`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`––––––––––
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`––––––––––
`
`SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS AMERICA, INC.,
`
`SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.,
`
`Petitioners,
`
`
`v.
`
`COBBLESTONE WIRELESS, LLC,
`
`Patent Owner.
`
`––––––––––
`Case No. IPR2024-00319
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`––––––––––
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 8,891,347
`
`
`
`02198-00092/14576766.1
`
`Cobblestone Wireless, LLC
`Ex. 2023, IPR2024-00315
`Page 1 of 90
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`I.
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1
`
`II.
`
`Standing ........................................................................................................... 2
`
`III.
`
`Identification of Challenge And Relief Requested .......................................... 3
`
`IV. Public Availability of Sesia ............................................................................. 3
`
`V.
`
`Level Of Ordinary Skill In The Art ................................................................. 6
`
`VI. The ’347 patent ................................................................................................ 6
`
`A. Overview ............................................................................................... 6
`
`VII. Claim Construction ........................................................................................ 10
`
`A.
`
`“path parameter information” .............................................................. 11
`
`B.
`
`“predistorting a second signal at the transmitter in a time
`domain, frequency domain, and a spatial domain” ............................. 12
`
`VIII. The Prior Art .................................................................................................. 13
`
`A.
`
`Sesia (Ex. 1003) .................................................................................. 13
`
`B. Motivation to Combine ....................................................................... 24
`
`C.
`
`Forenza (Ex. 1014) .............................................................................. 25
`
`IX. Grounds of Rejection ..................................................................................... 28
`
`A. Ground 1: Sesia ................................................................................... 28
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`Claim 1 ...................................................................................... 29
`
`Claim 2 ...................................................................................... 45
`
`Claim 3 ...................................................................................... 48
`
`Claim 4 ...................................................................................... 49
`
`Claim 6 ...................................................................................... 50
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`Claim 7 ...................................................................................... 52
`
`Claims 8-12, 14-17, 19-23 ........................................................ 54
`
`B.
`
`Ground 2: Forenza ............................................................................... 57
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`Claim 1 ...................................................................................... 57
`
`Claim 2 ...................................................................................... 67
`
`Claim 3 ...................................................................................... 67
`
`Claim 4 ...................................................................................... 67
`
`Claim 6 ...................................................................................... 68
`
`Claim 7 ...................................................................................... 68
`
`Claims 8-12, 14-17, 19-23 ........................................................ 68
`
`X. Discretionary Denial ...................................................................................... 71
`
`A.
`
`Fintiv.................................................................................................... 71
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`General Plastic .................................................................................... 72
`
`35 U.S.C. §325(d)................................................................................ 73
`
`XI. Mandatory Notices And Fees ........................................................................ 73
`
`A.
`
`Real Party-In-Interest .......................................................................... 73
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`Related Matters .................................................................................... 74
`
`Counsel and Service Information ........................................................ 74
`
`D.
`
`Payment of Fees .................................................................................. 75
`
`XII. Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 75
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`EXHIBIT LIST
`
`Ex.
