January 2005
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`doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0889r3
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`IEEE P802.11
`Wireless LANs
`
`TGn Sync Proposal Technical Specification
`
`Name
`
`Company
`
`Syed Aon Mujtaba
`
`Agere Systems Inc.
`
`Phone
`
`email
`
`+1 610 712 6616
`
`mujtaba@agere.com
`
`Date: 2005-01-18
`Author:
`Address
`555 Union Blvd.,
`Allentown, PA 18109,
`U.S.A.
`
`Abstract
`
`This document presents the technical specification for the
`MAC and the PHY layer of the TGn Sync proposal to IEEE 802.11 TGn
`
`Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.11. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the
`contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after
`further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
`
`Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution,
`and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE
`Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit
`others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and
`accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.11.
`
`Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures <http://
`ieee802.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf>, including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s),
`including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents
`essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of
`patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development
`process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair
`<stuart.kerry@philips.com> as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under
`patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.11 Working Group. If you
`have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at <patcom@ieee.org>.
`
`Submission
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`page 1
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`Syed Aon Mujtaba, Agere Systems
`
`DELL-1012
`10,079,707
`
`

`

`January 2005
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`doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0889r3
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`Name
`Adrian P Stephens
`Aleksandar Purkovic
`Bo Xia
`Brian Hart
`Chiu Ngo
`Daisuke Takeda
`Darren McNamara
`Dongjun Lee
`Eldad Perahia
`Eric Jacobsen
`Gyubum Kyung
`Huanchun Ye
`Huaning Niu
`Hui-Ling Lou
`Jan Boer
`Jari Jokela
`Jeffrey Gilbert
`Jerry Kim
`Job Oostveen
`Jörg Habetha
`John Sadowsky
`Luke Qian
`Masahiro Takagi
`Michael Livshitz
`Monisha Ghosh
`Nina Burns
`Pen C. Li
`Pieter-Paul Giesberts
`Richard van Leeuwen
`Ronald Rietman
`Seigo Nakao
`Sergey Sukobok
`Sheung Li
`Stephen Shellhammer
`Tomoko Adachi
`Tomoya Yamaura
`Tsuguhide Aoki
`Won-Joon Choi
`Xiaowen Wang
`Yasuhiko Tanabe
`Youngsoo Kim
`Yuichi Morioka
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Additional Authors:
`Company
`Address Phone
`Intel Corporation
`Nortel Networks
`Intel Corporation
`Cisco Systems Inc
`Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.
`Toshiba Corporation
`Toshiba Corporation
`Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
`Cisco Systems Inc
`Intel Corporation
`Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
`Atheros Communications Inc
`Samsung Electronic Co Ltd
`Marvell Semiconductors
`Agere Systems Inc
`Nokia
`Atheros Communications Inc
`Samsung Electronic Co Ltd
`Royal Philips Electronics
`Royal Philips Electronics
`Intel Corporation
`Cisco Systems Inc
`Toshiba Corporation
`Nortel Networks
`Royal Philips Electronics
`Nortel Networks
`Royal Philips Electronics
`Agere Systems Inc
`Agere Systems Inc
`Royal Philips Electronics
`SANYO Electric Co Ltd
`Nortel Networks
`Atheros Communications Inc.
`Intel Corporation
`Toshiba Corporation
`Sony Corporation
`Toshiba Corporation
`Atheros Communications Inc.
