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`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FOR PATENT COVER SHEET — Page 1 of 2
`This is a request for filing a PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FOR PATENTunder 37 CFR 1.53{c}.
`
`Given Name (first and middle [if any}
`oN
`‘
`[
`vi)
`David Arthur
`
`i
`{
`?
`
`Family Name or Surname
`y
`~
`°
`
`Residence
`.
`.
`.
`{City and either State or Foreign Country)
`
`ANTIPERSPIRANT COMPOSITIONS
`
`CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
`t Direct all correspondenceto:
`¥|The address corresponding ta Customer Number:
`21782
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`Express Mail Label Ne. INVENTOR(S}
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`dividual Name
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`¥}The Director is hereby authorized to charge the filing fee and application size fee (if applicable) ar credit any overpayment to Deposit
`Account Number; 18-2480
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`Petitioner Dr. Squatch
`Ex. 1035
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`Petitioner Dr. Squatch
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`Page 1
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`

`PTO/SB/16 (03-13)
`Approved for use through 01/31/2014. OMB 0651-0032
`LS. Patent and Trademark
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`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FOR PATENT COVER SHEET — Page 2 of 2
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`
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`The invention was made by an agency of the United States Governmentor under a contract with an agency of the United States Government.
`
`| [7] no,
`i| Yes, the invention was made by an agency of the U.S. Government. The U.S. Governmentagency nameis:
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`signature{KathleenY,.Carters ate Sune 30, 2017
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`TYPED on PRINTEONAMEKathleenY.Carter eiSTRATION NO. 88,963
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`Page 2
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`
`Page 3
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`Page 3
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`14861P
`
`1
`
`ANTIPERSPIRANT COMPOSITIONS
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present disclosure relates to antiperspirant compositions and methodsrelating thereto.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Many antiperspirant and deodorants use actives that are astringent metallic salts, or in
`
`particular, aluminum salts. While aluminum is highly effective as an active, there is consumer
`
`10
`
`interest in antiperspirants and deodorants that do not contain aluminum.
`
`Piroctone olamine is an anti-dandruff active used in shampoos, conditioners, and other
`
`treatments. Piroctone olaminecan bean effective antimicrobial, but used aloneas an active, it may
`
`not deliver the hoped for consumer performance. The inventors of the present invention have
`
`found, surprisingly, that the combination of piroctone olamine and other antimicrobials can provide
`
`15
`
`significant antimicrobial activity against two of the most common underarm odor bacteria C.
`
`mucofaciens and S. epidermidis, which results in consumer odorprotection on par or greater than
`
`some of the commonly used commercial deodorants available today.
`
`Also to consideris that impurities can reduce the efficacy of piroctone olamine. Therefore,
`
`there is aneed to develop products that mitigate this phenomenon andprovide higherefficacy. The
`
`20
`
`inventors of the present invention have found that select combinations of chelators and piroctone
`
`olamine, such as in an anhydrous formulation or in particular ratios, can provide significantly
`
`higher levels of anti-fungal activity than either material alone.
`
`Furthermore, while antimicrobials in antiperspirants and deodorants are known to be able
`
`to reduce the microbes on the skin, microbes within hair follicles may still remain and contribute
`
`25
`
`to malodor. The inventors of the present invention have found that piroctone olamine and other
`
`antimicrobial powders, if used at a size that can fit into a hair follicle, can deliver surprisingly
`
`superior antimicrobial activity.
`
`By utilizing piroctone olamine in combination with appropriate antimicrobials, chelators,
`
`and/or at particular particle sizes, the present invention delivers compositions and products with
`
`30
`
`superior antimicrobial performance.
`
`Page 4
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`Page 4
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`

