United States Patent (19)
`Guskey et al.
`
`54) DEODORANT COMPOSITIONS
`CONTAINING CYCLODEXTRIN ODOR
`CONTROLLINGAGENTS
`
`75 Inventors: Gerald John Guskey, Montgomery;
`Dennis Ray Bacon, Milford; Prem
`Sagar Juneja, Cincinnati; Curtis
`Bobby Motley, West Chester; George
`Peter Rizzi, Cincinnati, all of Ohio
`
`73 Assignee: The Procter & Gamble Company,
`Cincinnati, Ohi
`InCInnall, UniO
`
`21 Appl. No.: 09/332,215
`22 Filed:
`Jun. 14, 1999
`
`51 Int. Cl." ............................ A61K 7/32; A61 K 7/00;
`A61K31/74; A61L 9/00
`52 U.S. Cl. ................................... 424/65; 422/5; 424/67;
`424/78.03; 424/400; 424/401; 424/405
`58 Field of Search .................................. 424/65, 67, 69,
`424/76.1, 76.2, 76.21, 76.4, 76.8, 78.03,
`405, 642, 715, 717, 400, 401; 422/5
`
`56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`4,803,195 2/1989 Holzner ....................................... 512/4
`5,135,747 8/1992 Faryniarz et al. ...
`424/401
`5,176,903
`1/1993 Goldberg et al. ........
`... 424/66
`5,635,166 6/1997 Galleguillos et al. ...
`... 424/66
`5,672,340 9/1997 Sun et al..................
`... 424/66
`5,861,144
`1/1999 Peterson et al. .......................... 424/65
`
`
`
`USOO6123932A
`Patent Number:
`11
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`6,123,932
`Sep. 26, 2000
`
`5,871,718 2/1999 Lucas et al. .............................. 424/65
`5,874,070 2/1999 Trinh et al. .....
`... 424/65
`5,897.854 4/1999 Lucas et al. ...
`... 424/65
`5,942,214 8/1999 Lucas et al. .............................. 424/65
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`53-41440 4/1978 Japan.
`3-284616 12/1991 Japan.
`9-315937 12/1997 Japan.
`10-120541
`5/1998 Japan.
`WO 98/18439 5/1998 WIPO.
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`“Cyclodextrins in Foods, Cosmetics, and Toiletries.” Hitoshi
`Hashimoto, 1996; (pp. 483–502).
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Primary Examiner Shelley A. Dodson
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Joan B. Tucker; William J.
`Winter
`57
`17
`Disclosed are acqueous and anhydrous deodorant composi
`tions which comprise from about 0.1% to about 89.9% by
`weight of a cyclodextrin odor controlling agent, from about
`0.1% to about 30% by weight of a solid non-polymeric
`gellant and from about 10% to about 90% by weight of an
`aqueous or anhydrous liquid carrier. Also disclosed are
`methods of using and making the compositions. The dis
`closed compositions are especially effective at preventing or
`eliminating malodorS resulting from perspiration.
`
`21 Claims, No Drawings
`
`Petitioner Dr. Squatch
` Ex. 1047
`
`

`

`6,123,932
`
`1
`DEODORANT COMPOSITIONS
`CONTAINING CYCLODEXTRN (ODOR
`CONTROLLING AGENTS
`
`FIELD OF INVENTION
`The present invention relates to aqueous and anhydrous
`deodorant compositions which are effective at preventing or
`eliminating malodors resulting from perspiration. In
`particular, the present invention relates to acqueous and
`anhydrous deodorant compositions which contain cyclodex
`trins that are especially effective at controlling malodors
`asSociated with human perspiration.
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`Deodorant compositions are well known for use in con
`trolling malodors associated with human perspiration. These
`malodorS develop from human perspiration primarily as the
`result of microbial interaction with Sweat gland Secretions
`which then produces pungent fatty acids. Deodorant com
`positions typically contain deodorant actives Such as anti
`microbial agents to help control the microbial development
`of Such malodors, and/or they can contain deodorizing
`fragrances that help to mask the Sensory perception of the
`malodors.
