U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`_________________________________________________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`_________________________________________________
`
`
`SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
`AMERICA, INC.
`Petitioners
`
`v.
`
`MAXELL LTD.
`Patent Owner
`
`
`
`Inter Partes Review No.: IPR2024-00907
`
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF U.S. PATENT
`NO. 10,129,590 UNDER 35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319 AND 37 C.F.R. §§ 42.1-100, ET
`SEQ
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`Page
`
`INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1
`I.
`STATEMENT OF PRECISE RELIEF REQUESTED .................................. 1
`II.
`III. THE ’590 PATENT ........................................................................................ 1
`A. Overview .............................................................................................. 1
`B. Overview of the File History ................................................................ 2
`C.
`Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art ...................................................... 3
`D.
`Claim Construction Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(3) .......................... 3
`IV. PRIOR ART REFERENCES ......................................................................... 4
`A.
`EX1008 (“Dua”) ................................................................................... 4
`B.
`EX1009 (“Herle”) ................................................................................. 5
`C.
`EX1010 (“N93”) ................................................................................... 5
`D.
`EX1011 (“Rooyen”) ............................................................................. 5
`E.
`EX1012 (“Desai”) ................................................................................ 5
`F.
`EX1014 (“BT-Spec”) ........................................................................... 5
`G.
`EX1015 (“3GPP-Spec”) ....................................................................... 5
`H.
`EX1013 (“Kao”) ................................................................................... 6
`I.
`Analogous Art ...................................................................................... 6
`LEGAL STANDARD FOR OBVIOUSNESS ............................................... 6
`V.
`VI. OVERVIEW OF THE GROUNDS AND FOUR RADIOS .......................... 7
`A. Grounds ................................................................................................ 7
`B.
`Four Radios .......................................................................................... 8
`VII. GROUND 1: N93, DUA, AND HERLE ........................................................ 9
`A.
`Combination Rationale ......................................................................... 9
`B.
`Claim 1 ............................................................................................... 18
`C.
`Claim 4 ............................................................................................... 40
`D.
`Claim 5 ............................................................................................... 42
`E.
`Claim 8 ............................................................................................... 45
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`Claim 9 ............................................................................................... 45
`F.
`Claim 10 ............................................................................................. 46
`G.
`Claim 11 ............................................................................................. 47
`H.
`Claim 12 ............................................................................................. 49
`I.
`Claim 14 ............................................................................................. 49
`J.
`Claim 15 ............................................................................................. 49
`K.
`Claim 16 ............................................................................................. 49
`L.
`M. Claim 17 ............................................................................................. 49
`N.
`Claim 18 ............................................................................................. 50
`O.
`Claim 19 ............................................................................................. 50
`P.
`Claim 20 ............................................................................................. 50
`Q.
`Claim 21 ............................................................................................. 50
`R.
`Claim 22 ............................................................................................. 51
`S.
`Claim 23 ............................................................................................. 51
`T.
`Claim 24 ............................................................................................. 53
`U.
`Claim 25 ............................................................................................. 53
`VIII. GROUND 2: N93, DUA, HERLE, ROOYEN, DESAI, BT-SPEC,
`3GPP-SPEC, AND KAO .............................................................................. 53
`A.
`Combination Rationale ....................................................................... 53
`B. Overview and Incorporation from Ground 1 ..................................... 56
`C.
`Claim 1 ............................................................................................... 57
`D.
`Claim 22 ............................................................................................. 59
`IX. GROUND 3: DUA AND HERLE ............................................................... 60
`A.
`Combination Rationale ....................................................................... 60
`B. Overview and Incorporation from Ground 1 ..................................... 60
`C.
`Claim 1 ............................................................................................... 60
`D.
`Claim 4 ............................................................................................... 63
`E.
`Claim 5 ............................................................................................... 63
`F.
`Claim 8 ............................................................................................... 64
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`Claim 9 ............................................................................................... 64
`G.
