I
`
`I
`
`~
`
`The American
`Heritage® Dictionary
`of the English Language
`
`FOURTH EDITION
`
`~'t; HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
`~ Boston New York
`
`,
`
`Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Ltd., et al.
`v.
`Helsinn Healthcare S.A., et al.
`U.S. Patent No. 9,(cid:20)(cid:26)(cid:22),(cid:28)(cid:23)(cid:21)
`Reddy Exhibit 1031
`
`Exh. 1031
`
`

`
`Words are included in this Dictionary on the basis of their usage.
`Words that are known to have current trademark registrations are
`shown with an initial capital and are also identified as trademarks. No
`investigation has been made of common-law trademark rights in any
`word, because such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any
`word in this Dictionary is not, however, an expression of the
`Publisher's opinion as to whether or not it is subject to proprietary
`rights. Indeed, no definition in this Dictionary is to be regarded as
`affecting the validity of any trademark.
`
`American Heritage® and the eagle logo are registered trademarks of
`Forbes Inc. Their use is pursuant to a license agreement with
`Forbes Inc.
`
`Copyright © 2000 Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
`
`No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
`by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
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`the prior written permission of Houghton Mifflin Company unless
`such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Address
`inquiries to Reference Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Company,
`222 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA 02116.
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`Visit our Web site: www.hmco.com/trade.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`The American Heritage dictionary of the English language. -4th ed.
`p.
`em.
`ISBN 0-395-82517-2 (hardcover)- ISBN 0-618-08230-1
`(hardcover with CD ROM)
`1. English language-Dictionaries
`PE1628 .A623 2000
`423- dc21
`
`00-025369
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`Exh. 1031
`
`

`
`a•mor•phism (o-mor'fJZ'om) n. The state or quality of being amor-
`phous.
`a•mor•phous (o-morffos) adj. 1. Lacking definite form; shapeless.
`See synonyms at shapeless. 2. Of no. part;cwar type; at;omalous. 3.
`Lacking organizatiOn; formless. 4. Lacking d1stmct crystallme structure.
`[From Greek amorphos : a-, without; see A-1 + morphe, shape.] -a•
`morfphous•ly adv. -a•mor'phous•ness n.
`am•or•ti•za•tion (iim'or-tl-zii'shon, o-mor'-) n. 1a. The act or
`process of amortizing. b. The money set aside for this purpose. 2. In
`reckoning the yield of a bond bought at a premium, the periodic subtrac-
`tion from its current yield of a proportionate share of the premium be-
`tween the purchase date and the maturity date.
`am•or•tize (iim'or-tiz', o-mor'-) tr.v. -tized, -tiz•ing, -tiz•es 1.
`To liquidate (a debt, such as a mortgage) by installment payments or
`payment into a sinking fund. 2. To write off an expenditure for (office
`equipment, for example) by prorating over a certain period. [Middle
`English amortisen, to alien~te in mort:nain, from Old French amortir,
`amortiss-, from Vwgar Latm *admortlre, to deaden : Latm ad-, ad- +
`Latin mors, mort-, death; see mer- in Appendix I.] -am'or•tiz'a•
`ble adj.
`A•mos1 (ii'mos) A Hebrew prophet of the eighth century B.C. He was
`the earliest prophet to have a book of the Bible named for him. [Hebrew
`'amos. See 'ms in Appendix II.]
`A•mos2 (ii/mos) n. Abbr. Am See table at Bible. [After AMos'.]
`a•mount (o-mount') n. 1. The total of two or more quantities; the
`aggregate. 2. A number; a sum. 3. A principal plus its interest, as in a
`loan. 4. The full effect or meaning; import. 5. Quantity: a great amount
`of intelligence. ·:· intr.v. a•mount•ed, a•mount•ing, a•mounts 1.
`To add up in number or quantity: The purchases amounted to 50 dollars.
`2. To add up in import or effect: That plan will never amount to anything.
