UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`__________________________
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`__________________________
`
`INTEL CORPORATION,
`PetitionerDELL INC., and DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.,
`Petitioners
`v.
`AX Wireless
`Patent Owner.
`
`___________________
`
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`_____________________
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT 10,079,707
`
`Mail Stop PATENT BOARD
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent & Trademark Office
`
`162808491.1
`
`DELL-1048
`10,079,707
`
`
`__________________________
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`__________________________
`
`INTEL CORPORATION,
`PetitionerDELL INC., and DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.,
`Petitioners
`v.
`AX Wireless
`Patent Owner.
`
`___________________
`
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`_____________________
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT 10,079,707
`
`Mail Stop PATENT BOARD
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent & Trademark Office
`
`162808491.1
`
`DELL-1048
`10,079,707
`
`
`
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`156879543.20
`156879543.26
`
`156879543.37
`162808491.1
`165669021.3
`Internal Use - Confidential
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`- 2 -
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`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`I.
`II.
`III.
`
`V.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`GROUNDS FOR STANDING
`IDENTIFICATION OF CHALLENGE
`A. Prior Art
`B. Grounds For Challenge
`IV.
`’707 PATENT OVERVIEW
`A. Level Of Ordinary Skill In The Art
`B. Claim Construction
`GROUND 1: COMBINATION OF HANSEN AND JULY 2005
`WWISE RENDERS CLAIMS 1-3, 5, 7-11, AND 13
`OBVIOUS.
`A. Combination Overview
`1. Hansen
`a.
`TGn Sync Proposal
`b.
`January 2005 WWiSE Proposal
`c. Hansen’s Greenfield PPDU
`July 2005 WWiSE
`2.
`3. Motivation to Combine
`Independent Claim 1
`1.
`Preamble
`2.
`“Wireless OFDM Receiver” Limitations
`a.
`First and Second Packet Types
`b.
`“Wireless OFDM Receiver”
`“Packet Type” Limitations
`a.
`“First Packet Type”
`(i) Content
`
`B.
`
`3.
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`162808491.1
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`1
`1
`1
`1
`4
`4
`9
`10
`
`10
`10
`10
`12
`14
`15
`16
`19
`2625
`26
`28
`28
`30
`33
`33
`33
`
`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`(continued)
`
`4.
`
`(ii) Order of Transmission/Reception
`b.
`“Second Packet Type”
`(i) Content
`(ii) Order of Transmission/Reception
`“Demodulator” Limitations
`a.
`“First Packet Type” - Order of Symbol Demodulation
`b.
`“Second Packet Type” - Order of Symbol Demodulation
`c.
`“Received in a Different Order” Limitations [1K]/[1L]
`Independent Claim 9
`C.
`D. Dependent Claims
`1. Claims 2, 3, 10, 11
`2. Claims 5, 13
`3. Claims 7 and 8
`VI. GROUND 2: THE COMBINATION OF HANSEN, JULY
`2005 WWISE, AND CHOI RENDERS CLAIMS 1-3, 5, 7-11,
`AND 13 OBVIOUS.
`A. Overview and Motivation to Combine
`B.
`Independent Claim 1
`C.
`Independent Claim 9
`D. Dependent Claims
`VII. DISCRETIONARY DENIAL IS NOT APPROPRIATE.
`VIII. MANDATORY NOTICES
`A. Real Party In Interest
`B. Related Matters
`C. Notice Of Counsel And Service Information
`IX. CONCLUSION
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`Page
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`60
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`63
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`64
`65
`70
`72
`72
`72
`74
`74
`7475
`7475
`7576
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`
`
`Exhibit
`1001
`1002
`1003
`
`1004
`1005
`1006
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`1007
`1008
`1009
`1010
`1011
`1012
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`1013
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`1014
`1015
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`1016
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
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`EXHIBIT LIST
`
`Reference
`
`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`File History of the ’707 patent
`Declaration of Thomas LaPorta, Ph.D. in Support of Inter Partes
`Review of U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Thomas LaPorta
`U.S. Patent Publication 2006/0182017 to Hansen, et al (“Hansen”)
`IEEE 802.11-05/0149r5, “WWiSE Proposal: High Throughput
`Extension to the 802.11 Standard” to Kose, et al, uploaded and
`publicly available on July 9, 2005 (“July 2005 WWiSE”)
`Declaration of James L. Lansford, Ph.D.