`Claim 10 ............................................................................................. 65
`H.
`Claims 11-12, 14-16 ........................................................................... 65
`I.
`Claim 17 ............................................................................................. 65
`J.
`Claims 18-22 ...................................................................................... 65
`K.
`Claim 23 ............................................................................................. 65
`L.
`M. Claims 24-25 ...................................................................................... 66
`X. GROUND 4: DUA, HERLE, N93............................................................... 66
`A.
`Combination Rationale ....................................................................... 66
`B. Overview and Incorporation from Ground 1 ..................................... 70
`C.
`Claim 1 ............................................................................................... 70
`D.
`Claim 4 ............................................................................................... 71
`E.
`Claim 5 ............................................................................................... 71
`F.
`Claim 8 ............................................................................................... 71
`G.
`Claim 9 ............................................................................................... 71
`H.
`Claim 10 ............................................................................................. 72
`I.
`Claims 11-12, 14-16 ........................................................................... 72
`J.
`Claim 17 ............................................................................................. 72
`K.
`Claims 18-22 ...................................................................................... 72
`L.
`Claim 23 ............................................................................................. 72
`M. Claims 24-25 ...................................................................................... 73
`XI. GROUND 5: DUA, HERLE, N93, ROOYEN, DESAI, BT-SPEC,
`3GPP-SPEC, AND KAO .............................................................................. 73
`A.
`Combination Rationale ....................................................................... 73
`B. Overview and Incorporation from Grounds 1-4................................. 73
`XII. DISCRETIONARY DENIAL IS NOT WARRANTED .............................. 73
`A.
`35 U.S.C. § 314(a) Analysis ............................................................... 73
`B.
`35 U.S.C. § 325(b) Analysis .............................................................. 74
`XIII. COMPLIANCE WITH FORMAL REQUIREMENTS ............................... 74
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`A. Mandatory Notices Under 37 C.F.R. §§ 42.8(b)(1)-(4) ..................... 74
`B.
`Standing .............................................................................................. 76
`XIV. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 76
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`INDEX OF EXHIBITS
`
`
`1008
`1009
`1010
`1011
`1012
`1013
`1014
`1015
`
`Exhibit No. Description
`1001
`Reserved
`1002
`Declaration of Chuck Creusere
`1003
`File History of 11,445,241 (17/568,166)
`1004
`U.S. Pat. No. 10,129,590 (with reexamination certificate)
`1005
`File History of 10,129,590 (15/208,886)
`1006
`File History of the Reexamination of 10,129,590 (90/014,651)
`1007
`Declaration of Nathaniel E Frank-White, records request processor
`at the Internet Archive, attesting authenticity and public
`availability of EX1010, EX1014, EX1015, EX1018
`US 2006/0258289 (“Dua”)
`US 7,149,508 (“Herle”)
`Nokia N93 User Guide (“N93”)
`US 2006/0128332 (“Rooyen”)
`US 2006/0274704 (“Desai”)
`US 2004/0264600 (“Kao”)
`Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR (“BT-Spec”)
`3GPP TS 36.211 V0.2.1 (2006-11) Technical Specification
`(“3GPP-Spec”)
`Jan 11, 2024, Infringement Contentions for ’241 Patent
`RM-55 (Nokia N93) SAR Compliance Test Report
`News article published on May 15, 2006, on
`www.mobiletracker.net
`WO 00/48373 (“Rinne”)
`US 2005/0280471 (“Matsushita”)
`US 2007/0116292 (“Kurita”)
`Bluetooth Video Distribution Profile (“VDP”)
`US 2007/0275704 (“Terai”)
`March 7, 2024, Infringement Contentions for the ’590 Patent
`
`1016
`1017
`1018
`
`1019
`1020
`1021
`1022
`1023
`1024
`
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`CHART OF CLAIMS
`[1pre] A video processing apparatus, comprising:
`[1a] a first radio communication circuit implementing a first transmission
`scheme having a first modulation scheme and a first transmission frequency
`band, the first radio communication circuit capable of transmitting video
`information by radio or receiving information by radio using the first
`transmission frequency band;
`[1b] a second radio communication circuit implementing a second transmission
`scheme having a second modulation scheme different from the first modulation
`scheme and a second transmission frequency band different from the first
`transmission frequency band, the second radio communication circuit capable of
