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` Disclosure Bulletin
`
`

`

`== Technical Disclosure Bulletin
`
`
`®
`
`Volume 32 Number 9B February 1990
`
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin is published monthly by International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, New
`York 10504. Officers: John F. Akers, Chairman of the Board; Robert M. Ripp, Treasurer; William W.K. Rich, Secretary.
`
`Inquiries should be directed to Intellectual Property Law, International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, New York 10504.
`
`© Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1990. Printed in U.S.A. The publication of these technical
`disclosures does not constitute a grant of any license underany patent.
`
`© IBM Corp.
`
`

`

`This material may be protected by Copyright law (Title 17 U.S. Code)
`
`

`

`MOUSE BALL-ACTUATING DEVICE WITH FORCE AND TACTILE FEEDBACK -—-
`Continued
`
`
`
`PiG. 2
`
`the five human senses, only two (sight and hearing) are gener-
`Of
`ally used to receive the bulk of information generated by a computer.
`The human sense of touch is able to transfer large amounts of informa-
`tion to the brain, as exemplified by the Braille system.
`The concept
`described herein attempts to include the sense of touch to the human
`computer
`interface relationship, specifically used within mouse de-
`signs.
`Two primary implementations of
`this concept are described
`herein:
`resistive force feedback and tactile feedback.
`These imple-
`mentations may be used individually or in combination.
`
`the mouse utilizes a ball
`To provide resistive force feedback,
`that rotates (rubs against) two shafts orthogonal
`to each other. One
`
`231
`
`Vol. 32 No. 9B February 1990
`
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin
`
`

`

`OePRaeELONee)hele
`
`MOUSE BALL~ACTUATING DEVICE WITH FORCE AND TACTILE FEEDBACK =
`
`Continued
`
`he,
`
`20
`
`=|
`
`Fig. 3
`
`shaft rotates in the "X" direction and the other shaft rotates in the
`"Y" direction.
`Each shaft
`is attached to a disk with magnets along
`its perimeter and is used for both position sensing and force feed-
`back.
`Two electromagnets are used to provide force feedback.
`The
`force feedback shafts are independent of the motion-sensing rollers in
`the mouse.
`
`With the mouse utilizing two balls, it is considered practical to
`apply the feedback to the second ball,
`leaving the primary sensing
`ball "free rolling".
`A feedback ball added to an optical mouse util-
`izes this same idea.
`
`Vol. 32 No. 9B February 1990
`
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin
`
`Za0
`
`

`

`MOUSE BALL-ACTUATING DEVICE WITH FORCE AND TACTILE FEEDBACK -—
`Continued
`
`22
`
`23
`
`FIG. 4
`
`in analog or
`a host computer will provide a signal,
`Generally,
`form,
`to the mouse when force feedback is desired.
`serial digital
`This signal determines the amount of current
`to be applied to magnets
`to determine the resistive force for mouse movement
`in each axis. At
`full force,
`the mouse cannot be moved and the shafts act as a brake.
`Smaller resistances create various "feels". Different resistances on
`each shaft allow movement
`in a specific direction.
`A momentary in-
`crease in resistance may act as a tactile indication to a user that an
`event has occurred. Actively changing the force feedback can provide
`an apparent "groove", or path of
`least resistance, which may assist
`the handicapped.
`
`The possible uses of the device include:
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-
`
`Keeping the mouse inside of an area or path.
`
`Adding resistance to adjust
`stability to the hand.
`
`the mouse "feel" to provide
`
`Providing a "path of least resistance" to ease selection or
`tracing of a line in computer automated design (CAD) applica-
`tions, or making a detent at a window border on a screen,
`pulling the mouse over
`to a cell
`in a spread sheet or ina
`menu or over to a position in a dexterity teaching system.
`
`Tactile feedback, unlike force feedback which changes the\ mouse
`movement "feel", uses the sense of touch (sometimes combined with the
`
`233
`
`Vol. 32 No. 9B February 1990
`
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin
`
`

