LANGE'S
`HANDBOOK
`OF
`CHEMISTRY
`
`John A. Dean
`Professor Emeritus of Chemistry
`University of Tennessee, Knoxville
`
`Fifteenth Edition
`
`McGRAW-HILL, INC.
`New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogotá
`Caracus Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Milan
`Montreal New Delhi Paris San Juan São Paulo
`Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto
`
`Page 1
`
`Petitioner Dr. Squatch
` Ex. 1042
`
`

`

`Copyright © 1999, 1992, 1985, 1979, 1973, 1967, 1961, 1956 by McGraw-
`Hill, Inc. All rights reserved.
`
`Copyright renewed 1972 by Norbert Adolph Lange.
`
`Copyright 1952, 1949, 1946, 1944, 1941, 1939, 1937, 1934 by McGraw-Hill,
`Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as
`permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this
`publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,
`or stored in a data base retrieval system without the prior written permis-
`sion of the publisher.
`
`5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 9 0 3 2 1 0 9 8
`
`ISBN 0-07-016384-7
`
`The sponsoring editor for this book was Robert Esposito, and the production
`supervisor was Clare B. Stanley. It was set in Times Roman by Progressive
`Information Technologies.
`
`Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company.
`
`Information contained in this work has been obtained by McGraw-
`Hill, Inc., from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither
`McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness
`of any information published herein and neither McGraw-Hill nor its
`authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages
`arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the
`understanding that McGraw-Hill and its authors are supplying infor-
`mation but are not attempting to render engineering or other profes-
`sional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an
`appropriate profession should be sought.
`
`Page 2
`
`

`

`ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
`
`Grateful acknowledgment is hereby made of an indebtedness to those who have contributed to
`previous editions and whose compilations continuein use in this edition. In particular, acknowledg-
`ment is madeof the contribution of L. P. Buseth, who prepared the conversiontablesfor the thirteenth
`edition and who prepared the table on the U.S. Standard Sieve Series.
`
`xvii
`
`Page 3
`
`Page 3
`
`

`

`ABOUT THE EDITOR
`
`John A. Dean assumedthe editorship of Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry in 1968 with
`the Eleventh Edition. He is currently Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at the University
`of Tennessee at Knoxville. The author of nine major chemistry reference books used
`throughout the world, John Dean’s research interests, reflected in over 105 research
`papers and scholarly publications, include instrumental methodsofanalysis, flame emis-
`sion and atomic absorption spectroscopy, chromatographic and solvent extraction meth-
`ods, and polarography. He received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Chemistry from the
`University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. In 1974, he was given the Charles H. Stone Award
`by the Carolina-Piedmont Section of the American Chemical Society. In 1991, he was
`awarded the Distinguished Service Award by the Society for Applied Spectroscopy; by
`the same organization he was awarded Honorary Membershipin 1997.
`
`Page 4
`
`Page 4
`
`

`

`PREFACE TO
`FIFTEENTH EDITION
`
`This new edition, the fifth under the aegis of the present editor, remains the one-volume
`source of factual information for chemists, both professionals and students — the first place
`in which to “look it up” on the spot. The aim is to provide sufficient data to satisfy all
`one’s general needs without recourse to other reference sources. A user will find this
`volume of value as a time-saver because of the many tables of numerical data which have
`been especially compiled.
`Descriptive properties for a basic group of approximately 4300 organic compounds are
`compiled in Section 1, an increase of 300 entries. All entries are listed alphabetically
`according to the senior prefix of the name. The data for each organic compound include
`(where available) name, structural formula, formula weight, Beilstein reference (or if un-
`available, the entry to the Merck Index, 12th ed.), density, refractive index, melting point,
`boiling point, flash point, and solubility (citing numerical values if known) in water and
`various common organic solvents. Structural formulas either too complex or too ambig-
`uous to be rendered as line formulas are grouped at the bottom of each facing double page
`on which the entries appear. Alternative names, as well as trivial names of long-standing
`usage, are listed in their respective alphabetical order at the bottom of each double page
`in the regular alphabetical sequence. Another feature that assists the user in locating a
`desired entry is the empirical formula index.
`Section 2 on General Information, Conversion Tables, and Mathematics has had the
`table on general conversion factors thoroughly reworked. Similarly the material on Statis-
`tics in Chemical Analysis has had its contents more than doubled.
`Descriptive properties for a basic group of inorganic compounds are compiled in Section
`3, which has undergone a small increase in the number of entries. Many entries under the
`column “Solubility” supply the reader with precise quantities dissolved in a stated solvent
`and at a given temperature.
`Several portions of Section 4, Properties of Atoms, Radicals, and Bonds, have been
`significantly enlarged. For example, the entries under “Ionization Energy of Molecular
`and Radical Species” now number 740 and have an additional column with the enthalpy
`of formation of the ions. Likewise, the table on “Electron Affinities of the Elements,
`Molecules, and Radicals” now contains about 225 entries. The Table of Nuclides has
`material on additional radionuclides, their radiations, and the neutron capture cross sec-
`tions.
`Revised material for Section 5 includes the material on surface tension, viscosity, di-
`electric constant, and dipole moment for organic compounds. In order to include more
`data at several temperatures, the material has been divided into two separate tables. Ma-
`terial on surface tension and viscosity constitute the first table with 715 entries; included
`is the temperature range of the liquid phase. Material on dielectric constant and dipole
`
`vii
`
`Page 5
`
`

