12/14/23, 2:42 PM
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`Differences in Microcomputer, Microprocessor and Microcontroller
`
`Differences in Microcomputer, Microprocessor and
`Microcontroller
`
`Microcontroller Microprocessor
`
`Computers
`
`Let us discuss Microcomputer, Microprocessor, and Microcontroller in this article and also to
`highlight their respective differences in between.
`
`Microcomputer
`
`inexpensive, and limited capability
`A microcomputer can be defined as a small sized,
`computer.
`It has the same architectural block structure that
`is present on a computer.
`Present-day microcomputers are having smaller sizes. Nowadays, they are of the size of a
`notebook. But in the coming daysalso their sizes will get more reduced as well. Due to their
`lower costs,
`individuals can possess them as their personal computers. Because of mass
`production, they are becoming still cheaper. Initially,
`in the earlier days, they were not very
`much powerful. Their
`internal operations and instructions were very much limited and
`restricted. But at present days, microcomputers have not only multiplied and divide
`instructions on unsigned and signed numbers but are also capable of performing floating
`point arithmetic operations.
`In
`fact,
`they are becoming more
`powerful
`than the
`minicomputers and main computers of yesteryear.
`
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`EX. 1012
`LG Electronics, Inc. / Page 1 of 6
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`EX. 1012
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`12/14/23, 2:42 PM
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`Differences in Microcomputer, Microprocessor and Microcontroller
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`https:/Avww.tutorialspoint.com/differences-in-microcomputer-microprocessor-and-microcontroller
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`Differences in Microcomputer, Microprocessor and Microcontroller
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`As an example, the Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era
`and is the best-selling model of home computer ofall time.
`
`So a microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its
`central processing unit
`(CPU).
`It
`includes a
`single printed circuit board containing a
`microprocessor, memory, and minimal input/output(I/O) circuitry mounted. With the advent
`of increasingly powerful microprocessors, microcomputers became popular in the 1970s
`andi980s. The predecessors to these computers, mainframes, and minicomputers, were
`comparatively much larger and more expensive(though indeed present-day mainframes such
`as the IBM System z machines use one or more custom microprocessors as their CPUs). Also,
`we can mention that many microcomputers,
`in the generic sense, (when equipped with a
`keyboard and screen for input and output) are also personal computers.
`
`Microprocessor
`
`The processor on a single chip is called a Microprocessor which can process micro-
`instructions.
`Instructions
`in
`the form of Osand is are called micro-instructions. The
`
`is also available as a single
`microprocessor is the CPU part of a microcomputer, and it
`integrated circuit. Thus as main components, the microprocessor will have theControl Unit
`(CU) and the Arithmetic Logic Unit
`(ALU) of a microcomputer. An example is Intel 8085
`microprocessor.
`In addition to the microprocessor features, a microcomputer will have the
`following additional features:
`
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`EX. 1012
`LG Electronics, Inc. / Page 3 of 6
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`EX. 1012
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`Differences in Microcomputer, Microprocessor and Microcontroller
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`@ ROM/PROM/EPROM/EEPROM for storing program
`
`e RAM for storing data, intermediate results, and final results
`
`e 1/0 devices for communication with the outside world
`
`e 1/0 ports for communication with the I/O devices.
`
`In the present-day world, Microprocessors are extensively used. Before the microprocessor’s
`invention,
`the logic design was done by hardware using gates,
`flip-flops, etc. A mini-
`computer was too much costly. With the advent of the microprocessor,
`logic design using
`hardware has been mostly replaced.
`It provides flexibility instrumentation where the
`characteristics of the system can be changed just by changing the software. Also, new
`generations of applications have surfaced, which were not thought of earlier because of the
`prohibitive cost of a minicomputer or the complexity of logic design using hardware.
`
`Some of the applications where microprocessors have been used arelisted below -
`
`e Business applications such as desktop publishing
`
`e Industrial applications such as power plant control
`
`e Measuring instruments such as multimeter
`
`e@ Household equipment such as washing machine
`
`e Medical equipment such as blood pressure monitor
`
`e@ Defense equipment such as light combat aircraft;
`
`e@ Computers such as a personal computer
`
`Microcontroller
`
`A Microcontroller is a small and low-cost microcomputer, which is designed to perform the
`specific tasks of embedded systems like displaying microwave information, receiving remote
`signals etc.
`
`The general microcontroller consists of the processor,
`Serial ports, peripherals (timers, counters) etc.
`
`the memory (RAM, ROM, EPROM),
`
`Types of Microcontrollers
`
`Microcontrollers are divided into various categories based on memory, architecture, bits and
`instruction sets. Following is the list of their types —
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`Differences in Microcomputer, Microprocessor and Microcontroller
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`e Bit - Based on bit configuration,
`categories.
`
`the microcontroller is further divided into three
`
`e@ 8-bit microcontroller — This type of the microcontroller is used to execute
`arithmetic and logical operations like addition,
`subtraction, multiplication
`division, etc. For example, Intel 8031 and 8051 are an 8-bit microcontroller.
`
`e@ 16-bit microcontrollers — This type of the microcontroller is used to perform
`arithmetic and logical operations where higher accuracy and performanceis
`required. Forexample, Intel 8096 is a 16-bit microcontroller.
`
`e@ 32-bit microcontrollers — This type of the microcontroller is generally used in
`automatically controlled appliances
`like automatic operational machines,
`medical appliances, etc.
`
`e@ Memory — Based on the memory configuration, the microcontroller is further divided
`into two categories.
`
`e@ External memory microcontroller — This type of microcontroller is designed in
`such a way that they do not have a program memory on the chip. Hence,it is
`named
`as
`external memory microcontroller.
`For
`example
`Intel
`8031
`microcontroller.
`
`e@ Embedded memory microcontroller — This type of microcontroller is designed
`in such a way that the microcontroller has all programs and data memory,
`counters and timers,
`interrupts,
`I/O ports are embedded on the chip. For
`example Intel 8051 microcontroller.
`
`e Instruction Set - Based on the instruction set configuration, the microcontroller is
`further divided into two categories.
`
`e CISC-— CISC stands for complex instruction set computer. It allows the user to
`insert a single instruction as an alternative to many simple instructions.
`
`e@ RISC-— RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computers. It reduces the
`operational time by shortening the clock cycle per instruction.
`
`Applications of Microcontrollers
`
`Microcontrollers are widely used in various different devices such as —
`
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`EX. 1012
`LG Electronics, Inc. / Page 5 of 6
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`EX. 1012
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`12/14/23, 2:42 PM
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`Differences in Microcomputer, Microprocessor and Microcontroller
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`e Light sensing and controlling devices like LED.
`
`@ Jemperature sensing and controlling devices like a microwave oven, chimneys.
`
`e Fire detection and safety devices like the Fire alarm.
`
`e Measuring devices like Volt Meter.
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