THE INDEPENDENT GUIDE TO PERSONAL COMPUTING SEPTEMBER 26,1995 VOL.14 NO.16 U.S. 64.95/ CAN. $4.95/U.K. £2.95
`
`
`
`PCMagazine AtHome.Ly
`
`Back to School with
`
`
`
`re oS Softwarefor All Ages \e Fastest Desktop PentiumsYet 7
`
`En=
`
`
`oO
`
`EEee
`
`
`
`06 New 120- and 133“MHz Screamers
`JohnDvorak on Uperading Grandma’s.
`Old PC: Are YouMan Enough toTry?—
`PC LabsTeststhe Real
`
`|
`
`ItRun? WIN a with
`LO
`sl
`
`ec
`“Non
`snd Compares It w A
`Fast Does
`~
`tt Work
`
`SEC
`
`|
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 1
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 1
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`» 6.0
`er's
`Inly
`
`y a
`
`ge,
`‘cluding
`‘nner.
`
`es:
`
`vith
`d‘jes
`o-read
`
`guides
`
`a i
`
`nte-
`stant
`ic
`r Thge
`
`er today.
`ext. 10
`
`Inside
`The Windows95 challenge.....
`Letters=|
`Open your home to a
`POEMHUM weesseescescseneseerssessreseeees
`Trendsiw
`© The Web’s financial district
`e American-made LCD panels
`* All-in-one Internet suites
`® Virtual prototyping ............bo‘©
`
`
`
`e WinFax Scanner
`e Xres
`* Helix Hurricane
`© ConversionsPlus..........0637
`
`New & Improved
`BY MELISSA J. PERENSON.....--000461
`
`Read Only
`EDITED BY TIN ALBANOssseseseoeee69
`
`TES
`
`Michael J. Miller
`Windows95 Is Far from
`CHICAQO.-coscescseetesseessecssessenneens75
`
`Bill Machrone
`Disabling Technology........... 83
`Second LOOKS...c.cceccssseseeeeneee 85
`
`John GC. Dvorak
`
`Grandma’s Old1Computer coves89
`
`Inside Track..
`
`oe DL
`
`_andlift the covers of their underlying
`
`BY MICHAEL J. MILLER
`At long last, Microsoft has delivered
`Windows95. Butis it right for you or
`not? To help you decide, we put the
`shipping version of Windows
`95
`through hours of exhaustive testing,
`measuring its performance, stability,
`capacity, and compatibility against the
`dominant operating systems on today’s
`PCs: Microsoft Windows3.1, Microsoft
`Windows for Workgroups 3.11, IBM’s
`OS/2 Warp Connect Version 3, and
`Microsoft Windows NT Workstation
`3.51. We also comparetheir user inter-
`faces, contrast their bundled applica-
`tions, survey their networking features,
`
`architectures. An operating-system
`upgradeis serious business. Here’s what you need to know about 32-bit
`platforms to makethe right CHOICE ......ssssessesesseseeseseeeesesnssneneneneenereeree OZ
`
`
`
`‘ieSeptember 26, 1995 Volume 14 Number 16
`
`Went
`
`
`
`: Your Next
`
`OPERATING oo
`
`Jim Seymour
`ZIP Tricks: First, Find One for
`Sale ..
`cee
`IS
`
`Bill Howard
`Winners and Losers in °95....,.95
`
` Compatibility Compared................0.:60+00172
`
`The Big Pictwre .ncccccicjcseccscstnessecssecssiostusnnnetons108
`Architectural Review .............2..::c:cc:c:eseeeeeeee 132
`Performance Results........ seceutgseistereeieee 144
`Stability & Capacity..........:cccccccsessessceseeeenes 162
`
`-Cover image by Jack Harris/Visual Logic
`
`SEPTEMBER 26, 1995 PCMAGAZINE 7
`
`
`
`
`
`HPInc. - Exhibit 1022- Page 2|fi
`
`7 ;
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 2
`
`