`U.S. Patent Publication 2005/0243774 to Choi, et al (“Choi”)
`U.S. Provisional Application 61/235,909 (“the ’707 Provisional”)
`U.S. Patent 8,737,189 to Hansen, et al (“Hansen Patent’)
`U.S. Provisional Application 60/653,429 (“Hansen Provisional”)
`IEEE 802.11-04/0889r3, “TGn Sync Proposal Technical
`Specification” to Mujtaba, uploaded and publicly available on
`January 20, 2005
`IEEE 802.11-04/0886r6, “WWiSE Proposal: High Throughput
`Extension to the 802.11 Standard” to Hansen, et al, uploaded and
`publicly available on January 6, 2005 (“January 2005 WWiSE”)
`U.S. Patent Publication 2007/0115802 to Yu (“Yu”)
`IEEE Std. 802.11a-1999, “Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access
`Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications:
`High-Speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band”, approved
`September 16, 1999 (“802.11a”)
`Declaration of David Ringle for 802.11a-1999 - IEEE Standard for
`Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems –
`LAN/MAN Specific Requirements - Part 11: Wireless Medium
`Access Control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications:
`High-Speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band, date of publication
`December 30, 1999
`
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
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`Exhibit
`1017
`
`1018
`
`1019
`
`1020
`
`1021
`
`1022
`
`1023
`
`1024
`
`1025
`
`1026
`1027
`
`1028
`
`1029
`
`1030
`
`Reference
`IEEE Std. 802.11n-2009, “Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access
`Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications:
`Amendment 5: Enhancements for Higher Throughput” (“802.11n”)
`Editor for G.9960, “ITU-T Recommendation G.9960 Next
`Generation Wire-line Based Home Networking
`Transceivers-Foundation”, ITU-T SG15/Q4, January 2009, as filed
`in file wrapper of the ’707 patent
`Intellon Corporation, “G.hn: Extended PHY frame header,” ITU-T
`SG15/Q4, 09XC-119, Xian, China, July 2009, as filed in file
`wrapper of the ’707 patent
`CopperGate Communication, “G.hn: Using Two Symbols for the
`Header of a PHY frame on Coax,” ITU-T SG15/Q4, 09XC-100,
`Xian, China July 2009, as filed in file wrapper of the ’707 patent
`J. Lörincz, et al, “Physical Layer Analysis of Emerging IEEE
`802.11n WLAN Standard”, 8th International Conference Advanced
`Communication Technology (February 20-22, 2006); added to IEEE
`Xplore May 8, 2006
`R. Van Nee, et al., “OFDM for Wireless Multimedia
`Communications”, Artech House Publishers (2000)
`A. Bahai, et al., “Multi-Carrier Digital Communications Theory and
`Applications of OFDM”, Springer (2004)
`D. Tse, et al., “Fundamentals of Wireless Communication”,
`Cambridge University (2005)
`J. Heiskala, et al., “OFDM Wireless LANs: A Theoretical and
`Practical Guide”, Sams Publishing (2002)
`RESERVED
`J. Cox, “Stage Set for Compromise on IEEE High-Speed Wireless”,
`Network World (March 21, 2005)
`M. Reardon, “New Wi-Fi Standard Takes the Slow Road”, CNET
`(May 20, 2005)
`S. Mujtaba, et al., IEEE 802.11-05/786r0, “TGn Sync, WWiSE, and
`Mitmot Closing Report”, presentation submission, submitted and
`publicly available on July 21, 2005.
`S. Coffey, IEEE 802.11-05/0737r0, “WWiSE IEEE 802.11n
`
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`Exhibit
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
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`Reference
`Proposal”, presentation submission, submitted and publicly available
`on July 9, 2005
`M. Gast, “802.11 Wireless Networks: The Definitive Guide”,
`O’Reilly (2002)
`Infringement Contents with Appendices served in AX Wireless LLC
`v. Dell Inc. et al., and AX Wireless LLC v. HP Inc., U.S. District
`Court Eastern District of Texas, Case Numbers 2:22-cv-00277 and
`2:22-cv-00279, November 3, 2022
`U.S. Patent 7,415,074 (Appendix C to INTELDELL-1007)
`A. Stephens, “802.11 ‘Decrypted’”, ACM SIGCOMM Computer
`Communication Review, Vol. 35, No. 2 (April 2005) (Appendix D
`to Lansford Declaration, INTELDELL-1007).
`R. Kay, “Sidebar: The Battle for 11n”, ComputerWorld (March 13,
`2006)
`“‘WWiSE’ Consortium, Motorola Team on Proposal for IEEE
`802.11n”, Wireless Design Online (February 24, 2005)
`1037 WWiSE Industry Organization Press Release, “‘WWiSE’
`Consortium and Motorola Team to Offer Enhanced Proposal for
`IEEE 802.11n” (February 24, 2005); archived on April 6, 2005 at
`https://web.archive.org/web/20050406073808/http://www.wwise.org
`/pressreleasefeb23.htmhttps://web.archive.org/web/200504060738
`08/http://www.wwise.org/pressreleasefeb23.htm.
