throbber
US007027032B2
`
`United States Patent
`US 7,027,032 B2
`(10) Patent No.:
`(12)
`Rosenbergetal.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`*Apr. 11, 2006
`
`
`(54) DESIGNING FORCE SENSATIONS FOR
`FORCE FEEDBACK COMPUTER
`APPLICATIONS
`
`3,220,121 A
`
`11/1965 Cutler
`
`(Continued)
`
`EP
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`0626634 A2
`11/1994
`
`(75)
`
`(73) Assignee:
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`claimer.
`
`Inventors: Louis B. Rosenberg, Pleasanton, CA
`(US); Dean C. Chang, Palo Alto, CA
`(US)
`(Continued)
`Immersion Corporation, San Jose, CA
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`(US)
`Cursor Walso,“Designer’s Corner-Useful Technology for
`Subjectto any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`on
`;
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`Your Idea File,” Design News, Mar. 7, 1993, p. 63.
`US.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`(Continued)
`as patent is subject to a terminal dis-
`Primary Examiner—Alexander Eisen
`.
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Thelen Reid & Priest LLP;
`(21) Appl. No.: 10/782,878
`David B. Ritchie
`(22)
`Filed:
`Feb. 23, 2004
`ABSTRACT
`6)
`(65)
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2004/0160415 Al=Aug. 19, 2004
`Related U.S. Application Data
`Adesign interface tool for designing force sensations for use
`;
`;
`.
`with a host computer and force feedback interface device. A
`(63) Continuation of application No. 09/734,630, filed on
`force feedback device is connected to a host computerthat
`Dec. 11, 2000, now Pat. No. 6,697,086, which is a
`displays the interface tool. Input from a user is received in
`continuation-in-part of application No. 08/566,282,
`the interface to select a type of force sensation to be
`filed on Dec. 1, 1995, now Pat. No. 5,734,373, and a
`commanded by a host computer and output by a force
`continuation-in-part of application No. 08/846,011,
`feedback interface device. Input, such as parameters, is then
`filed on Apr. 25, 1997, now Pat. No. 6,147,674.
`received from the user which designs and defines physical
`(51)
`Int. Cl.
`characteristics of the selected force sensation. A graphical
`(2006.01)
`G09G 5/00
`representation of the characterized force sensation is dis-
`(52) US. CM. cereessesseseenee
`345/156; 345/157; 715/701
`Playedon the hostcomputerwhich provides a visual dem-
`(58) Field of Classification Search .............. 345/156,
`fethe of a Tee!
`of
`the f ee ne easa so
`345/157, 161; 715/700-866, 701, 702; 436/36-38
`at
`the user can view al ellect
`OF parameters On sac
`tore
`See applicationfile for complete search history.
`sensation. The characterized force sensation is output to a
`user manipulatable object of the force feedback device so
`References Cited
`that the user can feel the designed force sensation, where the
`graphical representation is updated in conjunction with the
`output ofthe force sensation. The user can iteratively modify
`force sensation characteristics and feel the results, and store
`the characterized force sensations.
`
`(56)
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`2,906,179 A
`2,972,140 A
`3,157,853 A
`
`9/1959 Bower
`2/1961 Hirsch
`11/1964 Hirsch
`
`36 Claims, 25 Drawing Sheets
`
`Windows Help
`
`PERE EES
`@ Conditions ae
`eo Damper
`Oretion
`oO Inertia
`
`
`
`Smart Pop
`Vector Force
`@ Dynamics
`Level [35.09—]Time [6,084170];{0.436467
`
`1
`
`APPLE 1023
`
`Trigger 408 Repeat interval
`
`1
`
`APPLE 1023
`
`

