W H I T E P A P E R
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`VMware Infrastructure Architecture Overview
`VMware Infrastructure Architecture Overview
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`VMware Infrastructure Architecture Overview
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`WIZ, Inc. EXHIBIT - 1074
`WIZ, Inc. v. Orca Security LTD.
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`VMware white paper
`VMWARE WHITE PAPER
`
`Table of Contents
`Table of Contents
`
`Physical Topology of the VMware Infrastructure Data Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
`4
`Physical Topology of the VMware Infrastructure Data Center
`Virtual Data Center Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
`5
`Virtual Data Center Architecture
`Hosts, Clusters and Resource Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
`6
`Hosts, Clusters and Resource Pools
`VMware VMotion, VMware DRS and VMware HA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
`7
`VMware VMotion, VMware DRS and VMware HA
`Networking Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
`8
`Networking Architecture
`Storage Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
`9
`Storage Architecture
`VMware Consolidated Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
` 10
`VMware Consolidated Backup
`ESX Server External Interfacing Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
` 10
`ESX Server External Interfacing Components
`VirtualCenter Management Server Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
` 11
`VirtualCenter Management Server Architecture
`Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
` 13
`Conclusion
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`2 
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`

`

`VMware Infrastructure architecture Overview
`VMware Infrastructure Architecture Overview
`VMware® Infrastructure is the industry’s first full infrastruc-
`VMware® Infrastructure is the industry's first full infrastruc-
`ture virtualization suite that allows enterprises and small busi-
`ture virtualization suite that allows enterprises and small busi-
`nesses alike to transform, manage and optimize their IT systems
`nesses alike to transform, manage and optimize their IT systems
`infrastructure through virtualization. VMware Infrastructure
`infrastructure through virtualization. VMware Infrastructure
`delivers comprehensive virtualization, management, resource
`delivers comprehensive virtualization, management, resource
`optimization, application availability and operational automa-
`optimization, application availability and operational automa-
`tion capabilities in an integrated offering.
`tion capabilities in an integrated offering.
`
`Figure 1-1: VMware Infrastructure
`Figure 1-1: VMware Infrastructure
`VMware Infrastructure
`
` DRS
`DRS
`
`HA
`HA
`
`Consolidated
`Consolidated
`Backup
`Backup
`
`VirtualCenter Management Server
`VirtualCenter Management Server
`
`Virtual Machines
`Virtual Machines
`
`App
`
`OS
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`App
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`OS
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`App
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`OS
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`App
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`OS
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`App
`APP
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`0
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`App
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`OS
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`l
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`Virtual SMP
`irtual SMPAI
`
`ESX Servers
`ESX Servers
`
`VMFS
`
`VMware white paper
`VMWARE WHITE PAPER
`
`11%
`
`what is Virtualization and what are Virtual
`What is Virtualization and What are Virtual
`Machines?
`Machines?
`Virtualization is an abstraction layer that decouples
`Virtualization is an abstraction layer that decouples
`the physical hardware from the operating system to
`the physical hardware from the operating system to
`deliver greater IT resource utilization and flexibility.
`deliver greater IT resource utilization and flexibility.
`Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines, with
`Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines, with
`heterogeneous operating systems (e.g., Windows
`heterogeneous operating systems (e.g., Windows
`00 Server and Linux) and applications to run in iso-
`2003 Server and Linux) and applications to run in iso-
`lation, side-by-side on the same physical machine.
`lation, side-by-side on the same physical machine.
`A virtual machine is the representation of a physical
`A virtual machine is the representation of a physical
`machine by software. It has its own set of virtual
`machine by software. It has its own set of virtual
`hardware (e.g., RAM, CPU, NIC, hard disks, etc.) upon
`hardware (e.g., RAM, CPU, NIC, hard disks, etc.) upon
`which an operating system and applications are
`which an operating system and applications are
`loaded. The operating system sees a consistent,
`loaded. The operating system sees a consistent,
`normalized set of hardware regardless of the actual
`normalized set of hardware regardless of the actual
`physical hardware components. VMware virtual
`physical hardware components. VMware virtual
`machines contain advanced hardware features such
`machines contain advanced hardware features such
`as 64-bit computing and virtual symmetric multipro-
`as 64-bit computing and virtual symmetric multipro-
`cessing.