`Agere Systems Inc
`Toshiba Corporation
`Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd
`Sony Corporation
`
`
`
`
`
`Email
`adrian.p.stephens@intel.com
`apurkovi@nortelnetworks.com
`bo.xia@intel.com
`brianh@cisco.com
`cngo@sisa.samsung.com
`daisuke.takeda@toshiba.co.jp
`Darren.McNamara@toshiba-
`trel.com
`djthekid.lee@samsung.com
`eperahia@cisco.com
`eric.a.jacobsen@intel.com
`gyubum.kyung@samsung.com
`hcye@atheros.com
`Huaning.Niu@samsung.com
`hlou@marvell.com
`janboer@agere.com
`jari.jokela@nokia.com
`gilbertj@atheros.com
`kimjy@samsung.com
`job.oostveen@philips.com
`joerg.habetha@philips.com
`john.sadowsky@intel.com
`lchia@cisco.com
`masahiro3.takagi@toshiba.co.jp
`livshitz@nortelnetworks.com
`monisha.ghosh@philips.com
`nburns@nortelnetworks.com
`pen.li@philips.com
`pgiesberts@agere.com
`rleeuwen@agere.com
`ronald.rietman@philips.com
`snakao@gf.hm.rd.sanyo.co.jp
`ssukobok@nortelnetworks.com
`sheung@atheros.com
`Stephen.j.shellhammer@
`intel.com
`tomo.adachi@toshiba.co.jp
`yamaura@wcs.sony.co.jp
`tsuguhide.aoki@toshiba.co.jp
`wjchoi@atheros.com
`xiaowenw@agere.com
`yasuhiko.tanabe@toshiba.co.jp
`KimYoungsoo@samsung.com
`morioka@wcs.sony.co.jp
`
`Submission
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`page 2
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`Syed Aon Mujtaba, Agere Systems
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`

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`January 2005
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`Executive Summary
`
`
`
`
`
` 1
`
`
`The TGn Sync team respectfully submits its complete proposal. The team is comprised of 802.11
`WG participants whose companies represent a broad range of markets, including, PC, Enterprise,
`Consumer Electronics, Handset, Semiconductor and Public Access. Since these companies are
`based in the US, Europe and Asia Pacific, the team has had the benefit of a worldwide
`perspective, both in terms of perceived market demand as well as regulatory concerns (including
`channel bandwidth limitations, limited channel access, restricted transmission times, etc.).
`
`Our goal has been to align (or “sync” with) 802.11n members to a single set of core positions
`prior to the TGn down selection phase. By aligning before entrenched positions form, we hope
`to increase the possibility of a more rapid introduction of an 802.11n standard.
`
`The team has worked as a technical group for many months to develop a TGn proposal,
`recognizing that whatever decisions were made had to ultimately survive the TGn process and
`therefore be based solely on technical merit. There were no signed agreements involved in
`joining the TGn Sync team. There was no attempt to develop joint IP and each company was
`expected to abide by the same reasonable and non-discriminatory terms that the IEEE bylaws
`require.
`
`The technical approach balances market expectations with design practicality. The solution is a
`robust, scalable architecture targeting the least amount of complexity. In fact, the basic
`configuration delivers a maximum mandatory rate of 243 Mbps using only two antennas. This
`rate is consistent with the historical trend of 5x with each generation of 802.11 (802.11/2Mbps,
`802.11b/11Mbps, and finally 802.11a/ 54Mbps). The proposal also incorporates options for
`higher rates beyond 600 Mbps. This choice of higher peak data rates was seen as critical for
`future proofing this next generation of WLAN.
`
`The PHY techniques used to achieve the higher data rates involve a MIMO evolution of 802.11
`OFDM PHY with spatial division multiplexing of spatial streams, wider bandwidth options
`(either 20MHz or 40MHz, but not required in regulatory domains where prohibited) and an
`optimized interleaver for both the 20 MHz and 40MHz channelizations. Additionally, optional
`enhancements include advanced FEC coding techniques (LDPC), transmit beamforming with
`negligible additional cost in the receiving client device and/or additional RF chains. These
`options provide extra scalability if additional robustness and/or throughput is required.
`
`The TGn Sync proposal also offers seamless interoperability with 802.11 legacy devices. This
`interoperability is achieved with an enhanced 802.11 preamble design and efficient PHY and
`MAC level mechanisms, which also provide robustness and cost-effectiveness.
