The Atnerican
`Heritage® Dictionary
`of the English Language
`
`FOURTH EDITION
`
`~t; HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
`~ Boston New York
`
`.
`
`Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Ltd., et al.
`v.
`Helsinn Healthcare S.A., et al.
`U.S. Patent No. 9,(cid:20)(cid:26)(cid:22),(cid:28)(cid:23)(cid:21)
`Reddy Exhibit 1056
`
`Exh. 1056
`
`

`
`Words are included in this Dictionary on the basis of their usage.
`Words that are known to have current trademark registrations are
`shown with an initial capital and are also identified as trademarks. No
`investigation has been made of common-law trademark rights in any
`word, because such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any
`word in this Dictionary is not, however, an expression of the
`Publisher's opinion as to whether or not it is subject to proprietary
`rights. Indeed, no definition in this Dictionary is to be regarded as
`affecting the validity of any trademark.
`
`American Heritage® and the eagle logo are registered trademarks of
`Forbes Inc. Their use is pursuant to a license agreement with
`Forbes Inc.
`
`Copyright © 2000 Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
`
`No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`The American Heritage dictionary of the English language. -4th ed.
`p.
`em.
`ISBN 0-395-82517-2 (hardcover) -
`(hardcover with CD ROM)
`1. English language-Dictionaries
`PE1628 .A623 2000
`423- dc21
`
`ISBN 0-618-08230-1
`
`00-025369
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`Exh. 1056
`
`

`
`·Os.]
`rom
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`3.
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`7.
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`fn-
`b.
`1al
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`•g.
`to
`
`n-
`:h
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`1e
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`·e
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`!.
`
`oor•drecht (dor'drekt', -dreKHt') also Dart (dart) A city of south-
`west Netherlands on the Meuse River southeast of Rotterdam. Founded
`in the 11th century, it is a railroad junction and river port. Population:
`ll3,041.
`oo•re (do-ra/), (Paul) Gustave 1832-1883. French artist best known
`for his imaginative drawings and lithographs in editions of Balzac's Droll
`Stories (1856) and Cervantes's Don Quixote (1863).
`oo•ri•an (dor'e-;m, dor'-) n. One of a Hellenic people that invaded
`Greece around 1100 B.C. and remained culturally and linguistically dis-
`tinct within the Greek world. [Latin Doriiinus, from Darius, from Greek
`Dorios, from Doris, Doris. I -Do'ri•an adj.
`oor• ic ( dor'ik, diir'-) n. A dialect of ancient Greek spoken in the
`Peloponnesus, Crete, certain of the Aegean Islands, Sicily, and southern
`Italy. •!• adj. 1. Of, relating to, characteristic of, or designating Doric. 2.
`In the style of or designating the Doric order. [Latin Doricus, from Greek
`Dorikos, from Doris, Doris.]
`Doric order n. 1. The oldest and simplest of the three main orders
`of classical Greek architecture, characterized by heavy fluted columns
`with plain, saucer-shaped capitals and no base. 2. A Roman order of sim-
`ilar design but with the addition of a base.
`Dor• is ( dor'ls, dor' -, diir'-) An ancient region of central Greece. It was
`the traditional homeland of the Dorians.
`dork ( dork) n. 1. Slang A stupid, inept, or foolish person: "the stupid
`antics of America's favorite teen-age cartoon darks" (Joshua Mooney). 2.
`Vulgar Slang The penis. [Perhaps from dark, variant of DIRK.]-dork'i•
`ness n. -dork'y adj.
`Dor•king (dor'klng) n. A heavy-bodied domestic fowl having five
`toes on each foot and raised chiefly for table use. [After Dorking, an
`urban district of southern England.]
`dorm (dorm) n. Informal A dormitory.
`dor•mant (dor'm>nt) adj. 1. Lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive. 2.
`Latent but capable of being activated: "a harrowing experience which . ..
`lay dormant but still menacing" (Charles Jackson). 3. Temporarily quies-
`cent: a dormant volcano. See synonyms at inactive, latent. 4. In a con-
`dition of biological rest or inactivity characterized by cessation of growth
`or development and the suspension of many metabolic processes. [Mid-
`dle English, from Old French, from present participle of dormir, to sleep,
`from Latin dormire.] -dor'man•cy n.
`dor•mer (dor'm•r) n. 1. A window set vertically into a small gable
`projecting from a sloping roof. 2. The gable holding such a window.
`[Obsolete French dormeor, sleeping room, from dormir, to sleep. See
`DORMANT.]
`dor•mie also dor•my (dor'me) adj. Ahead of an opponent in a golf
`match by as many holes as there are holes remaining to be played. [Origin
`unknown.]
`dor•min (dar' min) n. Abscisic acid. [DORM(ANCY) +-IN.]