`connecting by radio to an internet or a home network to transmit and receive
`information using the second transmission frequency band;
`[1c] a third radio communication circuit capable of transmitting information and
`using a third transmission frequency band;
`[1d] an imaging circuit capable of receiving video information and still picture
`information via an optical system;
`[1e] a compression circuit compressing the still picture information using a first
`type of compression method and the video information using a second type of
`compression method;
`[1f] an input device capable of receiving a user indication;
`[1g] an accumulation circuit capable of accumulating video information received
`by the imaging circuit after the video information is compressed by the
`compression circuit; and
`[1h] a controller controlling assignment of connection of each of the first,
`second, and third radio communication circuits,
`[1i] wherein the first radio communication circuit can transmit video information
`accumulated in the accumulation circuit to an external device by radio,
`[1j] wherein the controller controls assignment of connection for each of the first
`and second radio communication circuit in response to receiving an indication
`from a user such that when an indication from the user indicates to transmit
`video information using the first radio communication circuit, the controller
`assigns a connection to the first radio communication circuit for transmitting the
`video information,
`[1k] wherein the controller controls each of the first and second radio
`communication circuit so that the first radio communication circuit transmits
`video information and the second radio communication circuit connects to the
`internet or the home network simultaneously, and
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`[1l] wherein the second or third radio communication circuits receive a signal
`from the internet indicating that an update for an operating system of the video
`processing apparatus is available, and the video processing apparatus executes an
`update process such that an updated operating system of the video processing
`apparatus is stored in the video processing apparatus after execution of the
`update process.
`[4pre] The video processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a
`radio interface capable of receiving video information by radio
`[4a] wherein the accumulation circuit accumulates the video information
`received via the radio interface, and
`[4b] the first radio communication circuit is further capable of transmitting the
`accumulated video information
`[5pre] A display apparatus, comprising:
`[5a] a first radio communication circuit implementing a first transmission
`scheme having a first modulation scheme and a first transmission frequency
`band, the first radio communication circuit capable of receiving video
`information by radio or transmitting information by radio using the first
`transmission frequency band;
`[5b] a second radio communication circuit implementing a second transmission
`scheme having a second modulation scheme different from the first modulation
`scheme and a second transmission frequency band different from the first
`transmission frequency band, the second radio communication circuit capable of
`connecting by radio to an internet or a home network to transmit and receive
`information using the second transmission frequency band;
`[5c] a third radio communication circuit capable of transmitting information and
`using a third transmission frequency band;
`[5d] a compression circuit capable of implementing a plurality of compression
`schemes including a first compression scheme, the compression circuit
`compressing the video information received by the first radio communication
`circuit using the first compression scheme;
`[5e] a display capable of displaying the information received by the first radio
`communication circuit or the second radio communication circuit; and
`[5f] a controller controlling assignment of connection of each of the first, second,
`and third radio communication circuits,
`[5g] wherein the controller controls assignment of connection for each of the first
`and second radio communication circuits in response to receiving an indication
`from a user such that when an indication from the user indicates to use the first
`radio communication circuit, the controller assigns a connection to the first radio
`
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`communication circuit for receiving the video information or transmitting the
`information by radio,
`[5h] wherein the controller controls each of the first and second radio
`communication circuits so that the first radio communication circuit receives
`video information and the second radio communication circuit connects to the
`internet or the home network simultaneously, and
`[5i] wherein the second or third radio communication circuits receive a signal
`from the internet indicating that an update for an operating system of the display
`apparatus is available, and the display apparatus executes an update process such
`that an updated operating system of the display apparatus is stored in the display
`apparatus after execution of the update process.