`Most deodorant compositions which contain antimicro
`bial agents and/or fragrances to control or mask malodors
`resulting from perspiration are typically formulated as
`deodorant StickS which also contain a gellant or other
`Structurant, and a polar alcohol Solvent to help Solubilize the
`gellant or other Structurant. These deodorant formulations
`are typically applied topically to the underarm or other area
`of the skin, and in addition to being effective at controlling
`or masking perspiration malodors these deodorant StickS can
`provide acceptable aesthetics Such as clarity, ease of
`application, cool and refreshing feel on application, lack of
`powdery residue, and dry feel. Although these deodorant
`Sticks are quite poplar and commonly used to control or
`mask malodors associated with human perspiration, many of
`these alcohol-containing deodorant Sticks are also harsh to
`the skin and can cause excessive skin irritation after topical
`application.
`Other attempts at controlling malodorS resulting from
`perspiration include the use of odor absorberS Such as
`activated charcoal and Zeolites. Deodorant compositions
`which contain these perspiration malodor absorbing agents
`are typically formulated as acqueous lotions, aqueous roll
`ons, and aqueous Soft deodorant gels which comprise the
`odor absorber, and an aqueous liquid carrier. These activated
`charcoal and Zeolite odor absorbing agents, however, can be
`ineffective when wet and are known to be inefficient at
`absorbing odors when they are included in aqueous Systems,
`especially when the aqueous compositions are applied to the
`skin and the activated charcoal or Zeolite comes in contact
`with human body fluids such as Sweat.
`Another attempt at controlling malodorS resulting from
`perspiration include the use of cyclodextrin odor controlling
`agents. The use of cyclodextrins to absorb odors including
`body odorS Such as perspiration malodors, is well known.
`Deodorant compositions which contain cyclodextrin perSpi
`ration malodor controlling agents are also typically formu
`lated as aqueous lotions, aqueous roll-ons, and aqueous Soft
`deodorant gels. The aqueous Soft deodorant gels are also
`referred to as deodorant creams. A typical example of Such
`a cream deodorant formulation includes an alcohol
`containing cream which comprise the cyclodextrin, an inor
`ganic or polymeric gellant or thickening agent, and a polar
`
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`alcohol Solvent to help Solubilize the gellant or thickening
`agent. These cyclodextrin-containing deodorant creams tend
`to be mild to the skin, and can be effective at preventing or
`eliminating perspiration malodors. Many consumers,
`however, Still prefer the convenience of using a Solid
`deodorant Stick that is mild to the Skin, and that is extremely
`effective at controlling perspiration malodors.
`It has now been found that aqueous Solid deodorant StickS
`can be formulated to contain cyclodextrin odor controlling
`agents which are extremely Safe and mild to the skin, and
`which provide exceptional perspiration malodor controlling
`benefits. These new aqueous Solid deodorant Stick compo
`Sitions comprise cyclodextrin that is highly effective in
`absorbing perspiration malodors, and that provides for
`improved perspiration malodor control without resulting in
`skin irritation after the compositions have been topically
`applied to the skin.
`It has also been found that anhydrous deodorant compo
`Sitions which are useful for preventing or eliminating mal
`odors associated with perspiration can also be formulated to
`contain cyclodextrin odor controlling agents which are
`extremely Safe and mild to the Skin. Like the new aqueous
`Solid deodorant StickS described above, these anhydrous
`deodorants provide for improved perspiration malodor con
`trol while also being non-irritating to the Skin. These anhy
`drous deodorants, however, can be formulated as Soft
`deodorant gels or Sticks and preferably comprise non
`polymeric gelling agents.