`

`PPPPrPrrrErrPEPEErErrEPPeeeEEEEeeeeeEeEEEPeeeereeeeeeeeeemeremememeee
`
`5,309,140PPPPrPrrEEEPEPEPEEPSerEEeeEEEEEEeeeEPPSeeeeeeeeeeeeeeemerPrP
`
`4,945,501
`4,961,138
`4,961,267
`4,962,591
`4,982,504
`4,983,786
`5,007,085
`5,007,300
`5,019,761
`5,022,384
`5,022,407
`5,035,242
`5,038,089
`5,040,306
`5,044,956
`5,050,608
`5,072,361
`5,076,517
`5,078,152
`5,088,046
`5,088,055
`5,095,303
`5,103,404
`5,107,080
`5,116,051
`5,116,180
`5,126,948
`5,128,671
`5,131,844
`5,132,672
`5,139,261
`5,142,506
`5,142,931
`5,143,505
`5,146,566
`5,148,377
`5,165,897
`5,175,459
`5,178,012
`5,181,181
`5,182,557
`5,184,306
`5,184,319
`5,185,561
`5,186,629
`5,186,695
`5,187,874
`5,189,806
`5,193,963
`5,204,824
`5,209,131
`5,212,473
`5,220,260
`5,223,776
`5,228,356
`5,230,623
`5,235,868
`5,240,417
`5,243,266
`5,251,127
`5,251,156
`5,259,120
`5,259,894
`5,262,777
`5,264,768
`5,271,290
`5,275,174
`5,275,565
`5,283,970
`5,289,273
`5,296,846
`5,299,810
`
`7/1990
`10/1990
`10/1990
`10/1990
`1/1991
`1/1991
`4/1991
`4/1991
`5/1991
`6/1991
`6/1991
`TN991
`8/1991
`8/1991
`9/1991
`9/1991
`12/1991
`12/1991
`1/1992
`2/1992
`2/1992
`3/1992
`4/1992
`4/1992
`5/1992
`5/1992
`6/1992
`TN992
`TN992
`TN992
`8/1992
`8/1992
`9/1992
`9/1992
`9/1992
`9/1992
`11/1992
`12/1992
`1/1993
`1/1993
`1/1993
`2/1993
`2/1993
`2/1993
`2/1993
`2/1993
`2/1993
`3/1993
`3/1993
`4/1993
`5/1993
`5/1993
`6/1993
`6/1993
`TN993
`TN993
`8/1993
`8/1993
`9/1993
`10/1993
`10/1993
`11/1993
`11/1993
`11/1993
`11/1993
`12/1993
`1/1994
`1/1994
`2/1994
`2/1994
`3/1994
`4/1994
`5/1994
`
`
`
`Bell et al.
`Gorniak
`Herzog
`Zeller et al.
`Soderberg etal.
`Stevenset al.
`Greaniaset al.
`Siva
`Kraft
`Freels
`Horch et al.
`Franklin et al.
`Szakaly
`McMurtry et al.
`Behensky et al.
`Watanabeetal.
`Davis et al.
`Ferranti et al.
`Bondetal.
`McMurtry
`Oyama
`Clark etal.
`McIntosh
`Rosen
`Moncrief etal.
`Funget al.
`Mitchell et al.
`Thomas, Jr.
`Marinaccioet al.
`Clark
`Openiano
`Edwards
`Menahem
`Burdeaet al.
`Hollis, Jr. et al.
`McDonald
`Johnson
`Danial et al.
`Culp
`Glynn
`Lang
`Erdman etal.
`Kramer
`Goodet al.
`Rohen
`Mangseth et al.
`Takahashietal.
`McMurtry et al.
`McAffee etal.
`Fujimaki
`Baxter
`Louis
`Schuler
`Radkeetal.
`Chuang
`Guthrie et al.
`Culver
`Smithson et al.
`Kasagamiet al.
`Raab
`Heieretal.
`Chapman et al.
`Sampson
`Lowetal.
`Gregory et al.
`Fischer
`Cook
`Moncrief
`Aigner
`Lang
`Ledley
`Pierce et al.
`Everett, Jr. et al.
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`1/1970
`2/1970
`6/1970
`10/1970
`11/1971
`4/1975
`6/1975
`9/1975
`9/1975
`10/1975
`11/1975
`3/1976
`11/1978
`11/1978
`4/1979
`TN9T9
`8/1980
`12/1980
`4/1981
`6/1982
`8/1983
`5/1984
`8/1984
`10/1984
`10/1984
`11/1984
`4/1985
`10/1985
`11/1985
`2/1986
`4/1986
`6/1986
`7/1986
`7/1986
`12/1986
`1/1987
`3/1987
`3/1987
`6/1987
`TN987
`8/1987
`10/1987
`11/1987
`11/1987
`12/1987
`6/1988
`9/1988
`11/1988
`12/1988
`12/1988
`1/1989
`1/1989
`2/1989
`3/1989
`4/1989
`6/1989
`TN989
`9/1989
`11/1989
`12/1989
`12/1989
`1/1990
`1/1990
`1/1990
`3/1990
`3/1990
`6/1990
`6/1990
`6/1990
`7/1990
`7/1990
`
`Paulsen et al.
`Hirsch
`Corlyon et al.
`Stevensen
`Kagan
`Crockeret al.
`Fister et al.
`Hightower
`Diamondet al.
`Feder
`Noll
`Eaton
`Jones
`Lowthorp
`Burson
`Salisbury, Jr.
`Colston
`Hall et al.
`Schwellenbach
`Barnes
`Lam etal.
`Hayashi
`Foerst
`Repperger
`Davies
`Vavra
`Acklam et al.
`Mabusth
`Fraignieret al.
`Fraser et al.
`Boothroyd
`Davies
`Hladky etal.
`Watson
`Reppergeret al.
`Sheldon et al.
`Iwano
`Herrington et al.
`Slocum
`Koontz
`Lindbom
`Moriyasu
`Grahn et al.
`de Vries et al.
`Alban
`Zanetti
`Trieb etal.
`Olson
`Brunnett
`Selinko
`Miessler etal.
`Cemenskaetal.
`Kendig etal.
`Hilton
`Bell et al.
`LaBicheet al.
`Blood.
`Affinito et al.
`Duimel
`Embach
`Enderle et al.
`McIntosh
`Tomelleri
`Culver
`Meenen,Jr.
`Hon
`Baker
`McIntosh
`Kley
`Sapia
`Blood.
`
`3,490,059
`3,497,668
`3,517,446
`3,531,868
`3,623,064
`3,875,488
`3,890,958
`3,902,687
`3,903,614
`3,911,416
`3,919,691
`3,944,798
`4,125,800
`4,127,752
`4,148,014
`4,160,508
`4,216,467
`4,236,325
`4,262,549
`4,333,070
`4,398,889
`4,448,083
`4,464,117
`4,477,043
`4,477,973
`4,484,191
`4,513,235
`4,550,221
`4,550,617
`4,571,834
`4,581,491
`4,593,470
`4,599,070
`4,601,206
`4,632,341
`4,638,798
`4,653,011
`4,654,648
`4,676,002
`4,679,331
`4,688,983
`4,703,443
`4,704,909
`4,708,656
`4,713,007
`4,750,487
`4,769,763
`4,787,051
`4,791,934
`4,794,392
`4,798,919
`4,800,721
`4,803,413
`4,811,608
`4,819,195
`4,839,838
`4,849,692
`4,868,549
`4,879,556
`4,885,565
`4,888,877
`4,891,764
`4,891,889
`4,896,554
`4,907,970
`4,907,973
`4,930,770
`4,934,694
`4,935,728
`4,942,545
`4,945,305
`
`2
`
`