`
`Description
`
`1001 U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347 to Yin
`
`1002
`
`Prosecution History of U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`1003
`
`Stefania Sesia, et al., “LTE: The UMTS Long Term Evolution from
`Theory to Practice,” (“Sesia”)
`
`1004
`
`Expert Declaration of Dr. Hall-Ellis as filed in IPR2024-00136
`
`1005
`
`Expert Declaration of Dr. Kevin Almeroth
`
`1006
`
`1007
`
`1008
`
`1009
`
`1010
`
`Patent Owner’s Infringement Contentions against AT&T in
`Cobblestone Wireless, LLC v. AT&T Inc. et al, No. 2:22-cv-00474
`(E.D. Tex.) filed December 15, 2022
`
`3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #60, R1-101217, February 22-23,
`2010, San Francisco, USA, available at
`
`3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #60, R1-100926, February 22-26,
`2010, San Francisco, USA, available at
`https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_ran/WG1_RL1/TSGR1_60/Docs
`
`Patent Owner’s Infringement Contentions against T-Mobile in
`Cobblestone Wireless, LLC v. T-Mobile USA, et al. No. 2:22-cv-
`00477 (E.D. Tex.) filed December 16, 2022
`
`Patent Owner’s Infringement Contentions against Verizon in
`Cobblestone Wireless, LLC v. Verizon Communications Inc., et al.,
`No. 2:22-cv-00478 (E.D. Tex.) filed December 16, 2022
`
`1011 Docket Control Order in Cobblestone Wireless, LLC v. T-Mobile
`USA, et al. No. 2:22-cv-00477 (E.D. Tex.) (Dkt. No. 62)
`
`1012 Katherine K. Vidal, Interim Procedure for Discretionary Denials in
`AIA Post-Grant Proceedings with Parallel District Court Litigation
`(June 21, 2022)
`
`02198-00092/14576766.1
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`1013 Wiley Online Library listing for Sesia as of November. 22, 2023
`(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470978504?S
`eriesKey=10.1002/9780470742891)
`
`1014 U.S. Patent No. 8,654,815 to Forenza
`
`1015
`
`Patent Owner’s Infringement Contentions against Samsung in
`Cobblestone Wireless, LLC v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc., et
`al., No. 2:23-cv-00285 (E.D. Tex.) filed June 16, 2023
`
`1016 Amitabha Ghosh, 5G New Radio (NR): Physical Layer Overview and
`Performance, IEEE Communication Theory Workshop (May 15,
`2018)
`
`1017
`
`Cobblestone Wireless, LLC v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., No.
`2:22-cv-00285-JRG-RSP, Dkt. 29-1, Docket Control Order
`
`1018
`
`Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Kevin Almeroth
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`02198-00092/14576766.1
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`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`Claim
`
`[1.0]
`
`LIST OF CHALLENGED CLAIMS
`
`Limitation
`
`A method for wireless communication in a system including a
`transmitter, a receiver, and a plurality of propagation paths
`formed between the transmitter and the receiver which are
`capable of carrying a signal transmitted by the transmitter to the
`receiver, the method comprising:
`
`[1.1]
`
`transmitting a first signal from the transmitter to the receiver via
`a first propagation path of the plurality of propagation paths;
`
`[1.2]
`
`receiving the first signal at the receiver;
`
`[1.3]
`
`[1.4]
`
`[1.5]
`
`performing a channel estimation based on the first signal to
`obtain path parameter information of the first propagation path;
`
`sending the channel estimation that includes the path parameter
`information from the receiver to the transmitter via the first
`propagation path;
`
`predistorting a second signal at the transmitter in a time domain,
`a frequency domain, and a spatial domain, according to the
`channel estimation based on the first signal;
`
`[1.6]
`
`transmitting the predistorted second signal from the transmitter
`to the receiver via the first propagation path; and
`
`[1.7]
`
`receiving the predistorted second signal at the receiver.
`
`2
`
`The method of claim 1, wherein the path parameter information
`of the first propagation path includes at least one of an
`estimation of a delay, an estimation of a Doppler frequency, an
`estimation of a direction of arrival, an estimation of a direction
`of departure, and an estimation of a complex amplitude of the
`first propagation path.
`
`
`
`
`
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`

`
`
`Claim
`
`Limitation
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`3
`
`4
`
`6
`
`7
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The method of claim 2, wherein the path parameter information
`of the first propagation path further includes an estimation of a
`polarization status of the first propagation path.
`
`The method of claim 1, wherein the path parameter information
`is obtained by at least one estimation technique of the group
`consisting of a maximum-likelihood estimation algorithm,
`periodogram, correlatorgram, spectral-based methods, Bartlett
`beamformers, Capon beamformers, subspace-based techniques,
`MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification), ESPRIT (Estimation
`of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques),
`approximation of the maximum-likelihood method based on
`iterative schemes, SAGE (Space-Alternating Generalized
`Expectation-maximization), RiMAX (Richter's Maximum
`Likelihood method), maximum-a-posteriori based methods,
`Evidence Framework, Bayesian techniques, tracking algorithms,
`Kalman filtering techniques, enhanced Kalman filtering
`techniques, particle filtering techniques, and least-square-error
`methods.
