WILEY ELECTRICAL AND
`ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
`DICTIONARY
`
`“Ine
`
`mary
`
`ied by
`
`|
`
`Steven M. Kaplan
`Lexicographer
`
`IEEE
`
`IEEE PRESS
`
`CoeINTERSCIENCE
`
`A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
`
`Motorola v. Stellar
`
`Motorola Exhibit 1027
`Page 001
`
`

`

`Copyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons,Inc. All rights reserved.
`Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
`Published simultaneously in Canada.
`Nopart ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system ortransmitted in any form orby
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`Wiley also publishesits books in a variety ofelectronic formats. Somecontent that appears in print, however,
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`
`Libraryof Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Datais available,
`Kaplen, Steven M.
`Wiley Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dictionary
`ISBN 0-471-40224-9
`
`Printed in the United States ofAmerica.
`
`10987654321
`
`PREF
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`
`Motorola v. Stellar
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`Motorola Exhibit 1027
`Page 002
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`~~
`
`FIF
`
`FIFO
`
`283
`
`file gap
`
`field-
`to a
`scope similar
`vhich the sharply rounded
`as. This inducesfield ioni-
`chare directed towards the
`th greater resolving power,
`han 10 million can be at-
`1. Also called ion micro-
`
`“a field-ion micrascope to
`and properties of solid sur-
`‘eviation is FIM.
`atoms or molecules through
`ic field.
`
`(3). A field length may be
`2xpressed in bits or bytes.
`tromagnet which provides a
`agnetic device or machine,
`sctric generator. 2, A field
`
`iting how the intensity of a
`of direction and distance.
`iting or receiving effective-
`- measured in any plane, al-
`‘ertical planes are generally
`tern, or directivity pattern.
`time required to transmit one
`he field frequency.
`[n the
`wally 1/60.
`oadcasting, such as that for
`nunds and/or scenes outside 4
`led remote pickup.
`of a magnetic material, upon
`rounted.
`Its abbreviation is FPGA. A
`ng programmed at a factory.
`7PGAs may usually be pro-
`nd are used, for instance, for
`igns. Also called program-
`
`Its abbreviation is FPLA.
`y
`* being programmed at a fac-
`r, usually during installation.
`ned once. Also called pro-
`
`Id frequency.
`olor or generator, a theostat
`ent throughthefield coil.
`sord, a character whichserves
`fields.
`ntensity. 1. The strength ofa
`in electric, magnetic, or elec-
`se, the strength of an electne
`ectric field vector, and is usu
`ar.
`
`1. Aa
`4 field-intensity meter,
`Id strength. 2. An instrument
`igth of a radio transmitter. A
`ed radio receiver may be used
`
`th is performed under actual
`contrasts with a bench test,
`boratory setting.
`f field tests.
`l.
`e Format,
`
`FIFO Acronym forfirst-in, first-out, A method of handling
`data in which the first item stored is the first item to be re-
`trieved,
`In this manner, that which has been held the longest
`is that which is used first. Most printer queues use this
`scheme, This contrasts with LIFO, where the next item ta
`be used is that which mostrecently arrived.
`fifth-generation computer A computer utilizing very large-
`scale integration and ultra-large scale integration.
`This
`computer generation started approximately in the mid 1990s.
`fifth-generation language A computer programming lan-
`guage that has more advanced natural language processing
`than fourth-generation languages, and which makes use of
`expert systems, inference engines, and the like.
`Its abbrevia-
`tion is 5GL.
`fifth normal form In the normalization of a relational data-
`base, the fifth stage utilized to convert complex data struc-
`tures into simplerrelations. A database must first complete
`the fourth normal form before proceeding to the fifth.
`Its
`abbreviation is SNF,
`fifth-order filter A filter with ten components, such as five
`inductors and five capacitors, and which provides a 30 dB
`tolloff. Used, for instance, as a crossover network,
`figure of merit A performance characteristic or rating which
`determines the suitability of a component, circuit, or device
`for a given application. For instance, the noise figure for a
`circuit,
`the bit-error rate of a demodulator, or the gain-
`bandwidth product of an amplifier.
`filament 1. A threadlike fiber or structure, such as a thin wire.