`

`MOUSE BALL-ACTUATING DEVICE WITH FORCE AND TACTILE FEEDBACK -
`Continued
`
`A simple ex-
`to provide information to the user.
`sense of hearing)
`ample of tactile feedback is the inclusion of a "clicker" in the mouse
`which clicks each time the mouse passes a step point and consists of a
`simple mechanical movement molded into the shell of
`the mouse.
`The
`click is felt and heard by the user in a way distinctly different from
`a "beep" from a speaker. Only the single-bit feedback signal from the
`host
`to the mouse is required to implement this idea.
`It can provide
`one click at a time, such as when stepping over a grid, or a continu-
`ous buzz (indicating movement)
`into an illegal zone.
`
`A complex clicker, or vibration-inducing unit within the mouse,
`can be
`implemented to simulate rolling the mouse over surfaces of
`various roughness. This is particularly adaptable to categorize menu
`options or
`to indicate different surfaces in a CAD system. Other
`possible uses include:
`
`- Click to indicate movement between windows.
`
`- Click to indicate crossing into a new cell in a spreadsheet.
`
`- Click to indicate crossing over a line in a CAD program.
`
`- Buzz to indicate an illegal button was actuated.
`
`- Various rates of clicking correspond to motion will give an
`indication of the current scale in a drawing program.
`
`the ability to input
`The device is designed to allow the user
`graphical
`information to a personal computer, similar to a standard
`mouse unit. However, it has the ability to receive feedback from the
`computer.
`Feedback to the user is provided by means of controlling
`the ease of movement of the mouse on a table.
`
`The mouse ball actuating device, as shown in Fig. 1, consists of
`top cover 1, bottom cover 2 and drive mechanism 3a (for a mouse with
`force feedback), and tactile feedback unit 3b. Drive mechanism 3a, as
`shown in Fig. 2, consists of mouse ball 4 which rotates about
`the "X"
`and "Y" axes when the mouse unit
`is moved on a hard surface. Roller
`pin 5 keeps the mouse ball in position.
`'"X" axis roller 6 rotates the
`"X" axis input cylinder 7.
`"Y" axis roller 8 rotates the "Y" axis
`input cylinder 9. Roller pin 5, "X" axis roller 6 and "Y" axis roller
`8 produce three points of contact for the mouse ball.
`They keep it in
`position so that movement
`from the bottom of the mouse ball on a hard
`surface will produce motion in "X" axis input cylinder 7 and "Y" axis
`input cylinder 9.
`The two relative motions conform to the motion of
`the mouse unit on the hard surface.
`
`Dashed lines 10 on input cylinders 7 and 9 represent alternating
`North and South poles of a magnet
`that is similar to the magnets used
`in standard stepper motors.
`The
`rotary motion of
`the alternating
`
`Vol. 32 No. 9B February 1990
`
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin
`
`234
`
`

`

`MOUSE BALL-ACTUATING DEVICE WITH FORCE AND TACTILE FEEDBACK -
`Continued
`
`through electromagnetic coils ll.
`poles produce a sinusoidal current
`This output current
`is sent back to the circuitry and converted to a
`binary input at
`the personal computer
`to indicate the motion of
`the
`mouse unit.
`
`Feedback to the user is produced by applying an external current
`through the "X" or
`"Y" electromagnet.
`This current attracts like
`poles and repels unlike poles of the input cylinders,
`thereby causing
`a resistance to the movement of
`the mouse ball.
`The user feels a
`higher resistance to movement when current is applied.
`The degree and
`direction of resistance to movement
`is controlled by the amount of
`current applied to the "X" and "Y" electromagnets.
`
`3 illustrates a means of achieving a similar
`Alternatively, Fig.
`effect. Mouse ball 12 and roller pin 13 remain the same as in Fig. 2.
`However,
`"X" axis roller 14 rotates the "X'’ LED/PTX wheel 15 and "Y"
`axis roller 16 rotates the "Y'" LED/PTX wheel 17.
`The wheels 15 and 17
`are read by the LED/PTX 18, similar to that used in a standard mouse.
`
`a controlled pressure on mouse
`is used to exert
`Brake shoe 19
`ball 12 to induce pressure on the movement of the mouse device. Brake
`shoe 19 is attached to plunger 20 which is controlled by electromagnet
`21. When current
`is applied through electromagnet 21, brake shoe 19
`pushes against mouse ball 12 to provide braking action.
`
`It con-
`in Fig. 4.
`Tactile feedback unit 3b is shown in detail
`sists of solenoid 22 and click plate 23.
`Signals from the host com-
`puter cause solenoid 22 to fire. This produces a tactile "click".
`
`the mouse can provide resistance to, and manual guid-
`In general,
`ance of, mouse movement, as well as straightforward tactile feedback.
`A mouse can produce vibrations and has the ability to make detents and
`can move a person's hand to a specific location.
`The mouse can have
`favored areas of movement ("detent"),
`somewhat
`like a discontinuous-
`position knob in stereo units, or
`the part of a watch that detains a
`wheel when moved in one direction but releases it on its return excur-
`sion.
`Possible uses of
`the mouse detent
`include spreadsheet fields,
`where the mouse "jumps" the user between fields,
`text editors, where
`the mouse has a tendency to jump to the head of paragraphs, and other
`menu-based systems where the cursor placement
`is important.
`In these
`applications, productivity is significantly enhanced.
`
`235
`
`Vol. 32 No. 9B February 1990
`
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin
`
`