`

`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`Page 3
`
`5,334,027 A
`8/1994 Wherlock
`5,341,459 A
`8/1994 Backes
`5,354,162 A
`10/1994 Burdeaet al.
`5,379,663 A
`1/1995 Hara
`5,384,460 A
`1/1995 Tseng
`5,389,865 A
`2/1995 Jacobuset al.
`5,396,266 A
`3/1995 Brimhall
`5,396,267 A
`3/1995 Bouton
`5,397,323 A
`3/1995 Tayloret al.
`5,402,582 A
`4/1995 Raab
`5,405,152 A
`4/1995. Katanicsetal.
`5,412,880 A
`5/1995 Raab
`5,414,337 A
`5/1995 Schuler
`5,417,696 A
`5/1995 Kashubaet al.
`5,428,748 A
`6/1995 Davidson et al.
`5,429,140 A
`7/1995 Burdeaet al.
`5,436,542 A
`7/1995 Petelin et al.
`5,436,622 A
`7/1995 Gutman etal.
`5,436,640 A
`7/1995 Reeves
`5,437,607 A
`8/1995 Taylor
`5,445,166 A
`8/1995 Taylor
`5,451,924 A
`9/1995 Massiminoetal.
`5,459,382 A
`10/1995 Jacobusetal.
`5,466,213 A
`11/1995 Hogan etal.
`5,467,763 A
`11/1995 McMahonet al.
`5,482,051 A
`1/1996 Reddyet al.
`5,512,919 A
`4/1996 Araki
`5,513,100 A
`4/1996 Parkeretal.
`5.526.480 A
`6/1996 Gibsonetal.
`5.547.382 A
`8/1996 Yamasakietal.
`5,550,562 A
`8/1996 Aoki et al.
`5,551,701 A
`9/1996 Bouton et al.
`5,570,111 A
`10/1996 Barrett etal.
`5,575,761 A
`11/1996 Hajianpour
`5,576,727 A
`11/1996 Rosenberg et al.
`28oot A 7loos eon
`5,596,347 A
`1/1997 Robertson et al.
`5,623,582 A
`4/1997 Rosenberg
`5.625.576 A
`4/1997 Massie etal.
`5,629,594 A
`5/1997 Jacobuset al.
`5,642,469 A
`6/1997 Hannafordet al.
`5,643,087 A
`7/1997 Marcuset al.
`5,666,138 A
`9/1997 Culver
`5,666,473 A
`9/1997 Wallace
`5,690,582 A
`11/1997 Ulrich et al.
`eet ‘
`Mvloo, Cosenbea et al.
`5.7 14.978 A
`9/1998 Yamanaka et al.
`5,721,566 A
`2/1998 Rosenberg et al.
`5,734,373 A
`3/1998 Rosenberg etal.
`5,739,811 A
`4/1998 Rosenbergetal.
`5,742,278 A
`4/1998 Chenet al.
`5,754,023 A
`5/1998 Rosten et al.
`5,755,577 A
`5/1998 Gillio
`2ee ‘
`.hoon Satinelll al
`5,767,839 A
`6/1998 Rosenberg
`5,769,640 A
`6/1998 Jacobusetal.
`5,781,172 A
`7/1998 Engelet al.
`5,785,630 A
`7/1998 _Bobick etal.
`5,790,108 A
`8/1998 Salcudean et al.
`5,802,353 A
`9/1998 Avila et al.
`5,805,140 A
`9/1998 Rosenberg et al.
`5,808,601 A
`9/1998 Leah etal.
`5,825,308 A
`10/1998 Rosenberg
`eataos A
`Ishoo facobus a
`5.889.670 A
`3/1999 Schuleret al.
`5,959,613 A
`9/1999 Rosenberg,et al.
`6,111,577 A
`8/2000 Zilles et al.
`6,160,489 A
`12/2000 Perry etal.
`6,169,540 B
`1/2001 Rosenberg etal.
`
`6,285,351 Bl
`6,292,170 Bl
`6,422,941 Bl
`6,433,771 BI*
`
`9/2001 Chang et al.
`9/2001 Chang et al.
`97/2002 Thorneret al.
`8/2002 Yocum etal... 345/156
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`GB
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`
`0875819 Al
`2254911
`H12-185278
`4-3461
`H4-8381
`H5-192449
`H7-24147
`0 349 086 Al
`WO 9502801
`WO 9520787
`WO 9520788
`WO 9532459
`WO 9616397
`WO 9622591
`WO 9642078
`WO 9731333
`
`11/1998
`10/1992
`7/1990
`1/1992
`1/1992
`8/1993
`1/1995
`1/1990
`1/1995
`8/1995
`8/1995
`11/1995
`5/1996
`7/1996
`12/1996
`8/1997
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`“Foot-Operated Mouse,” IBM Technical Disclosure Bulle-
`tin, Apr. 1986, vol. 28, No. 11.
`ae,
`.
`.
`Im-
`High Performance Model of the Immersion Probe,”
`mersion Probe-MD.TM., Immersion Corporation (1994).
`“Proceedings of the IFIP Congress 65,” International
`Federation for Information Processing, Information Process-
`ing 1965, vol. 3, New York, May. 24-29, 1965, p. 506.
`“The Personal Digitizer.TM.,”Immersion Human Interface
`Corporation 1994.
`“Useful Technology for Your Idea File,” Design News, Mar.
`7, 1994, p. 63.
`.
`3D Human Interface Tool, Immersion Probe.TM., Immer-
`sion Human Interface Corporation 1994.
`Adachi, Yoshitaka et al., “Sensory Evaluation of Virtual
`Haptic Push-Buttons,” Technical Research Center, Suzuki
`Motor Corporation, Nov. 1994.
`Adelstein Bernard D. et al., “A High Performance Two
`Degree-of-Freedom Kinesthetic Interface,” Massachusetts
`Institute of Technology 1992, pp. 108-112.
`Akamatsu et al., “Multimodal Mouse: A Mouse-Type
`Device with Tactile & Force Display,” Presence, vol. 3, No.
`1, 1994, pp. 73-80. a
`Atkinson, W.et al., “Computing with Feeling,” Comp. &
`Graphics, vol. 2, 1976, pp. 97-103.
`Batter, James J. et al., “Grope-1: A Computer Display to the
`Sense fo Feel,” pp. TA-4-188-TA-4-192.
`Bejezy et al., “The Phantom Robot: Predictive Displays for
`Teleoperation with Time Display,” CA Institute of Technol-
`ogy, IEEE 1990, pp. 546-550,
`Brooks Jr, Frederick et al.,
`“Project GROPE-Haptic
`Displays for Scientific Visualization,” Computer Graphics,
`vol. 24, No. 4, 1990, pp. 177-185.
`Burdea, Grigore et al., “A Portable Dextrous Master with
`Force Feedback,” Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual
`Environments, MIT Press, Jun. 1991.
`Burdea, Grigore et al., “Dextrous Telerobotics with Force
`Feedback-An Overview,” Robotica 1991, vol. 9.
`Buttolo, Pietro et al., “Pen-Based Force Display for Preci-
`sion Manipulation in Virtual Environments,’ IEEE Mar.
`1995, pp. 1-8.
`Colgate, J. Edward et al., “Implementation of Stiff Virtual
`Walls
`in Force-Reflecting
`Interfaces,’ Northwestern
`University, 1993.
`
`3
`
`