`

`
`aCover Story
`Your Next
`
`he wait for Windows95 is over at
`last. Microsoft has delivered final
`codeforits long-awaited operating
`system, and now youcan get on with
`the serious business of figuring out
`whetheror notthis is the OS you should be running.
`To help you decide,-PC Labs has put the ship-
`ping version of Windows 95 through exhaustive
`tests, systematically measuring its performance,
`stability, capacity, and compatibility against the
`dominant operating systems on today’s PCs: Mi-
`crosoft Windows 3.1, Microsoft Windows for
`Workgroups3.11, IBM’s OS/2 Warp Connect 3.0,
`and Microsoft Windows NT Workstation 3.51.
`
`OVOIEM
`
`By MichaelJ. Miller
`
`
`
`DOS’S DAYS ARE NUMBERED
`Onethingis clear: Even though the overwhelming
`majority of PCMagazine readers are running Win-
`dows3.1 today, we’re firmly convinced that the
`days of MS-DOSand Wiridows3.1 are numbered.
`The adventof new, more sophisticated operating
`systems and the market acceptanceoffast PCs with
`ample RAM andharddisk storage at reasonable
`prices mean that you no longer have to cope with
`the limitations of DOS and Windows3.1.
` _.
`
`Whatever advanced operating system you'll be
`
`
`
`Today’s32-bitoperatingsystemsarealogicalmatchforthenative32-
`
`everything but cooperative. The three 32-bit contenders poised to
`bit architectures of advanced microprocessorslike the 386, 486, and
`succeedit offer preemptive multitasking, a fat more robust way for
`Pentium. Under a 32-bit OS, pragrams can manipulate 32-bit chunks
`the OS to divvy up system resources, The unit that is multitasked is a
`“ of data and addréss large memory areasinalogical, streamlined manner.
`program thread, a fully functional subset of a program. Your apps can have
`Application cade can be smaller and, depending on thetype of operationit
`~ multiple threads performing separate tasks at the sametime. The net
`is performing, noticeablyfaster. A 32-bit architecture is also a big win for
`result is far smoother multitasking, better program response, and less
`programmers, whonolonger haveto wrestle with the Byzantine complexity
`waiting for the hourglass to go away.
`of 16-bit segments andoffsets.
`
`Windows3.1'ssimplecooperativemultitaskingschemeisoften
`
`402 PCMAGAZINE SEPTEMBER26, 1995
`
`Iustrationby Jack Harris/Visual Log
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 3
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 3
`
`

`

`tures of earlier operating systems.
`Will Windows 95 be
`Thebasic architectural design of a
`your next OS? What
`- 32-bit, protected, multitasking, mul-
`tithreaded OSisn’t new. OS/2 has
`been offering these features for
`about OS/2 Warp
`years; it was followed by Windows
`NT,arid both were precededbyvari-
`Connect? Or Windows
`ants of Unix. The new set of net-
`those existing16-bit applications. IVL¢ Shouldyou stay
`working features in Windows 95
`buildson features offered in Win-
`-dows for Workgroups 3.11 and Win-
`with Windows 3.1? Its
`dows NT. Even Windows 95’s user
`interface has precedents: A desktop
`tocrashthewholeystem:Aulotter 22€ for a tough chotce.
`look with files and folders was popu-
`larized by the Macintosh more than
`ten years ago, and the taskbarfol-
`lows in the tradition ofutilities like
`' Starfish Software’s Dashboard and OS/2 Warp’s Launch
`Pad.It’s the slick combination ofall those features—along
`with otherslike the convenient Plug and Play standard—
`that makes Windows 95 worthy of the attention.
`_
`The most important question is one of execution: How
`well does Windows95 do in thecritical measures ofjper-
`formance,stability, and compatibility compared with
`its.
`competitors? Are any of the alternatives worth theeffortit
`
`using in the next few years, many of
`its characteristics are already clear.
`All the contenders are, at least in
`largé part, 32-bit designs that sup-
`port 32-bit applications with far
`more advanced features than the
`16-bit DOSand Windowssoftware
`we're used to, At the same time,
`
`All provide more protection for
`these new.applications, so that one
`errant program won’t be as likely
`
`true multitasking (the ability to run
`multiple programs at the same
`time) as well as multithreading(the
`ability to have a single program do multiple things at the
`same time). All provide (or, in the case of Windows NT,
`will soon provide) a new user-friendly interface with
`object-oriented characteristics. And all offer broad net-
`work connectivity outof the box.
`
`NOISY ARRIVAL
`Windows 95 comes into this market surrounded by a glow
`
`—
`
`
`
`of novelty, but in many ways,it simply builds upon the fea-
`
`takes to switch over?
`
`Atfast,networkinghasbecomeastandardOScomponent.Whenyou
`
`switch to an advancedOS,you will also be getting connected. Out-
`of-box support for Novell and other common PC LANsis common-
`place, and TCP/IP is fast becoming a standard part of OS bundles. Connec-
`tivity features may also includepriceless aids for mobile users such as
`_femote dial-up and high-speed cable connections. To hookupto therest of
`the world, 05/2 Warp provides a World-Wide Webbrowserto get you on
`the Internet; Windows.95offers a browserin Microsoft Pius!
`
`
`
`Wtotheuserinterface.Yourscreenbecomesatruedesktop,andyou
`
`indows 95 and 05/2 bring a potent
`
`object-oriented metaphor
`
`can useit to hast objects representing programs,files, drives,
`devices, and directories. An object-oriented shell also has theintelligence
`to tell you about the objectsit contains. Right-clicking on any object brings
`up a context menuwith details on all its properties andall the things you
`can do to it. Windows NT still uses the old Windows3.1 interface, buta
`slick Windows 95-style shell is in the works.
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 4
`
`SEPTEMBER26, 1995 PCMAGAZINE 103.
`a
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 4
`
`