`
`The method of claim 1, further comprising equalizing the
`predistorted second signal at the receiver.
`
`The method of claim 6, wherein equalizing the predistorted
`second signal is performed using a joint processing technique in
`a coordinated multiple-point (CoMP) system.
`
`[8.0]
`
`A system for wireless communication comprising:
`
`[8.1]
`
`a receiver;
`
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`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`Claim
`
`Limitation
`
`[8.2]
`
`a transmitter; and
`
`[8.3]
`
`[8.4]
`
`[8.5]
`
`9
`
`a plurality of propagation paths formed between the transmitter
`and the receiver which are capable of carrying a signal
`transmitted by the transmitter to the receiver,
`
`wherein the receiver is configured to receive a first signal that is
`transmitted along a first propagation path of the plurality of
`propagation paths from the transmitter, perform a channel
`estimation based on the first signal to obtain path parameter
`information of the first propagation path, and send the channel
`estimation that includes the path parameter information to the
`transmitter via the first propagation path, and
`
`wherein the transmitter is configured to predistort a second
`signal in a time domain, a frequency domain, and a spatial
`domain according to the channel estimation that is based on the
`first signal and received from the receiver and to transmit the
`predistorted second signal to the receiver via the first
`propagation path.
`
`The system of claim 8, wherein the path parameter information
`of the first propagation path includes at least one of an
`estimation of a delay, an estimation of a Doppler frequency, an
`estimation of a direction of arrival, an estimation of a direction
`of departure, and an estimation of a complex amplitude of the
`first propagation path.
`
`10
`
`The system of claim 8, wherein the path parameter information
`of the first propagation path further includes an estimation of a
`polarization status of the first propagation path.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`02198-00092/14576766.1
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`

`
`
`Claim
`
`11
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`Limitation
`
`The system of claim 8, wherein the path parameter information
`is obtained by at least one estimation technique of the group
`consisting of a maximum likelihood estimation algorithm,
`periodogram, correlatorgram, spectral-based methods, Bartlett
`beamformers, Capon beamformers, subspace-based techniques,
`MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification), ESPRIT (Estimation
`of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques),
`approximation of the maximum-likelihood method based on
`iterative schemes, SAGE (Space-Alternating Generalized
`Expectation-maximization), RiMAX (Richter's Maximum
`Likelihood method), maximum-a-posteriori based methods,
`Evidence Framework, Bayesian techniques, tracking algorithms,
`Kalman filtering techniques, enhanced Kalman filtering
`techniques, particle filtering techniques, and least-square-error
`methods.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`12
`
`The system of claim 8, wherein the transmitter and the receiver
`each comprise multiple antennas in a multiple-input and
`multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication system or a
`single antenna in a single-input and single-output (SISO)
`wireless communication system.
`
`14
`
`The system of claim 8, wherein the receiver is further configured
`to equalize the predistorted second signal.
`
`[15.0]
`
`A base station for performing wireless communication with a
`receiver in a wireless device via a plurality of propagation paths,
`the base station comprising:
`
`[15.1]
`
`a transmitter;
`
`[15.2]
`
`a computing device; and
`
`02198-00092/14576766.1
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`
`
`Claim
`
`[15.3]
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`Limitation
`
`a computer-readable storage medium having computer-
`executable instructions stored thereon that are executable by the
`computing device to perform operations comprising:
`
`[15.3.1]
`
`transmitting a first signal from the transmitter to the receiver via
`a first propagation path of the plurality of propagation paths;
`
`[15.3.2]
`
`[15.3.3]
`
`receiving a channel estimation based on the first signal, the
`channel estimation including path parameter information of the
`first propagation path;
`
`predistorting a second signal in a time domain, a frequency
`domain, and a spatial domain according to the channel
`estimation based on the first signal; and
`
`[15.3.4]
`
`transmitting the predistorted second signal from the transmitter
`to the receiver via the first propagation path.