`

`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`Page 4
`
`Ellis, R.E. et al., “Design and Evaluation of a High-
`Performance Prototype Planar Haptic Interface,” ASME
`Dec. 3, 1993, DSC-vol. 49, pp. 55-64.
`Fischer, Patrick et al., “Specification and Design of Input
`Devices for Teleoperation,” 1990.
`Fisher, S.S. et al., “Virtual Environment Display System,”
`ACM Interactive 3D Graphics, Oct. 1986.
`Gotow, J.K., et al., “Preception of Mechanical Propertiesat
`the Man-Machine Interface,” IEEE 1987, pp. 688-689.
`Hannafordet al., “Force Feedback Cursor Control,” NASA
`Tech Brief, vol. 13, No. 11, Item #21, 1989, pp. 1-4.
`Hannaford, Blake et al., “Performance Evaluation of a
`Six-Axis Generalized Force-Reflecting Teleoperator,” IEEE
`May/Jun. 1991, vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 620-633.
`Hasser, Christopher John, “Tactile Feedback for a Force-
`Reflecting Haptic Display,’ The School of Engineering,
`University of Dayton, Dec. 1995, pp. 1ii-xii & 1-96.
`Herndon, J.N. et al., “The State-of-the-Art Model M-2
`Maintenance System,” Proceedings of the 1984 National
`Topical Meeting on Robotics and Remote Handling in
`Hostile Environments, American Nuclear Society, pp. 59-
`65.
`
`Hiroo Iwata, “Artificial Reality with Force-Feedback:
`Development of Desktop Virtual Space with Compact
`Master Manipulator,’ Computer Graphics, vol. 24, No. 4,
`1990, pp. 165-170.
`Hirota etal., “Development Of Surface Display,” University
`Tokyo, IEEE, 1993, pp. 256-262.
`Howe, Robert D., “Task Performance with a Dextrous
`Teleoperated Hand System,” Proceedings of SPIE, Nov.
`1992, vol. 1833, pp. 1-9.
`Iwata, Hiroo et al, Volume Haptization, IEEE 1993, pp.
`16-18.
`
`Kelley et al., “On the Development of a Force-Feedback
`Mouse & It’s Integration into a Graphical User Interface,”
`Int’l1 Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition,
`1994, pp. 1-8.
`Kelley et al., Magic Mouse: Tactile & Kinesthetic Feedback
`in the Human-ComputerInterface using an Electromagneti-
`cally Acutuated Input/Output Device, 1993, University Brit-
`ish Columbia.
`Kilpatrick et al., “ The Use of Kinesthetic Supplementin an
`Interactive Graphics System,” University of North Carolina,
`1976, pp. 1-174.
`Kim, WonS. et al., “Graphics Displays for Operator Aid in
`Telemanipulation,” IEEE 1991, pp. 1059-1067.
`Kim, WonS. et al., A Teleoperation Training Simulator with
`Visual and Kinesthetic Force Virtual Reality.
`Kotoku, Tetsuo et al., “Environment Modeling for the
`Interactive Display (EMID) Used in Telerobotic Systems,”
`IEEE Nov.3-5, 1991, pp. 99-1004.
`Kotoku, Tetsuo, “A Predictive Display with Force Feedback
`and its Application to Remote Manipulation System with
`Transmission Time Display,” IEEE 1992, Jul. 7-10, 1992,
`pp. 239-246.
`Krueger, Myron W., Artificial Reality 1988, pp. 54-75.
`Meyer, Kennethetal., “A Survey of Position Trackers,” The
`Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1992, Presence, vol.
`1, No. 2.
`Minsky, Margaretet al., “Feeling & Seeing: Issues in Force
`Display,” ACM 1990, pp. 235-242, 270.
`Munch et al., “Intelligent Control for Haptic Displays,”
`Eurographics ’96, Blackwell Publishers, vol. 15, No. 3,
`1996, pp. C-217-226.
`
`Noll, A. Michael, “Man-Machine Tactile Communication
`Dissertation,” Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, Jun. 1971,
`pp. 1-88.
`Ouh-Youngetal., “Using A Manipulator for Force Display
`in Molecular Docking,”, University North Carolina, IEEE
`1988, pp. 1824-1829.
`Ouh-young, Ming et al. “Creating an Illusion of Feel:
`Control Issues in Force Display,” University of N. Carolina,
`1989, pp. 1-14.
`Ouh-young, Ming et al., “Force Display Performs Better
`than Visual Display in a Simple 6-D Docking Task,” IEEE
`1989, pp. 1462-1466.
`Ouh-young, Ming et al., “Using a Manipulator for Force
`Display in Molecular Docking,” IEEE 1988, pp. 1824-1829.
`Ouh-Young, Ming,“Force Display in Molecular Docking,”
`Chapel Hill 1990, pp. 1-85.
`Payette et al., “Evaluation Of Force Feedback Computer
`Pointing device in Zero Gravity,” DSC-vol. 58, Proc. of
`ASMEDynamics Systems and Control Division, 1996, pp.
`547-553.
`
`Repperger, D.W., “Active Force Reflection Devices in
`Teleoperation”, IEEE Control Systems, 1991, pp. 52-56.
`Rosenberg et al., “Commercially Viable Force Feedback
`Controller for Individuals with Neuromotor Disabilities,”
`Crew Systems Directorate, AL/CF-TR-1997-0016, 1996,
`pp. 1-33.
`Rosenberg et al., “Perceptual Decomposition of Virtual
`Haptic Surfaces,” Proc.
`IEEE Symposium on Research
`Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 1993.
`Rosenberg et al., “The use of force feedback to enhance
`graphicaluser interfaces,” Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual
`Reality Systems, Proc. SPIE, 1996, pp. 243-248.
`Rosenberg, “Virtual haptic Overlays enhance performance
`in telepresence tasks,” Stanford University, 1994.
`Rosenberg, L., “Perceptual Design of a Virtual Rigid
`Surface Contact,” Air Force Material Command, AL/CF-
`TR-1995-0029, 1993, pp. 1-39.
`Rosenberg, L., “The Use of Fixtures to Enhance Operator
`Performance in Time Delayed Teleoperation,” Air Force
`Material Command, AL/CF-TR-1994-0139, 1993, pp. 1-45.
`Rosenberg, Louis B., “The Use of Virtual Fixtures as
`Perceptual Overlays to Enhance Operator Performance in
`Remote Environments,” Air Force Material Command, Sep.
`1992, pp. 1-42.
`Rosenberg, Louis B., “Virtual Fixtures as Tools to Enhance
`Operator Performance in Telepresence Environments,” SPIE
`Telemanipulator Technology, 1993.
`Rosenberg, Louis B., “Virtual Haptic Overlays Enhance
`Performance in Telepresence Tasks,” SPIE 1994.
`Rosenberg, Louis B., Crew Systems Directorate Biodynam-
`ics and Biocommunications Division Wright-Patterson, Air
`Force Material Command, Mar. 1993, pp. 1-45.
`Schmult, B. et al., “Application Areas for a Force-Feedback
`Joystick,” DSC-vol. 49, Advances in Robotics Mechatron-
`ics, and Interfaces, ASME 1993, pp. 47-54.
`Smith, Geoffrey, “Call
`It Palpable Progress,” Business
`Week, Oct. 9, 1995, pp. 93, 96.
`Snow,E. et al., “Compact Force-Reflecting Hand Controller,
`” JPL, Apr. 1991, vol. 15, No. 3, Item No. 153, pp. 1-15a.
`Su, S. Augustine et al., “The Virtual Panel Architecture: A
`3D Gesture Framework,” IEEE 1993, pp. 387-393.
`Tan, Hong et al., “Human Factors for the Design of Force-
`Reflecting Haptic Interfaces,” MIT, 1994.
`
`4
`
`