`3. To be equivalent or tantamount: accusations that amount to an indict-
`ment. [From Middle English amounten, to ascend, from Old French
`amonter, from amont, upward, from Latin ad montem, to the hill : ad, to;
`see ad- in Appendix I + mons, mont-, hill; see men-2 in Appendix I.]
`a•mour (o-moor') n. A love affair, especially an illicit one. [Middle
`English, from Old French, from Old Proven,al, from Latin amor, love.
`See AMOROUS.)
`a•mour-pro•pre (ii-moor-prop'ro) n. Respect for oneself; self-
`esteem. [French : amour, love + propre, own.]
`a•mox•i•cil•lin (o-miik'sl-sll'in) n. A semisynthetic penicillin,
`C16H1~305S, having an antibacterial spectrum of action similar to that
`of ampicillin. (AM(INO) + (HYDR)OX(Y) + (PEN)ICILLIN.)
`A•moy1 (ii-moi') See Xiamen.
`A•moy2 (a-moi', o-moi') n. The variety of Chinese spoken in and
`around the city of Xiamen in Fujian province in southeast China. [After
`Amoy (Xiamen).]
`amp (amp) n. Informal 1. An ampere. 2. An amplifier, especially one
`used to amplify music.
`AMP (ii'em-pe') n. A mononucleotide, C10H14N50 7P, found in animal
`cells and reversibly convertible to ADP and ATP; adenosine monophos-
`phate. Also called adenylic acid. (A(DENOSINE) M(ONO)P(HOSPHATE).)
`am•per•age (iim'por-lj, iim'pir'-) n. The strength of an electric cur-
`rent expressed in amperes.
`am•pere (iim'pir') n. Abbr. A 1. A unit of electric current in the
`meter-kilogram-second system. It is the steady current that when flowing
`in straight parallel wires of infinite length and negligible cross section,
`separated by a distance of one meter in free space, produces a force be-
`tween the wires of 2 x 10"7 newtons per meter of length. 2. A unit in the
`International System specified as one International cowomb per second
`and equal to 0.999835 ampere. See table at measurement. [After Andre
`Marie AMPERE.]
`Am•pere (iim'pir, iiN-per'), Andre Marie 1775-1836. French phys-
`icist and mathematician who formwated Ampere's law, a mathematical
`description of the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying con-
`ductor.
`am•pere-hour (iim' pir-our' ) n. Abbr. A.h. or amp hr The electric
`charge transferred past a specified circuit point by a current of one
`ampere in one hour.
`am•pe re-turn (iim'pir-tilrn' ) n. Abbr. At A unit of magnetomotive
`force in the meter-kilogram-second system equal to the magnetomotive
`force around a path linking one turn of a conducting loop carrying a cur-
`rent of one ampere.
`am•per•sand (iim'por-siind') n. The character or sign (&) repre-
`senting the word and. [Alteration of and per se and, & (the sign) by itself
`(means) and.]
`am•phet•a•mine (iim-fet'o-men', -min) n. 1. A colorless, volatile
`liquid, C9H13N, used as a central nervous system stimwant in the treat-
`ment of certain conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disor-
`der, depression, and narcolepsy, and abused illegally as a stimwant. 2. A
`derivative of amphetamine, such as dextroamphetamine or a phosphate
`Or swfate of amphetamine. (A(LPHA) + M(ETHYL) + PH(ENYL) + ET(HYL)
`+AMINE.)
`amphi- pref. 1. Both: amphibiotic. 2. On both sides: amphistylar. 3.
`Around: amphithecium. [Latin, from Greek, from amphi, on both sides,
`around. See ambhi in Appendix I.]
`am•phi •ar•thro•sis (iim'fe-ar-thro' sls) n., pl. -ses ( -sez) A type
`of articulation between bony surfaces that permits limited motion and is
`connected by ligaments or elastic cartilage, such as that between the ver-
`tebrae.