`It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide
`an aqueous Solid deodorant Stick composition which pro
`vides improved perspiration malodor control, and which is
`extremely Safe and mild to the skin. It is also an object of the
`present invention to provide an aqueous Solid deodorant
`Stick composition which contain cyclodextrin odor control
`ling agents to provide highly effective perspiration malodor
`absorbing benefits. It is yet another object of the present
`invention to provide anhydrous Soft deodorant gel or Stick
`compositions which are mild and non-irritating to the skin,
`and which contain cyclodextrin odor controlling agents
`which provide improved perspiration malodor controlling
`benefits.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`The present invention is directed to aqueous deodorant
`compositions which comprise (a) from about 0.1% to about
`89.9% by weight of a cyclodextrin; (b) from about 0.1% to
`about 30% by weight of a solid non-polymeric gellant that
`is Substantially free of inorganic gelling agents, and (c) from
`about 10% to about 75% by weight of water; wherein the
`composition has a product hardness of less than about 200
`pens.
`The present invention is also directed to anhydrous
`deodorant compositions which comprise (a) from about
`0.1% to about 89.9% by weight of a cyclodextrin; (b) from
`about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of a solid non-polymeric
`gellant; and (c) from about 10% to about 90% by weight of
`a non-aqueous liquid carrier.
`It has been found that aqueous and anhydrous deodorant
`compositions, particularly aqueous deodorant StickS and
`anhydrous Soft deodorant gels or Sticks, can be formulated
`with cyclodextrin malodor controlling agents to provide
`improved malodor control that results from perspiration.
`These compositions are extremely mild to the skin, and
`causes little or no skin irritation while also being especially
`effective at preventing or eliminating perspiration malodors.
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`The deodorant compositions of the present invention
`include acqueous and anhydrous deodorant formulations
`
`

`

`6,123,932
`
`3
`which are intended for topical application to the underarm or
`other Suitable areas of the skin. These deodorant formula
`tions comprise cyclodextrin which provides malodor con
`trolling benefits, especially perspiration malodor controlling
`benefits.
`The term “anhydrous” as used herein means that the
`deodorant composition of the present invention, and the
`essential or optional components thereof, are Substantially
`free of added or free water. From a formulation Standpoint,
`this means that the deodorant compositions of the present
`invention contain less than about 2%, preferably less than
`about 1%, more preferably less than about 0.5%, most
`preferably Zero percent, by weight of free or added water.
`The term "ambient conditions' as used herein refers to
`Surrounding conditions at about one atmosphere of pressure,
`at about 50% relative humidity, at about 25 C.
`The term “cyclodextrin” (CD) as used herein includes any
`of the known cyclodextrins Such as unsubstituted cyclodex
`trins containing from Six to twelve glucose units, especially
`alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrin,
`delta-cyclodextrin, epsilon-cyclodextrin, Zeta-cyclodextrin,
`nu-cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof, and/or their
`derivatives, and/or mixtures thereof.
`The term “volatile” as used herein refers to those mate
`rials which have a measurable vapor pressure as measured at
`25 C. Such vapor pressures will typically range from 0.01
`mmHg to about 6 mmHg, more typically from about 0.02
`mmHg to about 1.5 mmHg, and have an average boiling
`point at about 1 atm which is typically less than about 250
`C., more typically less than about 235 C., at 1 atmosphere
`(atm) of pressure. Conversely, the term “non-volatile” refers
`to those materials which do not have a measurable vapor
`preSSure or which have a vapor pressure of less than 0.01
`mmHg as measured at 25 C., at 1 atm of pressure.
`The solubility parameters for various solvents or other
`materials described herein are determined by methods well
`known in the chemical arts. A description of Solubility
`parameters and means for determining them are described
`by C. D. Vaughan, “Solubility: Effects in Product, Package,
`Penetration and Preservation' 103 Cosmetics and Toiletries
`47–69, October 1988; and C. D. Vaughan, “Using Solubility
`Parameters in Cosmetics Formulation', 36, J. Soc. Cosmetic
`Chemists 319-333, September/October, 1985; which
`descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
`The deodorant compositions of the present invention can
`comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the essential
`elements and limitations of the present invention described
`herein, as well as any of the additional or optional
`ingredients, components, or limitations described herein.
`All percentages, parts and ratios are by weight of the total
`composition, unless otherwise Specified. All Such weights as
`they pertain to listed ingredients are based on the Specific
`ingredient level and, therefore, do not include Solvents,
`carriers, by-products, filler or other minor ingredients that
`may be included in commercially available materials, unless
`otherwise Specified.
