US010715235B2
`
`( 12 ) United States Patent
`Da Silva et al .
`
`( 10 ) Patent No .: US 10,715,235 B2
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`( 45 ) Date of Patent :
`
`( 54 ) DIRECTED WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
`( 71 ) Applicant : XR Communications , LLC , Solana
`Beach , CA ( US )
`( 72 ) Inventors : Marcus Da Silva , Spokane , WA ( US ) ;
`Vahid Tarokh , Cambridge , MA ( US ) ;
`Praveen Mehrotra , Spokane , WA ( US ) ;
`William J. Crilly , Jr. , Liberty Lake ,
`WA ( US ) ; James Brennan ,
`Sammamish , WA ( US ) ; Robert J.
`Conley , Liberty Lake , WA ( US ) ;
`Siavash Alamouti , Spokane , WA ( US ) ;
`Eduardo Casas , Vancouver ( CA ) ;
`Hujun Yin , Spokane , WA ( US ) ; Bobby
`Jose , Veradale , WA ( US ) ; Yang - Seok
`Choi , Liberty Lake , WA ( US )
`Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154 ( b ) by 0 days .
`( 21 ) Appl . No .: 15 / 495,539
`Apr. 24 , 2017
`( 22 ) Filed :
`( 65 )
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2017/0230094 A1 Aug. 10 , 2017
`
`( * ) Notice :
`
`( 60 )
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`Continuation of application No. 15 / 260,147 , filed on
`Sep. 8 , 2016 , which is a continuation of application
`( Continued )
`
`( 51 ) Int . Ci .
`H04B 7/06
`H04B 7/04
`
`( 52 ) U.S. CI .
`CPC
`
`( 2006.01 )
`( 2017.01 )
`( Continued )
`H04B 770617 ( 2013.01 ) ; H04B 7704
`( 2013.01 ) ; H04B 770621 ( 2013.01 ) ;
`( Continued )
`
`( 58 ) Field of Classification Search
`None
`See application file for complete search history .
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`( 56 )
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`4,231,040 A
`4,750,147 A
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`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`Access : Evolution Towards Wireless ATM ” , IEEE Personal Com
`munications Magazine , pp . 53-64 , Oct. 1998 .
`( Continued )
`Primary Examiner Shuwang Liu
`Assistant Examiner - Gina M McKie
`( 74 ) Attorney , Agent , or Firm — Klein , O'Neill & Singh ,
`LLP
`
`9
`
`ABSTRACT
`( 57 )
`Disclosed herein are methods and apparatuses configured to
`direct wireless communication . In some embodiments , a
`network apparatus is configured to : receive a first signal
`transmission from a remote station via a first antenna
`element of an antenna and a second signal transmission from
`the remote station via a second antenna element of the
`antenna simultaneously ; determine first signal information
`for the first transmission ; determine second signal informa
`tion for the second transmission , wherein the second signal
`information is different than the first signal information ;
`determine a set of weighting values based on the first signal
`information and the second signal information , wherein the
`set of weighting values is configured to construct one or
`( Continued )
`
`Access Station
`
`102
`
`200
`
`Multi - Beam
`Directed Signal
`System
`206
`
`210
`
`Antenna Assembly
`208
`
`216
`
`- 214 ( N )
`
`lo
`
`204
`
`214 ( 2 )
`
`218
`
`212
`
`214 ( 1 )
`
`202
`
`

`

`US 10,715,235 B2
`Page 2
`
`more beam - formed transmission signals ; and generate the
`one or more beam - formed transmission signals based on the
`set of weighting values for transmission to the remote
`station .
`
`19 Claims , 18 Drawing Sheets
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`No. 13 / 855,410 , filed on Apr. 2 , 2013 , now Pat . No.
`9,462,589 , which is a division of application No.
`10 / 700,329 , filed on Nov. 3 , 2003 , now Pat . No.
`8,412,106 .
`
`( 60 ) Provisional application No. 60 / 423,660 , filed on Nov.
`4 , 2002 .
