I 1111111111111111 1111111111 11111 1111111111 1111111111 11111 111111111111111111
`USO 11540999B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Sturgis et al.
`
`(IO) Patent No.: US 11,540,999 B2
`(45) Date of Patent:
`*Jan. 3, 2023
`
`(54) DEODORANT COMPOSITIONS
`
`(71) Applicant: The Procter & Gamble Company,
`Cincinnati, OH (US)
`
`(72)
`
`Inventors: David Arthur Sturgis, Montgomery,
`OH (US); Lindsey Michelle Britt, West
`Chester, OH (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: The Procter & Gamble Company,
`Cincinnati, OH (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 21 days.
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis(cid:173)
`claimer.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 17/194,437
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Mar. 8, 2021
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2021/0196617 Al
`
`Jul. 1, 2021
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 16/716,542, filed on
`Dec. 17, 2019, now Pat. No. 10,966,915, which is a
`continuation of application No. 16/021,965, filed on
`Jun. 28, 2018, now Pat. No. 10,543,164.
`
`(60)
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`(56)
`
`Provisional application No. 62/647,104, filed on Mar.
`23, 2018, provisional application No. 62/527,180,
`filed on Jun. 30, 2017.
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`Int. Cl.
`A61K 8192
`A61Q 15100
`A61K 8/19
`A61K 8173
`A61K 8137
`A61K 8102
`A61K 8/49
`A61Q 17100
`U.S. Cl.
`CPC .............. A61K 8192 (2013.01); A61K 810229
`(2013.01); A61K 810241 (2013.01); A61K 8/19
`(2013.01); A61K 8137 (2013.01); A61K 81375
`(2013.01); A61K 8/4926 (2013.01); A61K
`81732 (2013.01); A61K 81922 (2013.01); A61Q
`15100 (2013.01); A61K 2800/30 (2013.01);
`A61K 2800/34 (2013.01); A61K 2800/74
`(2013.01); A61Q 17/005 (2013.01)
`Field of Classification Search
`None
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`1, 2016 (Jun. 1, 2016), XP002768345, the whole document, 3 pgs.
`Final Office Action; U.S. Appl. No. 16/716,540 dated Aug. 24, 2020.
`Non-Final Office Action; U.S. Appl. No. 16/021,877 dated May 3,
`2019.
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner - Melissa S Mercier
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm - Kathleen Y Carter
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`A deodorant stick comprising: at least about 25% of a liquid
`triglyceride; at least one antimicrobial; a primary structurant
`with a melting point of at least about 50° C.; and less than
`8% of secondary structurants having a melting point of at
`least about 60° C.; said stick being free of an aluminum salt;
`and said stick having a hardness from about 80 mm*lO to
`about 140 mm*lO, as measured by penetration withASTM
`D-1321 needle.
`
`18 Claims, No Drawings
`
`Petitioner Dr. Squatch
` Ex. 1001
`
`

`

`US 11,540,999 B2
`Page 2
`
`(56)
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`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
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`2020.
`Non-Final Office Action; U.S. Appl. No. 16/716,540 dated May 11,
`2020.
`Non-Final Office Action; U.S. Appl. No. 16/716,542 dated Aug. 4,
`2020.
`Non-Final Office Action; U.S. Appl. No. 17/124,565 dated Mar. 1,
`2022.
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`Notice of Allowance; U.S. Appl. No. 16/021,877 dated Nov. 27,
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`2020.
`Notice of Allowance; U.S. Appl. No. 17/124,565 dated Jun. 20,
`2022.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`

`

`US 11,540,999 B2
`
`1
`DEODORANT COMPOSITIONS
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation of U.S. patent applica(cid:173)
`tion Ser. No. 16/716,542, filed on Dec. 17, 2019, which is a
`continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/021,965,
`filed Jun. 28, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provi(cid:173)
`sional Application No. 62/647,104, filed Mar. 23, 2018, and
`of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/527,180, filed Jun.
`30, 2017.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present disclosure relates to deodorant compositions
`and methods relating thereto.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`15
`
`Many consumers are seeking more natural, aluminum(cid:173)
`free deodorant offerings, often mostly free of silicones.