`

`viii
`
`PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION
`
`moment constitute another table of 1220 entries. The additional data at two or more tem-
`peratures permit interpolation for intermediate temperatures and also permit limited ex-
`trapolation of the data. The Properties of Combustible Mixtures in Air has been revised
`and expanded to include over 450 compounds. Flash points are to be found in Section 1.
`Completely revised are the tables on Thermal Conductivity for gases, liquids, and solids.
`Van der Waals’ constants for gases has been brought up to date and expanded to over 500
`substances.
`Section 6, which includes Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and
`Heat Capacities of Organic and Inorganic Compounds, and Heats of Melting, Vaporization,
`and Sublimation and Specific Heat at Various Temperatures for organic and inorganic
`compounds, has expanded by 11 pages, but the major additions have involved data in
`columns where it previously was absent. More material has also been included for critical
`temperature, critical pressure, and critical volume.
`The section on Spectroscopy has been retained but with some revisions and expansion.
`The section includes ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence, infrared and Raman
`spectroscopy, and X-ray spectrometry. Detection limits are listed for the elements when
`using flame emission, flame atomic absorption, electrothermal atomic absorption, argon
`induction coupled plasma, and flame atomic fluorescence. Nuclear magnetic resonance
`embraces tables for the nuclear properties of the elements, proton chemical shifts and
`coupling constants, and similar material for carbon-13, boron-11, nitrogen-15, fluorine-
`19, silicon-19, and phosphorus-31.
`In Section 8, the material on solubility constants has been doubled to 550 entries.
`Sections on proton transfer reactions, including some at various temperatures, formation
`constants of metal complexes with organic and inorganic ligands, buffer solutions of all
`types, reference electrodes, indicators, and electrode potentials are retained with some
`revisions. The material on conductances has been revised and expanded, particularly in
`the table on limiting equivalent ionic conductances.
`Everything in Sections 9 and 10 on physiochemical relationships, and on polymers,
`rubbers, fats, oils, and waxes, respectively, has been retained.
`Section 11, Practical Laboratory Information, has undergone significant changes and
`expansion. Entries in the table on “Molecular Elevation of the Boiling Point” have been
`increased. McReynolds’ constants for stationary phases in gas chromatography have been
`reorganized and expanded. The guide to ion-exchange resins and discussion is new and
`embraces all types of column packings and membrane materials. Gravimetric factors have
`been altered to reflect the changes in atomic weights for several elements. Newly added
`are tables listing elements precipitated by general analytical reagents, and giving equations
`for the redox determination of the elements with their equivalent weights. Discussion on
`the topics of precipitation and complexometric titrations include primary standards and
`indicators for each analytical technique. A new topic of masking and demasking agents
`includes discussion and tables of masking agents for various elements, for anions and
`neutral molecules, and common demasking agents. A table has been added listing the
`common amino acids with their pI and pKa values and their 3-letter and 1-letter abbrevi-
`ations. Lastly a 9-page table lists the threshold limit value (TLV) for gases and vapors.
`As stated in earlier prefaces, every effort has been made to select the most useful and
`reliable information and to record it with accuracy. However, the editor’s 50 years of
`
`Page 6
`
`