`IEEE 802.11-04/422r4, “New Participant Orientation”, presentation
`submission (July 2004) (Appendix A to Lansford Declaration,
`INTELDELL-1007)
`IEEE 802.11-04/736r1, “Approved Minutes of the IEEE P802.11
`Full Working Group”, Minutes (July 2004) (Appendix B to Lansford
`Declaration, INTELDELL-1007)
`B. O’Hara, The IEEE 802.11 Handbook, Standards Information
`Network, IEEE Press, 1999
`Jan. 11, 2024 Letter from Sarah Piepmeier letter to Kevin Wheeler
`regarding Dell Stipulation
`Sixth Amended Docket Control Order, AX Wireless LLC v. Dell Inc.
`et al., No. 2:22-cv-00277-RWS-RSP (E.D. Tex. Feb. 26, 2024), ECF
`No. 171
`
`1031
`
`1032
`
`1033
`1034
`
`1035
`
`1036
`
`1038
`
`1039
`
`1040
`
`1041
`
`1042
`
`162808491.1
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
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`Exhibit
`1043
`
`1044
`
`1045
`
`1046
`
`1047
`
`1048
`
`Reference
`Third Amended Docket Control Order, AX Wireless LLC v. Lenovo
`Grp. Ltd., No. 2:22-cv-00280-RWS-RSP (E.D. Tex. Oct. 31, 2023),
`ECF No. 130
`Docket Control Order, LightGuide, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc., et al.,
`No. 2:22-cv-00433-RWS-RSP (E.D. Tex. May 15, 2023)
`Docket Control Order, Textron Innovations Inc., v. SZ DJI Tech. Co.,
`Ltd, et al., No. 2:22-cv-0351-RWS-RSP (E.D. Tex. May 11, 2023)
`“Time to Milestones – Judges: Robert W. Schroeder, III Case
`Filing Date: On or After Jan. 1st, 2008,” Docket Navigator
`Dell’s Opposed Motion for Stay Pending IPR, AX Wireless LLC v.
`Dell Inc. et al., No. 2:22-cv-00277-RWS-RSP (E.D. Tex. Mar. 13,
`2024), ECF No. 179
`Comparison between the current Petition and petition in
`IPR2023-01136
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`162808491.1
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
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`I. Introduction
`Intel Corporation (“IntelDell Inc. and Dell Technology Inc. (collectively
`
`“Dell” or “Petitioner”) petitionspetition for inter partes review (“IPR”) of U.S.
`
`Patent 10,079,707 (“the ’707 patent”; INTELDELL-1001) claims 1-3, 5, 7-11, and
`
`13.
`
`II. Grounds For Standing
`IntelDell certifies the ’707 patent is available for IPR, and IntelDell is not
`
`barred or estopped from requesting IPR.
`
`Identification Of Challenge
`III.
`A. Prior Art
`The ’707 patent claims priority through a series of continuations to U.S.
`
`Patent 9,584,262, filed August 20, 2010. The ’707 patent also claims benefit to
`
`Provisional Application 61/235,909, filed August 21, 2009 (“’707 Provisional”;
`
`INTELDELL-1009). Petitioner does not acquiesce that the ’707 patent is entitled
`
`to priority to any of these prior applications. Regardless, each reference was
`
`published or issued prior to August 21, 2009.
`
`1.
`
`U.S. Patent Publication 2006/0182017 to Hansen, et al (“Hansen”;
`
`INTELDELL-1005), published August 17, 2006, is prior art under pre-AIA 35
`
`U.S.C. §102(b).
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`2.
`
`“WWiSE Proposal: High throughput extension to the 802.11
`
`Standard” to Kose, et al (“July 2005 WWiSE”; INTELDELL-1006) is prior art
`
`under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. pre-AIA §102(b) because the document was available
`
`and accessible to the public on July 9, 2005. (See INTELDELL-1007, ¶24.) July
`
`2005 WWiSE was a submission made to Task Group n (“TGn”) of the IEEE
`
`802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (“WLAN”) Working Group. During the
`
`2004-2005 timeframe, IEEE Working Group members could provide submissions.
`
`(INTELDELL-1007, ¶15.) Members made these submissions through the IEEE
`
`802 Wireless World website,
`
`http://802wirelessworld.comhttp://802wirelessworld.com. (INTELDELL-1007,
`
`¶16; INTELDELL-1038 (New Participant Orientation Slides), 35-37;
`
`INTELDELL-1039 (July 2004 Meeting Minutes), 5.)