`Consumers also want a good glide, non-sticky, and non(cid:173)
`greasy application. This is a challenge, because a mostly
`silicone-free formula will often use natural oils or natural
`oil-based triglycerides. But often natural oils, such as coco(cid:173)
`nut oil, bring a large portion of wax with them, often making
`the resulting deodorant sticks too hard to meet a more
`preferable product application for both shaven and unshaven
`underarms. They are also often undesirably greasy due to the 30
`non-volatile nature.
`Thus there remains a challenge to formulate an alumi(cid:173)
`num-free, mostly silicone-free deodorant stick that is not too
`hard.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`A deodorant stick comprising: at least about 25% of a
`liquid triglyceride; at least one antimicrobial; a primary
`structurant with a melting point at least about 50° C.; and 40
`less than 8% of secondary structurants having a melting
`point of at least about 60° C.; said stick being free of an
`aluminum salt; and said stick having a hardness from about
`80 mm*l0 to about 140 mm*l0, as measured by penetration
`with ASTM D-1321 needle.
`
`2
`All documents cited are, in relevant part, incorporated
`herein by reference; the citation of any document is not to be
`construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to
`the present invention.
`All ratios are weight ratios unless specifically stated
`otherwise.
`All temperatures are in degrees Celsius, unless specifi(cid:173)
`cally stated otherwise.
`Except as otherwise noted, all amounts including quan-
`10 tities, percentages, portions, and proportions, are understood
`to be modified by the word "about", and amounts are not
`intended to indicate significant digits.
`Except as otherwise noted, the articles "a", "an", and
`"the" mean "one or more".
`Herein, "comprising" means that other steps and other
`ingredients which do not affect the end result can be added.
`This term encompasses the terms "consisting of' and "con(cid:173)
`sisting essentially of'. The compositions and methods/pro(cid:173)
`cesses of the present invention can comprise, consist of, and
`20 consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations
`of the invention described herein, as well as any of the
`additional or optional ingredients, components, steps, or
`limitations described herein.
`Herein, "effective" means an amount of a subject active
`25 high enough to provide a significant positive modification of
`the condition to be treated. An effective amount of the
`subject active will vary with the particular condition being
`treated, the severity of the condition, the duration of the
`treatment, the nature of concurrent treatment, and like
`factors.
`The term "anhydrous" as used herein means substantially
`free of added or free water. From a formulation standpoint,
`this means that the anhydrous deodorant stick compositions
`of the present invention contain less than about 1 %, and
`35 more specifically zero percent, by weight of free or added
`water, other than the water of hydration typically associated
`with the particulate deodorant active prior to formulation.
`The term "ambient conditions" as used herein refers to
`surrounding conditions under about one atmosphere of pres(cid:173)
`sure, at about 50% relative humidity, and at about 25° C.,
`unless otherwise specified. All values, amounts, and mea-
`surements described herein are obtained under ambient
`conditions unless otherwise specified.
`The term "majority" refers to greater than about 51 % of
`45 the stated component or parameter.
`"Substantially free of' refers to about 2% or less, about
`1 % or less, or about 0.1 % or less of a stated ingredient. "Free
`of' refers to no detectable amount of the stated ingredient or
`thing.
`The term "volatile" as used herein refers to those mate(cid:173)
`rials that have a measurable vapor pressure at 25° C. Such
`vapor pressures typically range from about 0.01 millimeters
`of Mercury (mm Hg) to about 6 mmHg, more typically from
`about 0.02 mmHg to about 1.5 mmHg; and have an average
`boiling point at one (1) atmosphere of pressure of less than
`about 250° C., more typically less than about 235° C.
`Conversely, the term "non-volatile" refers to those materials
`that are not "volatile" as defined herein.
`As consumers seek more natural ingredients in their
`60 deodorants, one approach to formulation is to use emollients
`derived from natural oils. Emollients derived from natural
`oils are derived from plant sources, such as palm oil or
`coconut oil. One example of an emollient derived from
`natural oils may be a liquid triglyceride, defined as liquid at
`25° C. Thus, products that hope to emphasize natural ingre(cid:173)
`dients may have a significant amount of a liquid triglyceride,
`for example.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`
`While the specification concludes with claims that par- 50
`ticularly point out and distinctly claim the invention, it is
`believed the present invention will be better understood
`from the following description.