`[8pre] The display apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a radio
`interface capable of receiving video information by radio,
`[8a] wherein the display device is further capable of displaying the video
`information received via the radio interface.
`[9pre] A method for video processing, comprising:
`[9a] receiving video information and still picture information via an optical
`system by an imaging circuit of a video processing apparatus;
`[9b] compressing the still picture information using a first type of compression
`method and the video information using a second type of compression method;
`[9c] accumulating video information received by the imaging circuit after the
`video information is compressed by the compression circuit;
`[9d] implementing a first transmission scheme having a first modulation scheme
`and a first transmission frequency band;
`[9e] transmitting using the first transmission frequency band, the video
`information to an external device by radio, via a first radio communication
`circuit;
`[9f] implementing a second transmission scheme having a second modulation
`scheme different from the first modulation scheme and a second transmission
`frequency band different from the first transmission frequency band;
`[9g] connecting, by radio, to an internet or a home network to transmit and
`receive information using the second transmission frequency band, via a second
`radio communication circuit;
`[9h] transmitting, via a third radio communication circuit, information using a
`third transmission frequency band;
`[9i] controlling, via a controller, assignment of connection of each of the first,
`second, and third radio communication circuits,
`[9j] wherein assignment of connection for each of the first and second radio
`communication circuit is controlled in response to receiving an indication from a
`
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`user such that when an indication from the user indicates to transmit video
`information using the first radio communication circuit, a connection is assigned
`to the first radio communication circuit for transmitting the video information,
`[9k] wherein the transmitting and connecting is controlled so that the first radio
`communication circuit is configured to transmit video information and the
`second radio communication circuit is configured to connect to the internet or the
`home network simultaneously;
`[9l] receiving, via the second or third radio communication circuits a signal from
`the internet indicating that an update for an operating system is available;
`executing the update process; and storing an updated operating system after
`execution of the update process.
`[10pre] A method, comprising:
`[10a] implementing a first transmission scheme having a first modulation scheme
`and a first transmission frequency band;
`[10b] implementing a second transmission scheme having a second modulation
`scheme different from the first modulation scheme and a second transmission
`frequency band different from the first transmission frequency band;
`[10c] receiving video information by radio using the first transmission frequency
`band, via a first radio communication circuit and connecting by radio to an
`internet or a home network to transmit and receive information using the second
`transmission frequency band, via a second radio communication circuit;
`[10d] compressing the video information received by the first radio
`communication circuit using a first compression scheme;
`[10e] transmitting, via a third radio communication circuit, information using a
`third transmission frequency band;
`[10f] displaying, via a display circuit, information received by the first radio
`communication circuit or the second radio communication circuit;
`[10g] controlling, via a controller, assignment of connection of each of the first,
`second, and third radio communication circuits,
`[10h] wherein assignment of connection for each of the first and second radio
`communication circuit is controlled in response to receiving an indication from a
`user such that when an indication from the user indicates to use the first radio
`communication circuit, the controller assigns a connection to the first radio
`communication circuit for receiving the video information,
`[10i] wherein the receiving and connecting is controlled so that the first radio
`communication circuit is configured to receive video information and the second
`radio communication circuit is configured to connect to the internet or the home
`network simultaneously;
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`[10j] receiving, via the second or third radio communication circuits, a signal
`from the internet indicating that an update for an operating system is available;
`executing the update process; and storing an updated operating system after
`execution of the update process.
`[11] The video processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a fourth radio
`communication circuit capable of transmitting information and using a fourth
`transmission frequency band that is different from the first, second, and third
`transmission frequency bands, wherein the controller controls assignment of
`connection of each of the first, second, third, and fourth radio communication
`circuits.
`[12] The video processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the third transmission
`frequency band is different from the first and second transmission frequency
`bands.
`[14] The video processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein transmitting of the
`information by the third radio communication circuit comprises connecting to the
`internet.