`cessing.
`For more information on virtualization, please read the
`For more information on virtualization, please read the
`Virtualization Overview VMware white paper.
`Virtualization Overview VMware white paper.
`
`Enterprise Servers
`Enterprise Servers
`
`Enterprise Network
`Enterprise Network
`
`Enterprise Storage
`Enterprise Storage
`
`VMware Infrastructure includes the following components as
`VMware Infrastructure includes the following components as
`shown in Figure 1-1:
`shown in Figure 1-1:
`• VMware ESX Server – A production-proven virtualization
`VMware ESX Server — A production-proven virtualization
`layer run on physical servers that abstract processor, memory,
`layer run on physical servers that abstract processor, memory,
`storage and networking resources to be provisioned to
`storage and networking resources to be provisioned to
`multiple virtual machines
`multiple virtual machines
`• VMware Virtual Machine File System (VMFS) – A high-perfor-
`VMware Virtual Machine File System (VMFS) — A high-perfor-
`mance cluster file system for virtual machines
`mance cluster file system for virtual machines
`• VMware Virtual Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP) – Enables
`• VMware Virtual Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP) — Enables
`a single virtual machine to use multiple physical processors
`a single virtual machine to use multiple physical processors
`simultaneously
`simultaneously
`• VirtualCenter Management Server – The central point for
`• VirtualCenter Management Server — The central point for
`configuring, provisioning and managing virtualized IT infra-
`configuring, provisioning and managing virtualized IT infra-
`structure
`structure
`• Virtual Infrastructure Client (VI Client) – An interface that
`Virtual Infrastructure Client (VI Client) — An interface that
`allows administrators and users to connect remotely to the
`allows administrators and users to connect remotely to the
`VirtualCenter Management Server or individual ESX Server
`VirtualCenter Management Server or individual ESX Server
`installations from any Windows PC
`installations from any Windows PC
`
`• Virtual Infrastructure Web Access – A Web interface for virtual
`Virtual Infrastructure Web Access — A Web interface for virtual
`machine management and remote consoles access
`machine management and remote consoles access
`• VMware VMotion™ – Enables the live migration of running
`• VMwareVMotioni' — Enables the live migration of running
`virtual machines from one physical server to another with
`virtual machines from one physical server to another with
`zero downtime, continuous service availability and complete
`zero downtime, continuous service availability and complete
`transaction integrity
`transaction integrity
`• VMware High Availability (HA) – Provides easy-to-use, cost-
`• VMware High Availability (HA) — Provides easy-to-use, cost-
`effective high availability for applications running in virtual
`effective high availability for applications running in virtual
`machines. In the event of server failure, affected virtual
`machines. In the event of server failure, affected virtual
`machines are automatically restarted on other production
`machines are automatically restarted on other production
`servers that have spare capacity
`servers that have spare capacity
`• VMware Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) – Intelligently
`VMware Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) — Intelligently
`allocates and balances computing capacity dynamically
`allocates and balances computing capacity dynamically
`across collections of hardware resources for virtual machines
`across collections of hardware resources for virtual machines
`• VMware Consolidated Backup – Provides an easy to use,
`VMware Consolidated Backup — Provides an easy to use,
`centralized facility for agent-free backup of virtual machines. It
`centralized facility for agent-free backup of virtual machines. It
`simplifies backup administration and reduces the load on ESX
`simplifies backup administration and reduces the load on ESX
`Server installations
`Server installations
`• VMware Infrastructure SDK – Provides a standard interface
`VMware Infrastructure SDK — Provides a standard interface
`for VMware and third-party solutions to access VMware
`for VMware and third-party solutions to access VMware
`Infrastructure
`Infrastructure
`
`3 
`
`

`

`VMware white paper
`[ VMWARE WHITE PAPER
`
`The following sections describe the architecture of VMware
`The following sections describe the architecture ofVMware
`Infrastructure, beginning with the elements that make up
`Infrastructure, beginning with the elements that make up
`its physical topology, followed by the virtual, or logical, view
`its physical topology, followed by the virtual, or logical, view
`of VMware Infrastructure where the relationships between
`ofVMware Infrastructure where the relationships between
`the virtual architectural elements and the physical world
`the virtual architectural elements and the physical world
`are explored. Lastly, the architectures of two core VMware
`are explored. Lastly, the architectures of two core VMware
`Infrastructure components are discussed in further detail.