`

`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`Page 5
`
`Tavkhelidze, D.S., “Kinematic Analysis of Five-Link
`Spherical Mechanisms,” Mechanism and Machine Theory,
`1974, vol. 9, pp. 181-190.
`Wilker, Steven F. et al., “Development of Tactile Mice for
`Blind Access to Computers: Importance of Stimulation of
`Locus, Object Size, and Vibrotactile Display Resolution,”
`Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual
`Meeting 1991, pp. 708-712.
`Winey III et al., “Computer Simulated Visual & Tactile
`Feedback as an aid to Manipulator & Vehicle Control,” MIT,
`1981, pp. 1-79.
`Patrick, “Design, Construction, and Testing of a Fingertip
`Tactile Display for Interaction with Virtual and Remote
`Environments,” Master ofScience Thesis, MIT, Aug. 1990,
`archived Nov. 8, 1990.
`Calder, “Design of A Force-Feedback Touch-Introducing
`Actuator For Teleoperator Robot Control,” Bachelor of
`Science Thesis, MIT, May 1983, archived Jun. 23, 1983.
`Wiker, “Teletouch Display Development: Phase 1 Report,”
`Technical Report 1230, Naval Ocean Systems Center, San
`Diego, Jul. 1988.
`Bliss, “Optical-to-Tactile Image Conversion for the Blind,”
`IEEE Transactions on Man-Machine Systems, vol. MMS-
`11, No. 1, Mar. 1970.
`Johnson, “Shape-Memory Alloy Tactile Feedback Actuator,
`” Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory,
`AAMRL-TR-90-039, Aug., 1990.
`Kontarinis et al., “Tactile Display of Vibratory Information
`in Teleoperation and Virtual Environments,” PRESENCE,
`4(4):387-402, Harvard Univ., 1995.
`Aukstakalnis etal., “Silicon Mirage: The Art and Science of
`Virtual Reality,” ISBN 0-938151-82-7, pp. 129-180, 1992.
`Eberhardt et al., “Inducing Dynamic Haptic Perception by
`The Hand: System Description and Some Results,” DSC-
`vol. 55-1, Dynamic Systems and Control: vol. 1, ASME
`1994.
`
`Gobelet al., “Tactile Feedback Applied to Computer Mice,”
`International Journal ofHuman-Computer Interaction, vol.
`7, No. 1, pp. 1-24, 1995.
`Pimentel et al., “Virtual Reality: through the new looking
`glass,” 2,4, Edition: McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-050167-X,
`pp. 41-202, 1994.
`“Cyberman Technical Specification,” Logitech Cyberman
`SWIFT Supplement to Logitech Mouse Technical Reference
`and Programming Guide, Apr. 5, 1994.
`Ouhyounget al., “The Development of A Low-Cost Force
`Feedback Joystick and Its Use in the Virtual Reality
`Environment,” Proceedings ofthe Third Pacific Conference
`on Computer Graphics and Applications, Pacific Graphics
`°95, Seoul, Korea, Aug. 21-24, 1995.
`Kaczmarek et al., “Tactile Displays,” Virtual Environment
`Technologies, Chap. 9, pp. 349-414.
`Lake, “Cyberman from Logitech,”at http://www.1biblio.org/
`GameBytes/Issue2 1/greviews/cyberman.html, 1994.
`“Component Maintenance Manual With Illustrated Parts
`List, Coaxial Control] Shaker Part No. C-25502,” Safe Flight
`Instrument Corporation, Revised Jan. 28, 2002 (3 pages).
`“Technical Manual Overhaul
`Instructions With Parts
`Breakdown, Coaxial Control Shaker Part No. C-25502,”
`Safe Flight Instrument Corporation, Revised Jul. 15, 1980
`(23 pages).
`Scannell, “Taking a Joystick Ride,” Computer Currents,
`Boston Edition, vol. 9, No. 11, Nov. 1994.
`
`Rosenberg, “Virtual Fixtures: Perceptual Overlays Enhance
`Operator Performance in Telepresence Tasks,” Ph.D Dis-
`sertation, Stanford University, Jun. 1994.
`Balgrie, “Electric Control Loading—A low Cost, High
`Performance Alternative,’ Proceedings of Interservice/
`Industry Training Systems Conference, pp. 247-254, Nov.
`6-8, 1990.
`Iwata, “Pen-based Haptic Virtual Environment,” 0-7803-
`1363-1/93 IEEE, pp. 287-292, 1993.
`Russo, “The Design and Implementation of a Three Degree
`of Freedom Force Output Joystick,” MITLibraries Archives
`pp. 1-131, May 1990, archived Aug. 14, 1990.
`Brooksetal., “Hand Controllers for Teleoperation—AState-
`of-the-Art Technology Survey and Evaluation,’
`JPL
`Publication 85-11, NASA-CR-175890; N85-28559, pp. 1-
`84, Mar. 1, 1985.
`Jones et al., “A perceptual analysis of stiffness,” ISSN
`0014-4819
`Springer
`International
`(Springer-Verlag);
`Experimental Brain Research, vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 150-156,
`1990.
`
`Burdeaetal., “Distributed Virtual Force Feedback, Lecture
`Notes for Workshop on Force Display in Virtual Environ-
`ments and its Application to Robotic Teleoperation,” 1993
`IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automa-
`tion, pp. 25-44, May 2, 1993.
`Snow et al., Model-X Force-Reflecting-Hand-Controller,
`NT Control No. NPO-17851; JPL Case No. 7348, pp. 1-4
`with 45 pages of attachments, Jun. 15, 1989.
`Ouh-Young,
`“Force Display in Molecular Docking,”
`Doctoral Dissertation, University of North Carolina at
`Chapel Hill, UMI Order No. 9034744, p. 1-369, 1990.
`Tadros, “Control System Design for a Three Degree of
`Freedom Virtual Environment Simulator Using Motor/
`Brake Pair Actuators,” MIT Archive, pp. 1-88, Feb. 1990,
`archived Aug. 13, 1990.
`Caldwell et al., “Enhanced Tactile Feedback (Tele-Taction)
`Using a Multi-Functional Sensory System,” 1050-4729/93,
`pp. 955-960, 1993.
`Adelstein et al. “Design and Implementation of a Force
`Reflecting Manipulandum of Manual Control research,”
`DSC-vol. 42, Advances in Robotics, pp. 1-12, 1992.
`Gotow et al., “Controlled Impedance Test Apparatus for
`Studying Human Interpretation of Kinesthetic Feedback,”
`WAI1-11:00, pp. 332-337.
`Stanleyet al., “Computer Simulation of Interacting Dynamic
`Mechanical Systems Using Distributed Memory Parallel
`Processors,” DSC-vol. 42, Advances in Robotics, pp. 55-61,
`ASME 1992.
`
`Russo, “Controlling Dissipative Magnetic Particle Brakes in
`Force Reflective Devices,” DSC-vol. 42 Advances in Robot-
`ics, pp. 63-70, ASME 1992.
`Kontarinis et al., “Display of High-Frequency Tacile
`Information to Teleoperators,” 7elemanipulator Technology
`and Space Telerobotics, Won S. Kim, Editor, Proc. SPIE vol.
`2057, pp. 40-50, Sep. 7-9, 1993.
`Patrick et al., “Design and Testing of A Non-reactive,
`Fingertip, Tactile Display for Interaction with Remote
`Environments,” Cooperative Intelligent Robotics in Space,
`Rui J. deFigueiredo et al, Editor, Proc. SPIE vol. 1387, pp.
`215-222, 1990.
`Adelstein, “A Virtual Enivironment System For The Study
`of Human Arm Tremor,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of
`Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Jun. 1989, archived Mar. 13,
`1990.
`
`5
`
`