`

`14861P
`
`2
`
`SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
`
`A cosmetic deodorant stick comprising a substituted or unsubstituted 2-pyridinol-N-oxide
`
`material and at least one material selected from the group consisting of hexamidine, magnesium
`
`carbonate, zinc carbonate,
`
`thymol, magnesium hydroxide, dead sea salt, calcium carbonate,
`
`polyvinyl formate, salycilic acid, niacinamide, and combinationsthereof.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`Figure 1 is an illustration of a hair and hair follicle along with larger antimicrobial particles.
`
`Figure 2 is an illustration of a hair and hair follicle along with smaller antimicrobial
`
`10
`
`particles.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
`
`While the specification concludes with claims that particularly point out and distinctly
`
`claim the invention,it is believed the present invention will be better understood from the following
`
`15
`
`description.
`
`The present invention can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the essential
`
`elements andlimitations of the invention described herein, as well any of the additional or optional
`
`ingredients, components, or limitations described herein.
`
`All percentages, parts and ratios are based uponthetotal weight of the compositions of the
`
`20
`
`present invention, unless otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed ingredients
`
`are based on the active level and, therefore do not include carriers or by-products that may be
`
`included in commercially available materials.
`
`The components and/or steps, including those which may optionally be added, of the
`
`various embodiments of the present invention, are described in detail below.
`
`25
`
`All documents cited are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of
`
`any documentis not to be construed as an admissionthat it is prior art with respect to the present
`
`invention.
`
`All ratios are weight ratios unless specifically stated otherwise.
`
`All temperatures are in degrees Celsius, unless specifically stated otherwise.
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`30
`
`Except as otherwise noted, all amounts including quantities, percentages, portions, and
`
`proportions, are understood to be modified by the word “about”, and amounts are not intended to
`
`indicate significant digits.
`
`Except as otherwise noted, the articles
`
`co? ce
`a
`“a”,
`
`“an”, and “the” mean “one or more”.
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`Page 5
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`Page 5
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`

`

`14861P
`
`3
`
`Herein, “comprising” meansthat other steps and other ingredients which do notaffect the
`
`end result can be added. This term encompasses the terms “consisting of” and “consisting
`
`essentially of. The compositions and methods/processes of the present invention can comprise,
`
`consist of, and consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the invention
`
`described herein, as well as any of the additional or optional ingredients, components, steps, or
`
`limitations described herein.
`
`Herein, “effective” means an amount of a subject active high enough to provide a
`
`significant positive modification of the condition to be treated. An effective amountof the subject
`
`active will vary with the particular condition being treated, the severity of the condition, the
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`10
`
`duration of the treatment, the nature of concurrent treatment, and like factors.
`
`The term "anhydrous"as used herein meanssubstantially free of added or free water. From
`
`a formulation standpoint, this means that the anhydrous antiperspirant stick compositions of the
`
`present invention contain less than about 1%, and more specifically zero percent, by weight of free
`
`or added water, other than the water of hydration typically associated with the particulate
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`15
`
`antiperspirant active prior to formulation.
`
`The term "ambient conditions" as used herein refers to surrounding conditions under about
`
`one atmosphere of pressure, at about 50% relative humidity, and at about 25 °C, unless otherwise
`
`specified. All values, amounts, and measurements described herein are obtained under ambient
`
`conditions unless otherwise specified.
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`20
`
`The term “majority” refers to greater than about 51% of the stated component or parameter.
`
`The term “polarity” as used herein is defined by the Hansen Solubility Parameter for
`
`solubility.
`
`“Substantially free of” refers to about 2% or less, about 1% or less, or about 0.1% orless
`
`of a stated ingredient. “Free of” refers to no detectable amountof the stated ingredientor thing.
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`25
`
`The term "volatile" as used herein refers to those materials that have a measurable vapor
`
`pressure at 25 °C. Such vapor pressures typically range from about 0.01 millimeters of Mercury
`
`(mm Hg) to about 6 mmHg, moretypically from about 0.02 mmHgto about 1.5 mmHg; and have
`
`an averageboiling point at one (1) atmosphereof pressure of less than about 250 °C, moretypically
`
`less than about 235 °C. Conversely, the term "non-volatile" refers to those materials that are not
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`30
`
`“volatile” as defined herein.
`
`A. 2-Pyridinol-N-Oxide Materials
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`Page 6
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`Page 6
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`