`The present invention can comprise, consist of, or consist
`essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the 55
`invention described herein, as well any of the additional or
`optional ingredients, components, or limitations described
`herein.
`All percentages, parts and ratios are based upon the total
`weight of the compositions of the present invention, unless
`otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed
`ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore do
`not include carriers or by-products that may be included in
`commercially available materials.
`The components and/or steps, including those which may 65
`optionally be added, of the various embodiments of the
`present invention, are described in detail below.
`
`

`

`US 11,540,999 B2
`
`4
`3
`In order to provide structure to the deodorant stick com(cid:173)
`The primary structurant in the present invention may have
`position, the formulation may also include a number of
`a melting point of at least about 50° C., in some embodi(cid:173)
`ments from about 50° C. to about 70° C., and in other
`waxes and other structurants. However, the structurants used
`embodiments from about 50° C. to about 7 5° C., and in other
`may lead to deodorant sticks that are very hard. For example,
`a currently marketed product, Comparative Formula 1
`embodiments from about 60° C. to 80° C. A primary
`below, has 34.15% liquid triglyceride, along with a number
`structurant is defined as the structurant that is present in the
`of structurants, resulting in a very hard stick, scoring 63 on
`composition in the greatest amount (liquid triglycerides are
`a needle penetration test under ASTM D-1321 (as described
`not considered a structurant in this context). Some embodi(cid:173)
`herein). So while Comparative Formula 1 uses consumer(cid:173)
`ments may have just a single structurant, so may have only
`preferred natural ingredients, it does not necessarily provide 10 a primary structurant. Other embodiments may have a
`a good consumer experience when used, given its hardness.
`primary structurant and then secondary structurants, those
`structurants that are used in a lesser amount than the primary
`Comparative Formula 2 contains even higher levels of
`structurant.
`structurants, resulting in a harder stick with an even lower
`The primary structurant may comprise from about 5% to
`hardness score. In comparison, Inventive Examples 1-5,
`about 20%, in some cases 7-17% of the deodorant stick. The
`while comprising consumer-preferred natural ingredients, 15
`have higher hardness scores, meaning they are softer prod-
`secondary structurants may cumulatively comprise about
`ucts.
`12% or less, or about 8% or less of the deodorant stick, in
`
`TABLE 1
`
`Inventive
`Comparative Comparative Example
`Formula 1
`Formula 2
`1
`
`Inventive
`Example
`2
`
`Inventive
`Example
`3
`
`Inventive
`Example
`4
`
`Inventive
`Example
`5
`
`63
`
`56
`
`97
`
`90
`
`117
`
`86
`
`85
`
`43.4
`
`19
`
`11.5
`
`44.7
`
`23
`
`10.7
`
`12
`
`12
`
`34.15
`
`31.15
`
`23
`
`12
`
`12
`
`4.75
`2.5
`
`23
`
`12
`
`4
`12
`
`4.75
`3.5
`
`2
`
`2
`4.5
`
`2
`4.5
`
`2
`4.5
`
`2
`4.5
`
`42.7
`
`46.9
`
`46.15
`
`23
`
`10.7
`1.5
`
`19
`
`11
`
`11.75
`
`12.0
`
`2
`4.5
`
`0.6
`
`0.6
`
`0.6
`4
`
`0.6
`
`0.6
`
`0.6
`4
`
`0.6
`4
`19.0
`
`Hardness
`(Penetration
`mm* 10)
`Caprylic/Capric
`Triglyceride
`Arrowroot
`Powder
`Stearyl Alcohol
`Ozokerite
`Castor Wax
`Baking Soda
`Magnesium
`Hydroxide
`Shea Butter
`Coconut Oil
`Polyglycerol-3
`Beeswax
`Jojo ba Esters
`70
`Glyceryl
`Caprylate (and)
`Glyceryl
`Undecylenate
`Perfwnes
`Cyclodextrin
`Tapioca Starch
`
`It is known that to formulate a solid antiperspirant or
`deodorant stick, the structurants generally have a melting
`point above 50° C. to provide a stable structure to the stick.