`
`The features added to improve MAC efficiency  for higher throughput and overall system
`performance  include aggregation, bi-directional data flow, enhanced Block Ack, power
`management (to reduce power consumption), channel management (including a receiver assisted
`channel training protocol) and feedback mechanisms that enable rate adaptation. Protection
`mechanisms are also added to achieve the seamless interoperability and coexistence with legacy
`
`Submission
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`page 3
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`devices mentioned above. The approach supports 802.11e and proposes new features for further
`enhancement.
`
`
`1.1 Proposal Structure
`
`The TGn Sync complete proposal meets the IEEE 802.11n PAR, meets all functional
`requirements, and addresses all mandatory requirements of the comparison criteria.
`
`This document contains a technical specification of the proposed MAC and PHY enhancements.
`
`[5] contains the presentation of the proposal in powerpoint format. (Please note that the summary
`presentation [4] is no longer up to date).
`
`[6] contains a statement of compliance to the IEEE 802.11 TGn FRCC requirements.
`
`[7] and [8] contain FRCC results (and others) for the PHY and MAC respectively.
`
`[9] and [10] are Excel spreadsheets containing detailed FRCC results from MAC simulations,
`and [11] describes the methodology used in these simulations.
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`January 2005
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`Table of Contents
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`1 Executive Summary ......................................................................................... 3
`1.1 Proposal Structure ..................................................................................... 4
`
`2 References .................................................................................................... 13
`
`3 Definitions ...................................................................................................... 14
`
`4 Abbreviations and acronyms ......................................................................... 15
`
`Introduction .................................................................................................... 19
`5
`5.1 Purpose .................................................................................................... 19
`5.2 General description of MAC enhancements ............................................. 19
`5.3 General description of PHY enhancements ............................................. 20
`
`6 Frame Formats .............................................................................................. 20
`6.1 Control frames .......................................................................................... 21
`6.1.1 Initiator Aggregation Control (IAC) MPDU ......................................... 21
`6.1.2 Responder Aggregation Control (RAC) MPDU .................................. 25
`6.1.3 Multiple Receiver Aggregate Descriptor (MRAD) MPDU ................... 28
`6.1.4 Increase Channel Bandwidth (ICB) MPDU ........................................ 29
`6.1.5 Decrease Channel Bandwidth (DCB) MPDU ..................................... 30
`6.1.6 Block Ack (BA) MPDU ....................................................................... 30
`6.1.7 Calibration Training MPDU ................................................................ 32
`6.2 Data frames .............................................................................................. 33
`6.2.1 MAC Header (MHDR) MPDU ............................................................ 33
`6.2.2 Compressed Header Data (CHDATA) MPDU .................................... 34
`6.3 Management frame formats ..................................................................... 35
`6.3.1 HT Capabilities .................................................................................. 35
`6.3.2 Additional HT Information Elements .................................................. 36
`6.3.3 Management Action Frames .............................................................. 38
`6.3.4 TSPEC Modification to support Periodic RDR ................................... 41
`6.3.5 Block Ack Parameter Set field ........................................................... 41
`6.4 A-MPDU and A-MSDU aggregation formats ........................................... 42
`6.4.1 Introduction to Aggregation (Informative) ........................................... 42
`6.4.2 Aggregated MPDU format (A-MPDU) ................................................ 42
`6.4.3 Single receiver frame aggregation format .......................................... 44
`Submission
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`6.4.4 Multiple receiver frame aggregation format ....................................... 45
`6.4.5 Aggregated MSDU Format (A-MSDU) ............................................... 47
`
`7 MAC sublayer functional description ............................................................. 50
`7.1 Aggregation Exchange Sequences and related rules .............................. 50
`7.1.1 IAC/RAC Exchange Rules ................................................................. 50
`7.1.2 Non-aggregate IAC/RAC Rate selection Rules ................................. 50
`7.1.3 Response Period Scheduling ............................................................ 50
`7.1.4 Responder Rules ............................................................................... 51
`7.1.5 Response PPDU Contents ................................................................ 51
`7.1.6 Power-saving at the receiver of an aggregate PPDU ........................ 51
`7.1.7 Protection mechanisms ..................................................................... 52