`

`14861P
`
`4
`
`2-Pyridinol-N-oxide materials suitable for use in this invention include a substituted or
`
`unsubstituted 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material or a salt thereof.
`
`Included within the scope of this
`
`invention are tautomers of this material, e.g., 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone. The substituted or
`
`unsubstituted 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material and its corresponding tautomeric form, 1-hydroxy-
`
`2(1H)-pyridinone, are shown below:
`
`4
`
`R
`
`R?
`
`OH
`
`R!
`
`R2
`
`R*+
`
`N
`
`O
`
`Re A
`
`R2
`
`where R!, R’, R>, R* groups are independently selected from the group consisting of H,Cl,
`
`10
`
`Br, I, F, NO, NO», and (CH2)nG, where each Gis independently selected from the group consisting
`
`of (O)mSO3M?, (O)mCO2M?, (O)mC(O)(R°), (O)mC(OYN(R°R®), (O)mCN, (O)m(R*), and N(R°R®),
`
`where m is 0 or 1, nis an integer from 0 to 4, R° and R° are independently selected from the group
`
`consisting of H and a substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C12 organic group, and M?is selected from
`
`the group consisting of H, a substituted or unsubstituted Ci-Ci2 organic group, *N(R’R'R°R!°),
`
`15
`
`and 1/q M’ %* where M’ is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal of charge q and an
`
`alkaline earth metal of charge q, where R7, R8, R9, and R10 are independently selected from the
`
`group consisting of H and a substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C12 organic group, and where any pair
`
`of vicinal groups, R! and R?, R? and R?, R’ and R* maybetaken together to form anotherfive- or
`
`six-membered aromatic or aliphatic ring optionally substituted with one or more groupsselected
`
`20
`
`from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, F, NO, NOz, CN, (CH2)nG, and mixtures thereof. Suitable
`
`organic groups include (C1-Ci2)alkyl, (C2-Ciz)alkenyl, and (C2-Ciz2)alkynyl. The organic group
`
`may optionally be substituted and suitable substituent groups include a hydroxyl group, a carboxy]
`
`group, and an amino group.
`
`2-pyridinol-N-oxide is also known,
`
`for example,
`
`as 2-
`
`hydroxypyridine-N-oxide, 2-pyridinol-1-oxide, or 2-hydroxypyridine-1-oxide.
`
`25
`
`In certain aspects, the 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material is a 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material or
`
`tautomerthereof according to the formula(s) above, where R!, R’, R*, R* are independently selected
`
`from the group consisting of H, Cl, and (CH2)nG, where G is independently selected from the group
`
`Page 7
`
`Page 7
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`