`
`16
`
`17
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The base station of claim 15, wherein the path parameter
`information of the first propagation path includes at least one of
`an estimation of a delay, an estimation of a Doppler frequency,
`an estimation of a direction of arrival, an estimation of a
`direction of departure, an estimation of a complex amplitude of
`the first propagation path, and an estimation of a polarization
`status of the first propagation path.
`
`The base station of claim 15, wherein the transmitter comprises
`multiple antennas in a multiple-input and multiple-output
`(MIMO) wireless communication system or a single antenna in a
`single-input and single-output (SISO) wireless communication
`system.
`
`02198-00092/14576766.1
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`

`

`
`
`Claim
`
`[19.0]
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`Limitation
`
`A wireless device for performing wireless communication with a
`base station with a transmitter via a plurality of propagation
`paths, the wireless device comprising:
`
`[19.1]
`
`a receiver;
`
`[19.2]
`
`a computing device; and
`
`[19.3]
`
`a computer-readable storage medium having computer-
`executable instructions stored thereon that are executable by the
`computing device to perform operations comprising:
`
`[19.3.1]
`
`receiving a first signal at the receiver via a first propagation path
`of the plurality of propagation paths;
`
`[19.3.2]
`
`performing a channel estimation based on the first signal to
`obtain path parameter information of the first propagation path;
`
`[19.3.3]
`
`sending the channel estimation that includes the path parameter
`information to the transmitter; and
`
`[19.3.4]
`
`receiving a second signal via the first propagation path, the
`second signal predistorted in a time domain, a frequency domain,
`and a spatial domain according to the channel estimation based
`on the first signal.
`
`
`
`
`
`20
`
`21
`
`The wireless device of claim 19, wherein the path parameter
`information of the first propagation path includes at least one of
`an estimation of a delay, an estimation of a Doppler frequency,
`an estimation of a direction of arrival, an estimation of a
`direction of departure, and an estimation of a complex amplitude
`of the first propagation path.
`
`The wireless device of claim 20, wherein the path parameter
`information of the first propagation path further includes an
`estimation of a polarization status of the first propagation path.
`
`02198-00092/14576766.1
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`
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`Claim
`
`
`
`22
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`Limitation
`
`The wireless device of claim 19, wherein the path parameter
`information is obtained by at least one estimation technique of
`the group consisting of a maximum likelihood estimation
`algorithm, periodogram, correlatorgram, spectral-based methods,
`Bartlett beamformers, Capon beamformers, subspace-based
`techniques, MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification), ESPRIT
`(Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance
`Techniques), approximation of the maximum-likelihood method
`based on iterative schemes, SAGE (Space-Alternating
`Generalized Expectation-maximization), RiMAX (Richter's
`Maximum Likelihood method), maximum-a-posteriori based
`methods, Evidence Framework, Bayesian techniques, tracking
`algorithms, Kalman filtering techniques, enhanced Kalman
`filtering techniques, particle filtering techniques, and least-
`square-error methods.
`
`23
`
`The wireless device of claim 19, wherein the receiver comprises
`multiple antennas in a multiple-input and multiple-output
`(MIMO) wireless communication system or a single antenna in a
`single-input and single-output (SISO) wireless communication
`system.