`
`All submissions were accessible to any member of the public after free
`
`registration through the Wireless World website. (INTELDELL-1007, ¶18;
`
`INTELDELL-1038 (New Participant Orientation Slides), 25-30 (describing
`
`process of becoming a member).) After creating an account, an individual could
`
`view the “Working Group Document Listing” and download any submissions that
`
`had been uploaded. (INTELDELL-1038 (New Participant Orientation Slides), 35;
`
`INTELDELL-1007, ¶18.) Submissions were also publicly available to any
`
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`member of the public via FTP at ftp.wirelessworld.com. (INTELDELL-1007, ¶19;
`
`INTELDELL-1038 (New Participant Orientation Slides), 35 (describing process
`
`for creating a free account).) The FTP server’s address and login credentials were
`
`also publicly available. (INTELDELL-1007, ¶19, citing INTELDELL-1033 and
`
`INTELDELL-1034)).
`
`In mid-2007, the IEEE’s current Mentor website (“Mentor”) replaced the
`
`Wireless World website. (INTELDELL-1007, ¶21.) Prior submissions uploaded to
`
`the Wireless World server were added to Mentor shortly after its creation.
`
`(INTELDELL-1007, ¶21.) The uploaded documents retained their original
`
`submission upload dates. (INTELDELL-1007, ¶21.) Mentor and all its documents
`
`have been freely available to members of the public since soon after its creation in
`
`2007 and before August 21, 2009. (INTELDELL-1007, ¶21.) Entries in Mentor
`
`were and remain searchable by year, task group, title, or other parameters.
`
`(INTELDELL-1007, ¶22.)
`
`July 2005 WWiSE was uploaded to the IEEE database on July 9, 2005, at
`
`which time it would have been available to interested members of the public
`
`through the Wireless World website or by FTP. (INTELDELL-1007, ¶¶18-29,
`
`24.) After mid-2007 and before August 21, 2009, July 2005 WWiSE would have
`
`been available to interested members of the public through Mentor.
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`(INTELDELL-1007, ¶¶18-18, 21, 24.) Interested members of the public would
`
`have been aware of the proposals made to IEEE by WWiSE because they were
`
`frequently discussed in 2004 and 2005 in industry publications. (See, e.g.,
`
`INTELDELL-1021, INTELDELL-1027, INTELDELL-1035; INTELDELL-1036;
`
`INTELDELL-1037.)
`
`For at least these reasons, July 2005 WWiSE was publicly accessible prior
`
`to the earliest possible priority date of the ’707 patent to a person of ordinary skill
`
`in the art (“POSITA”) exercising reasonable diligence. See GoPro, Inc. v. Contour
`
`IP Holding LLC, 908 F.3d 690, 693 (Fed. Cir. 2018).
`
`3.
`
`U.S. Patent Publication 2005/0243774 to Choi, et al (“Choi”;
`
`INTELDELL-1008), published November 3, 2005, is prior art under 35 U.S.C.
`
`§102(b).
`
`None of the applied references were cited in or discussed during
`
`prosecution of the ’707 patent or cited in or discussed during prosecution in any
`
`of the patents to which the ’707 patent claims priority, weighing heavily against
`
`discretionary denial under 35 U.S.C. §325(d).
`
`B. Grounds For Challenge
`
`Claims
`1-3, 5, 7-11, 13
`
`Prior Art
`Hansen and July 2005 WWiSE
`
`round
`103
`
`1G
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`2
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`103
`
`1-3, 5, 7-11, 13
`
`Hansen, July 2005 WWiSE, and Choi
`
`IV.
`
`’707 Patent Overview
`The ’707 patent is “directed toward header repetition in a communications
`
`environment.” (INTELDELL-1001, 1:27-30.) The ’707 patent describes four
`
`different header configurations, illustrated in Figure 1. The value of D in Figure 1
`
`corresponds to the number of repetitions of the header and the value of H in
`
`Figure 1 corresponds to the number of symbols required for a single header (e.g.,
`
`whether the header is extended). In the first example where H=1 and D=1, the
`
`packet includes a “preamble followed by a header followed by a payload.”
`
`(INTELDELL-1001, 5:50-53.) This example represents a simple “one-part”
`
`header field. In the second example where H=1 and D=2, the packet includes a
`
`preamble followed by a header that is repeated, which is followed by the payload.
`
`(INTELDELL-1001, 5:50-53.) This “repeated header” example includes a
`
`“two-part” header field with each part carrying the same information.
`
`(INTELDELL-1001, 5:53-56.)
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`’707 Patent, Figure 1
`
`In the third example where H=2 and D=1, the packet includes a preamble
`
`and a header followed by a header extension and the payload.
`
`(INTELDELL-1001, 5:56-58.) This “extended header” example is also a
`
`“two-part” header field but in this example the two parts carry different
`
`information. (See, e.g., INTELDELL-1001, 5:64-67.) And in the fourth example
`
`where H=2 and D=2, the packet includes a preamble, a header which is repeated,
`
`and a header extension which is also repeated, followed by the payload.
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`(INTELDELL-1001, 5:58-61.) This “repeated, extended header” example is a
`
`“four-part” header field with the first and second parts carrying the same
`
`information and the third and fourth parts carrying the same information.