`[15] The video processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the input device is
`capable of receiving a user's selection of content to be displayed on the video
`processing apparatus.
`[16] The video processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second or third radio
`communication circuits receive a signal from the internet indicating that an
`update for an application of the video processing apparatus is available, and the
`video processing apparatus executes an application update process such that an
`updated application of the video processing apparatus is stored in the video
`processing apparatus after execution of the application update process.
`[17] The video processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a display for
`displaying a screen requesting user input, wherein the displayed screen prompts
`the user for a user input that indicates whether the user allows a connection
`between the first radio communication circuit and the external device to be
`established, wherein in response to receiving the user input indicating allowance
`of the connection, the first radio communication circuit transmits the
`accumulated video information to the external device.
`[18] The video processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second modulation
`scheme comprises quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).
`[19] The video processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second radio
`communication circuit is controllable to change from the second modulation
`scheme to a different modulation scheme.
`[20] The video processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the video processing
`apparatus comprises a cellular phone.
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`[21] The video processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second and third
`radio communication circuits conduct demodulation through Orthogonal
`Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).
`[22] The video processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least the first radio
`communication circuit and the third radio communication circuit are
`implemented as a combined circuit.
`[23pre] A cellular phone, comprising:
`[23a] a first radio communication circuit implementing a first transmission
`scheme having a first modulation scheme and first transmission frequency band,
`the first radio communication circuit capable of transmitting video information
`by radio or receiving information by radio using the first transmission frequency
`band;
`[23b] a second radio communication circuit implementing a second transmission
`scheme having a second modulation scheme different from the first modulation
`scheme and a second transmission frequency band different from the first
`transmission frequency band, the second radio communication circuit capable of
`connecting by radio to an internet or a home network to transmit and receive
`information using the second transmission frequency band;
`[23c] a third radio communication circuit capable of transmitting information
`using a third transmission frequency band;
`[23d] a fourth radio communication circuit capable of transmitting information
`using a fourth transmission frequency band;
`[23e] an imaging circuit capable of receiving video information and still picture
`information via an optical system;
`[23f] a compression circuit compressing the still picture information using a first
`type of compression method and the video information using a second type of
`compression method;
`[23g] a microphone receiving audio information corresponding to the video
`information received via the imaging circuit;
`[23h] an accumulation circuit capable of accumulating video information
`received by the imaging circuit and audio information received by the
`microphone, wherein the first radio communication circuit can transmit video
`information accumulated in the accumulation circuit to an external device by
`radio;
`[23i] a display displaying the video information received by the first radio
`communication circuit and displaying information received by the second radio
`communication circuit via the internet or home network;
`[23j] a controller controlling assignment of connection of each of the first,
`second, third, and fourth radio communication circuits,
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`[23k] wherein the controller controls assignment of connection for each of the
`first and second radio communication circuit in response to receiving an
`indication from a user such that when an indication from the user indicates to
`transmit video information using the first radio communication circuit, the
`controller assigns a connection to the first radio communication circuit for
`transmitting the video information,
`[23l] wherein the controller controls each of the first and second radio
`communication circuit so that the first radio communication circuit transmits
`video information and the second radio communication circuit connects to the
`internet or the home network simultaneously, and
`[23m] wherein the second or third radio communication circuits receive a signal
`from the internet indicating that an update for an operating system of the cellular
`phone is available, and the cellular phone executes an update process such that
`an updated operating system of the cellular phone is stored in the cellular phone
`after execution of the update process.
`[24] The cellular phone of claim 23, wherein the second or third radio
`communication circuits receive a signal from the internet indicating that an
`update for an application of the cellular phone is available, and the cellular phone
`executes an application update process such that an updated application of the
`cellular phone is stored in the cellular phone after execution of the application
`update process.
`[25] The cellular phone of claim 23, wherein the first modulation scheme
`comprises shift keying modulation and the second modulation scheme comprises
`quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).