`

`COVER STORY
`Operating Systems
`
`In thesections that follow, we answer
`these questions, Westart with an overview
`of each of the operating systems, summa-
`rizing the findings of our recent tests as
`well as our earlier examinationof the fea-
`tures of each environment.(See “Getting
`Ready for Windows 95,” May 16, 1995,
`which contains moredetails on each of the
`operating systems as well as a complete
`look at their architectures and networking
`features.) We then go into more detail on
`the underlying design of each system and
`follow that with in-depth testing of perfor-
`mance,stability, and compatibility.
`
`-
`
`THE BOTTOM LINE
`Whatare you trying to accomplish with
`your computer? Answer that question,
`and you'll be well on your way to knowing
`which OSto use. Thereis no single “best”
`OSthat’s the right choicein all cases. That
`said, the right OS for youis the one that
`best runs the applications you want, tak-
`ing into accountits system requirements
`and your compatibility concerns.
`If you have a machine with 4MB of
`memory that runs well enough foryou, and
`you don’t want to upgrade your hardware, °
`stick with DOS and Windows.This setup
`
`works pretty well for most people and has
`an enormous base of software support.
`While developers are now designing32-bit
`applications, the huge installed base of
`Windows 3.1 and Windows for Work-
`groups 3.11 assures that you'll have appli-
`cation support for a long time to come.
`If you haveat least 8MB of memory
`‘ and an extra 60MB ofhard disk space, or
`are willing to upgrade, then Windows95is
`the compelling choice.It offers all its new
`features with little upgrade pain. In our
`tests,it installed relatively easily in most
`circumstances, did well in compatibility
`
`Features of Your Next OS: Despite their differences, allthe new 32-bit
`MICROSOFTWINDOWS95
`
`CHESSSR UUSEa
`
`
`Yiminé0avisretedeb
`
`
`»> The Windows 95
`interface offers a true
`desktop with iconsfor
`programs, documents,
`directories, and system
`components. Context
`menus, accessed by
`right-clicking, give you
`the relevant actions
`and properties for any
`object.
`
`» Windows 95 comes
`out of the box with a
`
`carddrivers.Utilities
`
`like Network Neighbor-
`hood make server
`navigation extremely
`easy.
`
`> Compatibility with
`16-bit Windows
`programsis near
`perfect, andinstallatior
`is the samefor 16-bit
`and native apps. You
`can also continue to
`use your16-bit device
`drivers if you needta.
`DOSprograms are well
`supported,too.
`
`nice suite of popular
`OtisWisden sepertimntrosks,
`networkprotocols and
`Workgroupsactually
`@intenwierasanMaesNewt
`OdkneliinodFeedfyaintocoahericGitrasbes
`an impressive collec-
`includes peer-network
`podpistes onMinosenwindowsWT,Mictanes
`orhesMereso-caapasbla
`capability in the box.It
`} ;
`tion of network adapter
`
`
`
`USERINTERFACE
`
`NETWORKING
`
`COMPATIBILITY
`
`
`
`
`
`> Nothing new here.
`File Managercan’t read
`Program Manager
`groups, and your groups
`stay stuck in Program
`Manager. You can’t
`drag documents or
`programsto the desk-
`top. There has got to be
`a better way.
`
`> Windows3.1 is
`
`mildly network-aware,
`but Windowsfor
`
`alsoletsyouconfigure
`
`Windows with many
`standard third-party
`networks such as
`Novell NetWare.
`
`> Inaddition to
`
`running its native 16-
`bit and Win32s appli-
`cations, Windows3.1
`supports most of your
`old-standby character-
`made DOS applica-
`tions, which you can
`tun either in a win-
`dowedsessionorfull
`screen.
`
`seers—mn
`
`104 PCMAGAZINE SEPTEMBER 26, 1995
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 5
`
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 5
`
`