`
`(INTELDELL-1001, 5:60-62.) In the Notice of Allowance, the Examiner pointed
`
`to the third and fourth example as the basis for allowance, finding the “prior art of
`
`record fails to disclose the first header field (i.e., Figure 1 “(3)”) and the second
`
`header field (i.e., Figure 1 “(4)”). (INTELDELL-1002 (NOA), 2.)
`
`The extended and/or repeated headers of the ’707 patent can be used in
`
`communications systems such as ITU G.9960 (G.hn) and IEEE 802.11 that use
`
`“frame-based (or packet-based) transmission to communication [sic] between two
`
`or more users over a shared channel based on Orthogonal Frequency Division
`
`Multiplexing (OFDM1).” (INTELDELL-1001, 1:34-44; see also, INTEL-1001id.,
`
`4:32-49.) The ’707 patent acknowledges that, prior to its earliest possible priority
`
`date, G.9960 “has defined two overlapped baseband bandplans, 50MHz-PB and
`
`100MH-PB” and the “possibility of having narrower bandplans such as 25
`
`MHz-PB and 12.5 MHz-PB are under discussion.” (INTELDELL-1001, 2:16-20;
`
`See also, INTEL-1001id., 1:56-59 (noting that G.9960 “should be familiar to
`
`1 An acronym list is provided in Appendix B.
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`those skilled in the art”).) Thus, the ’707 patent admits the existing ITU G.9960
`
`standard supported two channel bandwidthsone at least two times wider than
`
`the other.
`
`The generic transceiver 200 described for use in these systems includes
`
`header assembly module 220, modulation module 230, demodulation module 240,
`
`transmitter 250, encoding module 260, decoding module 270, receiver 280, and
`
`controller/processor 290. (INTELDELL-1001, 6:13-21; Figure 2 below.)
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`’707 patent, Figure 2
`
` Applicant, Applied Transform, LLC, did not invent the concept of
`
`extending the header of an OFDM packet, nor did the Applicant invent the
`
`concept of repeating the OFDM packet header. To the contrary, these two
`
`concepts were publicly disclosed and openly discussed prior to August 21, 2009,
`
`during development of the ITU-T G.hn (next generation home network
`
`technology) standardsa fact PO openly admits in its provisional application.
`
`(See INTELDELL-1009, 21-22; INTELDELL-1019; INTELDELL-1020;
`
`INTELDELL-1003, ¶¶37-38.)
`
`The ITU-T G.hn standards group was not the only standards group openly
`
`discussing the concepts of repeating and extending a physical layer header prior to
`
`the earliest possible priority date of August 2009. Four years before ITU-T G.hn
`
`considered these concepts, the IEEE 802.11 TGn working group discussed similar
`
`proposals from the TGn Sync and WWiSE industry groups during development of
`
`the IEEE 802.11n standard. (INTELDELL-1012, 133:7-134:2 (disclosing a 2
`
`symbol (“extended”) header); INTELDELL-1006, 69:16-19, 67:1-69:17 (Figures
`
`007-Figure 016, illustrating duplicate SIG-N header fields); INTELDELL-1003,
`
`¶38.)
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
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`The challenged claims of the ’707 patent therefore do nothing more than
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`co-opt ideas disclosed in standards submissions from other companies and wrap
`
`these ideas onto a broadly recited, yet extremely well-known, wireless OFDM
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`transceiver architecture.
`
`A. Level Of Ordinary Skill In The Art
`A POSITA at the time of the purported invention would have had at least a
`
`master’s degree in electrical engineering or similar discipline, and/or two to three
`
`years of experience working or conducting research in the field of wireless
`
`communication protocols, or an equivalent combination of education and
`
`experience. (INTELDELL-1003, ¶62.)
`
`B. Claim Construction
`Claim terms are typically given their ordinary and customary meanings as
`
`understood by a POSITA at the time of the invention. Phillips v. AWH Corp., 415
`
`F.3d 1303, 1312-16 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (en banc). Petitioner does not believe it is
`
`necessary for the Board to expressly construe any term for the purpose of this IPR
`
`proceeding. See Vivid Techs., Inc. v. Am. Sci. & Eng’g, Inc., 200 F.3d 795, 803
`
`(Fed. Cir. 1999).
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
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`V. GROUND 1: Combination of Hansen and July 2005 WWiSE Renders
`Claims 1-3, 5, 7-11, and 13 Obvious.
`A. Combination Overview
`1. Hansen
`Hansen is U.S. Patent Publication of Application 11/151,772 which
`
`matured into U.S. Patent 8,737,189 (“Hansen Patent”; INTELDELL-1010).
`
`Hansen relates to “compromise greenfield preambles for 802.11n.”