`2. A cathode, within a thermionic tube, which is directly
`connected to a source of current. Such a cathode, usually in
`the form of a wire or ribbon, becomes heated as current
`passes through it, and emits electrons when sufficiently
`heated. Also called filament cathode, filamentary cath-
`ode, filament-type cathode, or directly-heated cathode.
`3. A filament (1), within an incandescent lamp, which emits
`light when heated. Such a filament is often made of tung-
`sten or carbon.
`filament battery A battery which supplies current to a fila-
`ment (2). Also knownas A battery.
`filament cathode Same as filament (2).
`filament circuit The circuit through which the filament cur-
`rent flows.
`filament current The current which is supplied to a filament
`(2).
`filament emission The emission of electrons by a heated
`filament (2).
`filament power supply The source powerofutilized to heat a
`filament (2). Also calied filament supply.
`filament saturation For a thermionic electron tube at a given
`anode voltage, the condition in which the anodic current can
`not be further increased with increases in cathode tempera-
`ture. This is due to a space charge near the cathode. Also
`called temperature saturation, or saturation (7),
`filament supply Same as filament power supply.
`filament transformer A transformer utilized to provide a
`filament current.
`filament-type cathode Sameasfilament (2).
`filament voltage The voltage applicd to a filament (2).
`filament winding Within a power transformer, the winding
`providing the source of powerutilized to heat a filament
`(2),
`filamentary cathode Same as filament (2).
`file A collection of information which is stored as a unit.
`Files may be retrieved, modified, stored, deleted, or trans-
`ferred. Each type offile requires the appropriate software
`for the proper handling of its contents. There are many file
`types, including data files, program files, system files, and
`multimedia files. Also called computerfile.
`
`In some operat-
`file allocation table Its abbreviation is FAT.
`ing systems, a table thatis utilized to locate files stored on a
`disk. Since data may be stored in non-contiguous areas of a
`disk, a FAT is needed to string together all the pieces of a
`file. A FAT also keeps track of available disk space, and
`notes bad sectors to avoid their use,
`file and record locking A technique employed to help main-
`tain data integrity in a multiuser environment. When a user
`accesses any file or record, all other users are blocked from
`doing so. Once the accessed file or record is updated,
`it
`again becomesfreely available.
`file association The linking of a given type of file to a specific
`application, usually by using a file extension, such as .xyz.
`It is utilized to alert an operating system to the need to start
`the necessary applicationfor the desired file.
`file attachment A file that is appended to an email. Such a
`file may be a document, an image, a video, a program, and
`so on. Certain types of attachments are encoded, thus re-
`quiring the recipient to have the appropriate email software
`to decode it. Also called email attachment, enclosure (3),
`or attachment,
`file attribute A characteristic of a file that imposes restric-
`tions on its availability or use. For instance, a file may be
`read-only, or hidden. Also called attribute (3).
`file compression The encoding of a file so that it occupies
`less space and/or bandwidth. There are many algorithms
`used for compression, and depending on the information be-
`ing encoded, space savings can range from under 10% to
`over 99%,
`file control block A block of computer memory that contains
`information used for purposes of controlling a file. For ex-
`ample, it may hold its location on a disk.
`Its abbreviationis
`FCB.
`file conversion The process of changing a computer file from
`one form to another. For instance, to convert a file from a
`given word processor format to ASCII.
`file directory A special kind of file which is used for indexing,
`and organizing other files,
`It provides information such as
`the name, type, and size for each listed file. File directories
`that branch into other directories are called root directories,
`while those located within a root directory are called subdi-
`rectories.
`In GUIs, the term folder is preferred. Also called
`directory.
`file download To receive one or more files from a remote
`computer in a network. This contrasts with a file upload,
`wherefiles are sent to a remote computer in a network.
`file exporting The conversion ofa file or data in one format,
`into another format required for use by another application
`or environment, using the appropriate filters.
`In file impart-
`ing the conversion occurs after files or data are accepted,
`while in file exporting the conversion occurs before said
`files or data are moved orsaved,
`file extension Sameas filenameextension.
`file folder A special kind of file which is used for indexing
`and organizing other files.
`It provides information such as
`the name, type, and size for eachlisted file. Fite folders that
`contain other folders are called root folders, while those lo-
`cated within a root folder are called subfolders.
`In non-
`graphical user interfaces,
`the term file directory is used
`Also called folder.