`
`
`
`02198-00092/14576766.1
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`

`
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`Samsung Electronics America, Inc. and Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
`
`(“Petitioners”) respectfully requests inter partes review of claims 1-4, 6-12, 14-17,
`
`and 19-23 (the “Challenged Claims”) of U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347 (the “’347
`
`Patent”) pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §311 and 37 C.F.R. §42.100. Petitioners note that
`
`the first ground of challenge (but not the second) in this Petition is a “copycat” of
`
`the Petition filed in T-Mobile USA, Inc. et al. v. Cobblestone Wireless, LLC,
`
`IPR2024-00136 (“Carriers’ Petition”). Ground 1 of this Petition and the sole
`
`ground of the Carriers’ Petition challenge the same claims using the same prior art
`
`and for the same reasons. Both grounds cite to substantively identical expert
`
`testimony, and otherwise cite to the same exhibits. This Petition, however,
`
`presents a second ground of challenge that does not appear in the Carriers’
`
`Petition—challenging the same patent and claims using a different prior art
`
`reference.1
`
`The ’347 Patent is directed to a technique for predistorting signals at a
`
`transmitter (e.g., a base station or eNodeB) based on channel estimation feedback
`
`provided by a receiver (e.g., a user equipment (“UE”)). According to the ’347
`
`
`1 If IPR2024-00136 is instituted, Petitioners intend to move either for
`
`consolidation or joinder.
`
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`
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`Patent, this predistortion must occur in the in a time-domain, a frequency-domain,
`
`and a spatial-domain. In the co-pending district court litigations, Patent Owner has
`
`identified the alleged infringing products as 5G cellular products capable of
`
`beamforming a wireless signal.
`
`The problem with the ’347 Patent and Patent Owner’s allegations is that
`
`beamforming in a time-domain, a frequency-domain, and a spatial-domain was
`
`part of the prior art 4G standard, and numerous textbooks have been written
`
`describing the channel estimation and beamforming capabilities of LTE. One
`
`example is Sesia et al., “LTE: The UMTS Long Term Evolution from Theory to
`
`Practice” (“Sesia”). Forenza provides another example of beamforming multiple
`
`propagation paths using information from a training signal.
`
`Thus the Challenged Claims are unpatentable over Sesia and over Forenza in
`
`view of the Patent Owner’s apparent interpretation of the claims. Petitioners
`
`respectfully request that the Board institutes an IPR of the Challenged Claims and
`
`cancels the Challenged Claims.
`
`II.
`
`STANDING
`
`Petitioners certify that the ’347 patent is available for IPR and that Petitioners
`
`are not barred or estopped from presenting the grounds identified in this Petition.
`
`02198-00092/14576766.1
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`

`
`
`III.
`
`IDENTIFICATION OF CHALLENGE AND RELIEF REQUESTED
`
`Petitioners request cancellation of claims 1-4, 6-12, 14-17, and 19-23
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`U.S. Patent No. 8,891,347
`
`(“Challenged Claims”) on the following grounds:
`
`Ground
`
`Reference(s)
`
`Basis
`
`Claims
`
`1
`
`2
`
`Sesia
`
`Forenza
`
`§103
`
`1-4, 6-12, 14-17, and 19-23
`
`§103
`
`1-4, 6-12, 14-17, and 19-23
`
`
`
`IV. PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF SESIA
`
`Sesia was published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (“Wiley”) in its “Wiley
`
`Online Library” on July 22, 2011. Exhibit 1003 is a true and correct copy of Sesia
`
`and has been compared to the eBook version of Sesia available online through the
`
`“Wiley Online Library.” Ex. 1004, ¶16. As set forth in Dr. Hall-Ellis’s declaration,
`
`the “Wiley Online Library” states that Sesia was “First published” on July 22, 2011.
`
`Ex. 1004, ¶18. Wiley is a well-respected and reputable academic publisher that was
`
`established in 1807 and has published millions of scholarly publications. Id. Sesia
`
`also bears a copyright date of 2011 and includes catalog information (such as catalog
`
`number, ISBN, and ISSN), which are established markers of a printed publication.
`
`Id.; see Hulu, LLC, v. Sound View Innovations, LLC, IPR2018-01039, Paper 29, at
`
`19 (Dec. 20, 2019) (precedential).