`The present inventors have discovered that a deodorant stick
`having at least about 25% of a liquid triglyceride, and that
`uses a primary structurant that has a melting point of at least
`about 50° C., in some embodiments from about 50° C. to 70°
`C. and in still other embodiments from about 50° C. to about
`75° C., while limiting the amount of secondary structurants
`having a melting point of at least about 60° C. to 8% or less,
`can result in a deodorant stick with a hardness from about 80
`mm*l0 to about 140 mm*l0. Such a deodorant stick is able
`to comprise consumer-perceived natural ingredients, while
`offering a pleasant consumer experience in terms of its
`hardness.
`A. Structurants
`The deodorant compos1t10ns of the present invention
`comprise a suitable concentration of structurants to help
`provide the compositions with the desired viscosity, rheol(cid:173)
`ogy, texture and/or product hardness, or to otherwise help
`suspend any dispersed solids or liquids within the compo-
`sition.
`
`50
`
`some embodiments less than about 5%, less than about 3%,
`or less than about 1 % of the deodorant stick. In some
`embodiments, the deodorant stick may be free of or sub(cid:173)
`stantially free of any secondary structurants
`In some embodiments, some secondary structurants may
`have a melting point less than 60° C., and then remaining
`secondary structurants have a melting point of at least about
`60° C. The percentage of secondary structurants having a
`55 melting point less than 60° C. may not be as significant as
`the percentage of secondary structurants having a melting
`point of at least about 60° C., as the higher melting struc(cid:173)
`turants are what contribute more to the hardness of the
`deodorant stick. So in some embodiments, the secondary
`60 structurants having a melting point of at least about 60° C.
`may cumulatively comprise 8% or less of the deodorant
`stick, in some embodiments less than about 5% of the
`deodorant stick, less than about 3% of the deodorant stick,
`or less than about 1 % of the deodorant stick. In some
`65 embodiments, the deodorant stick may be free of or sub(cid:173)
`stantially free of any secondary structurants having a melt(cid:173)
`ing point of at least about 60° C.
`
`

`

`US 11,540,999 B2
`
`6
`5
`The term "structurant" as used herein means any material
`(Guskey et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,891,424 (Bretzler et al.),
`the descriptions of which are incorporated herein by refer(cid:173)
`known or otherwise effective in providing suspending, gell(cid:173)
`ence.
`ing, viscosifying, solidifying, and/or thickening properties to
`Non-limiting examples of suitable additional structurants
`the composition or which otherwise provide structure to the
`include stearyl alcohol and other fatty alcohols; hydroge(cid:173)
`final product form.
`nated castor wax (e.g., Castorwax MPS0, Castor Wax, etc.);
`Waxes with melting points between 50° C. and 70° C.
`hydrocarbon waxes include paraffin wax, beeswax, car(cid:173)
`include Japan wax, lemon wax, grapefruit wax, beeswax,
`nauba, candelilla, spermaceti wax, ozokerite, ceresin, bay(cid:173)
`ceresine, paraffin, hydrogenated jojoba, ethylene glycol dis(cid:173)
`sberry, synthetic waxes such as Fisher-Tropsch waxes, and
`tearate, stearyl stearate, palmityl stearate, stearyl behenate,
`microcrystalline wax; polyethylenes with molecular weight
`cetearyl behenate, hydrogenated high erucic acid rapeseed 10
`of 200 to 1000 daltons; and solid triglycerides; behenyl
`oil, and stearyl alcohol.
`alcohol, or combinations thereof.
`Waxes with melting points above 70° C. include ozoker-
`Other non-limiting examples of additional structurants
`ite, candelilla, carnauba, espartograss, cork wax, guaruma,
`suitable for use herein are described in U.S. Pat. No.
`rice oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury, montan ester wax,
`5,976,514 (Guskey et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,891,424
`sunflower wax, shellac, ozocerite, microcrystalline wax, 15
`(Bretzler et al.).