`
`(INTELDELL-1005, ¶7.)
`
`Hansen explained that IEEE 802.11 task group N (“TGn”) was “chartered
`
`to develop a standard to enable WLAN devices to achieve throughput rates
`
`beyond 100 Mbits/s” which will “be documented in IEEE resolution 802.11n.”
`
`(INTELDELL-1005, ¶9.) According to Hansen, one objective of TGn was to
`
`“enable WLAN devices compatible with IEEE 802.11n to also interoperate with
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`IEEE 802.11 devices that are not compatible with IEEE 802.11n” (referred to as
`
`“legacy” devices). (INTELDELL-1011, ¶38; see also, INTELDELL-1005, ¶32,
`
`INTELDELL-1005, ¶¶1, 6 (incorporating Hansen Provisional by reference).) This
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`“backward compatible” access is referred to as “mixed mode access.”
`
`(INTELDELL-1005, ¶32.) In mixed mode access, a physical layer frame includes
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`“legacy” information for non-IEEE 802.11n compatible devices and 802.11n
`
`information for IEEE 802.11n compatible devices. (See INTELDELL-1005, ¶32.)
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
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`TGn also recognized IEEE 802.11n-compatible devices that only
`
`communicate with other IEEE 802.11n-compatible devices can operate in a
`
`greenfield access mode. (INTELDELL-1005, ¶32.) In greenfield mode, the
`
`physical layer frame (packet) does not require inclusion of the “legacy”
`
`information and can therefore be shortened to omit that information, further
`
`improving throughput. (See INTELDELL-1005, ¶27; see, e.g.,
`
`INTELDELL-1011, ¶55 (describing efficiency gain with greenfield);
`
`INTELDELL-1005, ¶¶1, 6.)
`
`Two competing proposals emerged in TGn as “candidates for incorporation
`
`in IEEE 802.11n.” (INTELDELL-1005, ¶9.) The first proposal, from the TGn
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`Sync industry group, provided a mechanism to support mixed mode access but did
`
`“not provide a mechanism to support greenfield access.” (INTELDELL-1005,
`
`¶33.) The second proposal, from the Worldwide Spectrum Efficiency (WWiSE)
`
`industry group, provided mechanisms to support both greenfield and mixed mode
`
`access. (See, e.g., INTELDELL-1006, 67:1-69:7 (depicting mixed mode and
`
`greenfield training structures).) Hansen sought to bridge the gap between these
`
`two competing proposals. (See, e.g., INTELDELL-1005, Title, ¶¶7, 11, 27.)
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
`
` TGn Sync Proposal2
`a.
`Hansen first describes the mixed mode physical protocol data unit (PPDU)
`
`preamble and header from the TGn Sync proposal. (See INTELDELL-1005,
`
`¶¶61-76.) This preamble and header 402, illustrated below for a single spatial
`
`stream, comprises a legacy (L) portion to be used by non-802.11n devices and a
`
`High Throughput (HT) portion to be used by 802.11n devices.
`
`(INTELDELL-1005, ¶61, Figure 4a, compare INTELDELL-1012, 131:10-13,
`
`121:1-2 (Figure 55).) The legacy portion includes a 24-bit (one symbol) header
`
`field (L-SIG), shaded pink in annotated Figure 4a (below, middle) and illustrated
`
`in Figure 4b (below, top). (INTELDELL-1005, ¶¶62, 66, compare
`
`INTELDELL-1012, 131:10-13, 121:1-2 (Figure 55).)
`
`2 A copy of the January 2005 TGn Sync proposal forming the basis of
`
`Hansen’s discussion is provided as INTELDELL-1012. (See INTELDELL-1007,
`
`¶31 (discussing the public availability of the January 2005 TGn Sync Proposal on
`
`January 20, 2005); INTELDELL-1003, ¶69.)
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
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`Hansen, Annotated Figures 4b (top), 4a (middle), 4c (bottom)
`
`The HT portion includes a 48-bit, two symbol header field (HT-SIG),
`
`shaded blue in annotated Figure 4a (above, middle) and illustrated in annotated
`
`Figure 4c (above, bottom). (See INTELDELL-1005, ¶¶62, 67 (HT-SIG header
`
`field “for mixed mode access in accordance with a TGn Sync proposal”);
`
`compare INTELDELL-1012, 134:1-2 (Figure 62), 121:1-2 (Figure 55).) The part
`
`of HT-SIG (shaded green in annotated Figure 4c above, bottom), corresponding to
`
`one symbol in the transmitted PPDU, includes length and modulation and coding
`
`scheme (MCS) fields. (See INTELDELL-1005, ¶67; INTELDELL-1012, 134:1-2
`
`(mapping first 24 bits of HT-SIG field to first symbol.) The TGn Sync proposal
`
`refers to this part of the HT-SIG header field as HT-SIG1. (INTELDELL-1012,
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`134:1-2.) The second part (shaded red in annotated Figure 4c above, bottom),
`
`corresponding to a second symbol in the transmitted PPDU, includes, among
`
`other fields, the advanced coding, sounding packet, number of HT-LTF, and
`
`20/40 bandwidth fields. (See INTELDELL-1005, ¶67; INTELDELL-1012,
`
`134:1-2 (mapping second 24 bits of HT-SIG field to second symbol).) The TGn
`
`Sync proposal refers to this part of the HT-SIG header field as HT-SIG2.