`
`Petitioners’ expert Dr. Kevin Almeroth also testifies that he is familiar with
`
`the website publication practices of Wiley, including that the “First published” date
`
`listed on the Wiley Online Library website is, to a POSITA, a reliable date indicative
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`of its publication status. Ex. 1005, ¶69. Wiley is a “well-known, reputable compiler
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`and publisher of scientific and technical publications, and . . . members in the
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`scientific and technical communities who both publish and engage in research rely
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`on information published on” Wiley’s website. Ex. 1005, ¶69; see also Ericsson
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`Inc. v. Intellectual Ventures I LLC, IPR2014-00527, Paper 41 at 11 (May 18, 2015)
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`(taking “Official Notice” with respect to IEEE, a publisher with a similar reputation
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`as Wiley); Google LLC v. Vocalife LLC, IPR2022-00005, Paper 10 at 21 (Apr. 15,
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`2022) (holding that reference is a printed publication based on indicia on the face of
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`the reference because Wiley is an “established publisher”).
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`Further evidence corroborates that Sesia was published on July 22, 2011, and
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`that Exhibit 1003 is an authentic copy of Sesia as first published. First, the metadata
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`for Exhibit 1003 states that the document was created on July 13, 2011, and that the
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`date of the metadata is July 19, 2011, as shown in the “xmp:CreateDate” and
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`“xmp:MetadataDate” from the screenshot below. Ex. 1004, ¶19; Ex. 1005, ¶69.
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`Ex. 1004, Figure A (Screenshot of Ex. 1003 Metadata).
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`Second, the “Wiley Online Library” states that Sesia’s Digital Object
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`Identifier (DOI) is 10.1002/9780470978504, which when entered into doi.org
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`redirects to the Wiley Online Library’s webpage for Sesia. A DOI is an identifier
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`defined by ISO 26324 used for identifying documents, especially academic papers.
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`Ex. 1004, ¶20; Ex. 1005, ¶69. The DOI system is managed by the well-known non-
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`profit International DOI Foundation, whose website is www.doi.org, which allows
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`any member of the public to enter a DOI identifier to retrieve the object (usually a
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`website URL) attached to the identifier. Id. A DOI can be registered using a third-
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`party registration agency. Id. Sesia’s DOI was registered with CrossRef, a non-profit
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`organization that allows members to “create metadata records that identify, describe,
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`and locate their work.” Id. (quoting https://www.crossref.org/membership/).
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`According to CrossRef, Sesia’s DOI is for an “EDITED BOOK published 22 July
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`2011.” Id. (quoting https://search.crossref.org/?from_ui=yes&q=10.1002%2F97804
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`70978504). This further corroborates that Sesia was publicly available on July 22,
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`2011. Id.
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`Sesia thus was available to “persons interested and ordinarily skilled in the
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`subject matter or art[,] exercising reasonable diligence.” See Voter Verified, Inc. v.
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`Premier Election Sols., Inc., 698 F.3d 1374, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2012) (quoting SRI Int’l,
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`Inc. v. Internet Sec. Sys., Inc., 511 F.3d 1186, 1194 (Fed. Cir. 2008)); Jazz Pharm.,
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`Inc. v. Amneal Pharm., Inc., 895 F.3d 1347, 1356 (Fed. Cir. 2018); see also MPEP
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`§ 2128. Thus, Sesia qualifies as prior art under at least 35 U.S.C. § 102(a) (pre-AIA)
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`as a printed publication which was published July 22, 2011. Ex. 1004, ¶¶17-22; Ex.
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`1005, ¶69.
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`V. LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART
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`A POSITA at the time of the alleged invention of the ’347 Patent would have
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`had at least a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering, computer engineering,
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`computer science, physics, or the equivalent, and at least two years of experience
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`working in the field. Ex. 1005, ¶41. Relevant working experience would include
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`experience with cellular telecommunications and networking, radio-access network
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`architectures, protocols, and signal propagation in wireless networks. Id. More
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`education can supplement practical experience and vice versa. Id.
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`VI. THE ’347 PATENT
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`A. Overview
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`The ’347 Patent describes a pre-distortion technique for transmitting signals
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`from a transmitter (e.g., a base station or eNodeB) to a receiver (e.g., UE) in a
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`wireless communication system such as a Long-Term-Evolution (LTE) or LTE-
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`Advanced communication system. See Ex. 1001, 12:54-58; Ex. 1005, ¶42.