`

`14861P
`
`5
`
`consisting of (O)mSO3M?, (O)mCO2M?, (O)mC(O)(R°), (O)mCN, and (O)m(R>), where m is 0 or 1.
`
`In other aspects, the 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material is a 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material according to
`
`the formula above, where R', R”, R>, R* are independently selected from the group consisting of
`
`H, SO3M?, and CO2M?.
`
`In still other aspects, R!, R’, R°*, R* are independently selected from the
`
`group consisting of H, SO3M?, and CO2M?, where no more than one R!, R?, R*, Rtis SO3M? or
`
`CO2M?.
`
`In certain aspects,
`
`the 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material
`
`is the salt of a substituted or
`
`unsubstituted 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material. In these aspects, the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group
`
`of the 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material may be substituted with a suitable charge-balancing cation. In
`
`10
`
`these aspects, non-limiting examples of the hydrogen-substituting cation include Na‘, Lit, K*, %
`
`Mg?*, or % Ca’*, substituted ammonium, such as C1-Co alkanolammnonium, mono-ethanolamine
`
`(MEA), tri-ethanolamine (TEA), di-ethanolamine (DEA), or any mixture thereof. In some aspects,
`
`in solution, the cation may be dissociated from the 2-pyridinol-N-oxide or the 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-
`
`pyridinoneanion.
`
`15
`
`In certain aspects, the 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material is of a substituted or unsubstituted 2-
`
`pyridinol-N-oxide material. Salts for use herein include those formed from the polyvalent metals
`
`barium, bismuth, strontium, copper, zinc, cadmium, zirconium and mixtures thereof.
`
`In someaspects, the 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material is selected from the group consistingof:
`
`6-hy droxy-3-pyridinesulfonic acid,
`
`l-oxide (CAS 191672-18-1); 2-hydroxypynidine-1-oxide
`
`20
`
`(CAS 13161-30-3); 2-hydroxy-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid, l-oxide (CAS 13602-64-7); 5-ethoxy-
`
`2-pyridinol, 2-acetate,
`
`l-oxide (CAS 51984-49-7);
`
`1-(3-hydroxy-2-oxido-4-isoquinoliny1)-
`
`ethanone (CAS 65417-65-4); 6-hy droxy-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1-oxide (CAS 90037-89-1); 2-
`
`methoxy-4-quinolinecarbonitrile,
`
`l-oxide (CAS 379722-76-6);, 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid, 6-
`
`hydroxy-, l-oxide (CAS 1094194-45-2); 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, l-oxide (CAS
`
`25
`
`408538-43-2); 2-pyridinol, 3-nitro-, 1-oxide (CAS 282102-08-3); 3-pyridinepropanenitrile, 2-
`
`hydroxy-,
`
`l-oxide (193605-60-6); 3-pyridineethanol, 2-hydroxy-, 3-acetate,
`
`l-oxide (CAS
`
`193605-56-0); 2-pyridinol, 4-bromo-, l-oxide (CAS 170875-41-9); 2-pyridinol, 4,6-dibromo-, 2-
`
`acetate, 1-oxide (CAS 170875-40-8); 2-pyridinol, 4,6-dibromo, 1-oxide (CAS 170875-38-4); 2-
`
`pyridinol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-, 1-oxide (CAS 154403-93-7); 2-pyridinol, 5-(2-aminoethyl)-, 1-oxide
`
`30
`
`(CAS 154403-92-6); 3-pyridinepropanoicacid, a-amino-6-hydroxy-, l1-oxide (CAS 134419-61-7);
`
`2-pyridinol, 3,5-dimethyl, 1-oxide (CAS 102074-62-4); 2-pyridinol, 3-methyl-,
`
`l-oxide (CAS
`
`99969-07-0); 2-pyridinol, 3,5-dinitro, l-oxide (CAS 98136-47-1); 2-pyridinol, 3,5-dibromo-, 1-
`
`oxide (CAS 98136-29-9); 2-pyridinol, 4-methyl-6-(2-methylpropyl)-, 1-oxide (CAS 91408-77-4);
`
`Page 8
`
`Page 8
`
`