`
`Cyclodextrins
`The deodorant compositions of the present invention
`comprise cyclodextrin malodor controlling agents. The
`cyclodextrin can be used individually or as a mixture of
`cyclodextrins, provided that the cyclodextrin is capable of
`preventing or eliminating malodors associated with perSpi
`ration.
`The cyclodextrins for use in the deodorant compositions
`of the present invention include those cyclic polysaccharide
`
`4
`compounds containing from 6 to 12 glucose units. The
`Specific coupling and conformation of the glucose units
`enable the cyclodextrin to form a rigid, conical molecular
`Structure that has a hollow interior or cavity.
`The cyclodextrins suitable for use herein are preferably
`included in the deodorant compositions of the present inven
`tion as an uncomplexed cyclodextrin. The term “uncom
`plexed cyclodextrin” as used herein means that the cavities
`within the cyclodextrin are essentially unfilled while the
`cyclodextrin is added into the liquid carrier component of
`the compositions of the present invention.
`AS will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the preferred
`uncomplexed cyclodextrin can form inclusion complexes
`with the other essential and/or optional components
`described herein. Therefore, it is preferred that at least an
`effective amount of the cyclodextrin be included in the
`deodorant compositions herein as an uncomplexed
`cyclodextrin, and should remain as an uncomplexed cyclo
`dextrin until the compositions have been applied to the skin.
`In this context, the term “effective amount’ means an
`amount of the cyclodextrin that is in its uncomplexed form
`when the cyclodextrin is added into the liquid carrier com
`ponent described herein, and that remains uncomplexed
`until the cyclodextrin comes in contact with human body
`fluid Such a Sweat after the compositions have been topically
`applied to the skin.
`The concentration of the cyclodextrin may vary with each
`Selected deodorant formulation. Generally, the deodorant
`compositions of the present invention comprise the cyclo
`dextrin at concentrations ranging from about 0.1% to about
`89.9%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 50%, more
`preferably from about 0.1% to about 20%, most preferably
`from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the composi
`tion.
`Cyclodextrins for use herein include any of the known
`cyclodextrins Such as unsubstituted cyclodextrins containing
`from 6 to 12 glucose units. Specific nonlimiting examples of
`Such cyclodextrins include alpha-cyclodextrin, beta
`cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrin, delta-cyclodextrin,
`epsilon-cyclodextrin, Zeta-cyclodextrin, nu-cyclodextrin,
`and mixtures thereof, and/or their derivatives, and/or mix
`tures thereof.
`Suitable cyclodextrin derivatives include those cyclodex
`trin compounds of different degrees of Substitution, Specific
`examples of which include methyl-alpha-cyclodextrin,
`methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl-beta-cyclodextrin,
`hydroxypropyl-alpha-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-beta
`cyclodextrin, cyclodextrin glycerol ethers, maltose-bonded
`cyclodextrins, cationic cyclodextrins, quaternary ammo
`nium cyclodextrins, anionic cyclodextrins Such as car
`boxymethyl cyclodextrins, cyclodextrin sulfobutylethers,
`cyclodextrin Sulfates, cyclodextrin Succinylates, amphoteric
`cyclodextrins Such as carboxymethyl/quaternary ammonium
`cyclodextrins, mono-3-6-anhydrocyclodextrins, and combi
`nations thereof. Other examples of Suitable cyclodextrin
`derivatives are disclosed in “Optimal Performances with
`Minimal Chemical Modification of Cyclodextrins”, F.
`Diedaini-Pilard and B. Perly, The 7th International Cyclo
`dextrin Symposium Abstracts, April 1994, p. 49; U.S. Pat.
`No. 3,426,011, issued to Parmerter et al. on Feb. 4, 1969;
`U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,453,257, 3,453,258,3,453,259, and 3,453,
`260, all issued to Parmerter et al. On Jul. 1, 1969; U.S. Pat.