`Infrastructure components are discussed in further detail.
`
`Physical Topology of the VMware
`Physical Topology of the VMware
`Infrastructure Data Center
`Infrastructure Data Center
`With VMware Infrastructure, IT departments can build a
`With VMware Infrastructure, IT departments can build a
`virtual data center using their existing industry standard
`virtual data center using their existing industry standard
`technology and hardware . There is no need to purchase
`technology and hardware. There is no need to purchase
`specialized hardware. In addition, VMware Infrastructure allows
`specialized hardware. In addition, VMware Infrastructure allows
`users to create a virtual data center that is centrally managed
`users to create a virtual data center that is centrally managed
`by management servers and can be controlled through a wide
`by management servers and can be controlled through a wide
`selection of interfaces.
`selection of interfaces.
`Figure 1-2: VMware Infrastructure Data Center Physical Building Blocks
`Figure 1-2: VMware Infrastructure Data Center Physical Building Blocks
`
`VirtualCenter
`VirtualCenter
`Management
`Management
`Server
`Server
`
`VI
`VI
`Client
`Client
`
`Web
`Web
`Browser
`Browser
`
`Terminal
`Terminal
`
`Server
`Server
`Group 1
`Group 1
`
`Server
`Server
`Group 2
`Group 3
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`Server
`Server
`Group 3
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`Virtual Machines
`
`App
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`App
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`App
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`App
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`App
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`OS
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`OS
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`OS
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`OS
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`OS
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`ESX Server
`
`4
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`4
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`Fiber Channel Switch Fabric / IP Network
`Fiber Channel Switch Fabric / IP Network
`
`Storage Networks and Arrays
`Storage Networks and Arrays
`Fiber Channel SAN arrays, iSCSI SAN arrays and NAS arrays
`Fiber Channel SAN arrays, iSCSI SAN arrays and NAS arrays
`are widely-used storage technologies supported by VMware
`are widely-used storage technologies supported by VMware
`Infrastructure to meet different data center storage needs.
`Infrastructure to meet different data center storage needs.
`Sharing the storage arrays between (by connecting them to)
`Sharing the storage arrays between (by connecting them to)
`groups of servers via storage area networks allows aggregation
`groups of servers via storage area networks allows aggregation
`of the storage resources and provides more flexibility in provi-
`of the storage resources and provides more flexibility in provi-
`sioning them to virtual machines.
`sioning them to virtual machines.
`
`IP Networks
`IP Networks
`Each computing server can have multiple gigabit Ethernet
`Each computing server can have multiple gigabit Ethernet
`network interface cards (NICs) to provide high bandwidth and
`network interface cards (NICs) to provide high bandwidth and
`reliable networking to the entire data center.
`reliable networking to the entire data center.
`
`Management Server
`Management Server
`The VirtualCenter Management Server provides a convenient
`The VirtualCenter Management Server provides a convenient
`single point of control to the data center. It runs on Windows
`single point of control to the data center. It runs on Windows
`00 Server to provide many essential data center services such
`2003 Server to provide many essential data center services such
`as access control, performance monitoring and configuration.
`as access control, performance monitoring and configuration.
`It unifies the resources from the individual computing servers to
`It unifies the resources from the individual computing servers to
`be shared among virtual machines in the entire data center. As
`be shared among virtual machines in the entire data center. As
`shown in Figure 1-, VirtualCenter Management Server accom-
`shown in Figure 1-3, VirtualCenter Management Server accom-
`plishes this by managing the assignment of virtual machines to
`plishes this by managing the assignment of virtual machines to
`the computing servers. VirtualCenter Management Server also
`the computing servers. VirtualCenter Management Server also
`manages the assignment of resources to the virtual machines
`manages the assignment of resources to the virtual machines
`within a given computing server based on the policies set by
`within a given computing server based on the policies set by
`the system administrator.