`7.1.8 MAC support for closed loop modes .................................................. 56
`7.1.9 Aggregated Single Directional frame transfer .................................... 57
`7.1.10 Bi-directional data transfer ................................................................. 62
`7.1.11 Multiple receiver aggregation (MRA) ................................................. 65
`7.2 MAC Header Compression ...................................................................... 69
`7.2.1 Introduction (informative) ................................................................... 69
`7.2.2 Functional description ........................................................................ 70
`7.2.3 Ordering constraints for MHDR and CHDATA MPDUs ..................... 71
`7.2.4 Multiple receiver aggregates ............................................................. 71
`7.3 Multirate support ...................................................................................... 71
`7.4 Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................... 71
`7.4.1 802.11e Requirements ...................................................................... 71
`7.4.2 Periodic RDR ..................................................................................... 72
`7.4.3 Introduction (Informative) ................................................................... 72
`7.4.4 Meaning of Service Period with Periodic RDR .................................. 72
`7.5 Enhanced Block acknowledgment ........................................................... 72
`7.5.1 Introduction (Informative) ................................................................... 72
`7.5.2 Implicit BAR mechanism .................................................................... 73
`7.5.3 Maintaining Acknowledgement State for a BA agreement ................. 76
`7.5.4 Compressed BA ................................................................................ 76
`
`8 MAC sublayer management .......................................................................... 77
`8.1 Coexistence management ....................................................................... 77
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`Submission
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`8.1.1 Operating Modes ............................................................................... 77
`8.1.2 Receiver capabilities wrt legacy operation in the extension channel . 77
`8.1.3 Infrastructure BSS Operation ............................................................. 78
`8.1.4 Ad-hoc (IBSS) Operation ................................................................... 84
`8.2 Channel management .............................................................................. 85
`8.2.1 Channel Management at the AP ........................................................ 85
`8.2.2 Channel Management at the STA ...................................................... 86
`8.2.3 Channel Selection Methods ............................................................... 86
`8.3 TRMS Power-Saving Management .......................................................... 87
`8.3.1 BSS Association, DLP Setup and Mode Changes ............................. 87
`8.3.2 TRMS Operation ................................................................................ 88
`8.3.3 Performance Impact of using TRMS mode (Informative) ................... 89
`8.3.4 Calibration.......................................................................................... 90
`
`9 MAC Background (Informative) ..................................................................... 92
`9.1 Scheduling ............................................................................................... 92
`9.1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 92
`9.1.2 Scheduler 1 ........................................................................................ 92
`9.1.3 Scheduler 2 ........................................................................................ 92
`9.1.4 Retransmissions and Allocation of Time ............................................ 93
`9.1.5 Selecting RDL/RDG values (Informative) .......................................... 93
`9.1.6 Scheduling heuristics for MRA ........................................................... 94
`9.2 Method to determine Best channel and channel width ............................. 94
`9.2.1 First time Channel Selection .............................................................. 95
`9.2.2 Subsequent Channel Selection .......................................................... 95
`9.3 Background to Protection Mechanisms .................................................... 95
`9.3.1 Introduction to Protection Mechanisms .............................................. 95
`9.3.2 Effect of Spoofing .............................................................................. 96
`9.3.3 Pairwise spoofing ............................................................................... 96
`9.3.4 Selecting between Pairwise Spoofing and LongNAV ......................... 98
`9.3.5 HT PPDU Format with Legacy Protection .......................................... 98
`9.3.6 Protection mechanisms for MRA ..................................................... 100
`
`10 PHY-SAP service specification .................................................................... 103
`10.1 PHY Specific Service Parameter List ..................................................... 103
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`Submission
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`10.1.1 TXVECTOR ..................................................................................... 103