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`H04W 72/04
`H04B 17318
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`( 2009.01 )
`( 2009.01 )
`( 2015.01 )
`H04B 17/318 ( 2015.01 ) ; H04W 16/28
`( 2013.01 ) ; H04W 72/046 ( 2013.01 )
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`

`US 10,715,235 B2
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`trol ( MAC ) and Physical Layer ( PHY ) Specifications , 1999 Edition .
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`( “ Hillebrand ” ) .
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`ation of Cellular IP , ” IEEE Personal Communications ( Aug. 2000 ) .
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`Technology Conference ( VTC'98 ) ( May 21 , 1998 ) .
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`

`

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`Page 5
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`( 56 )
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`Wesley ( 1997 ) .
`Andrew S. Tanenbaum , Computer Networks , Third Edition , Pren
`tice Hall ( 1996 ) .
`Bellafiore et al . , “ Smart antenna system analysis , integration and
`performance for mobile ad - hoc networks ( MANETs ) ,
`in IEEE
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`571-581 , May 2002 ( Year : 2002 ) .
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`access in wireless ad hoc networks , ” Proceedings . Eleventh Inter
`national Conference on Computer Communications and Networks ,
`Miami , FL , USA , 2002 , pp . 614-619 ( Year : 2002 ) .
`* cited by examiner
`
`>>
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`Sheet 1 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`100
`
`Access
`Station
`102
`
`106 ( 2 )
`
`106 ( N )
`
`Client Device
`104 ( 2 )
`
`Client Device
`104 ( N )
`
`106 ( 1 )
`
`Client Device
`104 ( 1 )
`
`Fig . 1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`Sheet 2 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`212
`
`214 ( 1 )
`
`202
`
`Access Station
`
`102
`
`200
`
`Multi - Beam
`Directed Signal
`System
`206
`
`210
`
`Antenna Assembly
`208
`
`216
`
`+
`
`1
`
`214 ( 2 ) —
`
`214 ( N )
`
`218
`
`204
`
`Fig . 2
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`Sheet 3 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`Multi - Beam Directed
`Signal System
`206
`
`Signal Control /
`Coordination Logic
`304
`
`210
`
`Antenna Assembly 208
`
`Antenna Array
`302
`
`214 ( N )
`
`mum
`
`-
`
`w
`
`T
`
`1
`
`0
`
`II
`Il
`
`300
`
`Fig . 3
`
`214 ( 2 )
`
`214 ( 1 )
`
`214 ( 3 )
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14. 2020
`
`Sheet 4 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`404
`
`400
`
`302
`
`9
`
`?
`
`?
`
`-
`
`hahahahase
`
`?
`?
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`|| || ?
`0
`|
`|
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`|| |
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`| |
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`|
`
`g
`
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`?
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`[
`? ??
`|| ?
`? || ?
`|| ?
`| | |
`| ||
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`?
`?
`?
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`?
`| | |
`| ||
`
`p
`
`p
`
`0
`
`?
`
`402 ( 1 )
`
`402 ( 2 )
`410
`
`408
`
`6
`
`406 ( 1 )
`
`406 ( 2 )
`
`Fig . 4
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`Sheet 5 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`502
`508 ( N )
`
`Es }
`
`302
`
`On DI
`
`0006
`
`0000
`1960
`9000
`
`500
`
`504
`
`11 IV
`
`D000
`OD
`66647
`DO00
`DODD
`dood
`boboydoo
`cobo ooo
`OoDo Povo
`Cobo 9001
`DOOD
`odoo
`DO00
`
`Ew
`End
`
`508 ( 2 )
`
`506
`
`508 ( 1 )
`
`510
`
`Fig . 5
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`Sheet 6 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`602 ( 0 )
`602 ( 1 )
`2
`3
`
`???
`
`602 ( 15 )
`0 15 15/14 13
`12
`
`16
`
`*
`
`32
`
`10
`
`10
`
`.
`
`I. 10 1 $
`
`602 ( 5 )
`6
`
`5
`
`602 ( 7 )
`602 ( 8 )
`
`8
`
`DO
`
`.