`the system administrator.
`Figure 1-3: VirtualCenter Management Server centrally manages the assign-
`Figure 1-3: VirtualCenter Management Server centrally manages the assign-
`ment of virtual machines to physical servers
`ment of virtual machines to physical servers
`
`VirtualCenter Management Server
`VirtualCenter Management Server
`
`Manage
`Manage
`
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`
`Fiber Channel
`Fiber Channel
`Storage
`Storage
`Array
`Array
`
`iSCSI
`iSCSI
`Storage
`Storage
`Array
`Array
`
`(=IP
`
`NAS
`PAS
`Storage
`Storage
`Array
`Array
`
`Virtual Machines
`Virtual Machines
`
`App
`
`OS
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`App
`
`OS
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`App
`
`OS
`
`MINIM
`App
`
`OS
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`App
`
`OS
`
`Virtual Machines
`Virtual Machines
`
`Virtual Machines
`Virtual Machines
`
`
`
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`App
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`OS
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`App
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`OS
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`OS
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`OS
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`App
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`OS
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`App
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`OS
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`App
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`ESX Server
`ESX Serve
`
`ESX Server
`ESX Server
`
`ESX Server
`ESX Server
`
`Physical Servers
`Physical Servers
`
`As Figure 1- shows, a typical VMware Infrastructure data center
`As Figure 1-2 shows, a typical VMware Infrastructure data center
`consists of basic physical building blocks such as x86 comput-
`consists of basic physical building blocks such as x86 comput-
`ing servers, storage networks and arrays, IP networks, a manage-
`ing servers, storage networks and arrays, IP networks, a manage-
`ment server and desktop clients.
`ment server and desktop clients.
`
`Computing Servers
`Computing Servers
`The computing servers are industry standard x86 servers that
`The computing servers are industry standard x86 servers that
`run VMware ESX Server on the “bare metal.” Each computing
`run VMware ESX Server on the "bare metar Each computing
`server is referred to as a standalone Host in the virtual environ-
`server is referred to as a standalone Host in the virtual environ-
`ment. A number of similarly configured x86 servers can be
`ment. A number of similarly configured x86 servers can be
`grouped together with connections to the same network and
`grouped together with connections to the same network and
`storage subsystems to provide an aggregate set of resources in
`storage subsystems to provide an aggregate set of resources in
`the virtual environment, called a Cluster.
`the virtual environment, called a Cluster.
`
`4 4
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`

`

`Computing servers will continue to function even in the
`Computing servers will continue to function even in the
`unlikely event that VirtualCenter Management Server became
`unlikely event that VirtualCenter Management Server became
`unreachable (e.g., the network is severed). Computing servers
`unreachable (e.g., the network is severed). Computing servers
`can be managed separately and will continue to run their
`can be managed separately and will continue to run their
`assigned virtual machines based on the resource assignments
`assigned virtual machines based on the resource assignments
`that were last set. Once the VirtualCenter Management Server
`that were last set. Once the VirtualCenter Management Server
`becomes available, it can manage the data center as a whole
`becomes available, it can manage the data center as a whole
`again.
`again.
`The architecture of VirtualCenter Management Server will be
`The architecture of VirtualCenter Management Server will be
`described in detail in later sections.
`described in detail in later sections.
`
`Desktop Clients
`Desktop Clients
`VMware Infrastructure provides a selection of interfaces for
`VMware Infrastructure provides a selection of interfaces for
`data center management and virtual machine access. Users
`data center management and virtual machine access. Users
`can choose the interface that best meets their needs: Virtual
`can choose the interface that best meets their needs: Virtual
`Infrastructure Client (VI Client), Web Access through a Web
`Infrastructure Client (VI Client), Web Access through a Web
`browser, or terminal services (such as Windows Terminal
`browser, or terminal services (such as Windows Terminal
`Services or Xterm).