`dor•mi•to•ry (dor'mi-tor'e, -tor' e) n., pl. -ries 1. A room provid-
`ing sleeping quarters for a number of persons. 2. A building for housing
`a number of persons, as at a school or resort. 3. A community whose
`inhabitants commute to a nearby city for employment and recreation.
`[Middle English dormitorie, from Latin dormltorium, from dormltorius,
`of sleep, from dormitus, past participle of dormire, to sleep.]
`dor•mouse (dor'mous') n. Any of various small, squirrellike Old
`World rodents of the family Gliridae. [Middle English, probably alter-
`ation (influenced by mous, mouse) of Anglo-Norman dormeus, inclined
`to sleep, hibernating, from Old French dormir, to sleep. See DORMANT.]
`dor•my (dor'me) adj. Variant of dormie.
`dor•nase al•fa (dorlnas' iiJib, -naz') n. A genetically engineered
`enzyn1e used to hydrolyze the DNA in bronchial mucus, facilitating its
`expectoration, in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. [Alteration of ( recom-
`binant human) d(e)o(xy)r(ibo)n(ucle)ase (1) +alteration of ALPHA.]
`dor•nick' (dor'nik) n. A coarse damask. [Middle English, after
`Doomik (Tournai), a city of southwest Belgium.]
`+ dor•nick2 (dor'nik) n. Lower Northern U.S. A stone small enough to
`throw from a field being cleared. [Probably from Irish Gaelic dorn6g, a
`small round stone.]
`Regional Note The word dornick is used from Pennsylvania westward
`to Iowa. It probably comes from Irish Gaelic dorn6g, "a small round
`stone:' Craig M. Carver, author of American Regional Dialects, attributes
`the introduction of the term to the Scotch-Irish Protestants from North-
`em Ireland who emigrated to America in the 18th century. Dornick must
`have been one of the "few purely Irish terms" in the otherwise English
`and Scots lexicon of the Scotch-Irish.
`
`do•ron•i•cum (d>-riin'i-k>m) n. A plant of the genus Doronicum,
`which includes the leopard's bane. [New Latin, from Arabic darawnajs,
`from Persian dariinak.]
`dorp (dorp) n. South African A small town. [Afrikaans, from Middle
`Dutch. See treb- in Appendix I.]
`dors- pref. Variant of dorsa- .
`dor•sa (dar's>) n. Plural of dorsum.
`dor•sad (dor'siid') adv. In the direction of the back; dorsally.
`dor•sal (dar's.!) adj. 1. Anatomy Of, toward, on, in, or near the back
`or upper surface of an organ, part, or organism. 2. Botany Of or on the
`outer surface, underside, or back of an organ. [Middle English, from Late
`Latin dorsalis, from Latin dorsuiilis, from dorsum, back.] -dorlsal•ly
`adv.
`dorsal fin n. The main fin located on the back of fishes and certain
`marine mammals.
`dorsal root n. The more posterior of the two nerve fiber bundles of
`a spinal nerve that carries sensory information to the central nervous sys-
`tem.
`
`Dor•set1 (dar' sit) n. An early Native American culture flourishing in
`small coastal settlements in northern Greenland and the eastern Canadi-
`an Arctic south to Newfoundland from about 800 B.C. to A.D. 1000.
`[After Cape Dorset, Baffin Island, site of excavations.]
`Dor•set2 (dorlsit) A region of southwest England on the English
`Channel. Part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex, it was used as the
`setting for many of Thomas Hardy's novels.
`Dorset Horn n. A domestic sheep of a breed having large horns and
`medium-length, fine-textured wool. [After DORSET, England.]
`Dor•sey (dolse), Tommy 1905-1956. American band leader. He and
`his brother Jimmy (1904-1957) were known for their swing bands that
`were particularly popular in the 1930s and 1940s.
`dorsi- pref. Variant of dorsa-.
`dor•si•ven•tral (dor'si-ven'tr>l) or dor•so•ven•tral (-so-) adj.
`1. Botany Flattened and having distinct upper and lower surfaces, as
`most leaves do. 2. Biology Extending from a dorsal to a ventral surface:
`dorsiventral muscles. -dor'si•ven'tral•ly adv.
`dorsa- or dorsi- or dors- pref. 1. Back: dorsad. 2. Dorsal: dorsoven-
`tral. [From Latin dorsum, back.]
`dor•so•lat•er•al (dor'so-liit'>r->1) adj. Of or involving both the
`back and the side. -dor'so•lat'er•al•ly adv.
`dor•so•ven•tral (dor'so-ven'tr>l) adj. Variant of dorsiventraL
`dor•sum (d6r's>m) n.,pl. -sa (-s>) 1. The back. 2. The upper, outer
`surface of an organ, appendage, or part: the dorsum of the foot. [Latin,
`back.]
`Dort (dart) See Dordrecht.
`Dort•mund (dort'm>nd, -mo-ont') A city of west-central Germany
`north-northeast of Cologne. First mentioned c. 885, it flourished from
`the 13th to the 17th century as a member of the Hanseatic League. Pop-
`ulation: 601,966.