`

`COVER STORY
`Operating Systems
`
`tests, and performed somewhere between
`Windows 3.1 and Windows for Work-
`groups 3.11 in many performancetests.
`That’s not to say that Windows 95 is
`perfect: It isn’t. It makes trade-offs for the
`sake of backward compatibility and can’t
`offer the level of crash protection offered
`by OS/2 or Windows NT. Like most new
`programs,it has a numberof small glitch-
`es. And thetotal cost of upgrading is more
`than just the cost of the software; there
`are associated costs for hardware up-
`grades, the time to-install, and retraining.
`Still, you end up with a morestable envi-
`
`ronment, get a better interface, and have
`the ability to run new applications while
`still remaining highly compatible with the
`old. In short, we find Windows 95 the best
`choice for most PC users.
`If you really want security and protec-
`tion, and the ability to run most existing
`Windowsprogramsandnew Windowspro-
`grams under development,then Windows
`NT should be your choice. It was the most
`robust operating system wetested, and the:
`fact thatits API is almost identical to that of
`Windows 95 guarantees that many applica-
`tions will be available for it. The cost, how-
`
`ever, is steep. Aside from being the most
`expensive operating system in this compar-
`ison, you'll needa fastmachine with atleast
`16MB ofmemory torun it.
`You'll also give up compatibility with
`DOSdevice drivers and applications—in-
`cluding many popular games—thatwrite
`directly to the hardware. Currently,it of-
`fers only an unfinished version of the new
`user interface introduced in Windows95,
`althougha final version is scheduled-for
`release by early 1996. Otherfeatures such
`as Plug and Play are further away. Win-
`dows NT makes sense for corporations
`
`operatin© systems are conVergino On a similar set offeatures.
`IBM 0S/2 WARP
`
`You ara bate roelRae » 0S/2 Warp gives you
`
`
`
`(eee gn n prak?
`
`BO he whey
`-
`S|)Dm prwtenr rerevtniten,
`Yes wre tn
`
`arich shell environ-
`meant complete with
`folders,icons,right-
`click-accessible context
`menus, the LaunchPad,
`and full drag-and-drop
`support. In fact, it looks
`alot like Windows
`95—but 0S/2 Warp
`hadit first.
`
`TCP/IP stack, a Net-
`Wareclient, and
`Internet access,is very
`complete. Butinstalla-
`tion can be complex. Be
`prepared for some
`tweaking.
`
`» 0S/2 Warp's support
`for 16-bit Windows
`appsis impressive.
`Depending on which
`version you buy, 0S/2
`Warpruns them using
`IBM's WIN-OS/2
`libraries or actual code
`from Windows3.1. It
`can’t run real-mode
`devicedrivers.
`
`> Built-in client
`> Networking is an
`networking in OS/2
`integral part of Win-
`Warp Connect, which
`dows NT Workstation.
`(Gen CREetaryCorea lower
`wert earhtarhieaamets
`
`includes 4 robust
`|rowspan ‘te nator
`Out of the box, you get
`Client Service for
`NetWare, an IPX/SPX-
`compatible protocol,
`FIP Server capability, a
`TCP/IP stack, Remote
`Accessclient and
`server, and more.
`
` Se Ianenn
`
`> Officially, Windows
`NT Workstation uses
`the Windows3.1 in-
`terface. Unofficially, a
`WindowsNTbeta of
`the Windows95in-
`
`terfaceis already being
`circulated. Microsoft
`expectsto ship thefinal
`version by the end of
`the year.
`
`
`
`
`
`> Windows NT Work-
`Station runs most 16-bit
`Windowsapps, butit
`won't run real-mode
`device drivers. Native
`Windows NTapplica-
`tions have been scarce
`up till now, but many
`upcoming Windows 95
`apps will be Windows
`NT-certified.
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 6
`
`SEPTEMBER26, 1995 PCMAGAZINE 105
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 6
`
`