`file format The coding ofa file which defines what contentit
`has, how it is organized, howit is to be encoded, displayed,
`and so on. There are many such formats, including those
`associated with word-processing applications, graphics, and
`databases,
`file fragmentation Same as fragmentation (1).
`file gap On a storage medium, such as a magnetic tape or disk
`drive, an unused physical space betweenfiles.
`
`Motorola v. Stellar
`
`Motorola Exhibit 1027
`Page 003
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`

`file handle
`
`284
`
`fill
`
`filled band
`
`or color, or to place numbers.
`In a communications network, a server which
`file server
`file handle A temporary designation an operating system
`sheetcell.
`assigns to an openedfile during any given session.
`manages files and serves as a remote storage location for a
`filled band 1. A band which
`workstation. For example, a file server helps insure that
`file header An information unit found at the beginning of a
`energy band which is occupi
`multiple requests for files are handled in an orderly manner.
`file, such as that stored on a tape or disk, which serves to
`orbital has its maximumof tw
`identify it and describe the contained information.
`file sharing The accessing of files by multiple users in a net-
`filler That which servesto fill
`work. This may or not occur simultaneously. Thefiles are
`file identification A code, name,
`label, or the such which
`film A thin, or very thin laye
`available from a central computer, such as a file server,
`serves to identify a file. Also, The assigning of such an
`thinner than one femtomete
`identification.
`which takes care of tasks such as file locking.
`films, anode films, epitaxial f
`file sharing protocol
`A communications protocol which
`file importing The conversion ofa file or data in one format,
`governs the sharing offiles over a network.
`film capacitor A capacitor ir
`into another format required for use by the receiving appli-
`usually aluminum, are alter:
`cation or environment, using the appropriate filters.
`In file
`file size The length of a file, usually expressed in bytes or a
`usually a plastic,
`to form a
`importing the conversion occurs after files or data are ac-
`multiple of bytes such as megabytes.
`suited, for instance, for use
`cepted, while in file exporting the conversion occurs before
`file spec Same as full path. Abbreviation offile specifica-
`said files or data are moved or saved.
`frequencies. When the diel
`tion.
`plastic-film capacitor
`file label A record appearing at the beginning ofa file, con-
`file specification Same as full path.
`film chain A device which ist
`taining information such as its name, size, type, and so on.
`file system Within a operating system, the manner in which
`slides or that of motion pictu
`Also called header tabel,
`files are named, renamed, organized, copied,
`transferred,
`film or slide projector, a a
`stored, and retrieved.
`file layout The manner in which the content of a file is dis-
`Used, for instance,
`to telev
`Also called telecine.
`tributed.
`It consists of the arrangementofthe recordsit con-
`file transfer The movement, without alteration, of a file from
`tains. Also, a description of such a layout.
`film IC Abbreviation of film i
`onelocation to another. This may be, for instance, from one
`computer to another within a network, or between file direc-
`file locking 1. A technique employed to help maintain data
`elementsare films formed up
`tories.
`integrity in a multiuser environment. When a user accesses
`film integrated circuit Same <
`anyfile, all other users are blocked from doing so. Once the
`File Transfer, Access, and Management A communications
`film recorder
`1. A device v
`accessed file is updated, it again becomes freely available.
`protocol intended to facilitate the access, management, and
`computerfile or displayed o
`2. The enabling of a security feature, such as a password,to
`transfer of files between different computer environments,
`block accesstoafile.
`on photographic film, such a
`Its abbreviation is FTAM.
`put is an electronic signal, ar
`film.
`film resistor A resistor who
`carbon, is a thin layer depo:
`such as ceramic. Used, for
`tions.
`FILO Acronymfor first-in, 1
`data in which the first item
`trieved. This is the same as!
`filter
`1, That which serves to
`energy to pass, remain, be t
`electric circuit or device wl
`jects signals in one or mor
`transmitted intervals are cal
`intervals are called stopban
`active components, such as 1
`not, it is passive. A capaci!
`passive filter, because it ble
`fied as falling within one oa
`low-pass, high-pass, bandp
`many examples of filters,
`worth, and loopfilters. Als:
`trical-wave filter.
`3. A ¢
`sounds of certain frequenc
`fected. Also called acousti
`element or device, suchas <
`which selectively blocks or
`frequencies of electromagnt
`optical properties of the ele
`frequencies pass, and whicl
`called optical filter, or re
`puters, a program,
`functio
`data from one format to an:
`may convert a document fri
`essing application to that of
`gram, function, or process *
`rates data or items. For exa
`filter attenuation The loss
`passing through a filter, as
`pressed in decibels,
`filter attenuation band Sam
`filter bank A set of filters 1
`instance, to increase freque
`tiple bands.
`
`1. The updating of master files, based on
`file maintenance
`changes in the data contained in transaction files. 2. Any
`activity which helps maintain files current and/or optimally
`accessible. Such activities include the addition, modifica-
`tion, or deletion of contained information, copying or ar-
`chiving files, or the defragmentation of a disk.
`file management system A program,or a part of a program,
`which performs functions such as the organization, copying,
`renaming, transferring, viewing, and retrieving offiles. An
`operating system incorporates a file management system,
`but there are also specialized programs which provide more
`flexibility and ease of use. Also called file manager.
`file manager Sameasfile managementsystem.
`file name Same as filename.
`
`file processing The use ofa file. This includes, saving, updat-
`ing, and manipulating information within it.
`file protection 1. Measures taken to prevent the accidental
`erasure of files, or parts of files. Such protection may be
`logical or physical. Logical protection, for instance, may
`involve designating a file as read-only, while physical pro-
`tection might entail the moving ofa tab. 2. Same asfile se-
`curity.
`file recovery Procedures utilized to restore files, or parts of
`files, which have been lost due to accidental erasure, soft-
`ware and/or hardware failure, misplacement, and so on. Al-
`though there are utility programsthat can help in this capac-
`ity, the best restoration methodis to access a backup copy.
`file recovery program Sameas file recovery software.
`file recovery software A program orutility employed forfile
`recovery. Also called file recoveryutility, or file recovery
`program.
`file recovery utility Sameas file recovery software.
`file retrieval The accessing ofa file, or a part ofa file, froma
`storage location.
`file search 1. To look for specific content within a file. 2. To
`look for a specific file within a file server, database, direc-
`tory, and so on,
`file security The safeguarding offiles against loss, damage,
`unwanted modification, or unauthorized access, Such safe-
`guards may be administrative, physical, or technical. Also
`called file protection (2),
`
`file transfer program A program designed to simply,
`quickly, and safely transferfiles between computers, such as
`those linked via a parallel or USB cable.
`Its abbreviation is
`FTP.
`
`file transfer protocol A protocol utilized for transferring files
`over a TCP/IP network, such as the Internet.
`In incorporates
`functions such as conversions between character codes, and
`accepts commands, such as directory listing.
`Its abbrevia-
`tion is FTP.
`file type The kind of information contained in a file, and the
`format in whichit is stored. For instance, an operating sys-
`tem will use this information to select the appropriate appli-
`cation to open when a givenfile is selected. Thefile typeis
`usually indicated by a filename extension.
`file upload To send one or morefiles to a remote computer in
`a network. This contrasts with a file download, wherefiles
`are received from a remote computer in a network.
`file viewer A separate application which is called upon to
`interpret and view files,
`including those with multimedia
`content, which could otherwise not be seen by the current
`application. For instance, a Web browserplug-in utilized to
`display a video file that
`is in a format not currently sup-
`ported.
`FileMaker A popular database program.
`filename One or more alphanumeric characters utilized to
`designate a file. Each operating systemhas restrictions on
`filenames, such as length, or the inability to use certain
`characters and/or symbols. Many operating systems support
`extensions at the end of a filename, which indicate the file
`type. Also spelled file name.
`filename extension A set of characters appearing at the end of
`a filename, indicating the file type. For example,in the file-
`name notepen.exe, the .exe portion is the extension, and in
`this case specifies an executable program. Also called file
`extension, or extension (2).
`filespee Abbreviation of file specification.
`path.
`fill 1. That which serves to occupy a space or enclosure. For
`example, the fill of a gas tube, or the fill between spaces in
`hard-solder. Also to add such a substance to a spaceor en-
`closure. 2. To occupy a virtual space. Forinstance,thefill-
`ing of a polygon on a computerscreen with a given pattern
`
`Same as full
`
`
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`Motorola v. Stellar
`
`Motorola Exhibit 1027
`Page 004
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