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`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. and Samsung Electronics America, Inc.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`(“Petitioners”) request inter partes review of claims 1, 4-5, 8-12, and 14-25
`
`(“Challenged Claims”) of U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590 (“’590 patent,” EX1004),
`
`owned by Maxell, Ltd. (“PO”).
`
`II.
`
`STATEMENT OF PRECISE RELIEF REQUESTED
`Petitioners request cancelation of the Challenged Claims in view of the
`
`following grounds:
`
`Ground
`1
`2
`
`Claims
`1, 4-5, 8-12, 14-25
`1, 4-5, 8-12, 14-25
`
`3
`4
`5
`
`1, 4-5, 8-12, 14-25
`1, 4-5, 8-12, 14-25
`1, 4-5, 8-12, 14-25
`
`
`
`Prior Art
`Stat. Basis
`35 U.S.C. § 103 N93, Dua, Herle
`35 U.S.C. § 103 N93, Dua, Herle, Rooyen, Desai,
`BT-Spec, 3GPP-Spec, Kao
`35 U.S.C. § 103 Dua, Herle
`35 U.S.C. § 103 Dua, Herle, N93
`35 U.S.C. § 103 Dua, Herle, N93, Rooyen, Desai,
`BT-Spec, 3GPP-Spec, Kao
`
`This Petition is based on, and copies significant portions from, the
`
`declaration of Dr Charles Creusere. EX1002.
`
`III. THE ’590 PATENT
`A. Overview
`The ’590 patent discloses a conventional multi radio, multimedia cellular
`
`phone that was well known in the art by 2007. EX1004, Fig. 1. The ’590 patent
`
`
`
`1
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`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`discloses conventional hardware (processor, memory, radios, camera, microphone)
`
`for performing conventional functions, including capturing, compressing, storing,
`
`transmitting, and receiving video and pictures by radio. Id.
`
`PO is expected to assert that the ’590 patent discloses novel ways of 1)
`
`transmitting video with one radio based on a user “indication” while connecting to
`
`a network with a second radio and 2) updating software. As shown below, these
`
`functionalities were well known in the prior art.
`
`B. Overview of the File History
`1.
`Prosecution of the ’590 Patent
`U.S. Appl. No. 15/208,886 was filed on 7/13/2016. EX1004, certificate.
`
`The claims were rejected on 12/11/2017 (EX1005, 97-103), amended on
`
`3/9/2018 (id., 81-96), and allowed on 7/13/2018. Id., 59-67.
`
`2.
`Reexamination of the ’590 patent (90/014,651)
`On 1/12/2021, a third-party requestor filed a request for reexamination of the
`
`’590 patent based on US2006/0203758 (“Tee”) and US2006/0135076)
`
`(“Honkanen”). EX1006, 1005-1057.
`
`Reexamination was ordered and all claims were initially rejected over Tee
`
`and/or Tee and Honkanen. Id., 296-317, 161-228.
`
`PO amended the claims, added several new claims, and argued the claims
`
`were patentable. Id., 115-147.
`
`On 10/29/2021, all claims were allowed. Id., 33-39.
`
`
`
`2
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`

`

`C.
`Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art
`A person of ordinary skill in the art (“POSITA”) at the time of the alleged
`
`U.S. Patent No. 10,129,590
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`invention of the ’590 patent (Nov. 28, 2007, based on the claim of priority to
`
`JP2007-306750) would have had a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering or
`
`equivalent with at least one year of experience in the field of wireless
`
`communications. Additional education or experience might substitute for the above
`
`requirements. EX1002, ¶28.
`
`D. Claim Construction Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(3)
`Because the prior art asserted herein discloses subject matter within the
`
`indisputable scope of the claims, the Board need not construe the outer bounds of
`
`the claims as part of these proceedings. The district court may have to address
`
`other bounds of the claims, for example, because Petitioners argue the outer
`
`bounds of some claims are indefinite under IPXL.
`
`1.
`“circuit”
`“Circuit” should be interpreted broadl