`

`COMPAQ
`NOTEBOOKS.
`FROM EXTRA
`PORTABLE
`TO EXTRA
`POWERFUL.
`
`Wherever your work takes you, you can
`be sure one of these Compaq’ notebook
`PCs makes sense for you. Call and ask
`us about the Compaq Contura’ 400
`Series—a powerful combination of
`affordability and features. Orif you're
`on the road more often than not, the
`Contura Aero” is a great choice. Why?
`Weighing in at just 4.2 pounds, it’s our
`lightest, smallest notebook. But if you
`need full-function desktop capabilities,
`ask us about the Compaq LTE Elite”
`with its optional SmartStation™ Expansion
`Base. This high-performance notebook
`ig at homeon the road, and on your desk.
`Whichever Compaq notebook you
`choose, one of our cost-saving Option
`Paqs” will make it work even harder for
`you. And since all our notebooks come
`with a 3-Year Worldwide Warranty; you
`can count on Compaq support whether
`you're working at home, or in one of
`
`over 85 countries around the world.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`= Sy =|
`SSSa
`=
`etd]
`
`HP IngExpt 1022 - Page 7
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 7
`
`

`

`‘CHOOSE YOUR COMPAQ NOTEBOOK
`
`Contura Aero 4/33C
`
`Contura 420C
`
`= 486SX/33MHz Processor
`= 4MB RAM
`
`= 250MBHard Drive
`
`7.8” Color Backlit STN VGA Display
`
`One POMCIA TypeIl Slot
`3.5” External Diskette Drive
`
`Integrated Compaq
`EasyPoint™ Trackball
`
`Enhanced NiMH Battery with
`2% to 4 hours of battery life
`
`Security and Power
`Conservation Features
`
`AC Adapter
`
`Weighs only 4.2 Ibs.
`
`Preinstalled MS-DOS°6,
`MiS-Windows° 3.1,
`Lotus Organizer, and TabWorks”
`WinLink File Transfer
`Utility with Cable
`
`486DX4/75MHz Processor
`8MB RAM
`420MB Hard Drive
`10.4"Color Dual Scan Display
`Two PCMCIA Type Il Slots
`3.5" 1.44MB Diskette Drive
`Integrated Center-Mounted Trackball
`Enhanced NiMH Battery with up
`to 5’ hours on a single charge
`Tilting, Full-Funetion Keyboard
`Wall-Mount AC Adapter
`Optiona! Docking Base
`Weighsonly 5.9 Ibs.
`3-Year Worldwide Warranty*
`Only $2,599*
`
`Contura 430C
`
`= 486DX4/100MHz Processor
`© 8MBRAM
`= 720MB Hard Drive
`
`@ 3-Year Worldwide Warranty*
`
`® 10.4" Color Dual Scan Display
`
`Only $1,199*
`
`i=
`
`LTE Elite 4/75CX
`
`= 486DX4/75MHz Processor
`® 8MB RAM
`
`= 510MB Removable Hard Drive
`
`9.5" Color VGA TFT Display
`
`Built-In AC Adapter
`
`Two PCMCIA TypeIl Slots
`3,5” 1.44MB Diskette Drive
`
`Built-In Enhanced EasyPoint Trackball
`
`NiMH Battery with 2/4 to 4'4 hours
`of battery life
`
`6.93 lbs. total carrying weight
`
`Preinstalled MS-DOS6,
`MS-Windows 3.1, Microsoft® Video for
`Windows (Runtime), and TabWorks
`3-Year Worldwide Warranty?
`
`Price includes a FREE Compaq
`SmartStation Expansion Base**
`(shown atleft)
`
`Only $4,099*
`
`Only $2,999"
`
`Contura Aero Option Pag
`= Compaq 192 POMCIA Fax Modem
`® Enhanced NiMH Battery Pack
`® Choice of Kensington Traveling Tote Case or
`Compaq Backpack
`Only $279
`
`Contura Option Pag
`© Compaq 192 PCMCIA Fax Modem
`
`Elite Smart Option Pag
`= Compaq 150 Color Monitor
`
`= Enhanced NiMH Battery Pack
`
`= Enhanced Keyboard and Mouse
`
`2 Kensington Executive Traveling Case
`Only $339
`
`= APC Professional 7 Surge Protector
`Only $499
`
`*Call for lease price. Leasing is provided by GE Capital Services for a termof 36 nionths and is subject to approved credit and certain terms and conditions. Call for <letails. Reseller prices mayvary, TRestrictions and exclusions apply.
`Batterypacks andcertain options are covered by a One-Year Warranty. Compaq Contura Aeto, Contura #20C, Contura 430C and LTEGlite are covered bya Three-Year Worldwide Limited Warranty. °*Free SmartStation Expansion
`Base promotion is for LTE Flite 4/75CX models 340 and510 only, Free offer valid through 12/31/95 or while supplieslast. Offer available in the U.S,only, © 1995 Compaq Computer Corporation.All rights reserved, Compaq and
`the Compaq Logo Registered LES, Patent and Trademark Office. Contura is a registered trademark, DirectPlus is a registered service mark, Option Pagis a'service mark, and ExsyPoint, LTE Elite, SmartStation and Aero are
`trademarks ofCompaq Computer Corporation. Products, prices and progranis are subject to change withoutnotice. Other products are trademarks orregistered trademarks oftheir respective companies. Microsoft, MS-DOS and
`Windows are registered trademarks ofMicrosoft Corporation:TabWorks is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation.
`
`1-800-888-2329
`ae)eteh
`DirectPlus
`Heekdays 7-7, Sat. 9-3 CST
`
`Orfor the nameof your nearest Compaq Authorized Reseller, call 1-800-345-1518.
`
`Askfor our newfree catalog.
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 8
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 8
`
`