`
`10
`It 1
`
`10
`
`# 5
`
`Antenna Array
`302
`
`600
`
`11
`
`602 ( 10 )
`
`10
`
`9
`
`602 ( 9 )
`602 ( 8 )
`
`8
`
`Fig . 6
`
`700
`
`Multi - Beam Directed
`Signal System
`206
`
`Signal Control /
`Coordination Logic
`304 04
`
`Access Point 702 ( 1 )
`
`0
`
`Access Point 702 ( 2 )
`
`Access Point 702 ( N )
`
`Fig . 7
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`Sheet 7 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`Antenna Array 302
`0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
`
`Left Transmit
`Antenna Board
`800
`
`TX Logic
`8120 )
`
`812 ( 7 )
`
`Right Transmit
`Antenna Board
`802
`
`TX Logic
`812 ( 8 )
`
`812 ( 15 ) (
`
`0
`
`8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
`7
`5 6
`3 4
`1 2
`Transmit Beam - Forming Network
`808
`
`Left Receive
`Antenna Board
`804
`RX Logic
`8140 )
`
`814 ( 7 )
`
`Fig . 88
`
`Right Receive
`Antenna Board
`806
`
`RX Logic
`8148 )
`
`814 ( 15 )
`
`Fig . 88
`
`0
`
`9 10 11 12 13 14 15
`7 8
`4 5 6
`3
`1 2
`Receive Beam - Forming Network 810
`
`Fig . SA
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`Sheet 8 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`Multi - Beam Directed Signal System
`
`206
`
`Signal Control /
`Coordination Logic
`304
`
`Multi - Beam
`Controller
`816
`
`Memory
`Component ( s )
`818
`
`Communication
`Interface ( s )
`820
`
`Receiver / Transmitters
`
`input Rx / Tx 8240 ) output
`
`input Rx / Tx 824 ( 1 ) output
`
`input Rx / Tx 824 ( 15 ) output
`
`Scanning
`Receiver
`822
`
`0
`
`9 10 11 12 13 14 15
`8
`7
`6
`4 5
`3
`1 2
`Transmit Beam - Forming Network
`808
`
`0
`
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
`Receive Beam - Forming Network 810
`
`Fig . 8A
`
`Fig . 88
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`Sheet 9 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`Constructive Receive
`Indicators ( 1 , 2 , ... , N )
`
`Receive Indicators
`( 1 , 2 , ... , N )
`
`206
`
`MAC
`900 ( 1 )
`?
`
`MAC
`900 ( 2 )
`
`...
`
`MAC
`900 ( N )
`
`BB Unit
`902 ( 1 )
`
`RF
`906 ( 1 )
`
`BB Unit
`902 ( 2 )
`
`RE
`906 ( 2 )
`
`BB Unit
`902 ( N )
`
`RF
`906 ( N )
`
`Ethernet
`Switch / Router
`908
`
`MAC
`Coordinator Logic
`904
`
`Beam - Forming
`Networks
`808 / 810
`
`Antenna
`Array
`302
`
`Fig . 9
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`2
`
`Sheet 10 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`Receive Indicators ( 1 , 2 ... 13 )
`
`Receive
`Indicators
`Combiner
`1000
`
`MAC
`Coordinator
`Logic
`
`904
`
`Channel
`Assignment
`Information
`1002
`
`BB Unit
`902 ( 1 )
`
`BB Unit
`902 ( 2 )
`
`Control
`/ Data
`
`Control
`I Data
`
`MAC
`900 ( 1 )
`
`MAC
`900 ( 2 )
`
`BB Unit
`902 ( 13 )
`
`Control
`/ Data
`
`MAC
`900 ( 13 )
`
`Constructive Receive Indicators ( 1 , 2 .. 13 )
`
`Timer Logic
`1006
`Watchdog
`Interrupt
`Enable Info .
`1014
`
`Watchdog
`Timer
`1012
`
`Receive Indicator
`Enable Information
`1004
`Masking Register
`1010
`
`Scanning Logic
`1008
`
`Fig . 10
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`Sheet 11 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`busy ( )
`
`1100
`
`busy
`
`busy
`
`busy
`
`Defer
`1102
`timeout
`BackOff
`1104
`timeout
`data ( )
`
`Idle
`1106
`new
`
`RTS 1128
`
`short ( )
`
`Receive
`1116
`rxend
`
`error ( )
`
`notforus ( )
`
`Data 1126
`nav ( )
`
`TXRTS
`1108
`txend
`timeout WaitCTS
`1110
`rxend
`TxData
`1112
`txend
`timeout WaitACK
`1114
`rxend
`TXOKO )
`1122
`
`TXACK
`1118
`txend
`
`TxCTS
`1120
`txend
`
`TxFaill )
`1124
`
`Fig . 11
`
`more ( )
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`Sheet 12 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`1202
`
`B
`
`A
`
`304 ?