`
`(INTELDELL-1012, 134:1-2.) For ease of discussion, Petitioner adopts the
`
`HT-SIG1 and HT-SIG2 terminology used in the TGn Sync proposal to refer to the
`
`separate parts of the two-part HT-SIG header field.
`
`January 2005 WWiSE Proposal3
`b.
`Unlike the TGn Sync proposal, the January 2005 WWiSE proposal
`
`referenced in Hansen includes PPDUs for both mixed mode and greenfield access.
`
`(See, e.g., INTELDELL-1013, 50:16-52:7 (Figures 007-016).) The training and
`
`3 A copy of the WWiSE proposal by Hansen which forms the basis of
`
`Hansen’s WWiSE discussion, is provided as INTELDELL-1013. (See
`
`INTELDELL-1007, ¶¶25-26 (discussing the public availability of the January
`
`2005 WWiSE proposal); INTELDELL-1003, ¶74.) Petitioner refers to this version
`
`of the WWiSE proposal as the “January 2005 WWiSE” proposal to distinguish it
`
`from the July 2005 WWiSE proposal used as a reference in Petitioner’s Grounds.
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
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`header fields 502 for an exemplary January 2005 greenfield PPDU are illustrated
`
`in Figure 5a below (top) for a single spatial stream. (INTELDELL-1005, ¶77.)
`
`Training and header fields 502 include a Signal-N header field 508 (shaded pink),
`
`illustrated in Figure 5b below (bottom). (INTELDELL-1005, ¶¶77, 79, compare
`
`INTELDELL-1013, 50:16-18 (Figure 007), 53:8-10.)
`
`Hansen, Excerpt for Annotated Figure 5a (top), Figure 5b (bottom)
`
`c. Hansen’s Greenfield PPDU
`Hansen next presents a “compromise” PPDU that combines WWiSE’s
`
`concept of a greenfield PPDU with a TGn Sync-style format for HT fields.
`
`(Compare INTELDELL-1005, Figures 4a, 5a, and 6a.) By using TGn Sync’s
`
`HT-SIG field, the “compromise” PPDU also includes a “sounding field”, not
`
`present in the January 2005 WWiSE proposal. (See INTELDELL-1005, ¶27.) The
`
`training and header fields of Hansen’s “compromise” greenfield PPDU are
`
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
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`illustrated in the excerpt from Figure 6a below showing a single spatial stream.
`
`(See INTELDELL-1005, ¶¶87-110.) Hansen’s training and header fields include
`
`short and long training fields (HT-STF/HT-LTF) and a Signal*-N1 field 612
`
`(shaded pink). (INTELDELL-1005, ¶87.) The Signal*-N1 field 612 is
`
`“represented as described in Fig. 4c” which, as discussed above, discloses the
`
`two-part extended HT-SIG field (shaded green (first part) and shaded red (second
`
`part)) from the TGn Sync proposal. (INTELDELL-1005, ¶97 (“the Signal*-N
`
`field be [sic] represented as described in FIG. 4c”).) The embodiment using the
`
`header field (HT-SIG) from Figure 4c in Figure 6a’s preamble and training fields
`
`is referred to herein as “Hansen’s ‘compromise’ greenfield PPDU.”
`
`Hansen, Excerpt from Annotated Figure 6a (top); Figure 4c (bottom)
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
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`July 2005 WWiSE
`2.
`July 2005 WWiSE is a proposal submitted to the TGn working group by the
`
`WWiSE industry group building on the January 2005 proposal discussed in
`
`Hansen. (INTELDELL-1006, 1.) Specifically, July 2005 WWiSE adds an
`
`extended range (ER) capability for 802.11n compliant devices.
`
`(INTELDELL-1006, 1, 31, 46-48, 50, 67-70.)
`
`The format of a July 2005 WWiSE greenfield PPDU, illustrated in Figure
`
`001 below, consists of a preamble, the Signal-N field (also referred to as SIG-N),
`
`and data. (INTELDELL-1006, 58:17-19.)