`sasol wax, polyethylenes, polymethylenes, ethylene glycol
`B. Emollients
`dipalmitate, ethylene glycol di(l 2-hydroxystearate ), behe-
`As discussed, an effective and consumer-preferred emol(cid:173)
`nyl behenate, glyceryl tribehenate, hydrogenated castor oil
`lient may be a liquid triglyceride. Derived directly from
`(castor wax), and behenyl alcohol.
`plant sources, they are often short chains. Longer chain
`Waxes with melting points that could vary and possibly 20
`triglycerides may be used as structurants in deodorant or
`fall into either of the two previous groups ( depending on
`antiperspirant sticks, but the triglycerides of the present
`factors such as chain length) include C18-C36 triglyceride,
`Fischer-Tropsch waxes, silicone waxes, C30-50 alkyl bees(cid:173)
`invention are liquid at room temperature (25° C.) and tend
`to be shorter chains. An example may be caprylic/capric
`wax, C20-40 alkyl erucates, ClS-38 alkyl hydroxy steamy!
`triglyceride ( coconut oil fractionated).
`stearates, C20-40 dialkyl esters of dimer acids, Cl 6-40 alkyl 25
`The present inventive deodorant sticks may comprise at
`stearates, C20-40 alkyl stearates, cetyl ester wax, and sper-
`least about 25% of one or more liquid triglyceride, in some
`maceti.
`embodiments, at least about 30%, at least 35%, at least about
`Suitable gelling agents include fatty acid gellants such as
`40%, at least about 45%, or at least about 50% liquid
`fatty acid and hydroxyl or alpha hydroxyl fatty acids, having
`30 triglyceride, by weight of the composition. In some embodi(cid:173)
`from about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms, and ester and
`ments, the deodorant stick comprises from about 25% to
`amides of such gelling agents. Non-limiting examples of
`about 60%, by weight of the composition, of one or more
`such gelling agents include, but are not limited to, 12-hy(cid:173)
`liquid triglyceride, from about 25% to about 50%, from
`droxystearic acid, 12-hydroxylauric acid, 16-hydroxyhexa(cid:173)
`about 30% to about 50%, from about 35% to about 60%,
`decanoic acid, behenic acid, eurcic acid, stearic acid,
`35 from about 35% to about 50%, from about 40% to about
`caprylic acid, !auric acid, isostearic acid, and combinations
`60%, or from about 40% to about 50%, by weight of the
`thereof. Preferred gelling agents are 12-hydroxystearic acid,
`composition, of one or more liquid triglyceride. In general,
`esters of 12-hydroxystearic acid, amides of 12-hydrox(cid:173)
`the greater amount ofliquid in the formulation, the softer the
`ystearic acid and combinations thereof.
`deodorant stick may be. The more solids in the formulation
`These solid structurants include gelling agents, and poly(cid:173)
`40 leads to greater hardness. Because achieving a sufficient
`meric or non-polymeric or inorganic thickening or viscosi(cid:173)
`softness in a deodorant stick with natural ingredients can be
`fying agents. Such materials will typically be solids under
`a challenge, it can be beneficial to formulate with higher
`ambient conditions and include organic solids, crystalline or
`amounts of liquids such as liquid triglyceride. The level of
`other gellants, inorganic particulates such as clays or silicas,
`liquid triglyceride as referred to herein may be the sum total
`or combinations thereof.
`The concentration and type of solid structurant selected 45 of one or more types of liquid triglyceride in a particular
`for use in the deodorant compositions will vary depending
`deodorant stick.
`In some embodiments, additional emollients may be used,
`upon the desired product hardness, rheology, and/or other
`related product characteristics. For most structurants suit(cid:173)
`such as plant oils (generally used at less than 10%) including
`able for use herein, the total structurant concentration ranges
`olive oil, coconut oil, sunflower seed oil, jojoba seed oil,
`from about 5% to about 35%, more typically from about 50
`avocado oil, canola oil, and com oil. Additional emollients
`10% to about 30%, or from about 7% to about 20%, by
`including mineral oil; shea butter, PPG-14 butyl ether;
`weight of the composition.