`

`14861P
`
`6
`
`2-pyridinol, 3-bromo-4,6-dimethyl-, 1-oxide (CAS 91408-76-3); 2-pyridinol, 4,5,6-trimethyl-, 1-
`
`oxide (CAS 91408-75-2); 2-pyridinol, 6-heptyl-4-methyl-,
`
`l-oxide (CAS 91408-73-0); 2-
`
`pyridinol, 6-(cyclohexylmethy1)-4-methyl-, 1-oxide (CAS 91408-72-9); 2-pyridinol, 6-bromo-, 1-
`
`oxide (CAS 89284-00-4); 2-pynidinol, 5-bromo-, l-oxide (CAS 89283-99-8); 2-pyridinol, 3,5-
`
`dichloro-4,6-difluoro-, 1-oxide (CAS 33693-37-7); 2-pynidinol, 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-, 1-oxide (CAS
`
`32835-63-5); 2-pyridinol, 6-methyl-, 1-oxide (CAS 14420-62-3); 2-pyridinol, 5-nitro-, 1-oxide
`
`(CAS 14396-03-3); 2-pyridinol, 4-methyl-5-nitro-,
`
`l-oxide (CAS 13602-77-2); 2-pyridinol, 4-
`
`chloro-5-nitro-, 1-oxide (CAS 13602-73-8); 2-pyridinol, 4-chloro-, 1-oxide (CAS 13602-65-8); 2-
`
`pyridinol, 4-nitro-, 1-oxide (CAS 13602-63-6); and 2-pyridinol, 4-methyl-, 1-oxide (CAS 1952-
`
`10
`
`64-3), and mixtures thereof. These materials are commercially available from, for example,
`
`Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and/or Aces Pharma (Branford, CT).
`
`In certain aspects, the 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material is a 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material
`
`selected from the group consisting of: 2-hydroxypynidine-1-oxide; 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2-
`
`
`
`
`
`hydroxy-, 1l-oxide;=6-hydroxy-3-pyridinecarboxylic—_acid, l-oxide;=2-hydroxy-4-
`
`15
`
`pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1-oxide; 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid, 6-hydroxy-, 1-oxide; 6-hydroxy-3-
`
`pyridinesulfonic acid, 1-oxide; and mixturesthereof.
`
`In certain aspects,
`
`the 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material
`
`is a 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone
`
`material selected from the group consisting of: 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone (CAS 822-89-9): 1,6-
`
`dihy dro-1-hydroxy-6-oxo-3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid (CAS 677763-18-7); 1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-
`
`20
`2-oxo-4-Pyridinecarboxylic 119736-22-0);—1,6-dihydro-1-hydroxy-6-oxo-2-acid (CAS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Pyridinecarboxylic acid (CAS 94781-89-2); 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-2(1 H)-
`
`Pyridinone
`
`(CAS 50650-76-5);
`
`6-(cyclohexylmethy1)-1-hy droxy-4-methy1l-2(1H)-Pyridinone
`
`(CAS 29342-10-7); 1-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-2(1H)-Pyridinone (CAS 29342-02-7); 1-Hydroxy-4-
`
`methy1-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpenty1)-2-pyridone monoethanolamine (CAS 68890-66-4); 1-hydroxy-
`
`25
`
`6-(octyloxy)-2(1H)-Pyridinone
`
`(CAS
`
` 162912-64-3); —1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-6-cyclohexy]-2-
`
`pyridinone ethanolaminesalt (CAS 41621-49-2); 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-6-cyclohexy1-2-pyridinone
`
`(CAS 29342-05-0); 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid,methyl
`
`ester (CAS 36979-78-9); 1-hydroxy-5-nitro -2(1H)-Pyridinone (CAS 45939-70-6); and mixtures
`
`thereof. These materials are commercially available from, for example, Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis,
`
`30
`
`MO), Princeton Building Blocks
`
`(Monmouth Junction, NJ), 3B Scientific Corporation
`
`(Libertyville, IL), SynFine Research (Richmond Hill, ON), Ryan Scientific, Inc. (Mt. Pleasant,
`
`SC), and/or Aces Pharma(Branford, CT).
`
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`