`(iim-fib' e-on) n. 1. A cold-blooded, smooth-
`a m •phib•i•an
`skinned vertebrate of the class Amphibia, such as a frog or salamander,
`that characteristically hatches as an aquatic larva with gills. The larva
`
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`inc-
`sen-
`-a'-
`tpid.
`love.
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`:lites,
`.urrU,
`lesig-
`est of
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`tlove,
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`1love;
`1iddle
`1nisus,
`v adv.
`
`amphibian
`amphibious aircraft
`
`n
`
`a mphiprostyle
`plan of the Temple of Athena
`Nike at the Acropolis, Athens
`
`amorphism I amphithecium
`then transforms into an adwt having air-breathing lungs. 2. An animal
`capable of living both on land and in water. 3. An aircraft that can take
`off and land on either land or water. 4. A tracked or wheeled vehicle that
`can operate both on land and in water. [From New Latin Amphibia, class
`name, from Greek, neuter pl. of amphibios, amphibious: amphi-, amphi-
`+ bios, life; see gwei- in Appendix I.]
`am•phi•bi•ot•ic (iim'fo-bl-iit'lk) adj. Living in water during an
`early stage of development and on land during the adwt stage.
`am•phib•i•ous (iim-fib'e-os) adj. 1. Biology Living or able to live
`both on land and in water. 2. Able to operate both on land and in water:
`amphibious tanks. 3. Relating to or organized for a military landing by
`means of combined naval and land forces. 4. Of a mixed or twofold na-
`ture. [From Latin amphibius, from Greek amphibios. See AMPHIBIAN.]
`-am•phibfi•ous•ly adv. -am•phib'i•ous•ness n.
`am•phi•bole (iim'fo-bol' ) n. Any of a large group of structurally
`similar hydrated double silicate minerals, such as hornblende, containing
`various combinations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and alumi-
`num. [French, from Late Latin amphibolus, ambiguous, from Greek am-
`phibolos, doubtfw, from amphiballein, to throw on either side : amphi-,
`amphi- + ballein, to throw; see gwela- in Appendix I.]-am'phi•bol'-
`ic ( -biil'lk) adj.
`am•phib•o•lite (iim-fib'o-lit') n. A metamorphic rock composed
`chiefly of amphibole with minor plagioclase and little quartz. -am•
`phib' o•lit'ic ( -lit'lk) adj.
`am• phi•bol•o•gy (iim' fo-biil'o-je) n., pl. -gies An ambiguous or
`equivocal statement. [French amphibologie, from Late Latin amphibolo-
`gia : Latin amphibo(lia), ambiguity (from Greek amphiboliii, from am-
`phibolos, doubtfw; see AMPHIBOLE) + Latin -logia, -logy (added on the
`model of such words as tautologia, tautology).]
`am• phib•o•lous (iim-fib' o-los) adj. Having a grammatical struc-
`ture that allows of two interpretations; equivocal. [From Late Latin am-
`phibolus. See AMPHIBOLE.)
`am•phi•brach (iim'fo-briik') n. A trisyllabic metrical foot having
`one accented or long syllable between two unaccented or short syllables,
`as in the word remember. [Latin amphibrachys, from Greek amphibra-
`khus : amphi-, amphi- + brakhus, short; see mregh-u- in Appendix I.]
`am•phic•ty•o•ny (iim-flk'te-o-ne) n., pl. -nies A league of neigh-
`boring ancient Greek states sharing a common religious center or shrine,
`especially the one at Delphi. [Greek Amphiktuonia, from amphiktuones,
`variant of amphiktiones, neighbors : amphi-, on the periphery; see
`AMPHI- + ktizein, to settle; see tkei- in Appendix I.] -am•phic'ty•
`on'ic ( -iin'lk) adj.
`am•phi•dip•loid (iim'fi-dlp'loid) adj. Having a diploid set of
`chromosomes derived from each parent. •:• n. An organism or individual
`having a diploid set of chromosomes derived from each parent.
`-am'phi•dip'loid•y n.