`

`US 7,027,032 B2
`Page 6
`
`Bejezy, “Sensors, Controls, and Man-MachineInterface for
`Advanced Teleoperation,” Science, vol. 208, No. 4450, pp.
`1327-1335, 1980.
`Bejezy et al., “Generalization of Bilateral Force-Reflecting
`Control Of Manipulators,” Proceedings of Fourth CISM-
`IFToMM, Sep. 8-12, 1981.
`Subsystem/Telerobot
`McAffee
`et
`al.,
`“Teleoperator
`Demonstrator: Force Reflecting Hand Controller Equipment
`Manual,” JPL 1988, JPL D-5172.
`Minsky, “Computational Haptics: The Sandpaper System
`for Synthesizing Texture for a Force-Feedback Display,”
`Ph.D. Dissertation, MIT, Jun. 1995, archived Jul. 6, 1995.
`Jacobsen et al., “High Performance, Dextrous Telerobotic
`Manipulator With I'orce Reflection,” /ntervention/ROV °91
`Conference & Exposition, Hollywood, Florida, May 21-23,
`1991.
`
`Shimoga, “Finger Force and Touch Feedback Issues in
`Dexterous Telemanipulation,” Proceedings of Fourth An-
`nual Conference on Intelligent Robotic Systems for Space
`Exploration, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Sep. 30-Oct.
`1, 1992.
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, “Mouse Ball-Actuating
`Device With Force and Tactile Feedback,” vol.32, No. 9B,
`Feb. 1990.
`
`Terry et al., “Tactile Feedback In A Computer Mouse,”
`Proceedings of l’ourteenth Annual Northeast Bioengineer-
`ing Conference, University ofNew Hampshire, Mar. 10-11,
`1988.
`
`Howe, “A Force-Reflecting Teleoperated Hand System for
`the Study of Tactile Sensing in Precision Manipulation,
`Proceedings ofthe 1992 IEEE International Conference on
`Robotics and Automation, Nice, France, May 1992.
`Eberhardt et al., “OMAR—A Haptic display for speech
`perception by deaf and deaf-blind individuals,” JEFE Virtual
`Reality Annual International Symposium, Seattle, WA, Sep.
`18-22, 1993.
`tactile displays:
`“Multidimensional
`al.,
`Rabinowitz et
`Identification of vibratory intensity, frequency, and contrac-
`tor area,” Journal of The Acoustical Society ofAmerica, vol.
`82, No. 4, Oct. 1987.
`Bejezy et al., “Kinesthetic Coupling Between Operator and
`Remote Manipulator,” International Computer Technology
`Conference,
`The American
`Society of Mechanical
`Engineers, San Francisco, CA, Aug. 12-15, 1980.
`Bejezy et al., “A Laboratory Breadboard System For Dual-
`Arm Teleoperation,’” SOAR °89 Workshop, JSC, Houston,
`TX, Jul. 25-27, 1989.
`Ouhyounget al., “A Low-Cost Force Feedback Joystick and
`Its Use in PC Video Games,” IEEE Transactions on
`Consumer Electronics, vol. 41, No. 3, Aug. 1995.
`Marcus, “Touch Feedback in Surgery,” Proceedings of
`Virtual Reality and Medicine The Cutting Edge, Sep. 8-11,
`1994.
`
`Bejezy, et al., “Universal Computer Control System (UCCS)
`For
`Space
` Telerobots,” CH2413-3/87/0000/0318501.
`001987 IEEE, 1987.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`6
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr.11, 2006
`
`Sheet 1 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`AUDIO OUT-
`
` SERIAL
`| GAME |
`
`PORT
`| PORT |
`
`
`
`
` SENSOR
`
`II
`
`
`
`1!| 1
`
`l
`
`L
`
`POWER
`
`|
`
`|!
`
`SUPPLY ~~ 40
`
`Gj
`
`J
`
`PUT DEVICE
`
`INTER-FACE
`
`
`
`FEEL
`—— |
`INPUT
`MANIP—|
`a eeee!
`SAFETY
`SWITCH
`ACTUATORS !
`30!
`41
`t—4----4-----—:saaehenietententententantententententmamiceseten 4
`
`1
`
`[
`
`7
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr.11, 2006
`
`Sheet 2 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`
`
`8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr.11, 2006
`
`Sheet 3 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`8[iJShSnL
`WZenpS
`
`n
`
`174a
`
`9
`
`
`
`