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`14861P
`
`7
`
`In certain aspects, the 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material is a 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material or
`
`tautomerthereof according to the formula(s) below:
`
`where X is an oxygen or sulfur moiety and R is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group
`
`having between 1 and 20 carbon atoms. Materials of this class can be synthesized following the
`
`procedure disclosed in US 5,675,013.
`
`In certain aspects, the 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material is a 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material or
`
`tautomerthereof according to the formula(s) below:
`R"
`OH
`
`N
`
`Ra
`
`|
`
`N
`
`°
`
`ZA
`
`10
`
`Wherein R’ and R”are independently either hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted
`
`hydrocarbon group having between | and 20 carbon atoms. Materials of this class can be
`
`synthesized following the procedure disclosed in US 5,675,013. In certain aspects, the 2-
`
`pyridinol-N-oxide material is 1-Hydroxy-4-methy1-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpenty1)-2-pyridone
`
`monoethanolaminesalt.
`
`15
`
`The amount of 2-pyridinol-N-oxide (which may throughoutthis disclosure sometimes be
`
`referred to as piroctone olamine) in antiperspirant formulations of the present invention may be
`
`from about 0.04% to about 1.0% by weight, in some embodiments from about 0.05% to about
`
`0.6% by weight, and in some embodiments from about 0.05% to about 0.5% by weight.
`
`20
`
`B. Chelators
`
`In the present invention, iron chelators may have, but are not limited to, the following
`
`characteristics:
`
`1. An affinity for iron ionsin either the ferrous (iron II) or ferric (III) forms;
`
`2. Materials of Description 1 (above) that have a denticity of four or higher (denticity is the
`
`25
`
`numberof groups of a molecule that bind to the iron);
`
`3. Chemical descriptions that are a subset of Description 2:
`
`a. Either natural or synthetic materials;
`
`b. Materials of the following chemical classes:
`
`Page 10
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`

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`14861P
`
`8
`
`1.
`
`il
`
`ill.
`
`Aminophosphates
`
`Aminocarboxylates
`
`Hydroxamic acids
`
`and molecules representing combinations of these chemicalclasses.
`
`5
`
`In an embodimentof the present invention, an iron chelator may be present from the following
`
`groups:
`
`(1) Iron chelators represented by the following structure:
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`where R!!, R? RY, R'+ R are independently selected from the group
`
`consisting of M'M?PO3, CO2M!,and mixtures thereof
`
`where M! and M?is H, a metal salt (such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, etc.) or ammonium salt.
`
`(2) Iron chelators represented by the following structure:
`
`Be
`
`Oo
`Oo
`(CH2)” aNN J Jk (CHa)a
`N
`(CH2)p
`}
`OH
`
`4
`
`O
`Oo
`aN Ot
`(CHo)p
`
`\,
`
`H
`
`(CH2)a
`
`Nn \2RN
`|
`"
`
`H
`
`N
`
`|
`
`OH
`
`whereais an integer from 2 to 7 wherein any of the CH2 groupsin this unit
`
`may besubstituted with alkyl or aryl units that may contain heteroatoms(S,
`
`N, O, Cl, F, Br or DI)
`
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`

`

`14861P
`
`9
`
`whereb is an integer from | to 7 wherein any of the CH2 groupsin this unit
`
`may besubstituted with alkyl or aryl units that may contain heteroatoms(S,
`
`N, O, Cl, F, Br or DI)
`
`where R!° is H or (CH2)n, wherenin an integer from 1 to 6 or is a CH2linker
`
`unit that may be further substituted at any CH2 groupin the chain with alkyl
`
`or aryl units that may contain heteroatoms (S, N, O, Cl, F, Br, or I).
`
`Specific and/or additional chelators in the present invention may include, but are not limited
`
`to, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), diethylenetriaminepentakis (methylenephosphonic
`
`10
`
`acid) (DTPMP), desferrioxamine, their salts and combinations thereof, EDTA, DPTA, EDDS,
`
`enterobactin, desferrioxamine, HBED, and combinations thereof.
`
`While piroctone olamine can be an effective antimicrobial for antiperspirant, the presence
`
`of iron and other impurities may reduce piroctone olamine’s effectiveness. As such, the inventors
`
`of the present invention have found that including a chelant to bond with iron, for example, can
`
`15
`
`reduce the occurence of piroctone olamine itself bonding with the iron, essentially freeing the
`
`piroctone olamineto be effective against bacteria.
`
`This is particularly true in anhydrous formulations.
`
`In an aqueous formulation comprising
`
`piroctone olamineand a chelant, the chelant can improve piroctone olamine’s efficacy because the
`
`chelant should have moreaffinity for the iron than the piroctone olamine has affinity for the iron.
`
`20
`
`In addition, in an anhydrous formulation, withlittle or no water, the water solubility of the materials
`
`comes into play when sweat meets the formulation. Piroctone olaminetypically has a lower water
`
`solubility than a chelant, meaning that in an anhydrous formulation, the chelant’s higher water
`
`solubility results in the chelant more quickly getting into solution and bonding with iron, ie., before
`
`the piroctone olamine gets into solution. This further advantage only exists in an anhydrous
`
`25
`
`formulation, as in an aqueous formulation, everything is fully in solution from the beginning.
`
`Table 1 below showsthe intrinsic water solubility independent of pH (LogWS.) of piroctone
`
`olamine and EDTA as an example. The lower LogWS»of piroctone olamine indicates that it will
`
`get into solution more slowly than a chelant such as EDTA, and the chelant will have more of an
`
`opportunity to bond with iron than the piroctone olaminewill.
`
`30
`
`Page 12
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`