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`Figure 1 of the ’347 Patent illustrates a simplified overview of a wireless
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`communications system that comprises multiple propagation paths between a
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`transmitter and receiver. Ex. 1001, 3:23-26, Fig. 1; Ex. 1005, ¶45, Fig. A. These
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`propagation paths are the routes that signals may travel from the transmitter to the
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`receiver. Ex. 1001, 7:38-49; Ex. 1005, ¶45. The ’347 Patent explains that there are
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`multiple propagation paths due to signals scattering, diffracting, reflecting, and
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`interacting with objects as they propagate. Ex. 1001, 3:26-30, 7:38-44; Ex. 1005,
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`¶45.
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`Ex. 1001, Fig. 1 (annotated); see also Ex. 1005, Fig. A.
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`The ’347 Patent explains that the consequence of having multiple propagation
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`paths is that signals will experience different delays, direction of arrival, direction
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`of departure, and Doppler frequency shifting. Ex. 1001, 3:47-48; Ex. 1005, ¶46.
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`Since the signals have different experiences and interactions as they propagate, the
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`receiver does not receive the same signal on each propagation path. Ex. 1001, 3:48-
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`50, 7:44-49; Ex. 1005, ¶46. Instead, each signal has been distorted based on the
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`characteristics of the particular propagation path (e.g., by having a different phase).
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`Ex. 1001, 3:48-50, 7:44-49; Ex. 1005, ¶46. This distortion can cause issues at the
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`receiver when the receiver attempts to combine the signals. Ex. 1001, 7:44-49; Ex.
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`1005, ¶¶46-47. For example, the signals may destructively combine or interfere with
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`each other which corrupts or modifies the originally transmitted signals. Ex. 1001,
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`3:48-50, 7:44-49; Ex. 1005, ¶¶46-47.
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`The ’347 Patent explains that a common prior art technique for removing
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`distortion and phase aligning signals is channel equalization, which is performed at
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`the receiver. Ex. 1001, 1:22-26; Ex. 1005, ¶48. Instead of using existing equalization
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`techniques to address the distortion at the receiver, the ’347 Patent proposes a
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`technique where transmitted signals are “pre-distorted” in such a way that they arrive
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`at the receiver without any distortion and with the same phase. Ex. 1001, 7:63-8:3;
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`Ex. 1005, ¶¶49-50, 54.
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`Figure 4 of the ’347 Patent illustrates the steps of the pre-distortion process
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`disclosed by the ’347 Patent. Ex. 1001, Fig. 4; Ex. 1005, ¶51. The disclosed process
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`generally involves: (i) transmitting, by a transmitter, a first signal to a receiver along
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`a propagation path, (ii) performing, by the receiver, channel estimation on the first
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`signal to obtain path parameter information about the propagation path, (iii) sending,
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`by the receiver, feedback to the transmitter with the path parameter information, (iv)
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`predistorting, by the transmitter, a second signal based on the path parameter
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`information, (v) sending, by the transmitter, the predistorted second signal to the
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`receiver, and (vi) receiving, by the receiver, the predistorted second signal. Ex. 1001,
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`8:7-9:14, Fig. 4 (below); Ex. 1005, ¶¶51-53. According to the ’347 Patent, the path
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`parameter information may comprise information such as a delay, a Doppler
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`frequency shift, a direction of arrival, a direction of departure, or a complex
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`amplitude for each of the propagation paths. Ex. 1001, 8:11-16, 11:62–67; Ex. 1005,
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`¶¶55-56.
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`Ex. 1001, Fig. 4; see also Ex. 1005, Fig. B.
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`VII. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION
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`For the purpose of this proceeding, terms not expressly construed herein
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`should be given their ordinary and customary meaning as of the filing date of the
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`’347 Patent. 37 C.F.R. §42.100(b); see also Phillips v. AWH Corp., 415 F.3d 1303
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`(Fed. Cir. 2005) (en banc).
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`For purposes of this Petition, it is important to consider Patent O