`am•phim•a•cer (iim-frm'o-sor) n. A trisyllabic metrical foot
`having an unaccented or short syllable between two accented or long syl-
`lables, as in Peter Pan. Also called cretic. [Latin amphimacrus, from Greek
`amphimakros : amphi-, am phi- + makros, long; see mak- in Appendix I.]
`am•phi•mix•is (iim'fo-mlk'sls) n., pl. -mix•es (-mlk'sez' ) The
`union of the sperm and egg in sexual reproduction. [AMPHI- + Greek
`mbcis, a mingling (from mignunai, mik-, to mingle; see meik- in Appen-
`dix I).]-am'phi•micftic ( -mlk'tlk) adj.
`Am•phi•on (iim-fl' on) n. Greek Mythology The son of Zeus and the
`twin brother of Zethus, with whom he built a wall around Thebes by
`charming the stones into place with the music of his magical lyre.
`am•phi•ox•us (iim'fe-iik'sos) n. See lancelet. [AMPHI- + Greek
`oxus, sharp; see ak- in Appendix I.]
`am• phi•phil•ic (iim'fo-ft.J/lk) adj. Of or relating to a molecwe
`having a polar, water-soluble group attached to a nonpolar, water-insol-
`uble hydrocarbon chain.
`am•phi•pod (iim'fo-piid' ) n. A small crustacean of the order Am-
`phipoda, such as the beach flea, having a laterally compressed body with
`no carapace. [From New Latin Amphipoda, order name : AMPHI- + New
`Latin -poda, -pod.]
`am•phip•ro•style (iim-fip'ro-stli' , iim'fi-pro' stli') adj. Having a
`prostyle or set of columns at each end but none along the sides, as in
`some Greek temples. [Latin amphiprostylos, from Greek amphiprostillos :
`amphi-, amphi- + prostiilos, with pillars in front; see PROSTYLE.] - am•
`phip'ro•style' n.
`am• phis•bae•na (iim'fis-be'm) n. A mythical serpent having a
`head at each end of its body. [Middle English amphibena, from Latin am-
`phisbaena, from Greek amphisbaina : amphis, both ways (from amphi-,
`amphi-) + bainein, to go; see gwa- in Appendix I.]-am' phis•bae'nic
`adj.
`am•phi•sty•lar (iim' fi-stiflor) adj. Having columns at both front
`and back or on each side, as some Greek temples. [From AMPHI- + Greek
`stillos, pillar; see sta- in Appendix I.]
`a m • phi•the• a •te r (iim' fo-the'o-tor) n. 1. An oval or round struc-
`ture having tiers of seats rising gradually outward from a central open
`space or arena. 2. An arena where contests and spectacles are held. 3. A
`level area surrounded by upward sloping ground. 4. An upper, sloping
`gallery with seats for spectators, as in a theater or operating room. [Mid-
`dle English amphitheatre, from Latin amphitheatrum, from Greek
`amphitheatron : amphi-, amphi- + theiitron, theater; see THEATER]
`- am'phi•the•at'ric (-iitfrlk), am'phi•the •atfri•cal adj. -am'-
`phi•the•at'ri•cal•ly adv.
`a m • p hi•the •ci•um (iim'fo-the' she-om, -se-om) n., pl. -ci•a (-she-
`, , -se-o) The outer layer of cells of the spore-containing capswe of a
`moss. [New Latin : AMPHI- + Greek thekion, diminutive of theke, recep-
`tacle; see dhe- in Appendix I.]
`
`amphitheater
`built by the Romans
`c. 200 B.C., Segesta, Sicily
`
`ii pat
`ii pay
`ar care
`ii father
`e pet
`e be
`ipit
`! pie
`ir pier
`o pot
`6 toe
`a paw
`
`oi boy
`ou out
`o~o took
`oo boot
`ii cut
`ilr urge
`th thin
`th this
`hwwhich
`zh vision
`;1 about, item
`+ regionalism
`
`Stress marks: ' (primary);
`' (secondary), as in
`dictionary (dlk' sho-ner'e)
`
`61
`
`Exh. 1031