`

`developing mission-critical applications,
`but while it may be the operating system
`of the future, it doesn’t yet appeal to the
`averageindividualuser.
`OS/2 Warp Connect3.0 stakes out a
`middle pround.It’s the right environment
`if you want somewhat more protection
`than Windows95 but don’t need the pro-
`tection or have the system requirements
`for Windows NT. It does a very reason-
`able job of running existing Windowsap-
`plications, although it’s somewhatslower
`than Windows 3.1 or Windows 95.
`Ttremains to be seenwhether IBM can
`convince software vendorsto adapt their
`32-bit titles for OS/2 Warp or create sig-
`nificant new applications for the platform.
`Installation and hardware compatibility,
`while improving, still are problematic.
`OS/2 Warp Connect3.0’s built-in applica-
`tions and broad networking support make
`it a good step upfor businesses that cur-
`rently run OS/2 applications. In addition,
`OS/2 Warp is likely to satisfy those who
`want to run a non-Microsoft environment
`onx86-compatiblehardware, whether be-
`cause they don’t like Microsoft, are con-
`cerned aboutits increasing dominancein
`PC software, or just want an alternative.
`For most people, the choice will come
`down to staying with Windowsor upgrad-
`ing to Windows 95. Given the support for
`Windows 95 among both hardware and
`software developers,it seemsquite likely
`that Windows95 will become the. domi-
`nant PC OSover the next 12 months.
`
`
`_Our Gontributors: Micuaev J.
`MILLERis editor-in-chief; CADE METZ is a
`staff editor; EDWARD MENDELSONis a
`contributing editor; BEN Z. GOTTESMAN
`and Nick STAM are technical directors;
`RICHARD Fiscois a projectleader;
`LauRA Cox, DEVAL SHAH, and DANNY .
`SMITH are technical analysts; MARK
`VALENTINE, BRUCE DEODAT, and
`MELANIO LOPEZare supporttechnicians;
`and RicH DRAGAN is a programmerat
`PC Magazine. JONATHAN HIisa fre-
`quent contributor. MATT PIETREKis an
`author and software developer. FRANK
`Evans, DAVID MorLitz, GLENN MENIN,
`LEONARD PRESBERG, RICHARD ROVEG-
`No, and TODD FEINMAN are freelance
`support technicians. THOMAS MACE was
`the senior editor in charge of the story,
`and Jay MUNRO wastheproject leader.
`
`108 eCMAGAZINE SEPTEMBER 26, 1995
`
`COVER STORY
`Operating Systems
`
`
`Your Next OS
`
`TheBig Picture
`
`Windowsis showing its age and three
`competitors areporsedto takeitsplace. Compare
`. theirstrengts,features, andvulnerabilities.
`
`
`
`~
`
`By MichaelJ. Miller
`memory in 64K segments and manipulate
`data in 16-bit chunks. Aside from driving
`programmersto distraction, this system
`can belessefficient than 32-bit addressing
`whenlarge amounts ofdata are involved.
`Limits to system resources are another
`consequence of a 16-bit foundation. Win-
`dows 3.x offers limited storage space for
`structures such as applicationfile handles.
`When these small memoryareasfill up,
`Windows can’t load new apps, even when
`=m
`there’s plenty of free mem-
`ory left.
`The Windows user in-
`terface, based on Program
`Manager and File Manag-
`er, is familiar to most PC
`users. The environmentin-
`cludes a Control Panel for
`managing the environment
`and a series of small appli-
`
`
`
`|
`
`SINCE ITS INTRODUCTION FOUR YEARS AGO,
`Windows3.1 has becomethe de facto op-
`erating system standard in the PC indus-
`try. Windows 3.1 or Windows for Work-
`groups 3.11 comepreinstalled on over 80
`percent of new PCs, and Windowsappli-
`cations accountfor over 60 percentofall
`PC softwaresold.Still, given that Intelin-
`troduced the 32-biti386 microprocessor
`ten years ago, 16-bit Windowsis definite-
`ly showingits age.
`Windows3.1 stands on
`the architectural founda-
`tions of Windows
`3.0,
`which was introduced in
`1990. It loads on top of
`DOS,which provides many
`basic OS services. On top
`of the DOSinfrastructure,
`Windowsadds a graphical
`=
`operating environmentand
`featureslike the simple cooperative multi-
`tasking schemeit uses torun multiple Win-
`dows and DOSapplications.
`:
`The Windows architecture putsall ap-
`plicationsand system code into a single
`address space. This means that a misbe-
`having application can scribble on the
`memory being used by the operating en-
`vironmentitself or by another applica-
`tion. The result is the dreaded General
`Protection Fault. Sometimes Windows re-
`covers gracefully; most timesit can’t.
`Windows3.x is inherently a 16-bit op-
`erating system, so programs address
`
`includingNotepad,Write, Paint,
`cations,s,
`Terminal, and the ever-popular Mine-
`" sweeperand Solitaire games.
`Windows for Workgroups added a
`group of network features. The most
`prominent was peer-to-peer networking,
`which lets you share a drive or directory
`with otherusers, either using Windows’
`built-in networking features or over a
`larger server-based network, such as Nov-
`ell’s NetWare or Windows NT.
`In addition, Windows for Workgroups
`addeda client for Microsoft Mail and for
`Schedule +, Microsoft’s e-mail and sched-
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 9
`
`Illustrations by Jonathan Charles Lund
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 9
`
`