`No. 3,459,731, issued to Gramera et al. on Aug. 5, 1969;
`U.S. Pat. No. 3,553,191, issued to Parmerter et al. On Jan. 5,
`1971; U.S. Pat. No. 3,565,887, issued to Parmerter et al. on
`Feb. 23, 1971; U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,152, issued to SZeitli et
`
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`S
`al. on Aug. 13, 1985; U.S. Pat. No. 4,616,008, issued to Hirai
`et al. On Oct. 7, 1986; U.S. Pat. No. 4,638,058, issued to
`Brandt et al. on Jan. 20, 1987; U.S. Pat. No. 4,746,734,
`issued to Tsuchiyama et al. on May 24, 1988; and U.S. Pat.
`No. 4,678,598, issued to Ogino et al. on Jul. 7, 1987; all of
`which disclosures are incorporated by reference herein.
`Other suitable cyclodextrin materials for use herein
`include those individual cyclodextrins linked together, e.g.,
`using multifunctional agents, to form oligomers, or other
`polymers. Nonlimiting examples of Such materials include
`cyclodextrin polymers that are formed by crosslinking a
`cyclodextrin monomer with an aromatic, aliphatic, or
`cycloaliphatic polyfunctional crosslinking agent. Suitable
`cyclodextrin monomer materials include, but are not limited
`to, alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, gamma
`15
`cyclodextrin, delta-cyclodextrin, epsilon-cyclodextrin, Zeta
`cyclode Xtrin, nu-cyclodextrin, Substituted alpha
`cyclodextrin, Substituted beta-cyclodextrin, and Substituted
`gamma-cyclodextrin. Branched cyclodextrin monomer
`materials are also Suitable for use herein. Specific examples
`of Suitable polyfunctional crosslinking agents include, but
`are not limited to, diisocyanates, polyisocyanates,
`dihalohydrocarbons, and dihaloacetylhydrocarbons. Other
`Suitable polyfunctional crosslinking agents can include
`asymmetric crosslinking agents containing different linking
`functionalities Such as isocyanate, halo, or haloacetyl, an
`example of which include 4-isocyanatobenzoyl chloride.
`Specific examples of cyclodextrin polymers that are Suitable
`for use herein include, but are not limited to, beta
`cyclodextrin crosslinked by epichlorohydrin and ethyleneg
`lycolbis (epoxypropyl ether); and alpha-, beta-, or gamma
`cyclode Xtrin crosslinked by a polyisocyanate or
`dihalohydrocarbon polyfunctional crosslinking agent. Other
`polymeric forms are also Suitable for use herein, Such as
`carboxylic acid containing polymer-cyclodextrin conjugates
`which may be prepared by conjugating a Suitable carboxylic
`acid containing polymer to a cyclodextrin monomer using
`any method well known in the art for preparing cyclodextrin
`polymers.
`Preferred cyclodextrins suitable for use as a malodor
`controlling agent in the deodorant compositions of the
`present invention include alpha-cyclodextrin, beta
`cyclodextrin, methyl-alpha-cyclodextrin, methyl-beta
`cyclode Xtrin, hydroxypropyl-alpha-cyclode Xtrin,
`hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Beta-cyclodextrin,
`methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and hydroxypropyl-beta
`cyclodextrin are most preferred.
`Alpha-cyclode Xtrin, beta-cyclode Xtrin, gamma
`cyclodextrin and/or their derivatives can be obtained from,
`among others, Cerestar USA, Inc., located in Hammond,
`50
`Ind., Wacker Chemicals (USA), Inc., located in New
`Canaan, Conn., Aldrich Chemical Company located in
`Milwaukee, Wis.; and Chinoin Pharmaceutical Works
`located in Budapest, Hungary.
`It is also preferable to use a mixture of cyclodextrins.
`Such mixtures absorb perspiration malodors more broadly
`by complexing with Odoriferous molecules that can vary
`widely in size. Mixtures of cyclodextrin can conveniently be
`obtained by using intermediate products from known pro
`ceSSes for the preparation of cyclodextrins, examples of
`which include those processes described in U.S. Pat. No.