`isopropyl myristate; petrolatum; butyl stearate; cetyl octano(cid:173)
`Non-limiting examples of suitable primary structurants
`ate; butyl myristate; myristyl myristate; Cl2-15 alkylben(cid:173)
`include stearyl alcohol and other fatty alcohols; hydroge(cid:173)
`zoate ( e.g., Finsolv™); octyldodecanol; isostearyl isostear(cid:173)
`nated castor wax ( e.g., Castorwax MPS0, Castor Wax, etc.); 55
`ate; octododecyl benzoate; isostearyl lactate; isostearyl
`hydrocarbon waxes include paraffin wax, beeswax, car(cid:173)
`palmitate; isobutyl stearate; dimethicone, and any mixtures
`nauba, candelilla, spermaceti wax, ozokerite, ceresin, bay(cid:173)
`thereof.
`sberry, synthetic waxes such as Fisher-Tropsch waxes, and
`C. Antimicrobials
`microcrystalline wax; polyethylenes with molecular weight
`The present invention may include one or more antimi(cid:173)
`of 200 to 1000 daltons; solid triglycerides; behenyl alcohol, 60
`crobial compositions. For example, antimicrobials may
`include, without being limited to, baking soda, hexamidine,
`or combinations thereof. The deodorant stick may further
`magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, thymol, magnesium
`comprise one or more structural elements selected from the
`hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate
`group consisting of waxes, natural oils, coconut oil, frac(cid:173)
`hydroxide ( dead sea salt), partially carbonated magnesium
`tionated coconut oil, jojoba seed oil, olive oil, soybean oil,
`65 hydroxide, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magne(cid:173)
`sunflower oil, and combinations thereof.
`Other non-limiting examples of primary structurants suit(cid:173)
`sium carbonate hydroxide, cinnamon essential oil, cinnamon
`bark essential oil, cinnamic aldehyde, polyvinyl formate,
`able for use herein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,514
`
`

`

`US 11,540,999 B2
`
`8
`exposed to extreme pH or heat. This is why many natural
`and essential oils have shorter shelf lives than many com(cid:173)
`mercial synthetic chemicals or perfumes. And certain anti(cid:173)
`microbials may cause irritation due to high water solubility.
`Further, high water solubility can lead to grittier products as
`the more water soluble powders can agglomerate when
`exposed to moisture released from powders during the heat
`of manufacture.
`Thus, embodiments of the present invention may include
`an antimicrobial with a low water solubility. An antimicro(cid:173)
`bial with a low water solubility may be, in some embodi(cid:173)
`ments, an antimicrobial with a water solubility of at most 90
`g/~ at 2_5° C., in other embodiments at most 75 g/L at 25° C.,
`or m still other embodiments at most 50 g/L at 25° C.
`Materials with a water solubility above 90 g/L @25° C.
`include but are not limited to: potassium carbonate, potas(cid:173)
`sium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbon(cid:173)
`ate, triethyl citrate, and baking soda. Materials with a water
`solubility below 90 g/L @25° C. include but are not limited
`to: beryllium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium car(cid:173)
`bonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and
`magnesium carbonate hydroxide, partially carbonated mag(cid:173)
`nesium hydroxide, piroctone olamine, hexamidine, zinc
`carbonate, thymol, polyvinyl formate, salycilic acid, phe(cid:173)
`noxyethanol, eugenol, linolenic acid, dimethyl succinate,
`citral, and triethyl citrate. Each of beryllium carbonate,
`magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium
`hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate
`h!'droxide, partially carbonated magnesium hydroxide,
`p1roctone olamine, hexamidine, zinc carbonate, thymol,
`polyvinyl formate, salycilic acid, phenoxyethanol, eugenol,
`linolenic acid, dimethyl succinate, and citral have a water
`solubility below 75 g/L @25° C., below 50 g/L @25° C.,
`below 1 g/L @25° C., and below 0.2 g/L @25° C.
`D. Antimicrobial Activity
`Table 2 below shows the raw material microbial inhibition
`concentration data tested against two key underarm bacteria
`strains. As can be seen, the first three listed antimicrobials
`lupamin, hexamidine, and piroctone olamine, perform par~
`ticularly well against the bacteria as raw materials. Also
`performing well as raw materials are phenoxyethanol, euge(cid:173)
`nol, linolenic acid, dimethyl succinate, citral, triethyl citrate,
`and sepiwhite. Also performing moderately well against the
`bacteria as raw materials were magnesium carbonate/mag(cid:173)
`nesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate.