`
`July 2005 WWiSE’s SIGNAL-N (SIG-N) field “is separately defined for a
`
`mandatory standard configuration and an optional ‘extended communication
`
`range’ configuration (ER).” (INTELDELL-1006, 69:10-11.) In the mandatory
`
`standard configuration (also referred to as normal range (NR)), “SIG-N is
`
`composed of a single MIMO-OFDM symbol that provides all length and
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`IPR2023-011362024-00685
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`configuration parameters” associated with the greenfield PPDU.
`
`(INTELDELL-1006, 69:13-14.)
`
`In the extended range configuration (ER), “SIG-N is composed of two
`
`consecutive MIMO-OFDM symbols: The SIG-N MIMO-OFDM symbol is
`
`followed by a second MIMO-OFDM symbol, denoted as ER-SIG-N.”
`
`(INTELDELL-1006, 69:16-18.) July 2005 WWiSE refers to this two-symbol
`
`SIG-N field as “the long SIG-N field format.” (INTELDELL-1006, 50:9-10.) The
`
`second OFDM symbol (designated ER-SIG-N) in the long SIG-N field duplicates
`
`(repeats) the information carried in the SIG-N symbol, as illustrated in Figure 011
`
`below. (INTELDELL-1006, 68:1-2 (referencing the “optional duplicate SIG-N”,
`
`designated as ER-SIG-N); see also, Figures 007-016 (including the “optional
`
`duplicate SIG-N for extended range communication”).)
`
`July 2005 WWiSE, Figure 011
`
`Additionally, July 2005 WWiSE applies a frequency permutation on the
`
`subcarrier indices of the OFDM data symbols composing SIG-N to derive the
`
`frequency domain OFDM symbol ER-SIG-N. (INTELDELL-1006, 69:18-25.)
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`IPR2023-011362024-00685
`
`July 2005 WWiSE also added a one-bit field to the SIG-N field, the REXT
`
`bit, to indicate whether the device was operating in standard configuration or ER
`
`configuration. (INTELDELL-1006, 69:30-31, 70:6-7.) July 2005 WWiSE
`
`explains that “Extended Range (ER) capable devices are devices which support
`
`the optional Extended Range MCS, in addition to the Normal Range (NR) MCS,
`
`and the long SIG-N field format.” (INTELDELL-1006, 50:9-11.) ER frames
`
`(PPDUs) “shall be transmitted with the long SIG-N field format and the REXT bit
`
`set to value 1.” (INTELDELL-1006, 50:12-13.) For NR frames (PPDUs), the
`
`optional repeated header symbol (ER-SIG-N) is not included and the REXT bit is
`
`set to value 0. (See INTELDELL-1006, 50:12-13; 70:6-7 (value 0 of REXT
`
`“indicates the standard configuration”).)
`
`3. Motivation to Combine
`A POSITA would have been motivated to combine the teachings of Hansen
`
`with the teachings of July 2005 WWiSE. (INTELDELL-1003, ¶87.) Specifically,
`
`a POSITA would have been motivated to combine July 2005 WWiSE’s ER
`
`communication teachings (§V.A.2) with Hansen’s “compromise” greenfield
`
`PPDU (§V.A.1.c) to support both NR and ER capabilities in a single
`
`greenfield-compatible device. (INTELDELL-1003, ¶87.) In the combination,
`
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
`
`Hansen’s “compromise” greenfield PPDU is used for standard, or normal range
`
`(NR) communication and is referred to herein as the NR greenfield PPDU.
`
`NR Greenfield PPDU
`(Combined Hansen Figure 3a and Excerpt from Figure 6a)
`
`ER communication in the combination of Hansen and July 2005 WWiSE
`
`repeats the two parts of Hansen’s Signal*-N header field, as taught by July 2005
`
`WWiSE. (See, e.g., INTELDELL-1006, 69:16-18, 68:1-2; see also, Figures
`
`007-016 (including the “optional duplicate SIG-N for extended range
`
`communication”).) This header repetition creates a “Long Signal*-N”, illustrated
`
`in the figure below, which duplicates HT-SIG1 and HT-SIG2 of Hansen’s
`
`Signal*-N header field and therefore occupies 4 OFDM symbols when transmitted
`
`or received. (See INTELDELL-1006, 50:9-10 (describing use of the “long SIG-N”
`
`field for ER communication); INTELDELL-1003, ¶¶88-89.) For ease of
`
`discussion, Petitioner refers to the duplicated version of the header symbols
`
`HT-SIG1 and HT-SIG2 as ER-HT-SIG1 and ER-HT-SIG2 respectively. The
`
`greenfield PPDU used for ER communication in the combination of Hansen and
`
`July 2005 WWiSE, illustrated below, is referred to herein as the ER greenfield
`
`PPDU.
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`U.S. Patent 10,079,707
`IPR2023-011362024-00685
`
`ER Greenfield PPDU
`(Combined Hansen Figure 3a and Excerpt from Figure 6a,
`as modified by July 2005 WWiSE)
`
`In the
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