`3,425,910 issued to Armbruster et al. on Nov. 29, 1983; and
`U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,923, issued to Ammeraal on Apr. 19,
`1988; both descriptions of which are incorporated by refer
`ence herein. Preferably, at least a major portion of the
`cyclodextrin mixtures is alpha-cyclodextrin, beta
`cyclodextrin, and/or gamma-cyclodextrin, more preferably
`
`6
`beta-cyclodextrin. Some commercial examples of cyclodex
`trin mixtures are available from EnSuiko Sugar Refining
`Company located in Yokohama, Japan.
`When the deodorant compositions of the present inven
`tion are formulated as an aqueous composition, the compo
`sition is preferably substantially free of hydroxyalkylated
`cyclodextrins Such as hydroxyethyl-beta-cyclodextrin,
`hydroxypropyl-alpha-cyclodextrin, and hydroxypropyl
`beta-cyclodextrin. In this context, the term “substantially
`free” means that the aqueous deodorant composition pref
`erably contain less than an effective amount of Such
`hydroxyalkylated cyclodextrins that when used alone would
`provide any malodor controlling benefits resulting from
`perspiration. Generally, the aqueous deodorant compositions
`of the present invention preferably contain less than 5%,
`more preferably less than 2%, even more preferably less
`than 1%, most preferably Zero percent, of Such hydroxy
`alkylated cyclodextrins by weight of the aqueous composi
`tion.
`
`Gellant
`The deodorant compositions of the present invention
`comprise a non-polymeric gellant Suitable for providing the
`desired hardneSS and application characteristics to the com
`positions. The gellant concentrations typically range from
`about 0.1% to about 30%, preferably from about 0.1% to
`about 25%, more preferably from about 1% to about 20%,
`even more preferably from about 5% to about 20%, by
`weight of the deodorant compositions.
`The aqueous deodorant compositions of the present
`invention comprise a Solid non-polymeric gellant, other than
`inorganic gelling agents, that can melt and form a Solution
`or other homogenous liquid or liquid dispersion with the
`liquid carrier as defined herein at a processing temperature
`of from about 50° C. to about 150° C., preferably from about
`50° C. to about 120° C., more preferably from about 60° C.
`to about I 00C. Preferably, the aqueous deodorant compo
`Sitions are Substantially free of inorganic gelling agents. In
`this context, the term “substantially free” means that the
`aqueous deodorant compositions contain less than an effec
`tive amount of Such gelling agents that when used alone
`would provide any thickening or measurable Viscosity
`increase to the aqueous composition under ambient condi
`tions. Generally, the aqueous deodorant compositions pref
`erably contain less than 5%, more preferably less than 2%,
`even more preferably less than 1%, most preferably zero
`percent, of Such inorganic gelling agents by weight of the
`aqueous composition. Examples of inorganic gelling agents
`to which the above-described negative limitations pertain
`include finely divided or colloidal Silicas, fumed Silicas, and
`Silicates, which includes montmorillonite clays and hydro
`phobically treated montmorillonites, e.g., bentonites, hec
`torites and colloidal magnesium Silicates.
`Suitable gellants for use in the aqueous deodorant com
`positions of the present invention include, but are not limited
`to, fatty acid gellants, Salts of fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acid
`gellants, esters and amides of fatty acid or hydroxy fatty acid
`gellants, cholesterolic materials, dibenzylidene alditols,
`lanolinolic materials, fatty alcohols, triglycerides, and other
`Suitable Solid non-polymeric gellants.
`For anhydrous deodorant compositions of the present
`invention, any known non-polymeric gellant may be used
`provided that the Selected non-polymeric gellant can melt
`and form a Solution or other homogenous liquid or liquid
`dispersion with the liquid carrier as defined herein at a
`processing temperature as defined hereinabove. The Selected
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`non-polymeric gellant must also provide the deodorant
`composition with the desired gel matrix and product hard
`neSS after formulation and completion of processing.