`do•ry1 (dor'e, dorle) n., pl. -ries A small, narrow, flatbottom fishing
`boat with high sides and a sharp prow. [Origin unknown.]
`do•ry2 (dorte, dorle) n., pl. -ries 1. John Dory. 2. See walleye (sense
`1). [Middle English dorre, from Old French doree, from feminine past
`participle of darer, to gild, from Late Latin deauriire : Latin dii-, de- +
`Latin aurum, gold.]
`DOS (diis, dos) n. Computer Science An operating system that resides
`on a disk. [D(ISK) O(PERATING) S(YSTEM).]
`dos•age (dolsij) n. 1a. Administration of a therapeutic agent in pre-
`scribed amounts. b. Determination of the amount to be so administered.
`c. The amount so administered. 2. Addition of an ingredient to a sub-
`stance in a specific amount, especially to wine.
`dose (dos) n. 1a. A specified quantity of a therapeutic agent, such as
`a drug or medicine, prescribed to be taken at one time or at stated inter-
`vals. b. The amount of radiation administered as therapy to a given site.
`2. An ingredient added, especially to wine, to impart flavor or strength.
`3. An amount, especially of something unpleasant, to which one is sub-
`jected: a dose of hard luck. 4. Slang A venereal infection. •:• tr. v. dosed,
`dos•ing, dos•es 1. To give (someone) a dose, as of medicine. 2. To
`give or prescribe (medicine) in specified amounts. [French, from Late
`Latin dosis, from Greek, something given, from didonai, to give. See do-
`in Appendix 1.]-dosler n.
`do-si-do (dolse-dol) n., pl. -dos 1. A movement in square dancing
`in which two dancers approach each other and circle back to back, then
`return to their original positions. 2. The call given to signal such a move-
`ment. [Alteration of French dos ados, back to back: dos, back (from Old
`Frenm; see DOSSIER) + a, to; see BLACK-A-VISED.]
`do•sim•e•ter (d6-sim'l-t>r) n. An instrument that measures and
`indicates the amount of x-rays or radiation absorbed in a given period.
`[DOS( E)+ - METER.]
`do•sim•e•try (d6-sim'l-tre) n. The accurate measurement of doses,
`especially of radiation. [DOS(E) + - METRY.]-do•si•metlric (-s~-met'­
`rik) adj.
`Dos Pas•sos (dos piis'os), John Roderigo 1896-1970. American
`writer whose works, such as the trilogy U.S.A. (1930-1936), combine
`narrative, stream of consciousness, biography, and newspaper quotations
`to depict American life.
`doss (des) Chiefly British Slang n. 1. Sleep; rest. 2. A crude or make-
`shift bed. •!• intr.v. dossed, doss•ing, doss•es To go to bed, especially
`in a crude or makeshift bed; sleep. [Perhaps alteration of dorse, back,
`from Latin dorsum.]
`dos•sal also dos•sel (diis'~l) n. An ornamental hanging of rich fab-
`ric, as behind an altar. [Medieval Latin dossiile, from neuter of dossiilis,
`dorsal, from Late Latin dorsalis. See DORSAL.]
`dos•si•er (diis'e-a', dolse-a') n. A collection of papers giving de-
`tailed information about a particular person or subject. [French, from
`Old French, bundle of papers labeled on the back, from dos, back, from
`Latin dorsum.]
`dost ( diist) v. Archaic A second person singular present tense of do 1•
`Dos•to•yev•sky or Dos•to•ev•ski (diis'tl-yeflske, -toi-, diis-),
`Feodor Mikhailovich 1821-1881. Russian writer whose works com-
`bine religious mysticism with profound psychological insight. His four
`great novels are Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1868-1869),
`The Possessed (1871), and The Brothers Karamazov (1879-1880). -Dosl-
`to•yevlski•an adj.
`dot' (diit) n. 1a. A tiny round mark made by or as if by a pointed
`instrument; a spot. b. Such a mark used in orthography, as above an i.
`c. The basic unit of composition for an image produced by a device that
`prints text or graphics on paper: a resolution of 900 dots per inch. 2. A
`tiny amount. 3. In Morse and similar codes, the short sound or signal
`used in combination with the dash and silent intervals to represent let-
`
`Dordrecht 1 dot1
`
`Doric order
`Doric order capital
`
`dormer
`
`dory1
`
`a pat
`a pay
`ar care
`a father
`e pet
`e be
`lpit
`ipie
`lr pier
`ii pot
`otoe
`a paw
`
`oi boy
`__ ou out
`o-o took
`60 boot
`U cut
`lir urge
`th thin
`th this
`hwwhich
`zh vision
`~about, item
`+ regionalism
`
`Stress marks: ' (primary);
`1 (secondary), as in
`dictionary ( dik'sh~-ner' e)
`
`537
`
`Exh. 1056