`Services or Xterm).
`
`Virtual Data Center architecture
`Virtual Data Center Architecture
`VMware Infrastructure virtualizes the entire IT infrastructure
`infrastructure
`VMware Infrastructure virtualizes the entire IT
`including servers, storage and networks. It aggregates these
`including servers, storage and networks. It aggregates these
`heterogeneous resources and presents a simple and uniform
`heterogeneous resources and presents a simple and uniform
`set of elements in the virtual environment. With VMware
`set of elements in the virtual environment. With VMware
`Infrastructure, IT resources can be managed like a shared
`Infrastructure, IT resources can be managed like a shared
`utility and dynamically provisioned to different business
`utility and dynamically provisioned to different business
`units and projects without worrying about the underlying
`units and projects without worrying about the underlying
`hardware differences and limitations .
`hardware differences and limitations.
`
`cluster1
`cluster1
`
`RP2
`RP2 •,
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`RP1
`RP1
`
`VM
`
`VM
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`datastores
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`host1
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`VM
`RP3
`RP3
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`VM
`VM
`
`VM
`VM
`
`network A
`net orkA
`
`network B
`network B
`
`Figure 1-4: Virtual Data Center Architecture
`Figure 1-4: Virtual Data Center Architecture
`
`As shown in Figure 1-4, VMware Infrastructure presents a simple
`As shown in Figure 1-4, VMware Infrastructure presents a simple
`set of virtual elements used to build a virtual data center:
`set of virtual elements used to build a virtual data center:
`• Computing and memory resources called Hosts, Clusters and
`• Computing and memory resources called Hosts, Clusters and
`Resource Pools
`Resource Pools
`• Storage resources called Datastores
`• Storage resources called Datastores
`• Networking resources called Networks
`• Networking resources called Networks
`
`VMware white paper
`VMWARE WHITE PAPER
`
`• Virtual machines
`• Virtual machines
`A Host is the virtual representation of the computing and
`A Host is the virtual representation of the computing and
`memory resources of a physical machine running ESX Server.
`memory resources of a physical machine running ESX Server.
`When one or more physical machines are grouped together
`When one or more physical machines are grouped together
`to work and be managed as a whole, the aggregate comput-
`to work and be managed as a whole, the aggregate comput-
`ing and memory resources form a Cluster. Machines can be
`ing and memory resources form a Cluster. Machines can be
`dynamically added or removed from a Cluster. Computing and
`dynamically added or removed from a Cluster. Computing and
`memory resources from Hosts and Clusters can be finely parti-
`memory resources from Hosts and Clusters can be finely parti-
`tioned into a hierarchy of Resource Pools.
`tioned into a hierarchy of Resource Pools.
`Datastores are virtual representations of combinations of
`Datastores are virtual representations of combinations of
`underlying physical storage resources in the data center. These
`underlying physical storage resources in the data center. These
`physical storage resources can come from the local SCSI disks of
`physical storage resources can come from the local SCSI disks of
`the server, the Fiber Channel SAN disk arrays, the iSCSI SAN disk
`the server, the Fiber Channel SAN disk arrays, the iSCSI SAN disk
`arrays, or Network Attached Storage (NAS) arrays.
`arrays, or Network Attached Storage (NAS) arrays.
`Networks in the virtual environment connect virtual machines
`Networks in the virtual environment connect virtual machines
`to each other or to the physical network outside of the virtual
`to each other or to the physical network outside of the virtual
`data center.
`data center.
`Virtual machines are designated to a particular Host, Cluster
`Virtual machines are designated to a particular Host, Cluster
`or Resource Pool and a Datastore when they are created. A
`or Resource Pool and a Datastore when they are created. A
`virtual machine consumes resources like a physical appliance
`virtual machine consumes resources like a physical appliance
`consumes electricity. While in powered-off, suspended, or
`consumes electricity. While in powered-off, suspended, or
`idle state, it consumes no resources. Once powered-on, it
`idle state, it consumes no resources. Once powered-on, it
`consumes resources dynamically, using more as the workload
`consumes resources dynamically, using more as the workload
`increases or give back resources dynamically as the workload
`increases or give back resources dynamically as the workload
`decreases.
