the whole
`product. We had been making varistors for years, in fact, AVX was the first, and a number of other competitors joined
`the fray. It was a lucrative product. However, no manufacturer could plate, they all had use the same difficult‐to‐solder
`termination. Even though I had never plated, I was challenged to figure it out, since that would really distinguish us, and
`give us a competitive advantage. After a few months, I hit upon a way to do it, and established a production process in
`the Raleigh plant. I was then sent to France, Israel, and England to install it for their lines. It is still being sold today. MLC
`Varistors. The process, with only slight variation, also worked with thermistors.
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`In the mid part of the decade, I became a fellow,(only the 4th in the company’s 50 year history) and was allowed
`to pick most of my development areas. I decided that modules would be interesting, as it became obvious with my
`dissection of cellular phones, and discussions with Motorola and Ericsson, that modules were going to become
`important. We had some success with integrating passive components on a thick film process, but the complexity was
`limited, and the parameters of the components limited. I made some prototypes, but after a year or so, it did not look
`like we were going to be competitive, and the price of entry was too much for AVX at the time, There was one approach,
`detailed in patent 7006359 that was interesting, but I could not find a suitable means for the interconnect.
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`With a co‐worker, we found a new way to terminate MLC’s, and he set up a pilot line to work out the bugs. It
`took a couple years, but we got a number of patents on that process, which was based on electroless copper. Electroless
`plating of termination
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`In 2007 or so, I decided to go back to the tantalum world. We had a number of interesting customer requests for
`high energy devices, so that’s what I concentrated on. We developed and qualified a high energy hermetically sealed
`wet tantalum that set a new standard. Tantalum High Energy There were two plants that I worked with, one in
`Biddeford, ME, and the other in the Czech Republic. There are 3 more patents on this product that have not yet been
`published. But to us, the range of 5‐10 joules/cc was historic, but now miniscule compared to EESU projections.
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`One of the more profitable areas in the tantalum energy devices was for implantable defibrillators (the capacitor is
`shown at 30)
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`And, as you will see on the list of patents, there were a number of other devices that I developed. Many of them
`did not see commercial success, but I believe that most developers have that same experience. Sometimes something
`looks good as one starts, but other constraints arise. I had a nice project for Nokia, where they needed a ceramic version
`of a multi‐channel RC filter. They were then using an expensive silicon version. It would sell for a couple dollars each,
`which is big money to passive folk. I created that part in record time, something like 6 months to send the customer
`samples. What was interesting, is that being familiar with the different processes in many AVX plants, I used processes
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`000002
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`from five different facilities to do it. But even during that time, the semiconductor version dropped to a quarter, which
`rendered the product unprofitable. It was disappointing, but still a fun experience.
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`Following is a live link to the Google system for a list of most of my patents. There were few before, and a few
`after those dates.
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`Please let me know what further information is needed .
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`Galvagni patents
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`000003
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