`10.1.2 RXVECTOR .................................................................................... 106
`
`11 MIMO-OFDM HT PHY specification ............................................................ 110
`11.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 110
`11.1.1 Introduction (Informative) ................................................................. 110
`11.1.2 Timing related parameters ............................................................... 119
`11.1.3 Mathematical conventions in signal descriptions ............................. 119
`11.2 PLCP sublayer ....................................................................................... 120
`11.2.1 Basic MIMO Mode ........................................................................... 120
`11.2.2 Basic Transmit Beamforming (Optional Mode) ................................ 147
`11.2.3 Advanced Transmit Beamforming (Optional Mode) ......................... 154
`11.2.4 Low-Density Parity-Check Coding (Optional Mode) ........................ 158
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`List of Figures
`Figure 1 – IAC MPDU ................................................................................................... 22
`Figure 2 – RAC MPDU .................................................................................................. 26
`Figure 3 – MRAD MPDU ............................................................................................... 28
`Figure 4 – ICB MPDU ................................................................................................... 29
`Figure 5 – DCB MPDU .................................................................................................. 30
`Figure 6 - Compressed BA MPDU ................................................................................ 31
`Figure 7 - BA Control field ............................................................................................. 31
`Figure 8 – Calibration Training MPDU .......................................................................... 32
`Figure 9 – PPDU attributes for Calibration Training MPDUs ......................................... 33
`Figure 10 – MHDR MPDU ............................................................................................ 34
`Figure 11 – CHDATA MPDU ........................................................................................ 34
`Figure 12 – HT Capability element format .................................................................... 36
`Figure 13 – HT Capabilities Info field ............................................................................ 36
`Figure 14 – TRMS element format ................................................................................ 38
`Figure 15 – Action codes for the HT action category .................................................... 39
`Figure 16 - Block Ack Parameter Set fixed field ............................................................ 41
`Figure 17 – A-MPDU format ......................................................................................... 43
`Figure 18 – A-MSDU Structure ..................................................................................... 48
`Figure 19 – Example of TXOP Truncation .................................................................... 53
`Figure 20 – Basic Operation of Pairwise Spoofing ........................................................ 54
`Figure 21 – Basic Operation of Single Ended Spoofing ............................................... 55
`Figure 22 – LongNAV, untrained unidirectional exchange ............................................ 58
`Figure 23 – LongNAV, untrained unidirectional showing aggregate response .............. 59
`Figure 24 – LongNAV, trained unidirectional showing aggregate response .................. 60
`Figure 25 – Pairwise Spoofing, Untrained Unidirectional Exchange ............................. 61
`Figure 26 – Pairwise Spoofing, Trained Unidirectional Exchange ................................ 62
`Figure 27 – LongNAV Bi-Directional Example .............................................................. 64
`Figure 28 – Pairwise Spoofing, Trained BiDirectional ................................................... 65
`Figure 29 – Example of MRA response scheduling with 3 responders ......................... 66
`Figure 30 – MRMRA Example for Periodic Traffic ........................................................ 68
`Figure 31 – MRMRA Example for Aperiodic Traffic ...................................................... 69
`Figure 32 - Basic buffer management in Implicit BAR ............................................. 74
`Figure 33 - Buffer management when the first MPDU is incorrect in Implicit BAR (Case
`1) ............................................................................................................................ 75
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`Figure 34 - Buffer management when the first MPDU is incorrect in Implicit BAR (Case
`2) ............................................................................................................................. 75
`Figure 35 – 20 MHz-Base Managed Mixed Mode ......................................................... 82
`Figure 36 – Data transfer example with timed receive mode switching ......................... 88
`Figure 37 - Calibration Procedure .................................................................................. 91
`Figure 38 – Standard Virtual Carrier Sense ................................................................... 97
`Figure 39 – Pairwise Spoofing Mechanism .................................................................... 97
`Figure 40 – PPDU Format with Legacy Protection ........................................................ 98
`Figure 41 – When Received by a Legacy Node ............................................................ 98