`

`14861P
`
`10
`
`Table 1
`
`
`
`Furthermore, the inventors of the present invention have found that the ratio of chelant to
`
`piroctone olamine is especially important.
`
`In some embodiments, the improved efficacy of a
`
`chelant with piroctone olamine can be seen whentheratio of chelant to piroctoneis at least about
`
`4:1, in some embodimentsat least 6:1, and in some embodiments, at least 8:1.
`
`10
`
`C. Additional Antimicrobials
`
`In addition to piroctone olamine,
`
`the present invention may include other antimicrobial
`
`compositions. For example, other antimicrobials may include, without being limited to,
`
`hexamidine, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, thymol, magnesium hydroxide, dead seasalt
`
`15
`
`(a combination of magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate), calcium carbonate, polyviny!
`
`formate, salycilic acid, niacinamide, phenoxyethanol, eugenol, linolenic acid, dimethyl succinate,
`
`citral,
`
`triethyl citrate, sepiwhite, and combinations thereof.
`
`Any ofthe antimicrobials of the present invention may be used as powders. It is believed that
`
`antimicrobial powders may provide a better deposition and have more longevity on the skin than
`
`20
`
`antimicrobials delivered in a different form. In addition, it is believed that antimicrobial powders
`
`of a certain average particle size, typically from about 1 micron to about 5 microns, may provide a
`
`significant increase in antimicrobial efficacy.
`
`Manyantimicrobials can be effective at minimizing the skin surface bacteria. However, as a
`
`leave-on product where odor may not occuruntil later, even hours after application, antiperspirant
`
`25
`
`antimicrobials are needed that will be effective for long periods of time. So while antiperspirant
`
`antimicrobials may be effective immediately upon application on the skin, it is believed that odor
`
`comesback quickly because the bacteria living aroundthehair follicle can quickly repopulate the
`
`skin surface bacteria. Historical approaches using high skin penetrating liquid antimicrobials to
`
`affect this region (for example, hexanediol) can causeirritation. Therefore, the present invention
`
`30
`
`is able to target methods and mechanismsthat can moreeffectively deliver antimicrobials not only
`
`Page 13
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`

`

`14861P
`
`11
`
`to the skin surface, but to the bacteria in and aroundthehair follicle. While not wanting to be bound
`
`to the theory, the inventors of the present inventor believe that powders, specifically powders with
`
`an averageparticle size of less than about 10 microns, in some cases from about 1 micron to about
`
`5 microns, are moreefficient at getting into the hair follicle where the bacteria live and repopulate
`
`the skin surface.
`
`As shown in Figures | and 2, a hair 100 is partly above the skin surface and partly below the
`
`skin surface in the hair follicle 110. The antimicrobial particles, 50 and 150, upon application, may
`
`be on the surface of the skin at the skin secretion/air/sweat interface 20 and wherethereis bacteria
`
`10. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the sebaceous gland 30 and the apocrine gland 32 in the skin
`
`10
`
`havesecretions that are in the hair follicle 110. Bacteria 12 and odor precursors 40 are embedded
`
`in the secretions.
`
`In Figure 1, the larger antimicrobial particles 50 are too big to fit into the hair
`
`follicle,