`

`$1799
`
`DELL DIMENSION
`Reliable PCs For High
`CUT em ROU TLL
`
`DELL DIMENSION™XPS P100c
`JOOMHz PENTIUM® PROCESSOR
`+ Mini Tower Model
`Parysmal OM rita
`(128MB Max RAM)
`* 256KB Writeback Cache
`* 540MB Hard Drive (12ms}
`PaeM Om gM
`CeeEset M mnmAMAHI cLe)
`
`* 3.5" Diskette Drive
`
`+ Spacesaver Keyboard/Mouse
`- MS-DOS* 6.2/Microsoft™
`ATI Le LWSaaS a TRL PENES
`macimTUTe elas
`* Add a 28.8 US Robotics Fax/
`Madem for only $149 more.
`Business Lease”: $67/Mo.
`Order Code #500123
`
`100MHz Pentium
`Processor PC
`For Only
`
`YOU'VE JUST ENTERED A
`NEW PRICE DIMENSION.
`
`
`
`TOTES SOR
`pentium
`
`Dell's featured digital artist is Sanjay Kothari of New York, NY.
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 10
`
`Wecall it the really low price
`zone. Where you can get an award-
`winning Dell Dimension XPS P100
`
`machine far less than you ever
`
`thoughtpossible.
`You also get the advantage of
`award-winning service and
`support.In fact, weve recently won
`a “Best” in PC World’ Reliability
`
`and Service study.
`So with Dell, you get a high
`quality PC at a greatprice, without
`paying the price in the areasof
`reliability and support. That's
`what we call being in the zone.
`
`800-545-3721
`In Canada* call 800-668-3021
`Mon-Fri 7am-9om CT ° Sat 10am-6pm CT
`Sun 12pm-5pm CT * http://www.us.dell.com/
`
`HP Inc. - Exhibit 1022 - Page 10
`
`