`
`7
`salycilic acid, niacinamide, phenoxyethanol, eugenol, lino(cid:173)
`lenic acid, dimethyl succinate, citral, triethyl citrate, sep(cid:173)
`iwhite, an substituted or unsubstituted 2-pyridinol-N-oxide
`material (piroctone olamine ), and combinations thereof. The
`deodorant stick may be free of or substantially free of a
`substituted or unsubstituted 2-pyridinol-N-oxide material.
`In general, the total amount of antimicrobial used in the
`pre_sent invention may be from about 0.1 % to about 30%, by
`weight, of the deodorant. Some antimicrobials may be used
`in amounts as low as about 0.1 %, by weight of the deodorant 10
`stick, such as if using piroctone olamine or hexamidine as
`the primary antimicrobial, while others could be as high as
`about 25% if using magnesium hydroxide or magnesium
`hydroxide and magnesium carbonate hydroxide as the pri(cid:173)
`mary antimicrobial (primary antimicrobial being the anti- 15
`microbial present in the composition in the highest amount).
`In the latter cases, baking soda might still be used at a lower
`level, such as from about 0.1 % to about 6%, as a secondary
`antimicrobial, or not at all.
`Any of the antimicrobials of the present invention may be 20
`used as powders. It is believed that antimicrobial powders
`may provide a better deposition and have more longevity on
`the skin than antimicrobials delivered in a different form. In
`addition, it is believed that antimicrobial powders of a
`certain average particle size, typically from about 1 micron 25
`to about 5 microns, may provide a significant increase in
`antimicrobial efficacy.
`Many antimicrobials can be effective at minimizing the
`skin surface bacteria. However, as a leave-on product where
`odor may not occur until later, even hours after application, 30
`deodorant antimicrobials are needed that will be effective for
`long periods of time. So while deodorant antimicrobials may
`be effective immediately upon application on the skin, it is
`believed that odor comes back quickly because the bacteria
`living around the hair follicle can quickly repopulate the 35
`skin surface bacteria. Historical approaches using high skin
`penetrating liquid antimicrobials to affect this region (for
`example, hexanediol) can cause irritation. Therefore, the
`present invention may target methods and mechanisms that
`can more effectively deliver antimicrobials not only to the 40
`skin surface, but to the bacteria in and around the hair
`follicle. While not wanting to be bound to the theory, the
`inve~tors of the present inventor believe that powders,
`specifically powders with an average particle size of less
`than about 10 microns, in some cases from about 1 micron 45
`to about 5 microns, are more efficient at getting into the hair
`follicle where the bacteria live and repopulate the skin
`surface. In some embodiments, the antimicrobials may be a
`combination of larger sized particles and smaller particles
`that are from 1 to 10 microns. As noted above, solids such 50 Antimicrobial
`----------------=---(cid:173)
`as powders can impact the overall hardness of the deodorant
`stick. In general, greater amounts of powders and structur(cid:173)
`ants increase the deodorant stick's hardness.
`The present inventors have discovered that the water
`solubilities of certain components in the solid stick deodor- 55
`ant have great importance. Some deodorant ingredients will
`bring in moisture to the batch, which can solvate these
`components to different extents when the water evaporates
`and subsequently recondenses as free water in the batch.
`Certain batch processing conditions ( such as a closed top on 60
`the tank) could more effectively trap this water in the tank,
`where it is then free to interact with components of the batch.
`For example, highly water soluble alkaline powders can
`contribute negatively towards natural and essential oil sta(cid:173)
`bility when dissolved. This is because many natural and 65
`essential oils contain a broad range of perfume chemicals,
`many of which can undergo degradation reactions when
`
`TABLE 2
`
`C.
`mucofaciens
`
`Lupamin
`Hexamidine 36 mg/ml H2O
`100 mg/ml piroctone olamine in H2O
`100% Phenoxyetbanol
`Eugena!