`Suitable non-polymeric gellants for use in the anhydrous
`deodorant compositions of the present invention include, but
`are not limited to, fatty acid gellants, Salts of fatty acids,
`hydroxy fatty acid gellants, esters and amides of fatty acid
`or hydroxy fatty acid gellants, cholesterolic materials, diben
`Zylidene alditols, lanolinolic materials, fatty alcohols,
`triglycerides, inorganic materials Such as clayS or Silicas,
`and other Suitable non-polymeric gellants.
`Preferred gellants for use in the aqueous and anhydrous
`deodorant compositions are the Solid non-polymeric Salts of
`fatty acids, wherein the fatty acid moiety has from about 12
`to about 40 carbon atoms, preferably from about 12 to about
`22 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 16 to about 20
`carbon atoms, most preferably about 18 carbon atoms.
`Suitable Salt forming cations for use with these gelling
`agents include metal SaltS Such as alkali metals, e.g. Sodium
`and potassium, and alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium,
`and aluminum. Preferred are Sodium and potassium Salts,
`more preferably Sodium Stearate, Sodium palmitate, potas
`sium Stearate, potassium palmitate, Sodium myristate, alu
`minum monoStearate, and combinations thereof. Most pre
`ferred is Sodium Stearate. These gellants are preferably used
`at concentrations ranging from about 0.1% to about 30%,
`more preferably of from about 0.1% to about 25%,even
`more preferably from about 1% to about 20%, most pref
`erably from about 5% to about 10%, by weight of the
`aqueous and anhydrous deodorant compositions.
`Nonlimiting examples of other Suitable Solid non
`polymeric gellants for use in the aqueous and anhydrous
`deodorant compositions include fatty alcohols having from
`about 8 to about 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to about
`30 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 12 to about 18
`carbon atoms. These gellants are wax-like materials which
`are most typically used at concentrations ranging from about
`1% to about 30%, preferably from about 5% to about 20%,
`most preferably from about 10% to about 20%, by weight of
`the aqueous and anhydrous deodorant compositions. Pre
`ferred are cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, Stearyl alcohol,
`behenyl alcohol, and combinations thereof, more preferably
`Stearyl alcohol.
`Nonlimiting examples of other Suitable Solid non
`polymeric gellants for use in the aqueous and anhydrous
`deodorant compositions include fatty acid esterS Such as
`triglycerides. Specific examples of Suitable triglyceride gel
`ling agents include, but are not limited to, tristearin,
`tribehenin, behenyl palmityl behenyl triglyceride, palmityl
`Stearyl palnityl triglyceride, hydrogenated vegetable oil,
`hydrogenated rape Seed oil, castor wax, fish oils, tripalmitin,
`Syncrowax HRC and Syncrowax HGL-C (Syncrowax is
`available from Croda, Inc.). Other suitable glycerides
`include, but are not limited to, glyceryl Stearate and glyceryl
`distearate. Preferred are glyceryl tribehenin and other
`triglycerides, wherein at least about 75%, preferably about
`100%, of the esterified fatty acid moieties of said other
`triglycerides each have from about 18 to about 36 carbon
`atoms, and wherein the molar ratio of glyceryl tribehenin to
`said other triglycerides is from about 20:1 to about 1:1,
`preferably from about 10:1 to about 3:1, more preferably
`from about 6:1 to about 4:1. The esterified fatty acid
`moieties may be Saturated or unsaturated, Substituted or
`unsubstituted, linear or branched, but are preferably linear,
`Saturated, unsubstituted ester moieties derived from fatty
`acid materials having from about 18 to about 36 carbon
`atoms. Most preferred is a triglyceride gelling agent com
`65
`prising a combination of glyceryl tribehenin and C18-C36
`triglyceride.