`Figure 42 – HT Signal Field BPSK Constellation ........................................................... 99
`Figure 43 – When Received by an HT Node but MPDU is not Decodable .................. 100
`Figure 44 – When Received by an HT Node and the MPDU is Decodable ................. 100
`Figure 45: Transmitter Datapath for 2-antenna MIMO in 20MHz ................................. 112
`Figure 46: Transmitter datapath for 2-antenna MIMO in 40MHz ................................. 112
`Figure 47: PPDU Format for 2x20 Mandatory Basic MIMO Transmission ................... 112
`Figure 48: Upper and Lower sub-channel specification in 40MHz ............................... 113
`Figure 49: PPDU Format for 2x40 Mandatory Basic MIMO Transmission ................... 113
`Figure 50: HT Preamble format ................................................................................... 114
`Figure 51: Transmitter configuration for 6Mbps in 40MHz ........................................... 116
`Figure 52: PPDU format for 6Mbps duplicate mode .................................................... 116
`Figure 53: Transmitter Datapath with option to perform spatial shaping ...................... 117
`Figure 54: Timing boundaries for subframes in a HT transmission .............................. 120
`Figure 55: PPDU Format for NTX antennas .................................................................. 121
`Figure 56: PPDU format leveraging CDD transmission ............................................... 122
`Figure 57: HT-LTF pattern for 2 antennas (2 spatial streams) ..................................... 128
`Figure 58: HT-LTF pattern for 3 antennas (3 spatial streams) ..................................... 129
`Figure 59: HT-LTF pattern for 4 antennas (4 spatial streams) ..................................... 130
`Figure 60: Constellation specification for LSIG and HTSIG ......................................... 131
`Figure 61: SIGNAL field bit assignment ....................................................................... 131
`Figure 62: HT SIGNAL FIELD (HTSIG1 and HTSIG2) bit assignment ........................ 134
`Figure 63: Generation of CRC bits .............................................................................. 137
`Figure 64: Puncturing pattern for code rate = 7/8 ........................................................ 139
`Figure 65: Structure of interleaver ............................................................................... 140
`Figure 66: Tone Format for 40MHz channelization ...................................................... 143
`Figure 67 Inputs and Outputs of IFFT for a 40 MHz channel ....................................... 143
`Submission
`page 10
`Syed Aon Mujtaba, Agere Systems
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`doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0889r3
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`Figure 68: Transmit Spectrum Mask for 20MHz channelization .................................. 146
`Figure 69: Transmit spectrum mask for 40MHz channelization .................................. 147
`Figure 1: Application of calibration correction vector on Tx ........................................ 152
`Figure 70: Transmitter architecture for TX Beamforming for Nss=2,and NTX = 3 ......... 154
`Figure 71: Transmit Datapath Architecture for ABF-MIMO mode ............................... 157
`
`List of Tables
`Table 1 - Interpretation of the ADDBA Parameters .................................................. 32
`Table 2 - Interpretation of the BA Bitmap ................................................................. 32
`Table 3 –HT Capabilities ............................................................................................... 35
`Table 4 – Additional HT Information Elements .............................................................. 36
`Table 5 - Interpretation of the Buffer Size parameter ............................................... 41
`Table 6 – MPDU delimiter Fields .................................................................................. 43
`Table 7 Single Receiver Aggregation MPDUs ............................................................. 44
`Table 8 - Broadcast/Multicast Receiver Group MPDUs ................................................ 45
`Table 9 - No Response Receiver Group MPDUs .......................................................... 46
`Table 10 - MRA Aggregate MPDUs .............................................................................. 46
`Table 11 – QoS Control Field ....................................................................................... 48
`Table 12 – Address field contents for unicast MPDUs .................................................. 49
`Table 13 - Address field contents for broadcast/multicast MPDUs ............................... 49
`Table 14 – AP Mode Definitions ................................................................................... 78
`Table 15 – IBSS Mode Definitions ................................................................................ 85
`Table 16 – Beacon Elements for HT Channel Management ......................................... 85
`Table 17: Table of parameters for the TX Vector ........................................................ 104
`Table 18: Scrambler Initialization Sequence ............................................................... 106
`Table 19: Table of parameters for the RX Vector........................................................ 107
`Table 20: Options for Throughput Enhancement ........................................................ 111
`Table 21: Feedback Mechanisms ............................................................................... 117
`Table 22: MIMO Transmission options ..