`decreases.
`Provisioning of virtual machines is much faster and easier
`Provisioning of virtual machines is much faster and easier
`than physical machines . New virtual machines can be created
`than physical machines. New virtual machines can be created
`in seconds, no purchase order is required, no waiting, no
`in seconds, no purchase order is required, no waiting, no
`physical constraints to worry about. Once a virtual machine is
`physical constraints to worry about. Once a virtual machine is
`provisioned, the appropriate operating system and applications
`provisioned, the appropriate operating system and applications
`can be installed unaltered on the virtual machine to handle a
`can be installed unaltered on the virtual machine to handle a
`particular workload just as though they were being installed on
`particular workload just as though they were being installed on
`a physical machine. To make things easier, a virtual machine
`a physical machine. To make things easier, a virtual machine
`can even be provisioned with the operating system and appli-
`can even be provisioned with the operating system and appli-
`cations already installed and configured.
`cations already installed and configured.
`Resources are provisioned to virtual machines based on
`Resources are provisioned to virtual machines based on
`the policies set by the system administrator who owns
`the policies set by the system administrator who owns
`the resources . The policies can reserve a set of resources for
`the resources. The policies can reserve a set of resources for
`a particular virtual machine to guarantee its performance. The
`a particular virtual machine to guarantee its performance. The
`policies can also prioritize and set a variable portion of the total
`policies can also prioritize and set a variable portion of the total
`resources to each virtual machine. A virtual machine will be
`resources to each virtual machine. A virtual machine will be
`prevented from being powered-on (to consume resources) if
`prevented from being powered-on (to consume resources) if
`doing so would violate the resource allocation policies. For
`doing so would violate the resource allocation policies. For
`more information on resource management, please see the
`more information on resource management, please see the
`Resource Management Guide.
`Resource Management Guide.
`The following sections examine in detail the virtual elements of
`The following sections examine in detail the virtual elements of
`the data center.
`the data center.
`
`5 
`
`

`

`VMware white paper
`[ VMWARE WHITE PAPER
`
`Hosts, Clusters and resource Pools
`Hosts, Clusters and Resource Pools
`Hosts, Clusters and Resources Pools provide flexible and
`Hosts, Clusters and Resources Pools provide flexible and
`dynamic ways to organize the aggregated computing and
`dynamic ways to organize the aggregated computing and
`memory resources in the virtual environment and link them
`memory resources in the virtual environment and link them
`back to the underlying physical resources.
`back to the underlying physical resources.
`A Host represents the aggregate computing and memory
`A Host represents the aggregate computing and memory
`resources of a physical x86 server. For example, if the physical
`resources of a physical x86 server. For example, if the physical
`x86 server has four dual-core CPUs running at 4 GHz each and
`x86 server has four dual-core CPUs running at 4 GHz each and
` GB of system memory, then the Host will have  GHz of
`32 GB of system memory, then the Host will have 32 GHz of
`computing power and  GBs of memory available for running
`computing power and 32 GBs of memory available for running
`virtual machines that are assigned to it.
`virtual machines that are assigned to it.
`A Cluster represents the aggregate computing and memory
`A Cluster represents the aggregate computing and memory
`resources of a group of physical x86 servers sharing the same
`resources of a group of physical x86 servers sharing the same
`network and storage arrays. For example, if the group contains
`network and storage arrays. For example, if the group contains
`8 servers, each server has 4 dual-core CPUs running at 4 GHz
`8 servers, each server has 4 dual-core CPUs running at 4 GHz
`each and  GB of memory. The Cluster will then have 6 GHz
`each and 32 GB of memory. The Cluster will then have 256 GHz
`of computing power and 6 GB of memory available for the
`of computing power and 256 GB of memory available for the
`running virtual machines assigned to it.
`running virtual machines assigned to it.
