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`A Brief History of the Internet
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`A Brief History of the Internet
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`The Internet started in the 1960s as a way for government researchers to share information. Computers in the '60s were large and
`immobile and in order to make use of information stored in any one computer, one had to either travel to the site of the computer
`or have magnetic computer tapes sent through the conventional postal system.
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`Another catalyst in the formation of the Internet was the heating up of the Cold War. The Soviet Union's launch of the Sputnik
`satellite spurred the U.S. Defense Department to consider ways information could still be disseminated even after a nuclear attack.
`This eventually led to the formation of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), the network that ultimately
`evolved into what we now know as the Internet. ARPANET was a great success but membership was limited to certain academic
`and research organizations who had contracts with the Defense Department. In response to this, other networks were created to
`provide information sharing.
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`January 1, 1983 is considered the official birthday of the Internet. Prior to this, the various computer networks did not have a
`standard way to communicate with each other. A new communications protocol was established called Transfer Control
`Protocol/Internetwork Protocol (TCP/IP). This allowed different kinds of computers on different networks to "talk" to each other.
`ARPANET and the Defense Data Network officially changed to the TCP/IP standard on January 1, 1983, hence the birth of the
`Internet. All networks could now be connected by a universal language.
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`The image above is a scale model of the UNIVAC I (the name stood for Universal Automatic Computer) which was delivered to the
`Census Bureau in 1951. It weighed some 16,000 pounds, used 5,000 vacuum tubes, and could perform about 1,000 calculations
`per second. It was the first American commercial computer, as well as the first computer designed for business use. (Business
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`8/7/24, 12:30 PM
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`A Brief History of the Internet
`computers like the UNIVAC processed data more slowly than the IAS-type machines, but were designed for fast input and output.)
`The first few sales were to government agencies, the A.C. Nielsen Company, and the Prudential Insurance Company. The first
`UNIVAC for business applications was installed at the General Electric Appliance Division, to do payroll, in 1954. By 1957
`Remington-Rand (which had purchased the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation in 1950) had sold forty-six machines.
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`1. Welcome to the Information
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`Genius Sports Ex. 1025
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