`

`AAe907 doo
`
`
`
`JOUuodJSOL{
`
`ceAeyeq
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 11, 2006
`
`Sheet 4 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`O07JONUODje007
`
`
`
`sjeuBissosues
`
`¥YOSS300U"d
`
`sgoyenjoy\_r91
`
`syeubis
`
`9¢
`
`1 lo
`
`
`
`MOVEdass3OHOS
`
`bl
`
`“WdaAHdldad
`
`!11
`
`i
`
`es
`
`400dW907
`
`SPUBWLUOD89104
`
`11i111'I11
`
`ch
`
`LSOH
`
`YaLAdNOO
`
`10
`
`10
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 11, 2006
`
`Sheet 5 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`vOEe
`
`ZuoyngguonngguoyWNg
`
`icyhe,
`[Al2]ELV)fs]eI=|]e](Ts)SI[ale(O
`
`
`
`
`djasmopui199/90upyaly
`
`Merameeis
`
`Meeeecsuoj|puoD@
`
`SOARM@Buds@eeu
`
`uo
`
`Ole
`
`yg18]u8D
`
`eI8U|
`
`Burls
`
`
`
`me][onUuDDOoj[pped
`
`
`
`,4ssaud‘djoy104
`
`olé
`
`OE
`
`OLE
`
`11
`
`11
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 11, 2006
`
`Sheet 6 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`oa
`
`zuoyng|uoyng
`
`€uoyng
`
`Zuoyng9uoyngguoyngpuoyng
`
`QOQOOO000O0
`
`00°00!
`urer)
`
`
`
`djeHsmopuiAy99lqOupyaly
`
`ey
`le
`
`PE
`
`eeu©uolou
`
`Jedweq3SUONIPUCD@
`
`JUSIDIJE0D||sixyxX]sixy
`
`oce/Buds
`puegpeeq
`uoTeINeS
`
` 10}03/A,@dogWewsGdeemsoipoued&OIPOad®SOARM@GE
`someukq@9010-4
`
`-Jajdayo>
`
`BPE
`
`SHO
`
`yuq4aque5
`
`a|Ppped
`
`Bus
`
`
`
`MB"T[OUOD
`
`1}000u
`
`yoreduy}
`
`pinbry
`
`BIUSU
`
`
`
`L4ssoud‘djay304
`
`12
`
`12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr.11, 2006
`
`Sheet 7 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`344
`
`340
`
`338
`
`+> 342
`
`236
`350
`
`Gig, 7@
`
`338
`
`350
`
`344
`
`354
`
`(342 fo
`>
`350
`
`336
`
`340 a 7}
`
`344
`
`340
`
`338
`
`350
`
`342
`
`hig, 7C
`
`13
`
`13
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr.11, 2006
`
`Sheet 8 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`360
`
`378 3
`
`374
`
`372
`
`14
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 11, 2006
`
`Sheet 9 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`0ge
`
`Pee
`
`907
`
`66€OL
`
`000000'1|poued
`
`
`
`14sseid‘djepy105
`
`
`
`
`SZS°S16|feAlequlseBbuy|00001:98yeedoy
`umetaoOO'OOr]YEOO'OOT]19407
`
`
`
`UoHNdIaJIGedojeauyq—epnyubeyy
`
`88EvorcorOIPOLeed
`
`
`
`
`[Ale]SLB1E}fsleiepole][ETS]fois][(ofeiO)
`[007001ures|0000"1)uoneung[]00001
`apesERYsoumeuka©90044
`
`Cooorsy/[o00ro]oun
`
`
`ro}010}P=aanSL)PICO@ah
`
`diesmopui,wolqdupyZey
`
`Merane)oyne
`
`
`
`miot=)lelaMeese)
`
`
`
`deemsolpoued&
`
`J0JO8/A,0dogyewsGo
`
`cO0e
`
`15
`
`15
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 11, 2006
`
`Sheet 10 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`ey)saneo>me)
`(Alals]SS(Ble) djeHsmopulm
`
`phe|(eoroe](LETC
`|LaWANTE
`
`
`000000'f]poueg|yensojuygop_2288uLyeedoy
`wes||SrZzjules|0000}
`[Ale]aleledfs]eilefale]
`[cocoon|[aT=StenS|
`
`
`LOPGEr'O}/[OL1760'0}ouny
`
`apesyOENY
`Ze6S6056]1027
`
`re]ste)¢1-YaPelaX=)TeoD)
`
`dgaMSIPOLUed
`Jedweq6onessuonipucd@
`Solpoued@oIpoLedi)
`yeladupyely
`
`
`
`uondaq
`
`16
`
`sojweuig@80104J0}E/,o
`
`16
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 11, 2006
`
`Sheet 11 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
` L4ssoid
`
`
` so1weukg@yneyequojIpuoDsixypuosesUOHIPUCDSPXISUswoalqodio4ee9SPLOPseduegq|vce\,senem@PEToNU-Tapererecad)dSUuOCHIPuOy@yooued°punodwoo@))mae
`
`
`
`BANISOgSAeboN2S¢7Oamisod SAVEDONQ/p
`
`
`JesyOpuegpeegsexyyogl]||/1esHOpuegpeeqsexyyog[4]_0
`
`0000Oooo|uojyeinjesgogool|uoReinyes
`
`
`
`
`ee0001}weroyeco/Y4689]cool]we!oyeod
`0O|oujewuwAs[]oUJEWLAS5[sez]
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`90f°DpeouenpylejduispeoueapyledwisI~OSPSOWOACL
`
`Ale]GLEfaleiseio[e]Ss)ESle!
`
`208
`
`deysmopuiy,welqGupdeit
`
`LS?
`
`17
`
`8S7
`
`09P
`
`‘djo}y404
`
`
`
`
`
`LpennUN-OIPNISFOWOsICD
`
`17
`
`
`