`

`PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION
`
`ix
`
`involvement with textbooks and handbooks bring a realization of the opportunities for
`gremlins to exert their inevitable mischief. It is hoped that users of this handbook will
`continue to offer suggestions of material that might be included in, or even excluded from,
`future editions and call attention to errors. These communications should be directed to
`the editor. The street address will change early in 1999, as will the telephone number.
`However, the e-mail address should remain as “pd105@aol.com.”
`
`Knoxville, TN
`
`John A. Dean
`
`Page 7
`
`

`

`PREFACE TO
`FOURTEENTH EDITION
`
`Perhaps it would be simplest to begin by stating the ways in which this new edition, the fourth under
`the aegis of the present editor, has not been changed. It remains the one-volume source of factual
`information for chemists, both professionals and students—the first place in which to “look it up”
`on the spot. The aim is to provide sufficient data to satisfy all one’s general needs without recourse
`to other reference sources. Even the worker with the facilities of a comprehensive library will find
`this volume of value as a time-saver because of the many tables of numerical data which have been
`especially compiled.
`The changes, however, are both numerous and significant. First of all, there is a change in the
`organization of the subject matter. For example, material formerly contained in the section entitled
`Analytical Chemistry is now grouped by operational categories: spectroscopy; electrolytes, electro-
`motive force, and chemical equilibrium; and practical laboratory information. Polymers, rubbers,
`fats, oils, and waxes constitute a large independent section.
`Descriptive properties for a basic group of approximately 4000 organic compounds are compiled
`in Section 1. These follow a concise introduction to organic nomenclature, including the topic of
`stereochemistry. Nomenclature is consistent with the 1979 rules of the Commission on Nomencla-
`ture, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). All entries are listed alphabeti-
`cally according to the senior prefix of the name. The data for each organic compound include (where
`available) name, structural formula, formula weight, Beilstein reference, density, refractive index,
`melting point, boiling point, flash point, and solubility (citing numerical values if known) in water
`and various common organic solvents. Structural formulas either too complex or too ambiguous to
`be rendered as line formulas are grouped at the bottom of the page on which the entries appear.
`Alternative names, as well as trivial names of long-standing usage, are listed in their respective
`alphabetical order at the bottom of each page in the regular alphabetical sequence. Another feature
`that assists the user in locating a desired entry is the empirical formula index.
`Section 2 combines the former separate section on Mathematics with the material involving
`General Information and Conversion Tables. The fundamental physical constants reflect values rec-
`ommended in 1986. Physical and chemical symbols and definitions have undergone extensive re-
`vision and expansion. Presented in 14 categories, the entries follow recommendations published in
`1988 by the IUPAC. The table of abbreviations and standard letter symbols provides, in a sense, an
`alphabetical index to the foregoing tables. The table of conversion factors has been modified in view
`of recent data and inclusion of SI units; cross-entries for “archaic” or unusual entries have been
`curtailed.
`Descriptive properties for a basic group of approximately 1400 inorganic compounds are com-
`piled in Section 3. These follow a concise, revised introduction to inorganic nomenclature that
`follows the recommendations of the IUPAC published in 1990. In this section are given the exact
`atomic (or formula) weight of the elements accompanied, when available, by the uncertainty in the
`final figure given in parentheses.
`In Section 4 the data on bond lengths and strengths have been vastly increased so as to include
`not only the atomic and effective ionic radii of elements and the covalent radii for atoms, but also
`the bond lengths between carbon and other elements and between elements other than carbon. All
`
`xi
`
`Page 8
`
`

`

`xii
`
`PREFACE TO FOURTEENTH EDITION
`
`lengths are given in picometers (SI unit). Effective ionic radii are tabulated as a function of ion
`charge and coordination number. Bond dissociation energies are given in kilojoules per mole with
`the uncertainty of the final figure(s) given in parentheses when known. New tables include bond
`dipole moments, group dipole moments, work functions of the elements, and relative abundances
`of the naturally occurring elements. The table of nuclides has been shortened and includes only the
`more commonly encountered nuclides; tabulations list half-life, natural abundance, cross-section to
`thermal neutrons, and radiation emitted upon disintegration. Entries have been updated.
`Revised material in Section 5 includes an extensive tabulation of binary and ternary azeotropes
`comprising approximately 850 entries. Over 975 compounds have values listed for viscosity, di-
`electric constant, dipole moment, and surface tension. Whenever possible, data for viscosity and
`dielectric constant are provided at two temperatures to permit interpolation for intermediate tem-
`peratures and also to permit limited extrapolation of the data. The dipole moments are often listed
`for different physical states. Values for surface tension can be calculated over a range of temperatures
`from two constants that can be fitted into a linear equation. Also extensively revised and expanded
`are the properties of combustible mixtures in air. A table of triple points has been added.
`The tables in Section 6 contain values of the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of formation, entropy,
`and heat capacity at five temperatures for approximately 2000 organic compounds and 1500 inor-
`ganic compounds, many in more than one physical state. Separate tabulations have enthalpies of
`melting, vaporization, transition, and sublimation for organic and inorganic compounds. All values
`are given in SI units (joule) and have been extracted from the latest sources such as JANAF Ther-
`mochemical Tables, 3d ed. (1986); Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, 2d ed. (1986);
`and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds, published under the auspices of the IUPAC
`(1985). Also updated is the material on critical properties of elements and compounds.
`The section on Spectroscopy has been expanded to include ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,
`fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. Retained sections have been thoroughly
`revised: in particular, the tables on electronic emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy, nuclear
`magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy. Detection limits are listed for the elements when
`using flame emission, flame atomic absorption, electrothermal atomic absorption, argon ICP, and
`flame atomic fluorescence. Nuclear magnetic resonance embraces tables for the nuclear properties
`of the elements, proton chemical shifts and coupling constants, and similar material for carbon-13,
`boron-11, nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, silicon-29, and phosphorus-31.
`Section 8 now combines all the material on electrolytes, electromotive force, and chemical equi-
`librium, some of which had formerly been included in the old “Analytical Chemistry” section of
`earlier editions. Material on the half-wave potentials of inorganic and organic materials has been
`thoroughly revised. The tabulation of the potentials of the elements and their compounds reflects
`recent IUPAC (1985) recommendations.
`An extensive new Section 10 is devoted to polymers, rubbers, fats, oils, and waxes. A discussion
`of polymers and rubbers is followed by the formulas and key properties of plastic materials. For
`each member and type of the plastic families there is a tabulation of their physical, electrical,
`mechanical, and thermal properties and characteristics. A similar treatment is accorded the various
`types of rubber materials. Chemical resistance and gas permeability constants are also given for
`rubbers and plastics. The section concludes with various constants of fats, oils, and waxes.
`The practical laboratory information contained in Section 11 has been gathered from many of
`the previous sections of earlier editions. This material has been supplemented with new material
`under separation methods, gravimetric and volumetric analysis, and laboratory solutions. Significant
`new tables under separation methods include: properties of solvents for chromatography, solvents
`having the same refractive index and the same density, McReynolds’ constants for stationary phases
`in gas chromatography, characteristics of selected supercritical fluids, and typical performances in
`HPLC for various operating conditions. Under gravimetric and volumetric analysis, gravimetric
`factors, equations and equivalents for volumetric analysis, and titrimetric factors have been retained
`
`Page 9
`
`

`

`PREFACE TO FOURTEENTH EDITION
`
`xiii
`
`along with the formation constants of EDTA metal complexes. In this age of awareness of chemical
`dangers, tables have been added for some common reactive and incompatible chemicals, chemicals
`recommended for refrigerated storage, and chemicals which polymerize or decompose on extended
`storage at low temperature. Updated is the information about the U.S. Standard Sieve Series. Ther-
`mometry data have been revised to bring them into agreement with the new International Temper-
`ature Scale–1990, and data for type N thermocouples are included.
`Every effort has been made to select the most useful and most reliable information and to record
`it with accuracy. However, the editor’s many years of involvement with handbooks bring a realiza-
`tion of the opportunities for gremlins to exert their inevitable mischief. It is hoped that users of this
`handbook will offer suggestions of material that might be included in, or even excluded from, future
`editions and call attention to errors. These communications should be directed to the editor at his
`home address (or by telephone).
`
`John A. Dean
`
`Page 10
`
`

`

`PREFACE TO
`FIRST EDITION
`
`This book is the result of a number of years’ experience in the compiling and editing of data useful
`to chemists. In it an effort has been made to select material to meet the needs of chemists who
`cannot command the unlimited time available to the research specialist, or who lack the facilities of
`a large technical library which so often is not conveniently located at many manufacturing centers.
`If the information contained herein serves this purpose, the compiler will feel that he has accom-
`plished a worthy task. Even the worker with the facilities of a comprehensive library may find this
`volume of value as a time-saver because of the many tables of numerical data which have been
`especially computed for this purpose.
`Every effort has been made to select the most reliable information and to record it with accuracy.
`Many years of occupation with this type of work bring a realization of the opportunities for the
`occurrence of errors, and while every endeavor has been made to prevent them, yet it would be
`remarkable if the attempts towards this end had always been successful. In this connection it is
`desired to express appreciation to those who in the past have called attention to errors, and it will
`be appreciated if this be done again with the present compilation for the publishers have given
`their assurance that no expense will be spared in making the necessary changes in subsequent
`printings.
`It has been aimed to produce a compilation complete within the limits set by the economy of
`available space. One difficulty always at hand to the compiler of such a book is that he must decide
`what data are to be excluded in order to keep the volume from becoming unwieldy because of its
`size. He can hardly be expected to have an expert’s knowledge of all branches of the science nor
`the intuition necessary to decide in all cases which particular value to record, especially when many
`differing values are given in the literature for the same constant. If the expert in a particular field
`will judge the usefulness of this book by the data which it supplies to him from fields other than his
`specialty and not by the lack of highly specialized information in which only he and his co-workers
`are interested (and with which he is familiar and for which he would never have occasion to consult
`this compilation), then an estimate of its value to him will be apparent. However, if such specialists
`will call attention to missing data with which they are familiar and which they believe others less
`specialized will also need, then works of this type can be improved in succeeding editions.
`Many of the gaps in this volume are caused by the lack of such information in the literature. It
`is hoped that to one of the most important classes of workers in chemistry, namely the teachers, the
`book will be of value not only as an aid in answering the most varied questions with which they are
`confronted by interested students, but also as an inspiration through what it suggests by the gaps
`and inconsistencies, challenging as they do the incentive to engage in the creative and experimental
`work necessary to supply the missing information.
`While the principal value of the book is for the professional chemist or student of chemistry, it
`should also be of value to many people not especially educated as chemists. Workers in the natural
`sciences—physicists, mineralogists, biologists, pharmacists, engineers, patent attorneys, and librar-
`ians—are often called upon to solve problems dealing with the properties of chemical products or
`materials of construction. For such needs this compilation supplies helpful information and will
`serve not only as an economical substitute for the costly accumulation of a large library of mono-
`graphs on specialized subjects, but also as a means of conserving the time required to search for
`
`xv
`
`Page 11
`
`

`

`xvi
`
`PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION
`
`information so widely scattered throughout the literature. For this reason especial care has been taken
`in compiling a comprehensive index and in furnishing cross references with many of the tables.
`It is hoped that this book will be of the same usefulness to the worker in science as is the dictionary
`to the worker in literature, and that its resting place will be on the desk rather than on the bookshelf.
`
`Cleveland, Ohio
`May 2, 1934
`
`N. A. Lange
`
`Page 12
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`CONTENTS
`
`For the detailed contents of any section, consult the title page of that section. See also the alpha.
`betical index in the back of this handbook.
`
`Preface to Fifteenth Edition
`Preface to Fourteenth Edition
`Preface to First Edition
`xv
`Acknowledgments
`
`xvii
`
`vii
`
`Section
`Section
`Section
`Section
`Section
`Section
`Section
`Section
`
`Section 9.
`Section 10.
`Section 11.
`
`SNOAPWNnsa Organic Compounds
`
`General Information, Conversion Tables, and Mathematics
`Inorganic Compounds
`Properties of Atoms, Radicals, and Bonds
`Physical Properties
`Thermodynamic Properties
`Spectroscopy
`Electrolytes, Electromotive Force, and Chemical
`Equilibrium
`Physicochemical Relationships
`Polymers, Rubbers, Fats, Oils, and Waxes
`Practical Laboratory Information
`
`8.1
`
`9.1
`
`10.1
`
`11.1
`
`Index follows Section 11
`
`Page 13
`
`Page 13
`
`

`

`3.12
`
`SECTION 3
`
`3.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
`
`TABLE 3.2 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
`Names follow the IUPAC Nomenclature. Solvates are listed under the entry for the anhydrous salt. Acids are
`entered under Hydrogen and acid salts are entered as a subentry under hydrogen.
`Formula weights are based upon the International Atomic Weights of 1993 and are computed to the nearest
`hundredth when justified. The actual significant figures are given in the atomic weights of the individual elements.
`Each element that has neither a stable isotope nor a characteristic natural isotopic composition is represented
`in this table by one of that element’s commonly known radioisotopes identified by mass number and relative
`atomic mass.
`Density values are given at room temperature unless otherwise indicated by the superscript figure; for example,
`2.48715 indicates a density of 2.487 g/cm3 for the substance at 15⬚C. A superscript 20 over a subscript 4 indicates
`a density at 20⬚C relative to that of water at 4⬚C. For gases the values are given as grams per liter (g/L).
`Melting point is recorded in a certain case as
`250 d
`and in some other cases as
`d 250,
`the distinction being made
`in this manner to indicate that the former is a melting point with decomposition at 250⬚C while in the latter
`decomposition only occurs at 250⬚C and higher temperatures. Where a value such as
`⫺6H O,
`150 is given it
`2
`indicates a loss of 6 moles of water per formula weight of the compound at a temperature of 150⬚C. For hydrates
`the temperature stated represents the compound melting in its water of hydration.
`
`Boiling point is given at atmospheric pressure (760 mm
`of mercury or 101 325 Pa) unless otherwise indicated;
`thus 8215mm indicates that the boiling point is 82⬚C when the pressure is
`15 mm
`of mercury. Also, subl 550
`indicates that the compound sublimes at 550⬚C. Occasionally decomposition products are mentioned.
`Solubility is given in parts by weight (of the formula weight) per 100 parts by weight of the solvent (i.e., percent
`by weight) and at room temperature. Another unit frequently used is grams per
`100 mL
`of solvent (mL per
`100 mL
`for liquids and gases). The symbols of the common mineral acids represent aqueous solutions of these
`acids.
`
`Abbreviations Used in the Table
`h, hot
`hex, hexagonal
`HOAc, acetic acid
`i, insoluble
`ign, ignites
`L, liter
`lq, liquid
`MeOH, methanol
`min, mineral
`mL, milliliter
`org, organic
`oxid, oxidizing
`PE, petroleum ether
`pyr, pyridine
`s, soluble
`satd, saturated
`sl, slightly
`soln, solution
`solv, solvent(s)
`subl, sublimes
`sulf, sulfides
`tart, tartrate
`THF, tetrahyrofuran
`v, very
`vac, vacuum
`viol, violently
`volat, volatilizes
`⬍, less than
`⬎, greater than
`
`a, acid
`abs, absolute
`abs alc, anhydrous ethanol
`acet, acetone
`alk, alkali (aq NaOH or KOH)
`anhyd, anhydrous
`aq, aqueous
`aq reg, aqua regia
`atm, atmosphere
`BuOH, butanol
`bz, benzene
`c, solid state
`ca., approximately
`chl, chloroform
`conc, concentrated
`cub, cubic
`d, decomposes
`dil, dilute
`disprop, disproportionates
`EtOAc, ethyl acetate
`eth, diethyl ether
`EtOH, 95% ethanol
`expl, explodes
`fcc, face-centered cubic
`fctetr, face-centered tetragonal
`FP, flash point
`fum, fuming
`fus, fusion, fuses
`g, gas, gram
`glyc, glycerol
`
`Page 14
`
`

`

`iaq;sHCl,warmalkali
`daq
`iaq;slsa
`daq;salc,chl,eth
`133g/100mL20aq
`iaq;vslsa,alk
`daq,acid,alkali
`g/100mL:64aq,100alc;sacet
`
`g/100mL:70aq(viol),10012abs
`vsaq;salc
`daq;firehazard
`vsorgsolv
`FP27;vsorgsolv
`d(viol)aq;salc,acet,bz,CS2
`iaq
`vslsaq,alc,eth
`
`daq;salc,bz,chl,PE
`daq;salc,eth,CS2
`iaq;sacids,alkalis
`0.56aq;ia,alk,alc,acet
`shotaqd;vslsalc,eth
`alc;sCCl4,eth;slsbz
`
`anhyd178
`2980
`
`d135
`130
`13510mm
`382
`
`subl1272
`20514mm
`
`subl181.1
`
`d⬎2200400mm
`subl180
`200–20630mm
`subl253
`
`dtoPH3,220
`2550
`⬎1460
`d265
`120.8
`2054(6)
`d2517
`73
`
`118.5
`191.0
`toAl2O3,300
`1090
`140
`
`0
`
`192.6
`
`2100
`
`97.5
`ca.1050
`
`1740
`1060
`
`14.3g/100mLaq;sglyc;ialc
`iaq;vsalc;sbz,eth
`sHCl,H2SO4,alk
`saq
`daq;sacids
`
`315
`2518
`
`ca.3200
`
`anhyd⬎280
`190–193
`660.323
`subl800
`1050(50)
`
`100partssolvent
`
`Solubilityin
`
`Boilingpoint,
`
`⬚C
`
`Meltingpoint,
`
`⬚C
`
`2.8515
`2.56
`1.23
`2.020
`3.97
`3.05
`1.72
`
`4
`
`1.034620
`3.9817
`2.42
`2.88225
`1.14220
`
`0
`
`4
`
`0
`
`2.44025
`
`2.360
`1.02520
`0.967
`3.20518
`
`0
`
`0
`
`3.76
`4.26
`
`1.65
`1.27
`2.70
`5.85
`10.07
`
`221.94
`57.96
`121.95
`306.27
`433.43
`101.96
`40.99
`375.13
`72.07
`204.25
`407.69
`78.01
`83.98
`162.16
`
`133.34
`277.35
`143.96
`246.33
`246.33
`266.69
`273.54
`402.30
`101.90
`148.74
`
`453.33
`324.31
`26.981539
`466.74
`227.0278
`
`Al(H2PO2)3
`AlP
`AlPO4
`Al(C6H5O)3
`Al(ClO4)3·6H2O
`AlO3
`AlN
`Al(NO3)3·9H2O
`Al(CH3O)3
`Al(C3H7O)3
`AlI3
`Al(OH)3
`AlF3
`Al(C2H5O)3
`
`phosphinate(hypophos-
`phosphide
`phosphate
`phenoxide
`perchlorate6-water
`oxide(alpha-)
`nitride
`nitrate9-water
`methoxide
`isopropoxide
`iodide
`hydroxide
`fluoride
`ethoxide
`
`phite)
`
`AlCl3
`Al(ClO3)3
`Al4C3
`Al(C4H9O)3
`Al(C4H9O)3
`AlBr3
`2Al2O3·B2O3
`Al(OOCC6H4OCOCH3)2OH
`AlAs
`AlSb
`
`AlNH4(SO4)2·12H2O
`Al(C5H7O2)3
`Al
`AcBr3
`Ac
`
`ammoniumbis(sulfate)
`acetylacetonate
`
`chloride
`chlorate
`carbide(4/3)
`butoxide,tert-
`butoxide,sec-
`bromide
`borate(2/1)
`bis(acetylsalicylate)
`arsenide
`antimonide
`12-water
`
`Actinium-227
`
`Aluminum
`bromide
`
`3.13
`
`Density
`
`Formulaweight
`
`Formula
`
`Name
`
`TABLE3.2PhysicalConstantsofInorganicCompounds(Continued)
`
`Page 15
`
`

`

`40.3g/100mL20aq;salc
`
`d⬎120
`
`anhyd,110
`
`g/100mL:2615aq,0.619absalc;i
`vsaq;ialc
`vsaq;slsalc;ieth
`0.02aq;sNH4Cl
`
`7.2g/100mL0aq
`34g/100mL20aq;slsMeOH
`
`acet,eth
`
`76g/100mL20aq;vsacet,alc,eth
`g/100mL:2015aq,2.8alc;sglyc
`vsaq;slsalc
`
`g/100mL:1484aq,7.915MeOH;s
`
`g/100mL:34aq;13.2alc;seth,
`sa
`daq;ignair;explinO2,20
`hydaq;sacid
`87g/100mL0aq;ialc
`36.4g/100mL20aq;slsalc
`iaq,alc;sbz,alk
`
`organicsolvents
`
`alc
`
`520
`
`d397vacuo
`subl160
`d160
`
`d
`
`⫺33.35
`2011
`44.5
`subl1500
`
`110g/100mL15aq;ialc
`iaq;dHF;sfusedalkali
`daq,acid
`daq;salc
`
`24814mm
`
`94d
`d185
`
`452(sublunder
`198
`131
`
`237.8
`volatilizes60
`subl60
`d140
`
`pressure)
`
`114
`
`⫺77.75
`1176
`⫺64.5
`1097
`d86.5
`770d
`117–120
`
`61
`
`947
`106
`
`1.993
`
`1.72
`1.9112
`
`1.527425
`
`1.90515
`
`2.429
`1.260
`
`g:0.617515,7.2atm
`lq:0.6818atbp
`
`1.1720
`
`12
`
`2.2013
`1.6917
`1.61
`1.070
`
`1.67520
`3.247
`3.43720
`1.057820
`
`0
`
`4
`
`11.4g/100mLaq;vsglyc;ialc
`
`anhyd,200
`
`⫺9H2O,92
`
`1.75720
`
`277.46
`
`478.34
`152.07
`
`53.49
`114.10
`78.07
`305.13
`
`97.94
`139.15
`114.13
`
`77.08
`
`17.03
`243
`71.53
`150.16
`666.46
`342.15
`877.41
`
`458.28
`162.05
`290.84
`204.25
`
`474.39
`
`(NH4)2CuCl4·2H2O
`
`NH4Cr(SO4)2·12H2O
`(NH4)2CrO4
`
`chromium(III)bissulfate
`chromate(VI)
`
`12-water
`
`copper(II)tetrachloride
`
`2-water
`
`NH4Cl
`(NH4)2CO3·H2O
`NH4COONH2
`NH4CaAsO4·6H2O
`
`chloride
`carbonate1-water
`carbamate
`calciumarsenate6-water
`
`NH4Br
`NH4C6H5O2
`NH4SO3NH2
`
`NH4C2H3O2
`
`NH3
`Am
`Al(BH4)3
`Al2S3
`Al2(SO4)3·18H2O
`Al2(SO4)3
`Al(C18H35O2)3
`
`AlNa(SO4)2·12H2O
`Al2O3·SiO2
`Al2Se3
`Al(C3H7O)3
`
`AlK(SO4)2·12H2O
`
`bromide
`benzoate
`amidosulfate
`
`Ammoniumacetate
`
`potassiumbis(sulfate)
`Aluminum(continued)
`
`sodiumbis(sulfate)
`siliconoxide(1/1)
`selenide
`propoxide
`12-water
`
`12-water
`
`tetrahydridoborate
`sulfide
`sulfate18-water
`sulfate
`stearate
`
`Ammonia
`Americium
`
`3.14
`
`100partssolvent
`
`Solubilityin
`
`Boilingpoint,
`
`⬚C
`
`Meltingpoint,
`
`⬚C
`
`Density
`
`Formulaweight
`
`Formula
`
`Name
`
`TABLE3.2PhysicalConstantsofInorganicCompounds(Continued)
`
`Page 16
`
`

`

`267g/100mL10aq
`
`128g/100mL0aq;sglyc;ialc,acet
`100g/100mLaq;ialc,acet
`69g/100mL20aq;ialc,acet
`saq,alc;ibz,eth
`vsaq;slsalc
`100g/100mLaq;slsalc
`
`g/100mL:17.420aq,10glyc
`135g/100mL20aq;salc,HNO
`18.6g/100mL20aq;ialc,acet
`74.8g/100mL20aq;salc,acet
`saq;ieth
`
`vsaq
`saq;sl