`
`| 1206
`
`Index W
`A ) wa
`ID Info .
`ID Info . B We
`| ID Info . Int
`Int
`ID Info
`
`***
`
`1200
`
`1204
`
`WLAN
`
`Noise / WLAN
`Interference
`
`1208
`
`Antenna Array
`302
`
`Keep
`Out
`
`Scanning
`Receiver
`822
`
`Weighting Matrix
`1210
`
`A
`
`B
`
`RX / TX
`8240 )
`
`RxTx
`824 ( 1 )
`
`RX / TX
`824 ( N )
`
`Fig . 12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`2
`
`Sheet 13 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 ?2
`
`400 ( 1 )
`400 ( 0 )
`
`Multi - Beam Directed Signal System
`
`206
`
`400 ( 14 )
`400 ( 15 )
`
`????????????????
`
`? :
`
`?
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
`
`4
`
`5
`
`6
`
`7
`
`8
`
`9 10 11 12 13 14 15
`
`Butler Matrix
`
`1300
`
`Tx / Rx : O 1
`
`2 3
`
`4 5
`
`6 7 8
`
`9 10 11 12 13 14 15
`
`SS SS SS SS SS SS Sissils
`??????????????????????????????????????????????
`
`1302 ( 0 )
`1302 ( 1 )
`
`|
`
`|
`
`???????????
`
`?????????
`
`??????????
`
`1302 ( 15 )
`1302 ( 14 )
`
`Baseband Processor ( s )
`
`902
`
`Fig . 13
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`Sheet 14 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`400 ( N - 1 )
`400 ( N )
`
`400 ( 1 )
`400 ( 0 )
`
`?
`
`YY
`
`Butler Matrix
`
`1300
`
`Gain
`1400
`
`2
`4
`
`8
`10
`12
`Signal 14
`Level 16
`18
`( dB ) 20
`22
`24
`26
`28
`30
`32
`34
`36
`38
`40
`0
`
`Fig . 14
`
`1500
`
`1504
`
`1502
`
`A
`
`10
`
`80
`90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
`20 30 40 50 60 70
`Angle ( degrees )
`
`Fig . 15
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`Sheet 15 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`1600
`
`Start
`Association /
`Re - association
`
`Sample RSSI 1614
`
`Association 1608
`
`Smoothed RSSI Drop 1616
`
`Monitor State
`1602
`
`Scan Timeout 1612
`
`Correct Beam 1610
`
`Correct Beam
`Test State
`1604
`
`Wrong Beam 1618
`
`Force Roam
`State
`1606
`
`Timeout 1620
`
`Disassociate
`client device
`
`Fig . 16
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`Sheet 16 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`1700
`
`1702
`
`1704
`
`1706
`
`1708
`
`1710
`
`1712
`
`Generate a directed wireless
`communication for data
`communication with a client device
`
`Receive the directed
`wireless communication
`at an antenna assembly
`
`Emanate a directed communication
`beam for the data communication
`with the client device
`
`Transmit the data communication
`to the client device via the
`directed communication beam
`
`Emanate a second directed
`communication beam for data
`communication reception from
`a second client device
`
`Receive the second data
`communication from the second
`client device via the second
`directed communication beam
`
`Fig . 17
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul . 14 , 2020
`
`2
`
`Sheet 17 of 18
`
`US 10,715,235 B2
`
`Coordinate directed wireless communication
`with client devices via directed communication
`
`beams emanated from an antenna assembly r
`
`1802
`
`1800
`
`Route data communication transmissions
`through a transmit beam - forming network to
`antenna elements of the antenna assembly
`such that a data communication transmission
`is communicated to a client device via a
`directed communication beam
`
`Monitor the directed communication beams
`for data communication receptions
`from the client devices
`
`Receive data communication receptions through a
`re