`The virtual resource owners do not need to be concerned with
`The virtual resource owners do not need to be concerned with
`the physical composition (number servers, quantity and type
`the physical composition (number servers, quantity and type
`of CPUs—Multi-core, Hyperthreading, etc) of the underlying
`of CPUs—Multi-core, Hyperthreading, etc) of the underlying
`Cluster to provision resources. They simply set up the resource
`Cluster to provision resources. They simply set up the resource
`provisioning policies based on the aggregate available resource.
`provisioning policies based on the aggregate available resource.
`VMware Infrastructure will automatically assign the appropri-
`VMware Infrastructure will automatically assign the appropri-
`ate resources dynamically to the virtual machines within the
`ate resources dynamically to the virtual machines within the
`boundaries of those policies.
`boundaries of those policies.
`
`Figure 1-5: Hosts, Clusters and Resource Pools
`Figure 1-5: Hosts, Clusters and Resource Pools
`
`•
`
`---------
`Finance Department
`' Finance Department
`------
`Accounting
`Accounting
`
`x
`
`s s
`
`\
`
`VM
`0
`Other
`Other
`
`VM
`0
`Payroll
`Payroll
`
`0 0 0
`
`VM
`
`VM
`
`VM
`4 GHz
`4 GHz
`16 GB RAM
`16 GB RAM
`-----
`
`Figure 1- illustrates the concept of Resource Pools. Three x86
`Figure 1-5 illustrates the concept of Resource Pools. Three x86
`servers with 4 GHz computing power and 16 GB of memory
`servers with 4GHz computing power and 16 GB of memory
`each are aggregated to form a Cluster of 1 GHz computing
`each are aggregated to form a Cluster of 12 GHz computing
`power and 48 GHz of memory. A Resource Pool (“Finance
`power and 48 GHz of memory. A Resource Pool ("Finance
`Department”) reserves 8 GHz computing power and  GBs
`Department") reserves 8 GHz computing power and 32 GBs
`of from the Cluster, leaving 4 GHz computing power and 16
`of from the Cluster, leaving 4 GHz computing power and 16
`GBs of memory for the virtual machine “Others.” From the
`GBs of memory for the virtual machine "Others": From the
`“Finance Department” Resource Pool, a smaller Resource Pool
`"Finance Department" Resource Pool, a smaller Resource Pool
`(“Accounting”) reserves 4 GHz computing power and 16 GBs
`("Accounting") reserves 4 GHz computing power and 16 GBs
`for the virtual machines from the accounting department. That
`for the virtual machines from the accounting department. That
`leaves 4 GHz and 16 GBs of memory for the virtual machine
`leaves 4 GHz and 16 GBs of memory for the virtual machine
`called “Payroll”. Resources reserved can be dynamically
`called "Payroll". Resources reserved can be dynamically
`changed . Imagine that at year end, Accounting’s workload
`changed. Imagine that at year end, Accounting's workload
`increases, the user wants to increase the Resource Pool
`increases, the user wants to increase the Resource Pool
`“Accounting” from reserving 4 GHz of computing power to 6
`"Accounting" from reserving 4 GHz of computing power to 6
`GHz. We can simply make the change to the Resource Pool
`GHz. We can simply make the change to the Resource Pool
`dynamically without shutting down the associated virtual
`dynamically without shutting down the associated virtual
`machines . Resources reserved for a Resource Pool or virtual
`machines. Resources reserved for a Resource Pool or virtual
`machine are not taken away immediately. They dynamically
`machine are not taken away immediately. They dynamically
`respond to the demand. For example, if the 4 GHz of comput-
`respond to the demand. For example, if the 4 GHz of comput-
`ing resources reserved for the Accounting department are
`ing resources reserved for the Accounting department are
`not being used, virtual machine “Payroll” can make use of the
`not being used, virtual machine "Payroll" can make use of the
`remaining processing capacity during its peak time. When
`remaining processing capacity during its peak time. When
`Accounting again requires the processing capacity, “Payroll”
`Accounting again requires the processing capacity,"Payroll"
`will dynamically give them back. As a result, even though
`will dynamically give them back. As a re