`
`8
`Nonlimiting examples of other Suitable Solid non
`polymeric gellants for use in the aqueous and anhydrous
`deodorant compositions include fatty acids, and hydroxy
`fatty acids Such as alpha or beta hydroxy fatty acids, having
`from about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms, and esters and
`amides of Such gelling agents. Specific nonlimiting
`examples Such gellants include 12-hydroxyStearic acid, 12
`-hydroxylauric acid, 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, behenic
`acid, eurcic acid, Stearic acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid,
`isoStearic acid, and combinations thereof. Preferred are
`12-hydroxyStearic acid, esters of 12-hydroxyStearic acid,
`amides of 12-hydroxyStearic acid and combinations thereof,
`and all other Solid non-polymeric gelling agents which
`correspond to the following formula:
`
`R-C-F CH-i- t CHis CH
`OH
`
`wherein R is OR2, NR-Rs, or a silicone containing moiety;
`and R and R are hydrogen, or an alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl
`radical which is branched linear or cyclic and has from about
`1 to about 22 carbon atoms; preferably, from about 1 to
`about 18 carbon atoms. R and R may be either the same
`or different; however, at least one is preferably a hydrogen
`atom. Preferred among these gellants are those Selected from
`the group consisting of 12-hydroxy Stearic acid,
`12-hydroxyStearic acid methyl ester, 12-hydroxyStearic acid
`ethyl ester, 12-hydroxy Stearic acid Stearyl ester,
`12-hydroxyStearic acid benzyl ester, 12-hydroxyStearic acid
`amide, isopropyl amide of 12-hydroxyStearic acid, butyl
`amide of 12-hydroxy Stearic acid, benzyl amide of
`12-hydroxyStearic acid, phenyl amide of 12-hydroxyStearic
`acid, t-butyl amide of 12-hydroxyStearic acid, cyclohexyl
`amide of 12-hydroxyStearic acid, 1-adamantyl amide of
`12-hydroxy Stearic acid, 2-adamantlyl amide of
`12-hydroxy Stearic acid, diisopropyl amide of
`12-hydroxyStearic acid, and mixtures thereof, even more
`preferably, 12-hydroxyStearic acid, isopropyl amide of
`12-hydroxyStearic acid, and combinations thereof. Most
`preferred is 12-hydroxyStearic acid.
`Nonlimiting examples of other Suitable Solid non
`polymeric gellants for use in the aqueous and anhydrous
`deodorant compositions include disubstituted or branched
`monoamide gellants, monoSubstituted or branched diamide
`gellants, triamide gellants, and combinations thereof, includ
`ing n-acyl amino acid derivatives Such as n-acyl amino acid
`amides, n-acyl amino acid esters prepared from glutamic
`acid, lysine, glutamine, aspartic acid, and combinations
`thereof. Other Suitable amide gelling agents are described in
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,816 (Hofrichter et al.) and U.S. Pat. No.
`5,840,287 (Guskey et al.), which descriptions are incorpo
`rated herein by reference. Concentrations of all Such gellants
`preferably range from about 0.1% to about 25%, more
`preferably of from about 1% to about 15%, most preferably
`from about 5% to about 15%, by weight of the aqueous and
`anhydrous deodorant compositions.
`Preferred Product Hardness
`The deodorant compositions of the present invention are
`preferably in the form of a deodorant stick which has a
`product hardness of less than about 200 pens (measured in
`tenths of a millimeter), more preferably from about 50 pens
`to about 200 pens, most preferably from about 75 pens to
`about 120 pens.
`The term “product hardness” as used herein is a reflection
`of how much force is required to move a penetration needle
`
`

`

`6,123,932
`
`10
`Preferred liquid carriers include PPG-3 myristyl ether,
`propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol,
`PEG-8, heXylene glycol, glycerin, and combinations thereof.
`The deodorant compositions of the present invention
`preferably comprise a Silicone liquid carrier in combination
`with an alcohol liquid carrier described hereinbefore. The
`concentration of the Silicone liquid carrier preferably range
`from about 10% to about 90%, more preferably from about
`15% to about 65%, by weight of the deodorant composition.
`The Silicone liquid carrierS Suitable for use herein may be
`Volatile or non-volatile Silicones, provided that these sili
`cone materials have the requisite Volatility or non-volatility
`defined herein.
`Nonlimiting examples of Suitable Silicone liquid carriers
`for use herein include those Volatile Silicones th