`

`MCESSEToleOemLOoy
`
`yneeqdodweq
`
`
`
`
`JSHOpuegpeeqsexyuylog0uoweines}}|__0]omauiwikg9OjoujeuwAg[0002|JESYOpuegpeeqsexyyOog
`
`
`UORIPUODpsauenpylajdwispeoueapy[ajdwis|UOIIPUodSIXPuoveSSIXYISIjaSIXXX}1%001
`
`
`
`
`
`qua|oyjecgderesOPGS| jualayje0D
`
`00001]00001] uoHeimes
`
`
`
`[Ale]alefete]ei=fale](Bel)Sls][ole(O
`
`Jadweg::|payun>
`
`
`dieaH™smopuinyelggupyony
`someukg@VEsenem@SUOHIPUDD@sedureq3punodwion@)
`
`
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 11, 2006
`
`Sheet 12 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`
`
`SAIISOgeAneben
`
`vor
`
`SOxyured
`
`srrelacary
`
`SoWOAel@spalgodio&®
`
`18
`
`Ldsseud‘djayyyoy
`
`18
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 11, 2006
`
`Sheet 13 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`
`
`SOUPRADYja;dw
`
`il
`
`Sexyules)
`
`Jadweq
`
`ICD
`
`0OjoujowuwAsTl]v6P8Lb|oujewwAsC][000s]
`
`
` egmee) Ale]Le)feletseole](Blais)Sseo
`
`eanebaneANSOgsAVeEbeN
`
`
` 00001|QOOl| ywaloyjeogLOGILOL}|jualoiyeod
`
`
`
`
`
`
`UOIHPUucydSIXyPuodVEeS
`
`pooueapy|eldwisg
`uoHeunyes0929Z61L9UOHeINeS
`
`
`
`}SYOpuegpeegsexyyog[_]}_0
`
`
`sop”peouenpy[erduas
`elb[aSY]|2001x
`
`
`UOHIPUODSIXyISJ14
`ptclellSicTqbeam=)1bgear)
`
`dey”smopulntyelqGpyoy|pannun-olpms
`
`
`SOHOS
`
`Ljsseud‘diay404
`
`sauoAej@spalqodin@soiueukg@serem@SUOMPUOD@
`
`19
`
`19
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 11, 2006
`
`Sheet 14 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`elamecaty
`1SYOpuegpeeqsexywogl]
`
`
`0OjoujeuwAS[J
`
`UOHIPUOTSIXPUOSES
`
`
`Ale]GE)Blotseiole]Fa]SSBem
`
`sexyyiog[]909¢26721|omewwAs[}[00°0s|JesyOpuegpeaq
`
`soAeM@Treaeean)SUOIPUOD@Jedweq3.
`spalqodio®urepsoueukg@Jedweqg
`
`
`die”smopuiy™yosiqdupzelt
`
`
`iak=)PUPSMeme)|°LA}eenFOtas@on
`
`waroyeoy
`
`uoneinyes
`
`jUa!D1Ye0D
`
`uorenes
`
`
`
`Lasseid‘djayu0g
`
`
`
`peourapy|ejdwis
`
`sejoae4@)
`
`ay
`
`20
`
`punodwog©)
`
`20
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 11, 2006
`
`Sheet 15 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`[ce]7|
`
`AON
`
`Buds SUIFToISHMnelaRcoe)
`yesHOpuegpeegsexyYog(]
`oO]oJomoauuAS[]
`OCOCcOL|uolzeinjzes
`(29
`
`
`SIXYISUfaSR]b6rUORIPUOD|se001|—957,
`
`19Spuegpeeg
`
`
`a,peoueapylejduns|rt«~~~26h
`00001]00001|860E
`
`1996}
`
`
`oujeuuAs[7][se'96]
`sexyyjog0udlEanyes
`
`io[TO]ILI]e|
`cadesedureq
`
`qugOyjaod
`Buuds
`
`diaysmopuiyyHalaupoy
`menamec)
`
`MUlaeelsee):OnmLee
`IS]lole!O
`queun9yeBuds@Budsrs]juaingyeadojs@adols@eno
`
`ejbuyeseuegesuy Buudsajbuy©edojs
`
`
`LJsseud‘djey}]40-4
`
`remsxv@s19IUegSy©enejouy
`spelqodid®soweuig@
`JadweqSad
`SUOHIPUCD@punodwoo@)
`
`00€
`
`867
`
`EE)
`
`SOxurer)
`
`
`
` BAIISOgeAlebeN
`q96r_967
`
`OS
`
`Zerg]
`
`uoHoUs
`
`21
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 11, 2006
`
`Sheet 16 of 25
`
`US 7,027,032 B2
`
`
`
`BANISOdSAleben
`
`00$
`
`|
`
`Ok]11)00)meme2/oslotO)oOmmLGD)
`
`JesyOpuegpeegsexyyog[_]
`000000001] uoHeinjes
`
`
`00oLQ00L|ualaye0D
`
`0OjoujowwAs(]
`UONIPUODSIxyPUdDES
`
`
`
`puegpeeqsexyyjog[]}_0€SZ

This document is available on Docket Alarm but you must sign up to view it.


Or .

Accessing this document will incur an additional charge of $.

After purchase, you can access this document again without charge.

Accept $ Charge
throbber

Still Working On It

This document is taking longer than usual to download. This can happen if we need to contact the court directly to obtain the document and their servers are running slowly.

Give it another minute or two to complete, and then try the refresh button.

throbber

A few More Minutes ... Still Working

It can take up to 5 minutes for us to download a document if the court servers are running slowly.

Thank you for your continued patience.

This document could not be displayed.

We could not find this document within its docket. Please go back to the docket page and check the link. If that does not work, go back to the docket and refresh it to pull the newest information.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

You need a Paid Account to view this document. Click here to change your account type.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

Set your membership status to view this document.

With a Docket Alarm membership, you'll get a whole lot more, including:

  • Up-to-date information for this case.
  • Email alerts whenever there is an update.
  • Full text search for other cases.
  • Get email alerts whenever a new case matches your search.

Become a Member

One Moment Please

The filing “” is large (MB) and is being downloaded.

Please refresh this page in a few minutes to see if the filing has been downloaded. The filing will also be emailed to you when the download completes.

Your document is on its way!

If you do not receive the document in five minutes, contact support at support@docketalarm.com.

Sealed Document

We are unable to display this document, it may be under a court ordered seal.

If you have proper credentials to access the file, you may proceed directly to the court's system using your government issued username and password.


Access Government Site

We are redirecting you
to a mobile optimized page.





Document Unreadable or Corrupt

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket

We are unable to display this document.

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket